2006 December Signature Civil War Auction

Union Infantry Officer's Nine-Button Frock Coat with 1st lieutenant shoulder straps, crimson sash, belt, and buckle. The condition of the coat is fair, with numerous moth holes and an old 6" stitched repair on the front breast. Complete with lining, the coat displays well as an actual used piece of history. Sash is in poor condition, it shows much use and has many holes. The belt and eagle buckle are solid and attractive (no hangers). When placed on a mannequin, this three-piece set presents itself very well.

Union Cavalry 12 Button Shell Jacket. It is fairly large in size with no lining except in the sleeves. Yellow taping is bright and condition of the dark blue wool is very good. There is no trim on the bottom or on the back and there are no pillows present on this jacket.

U.S. Model 1858 Forage Cap With Original Label. This 1858 Union forage cap has its original label intact. Made by 'L. J. & I. Phillips', the lining is missing and there is moth damage to the dark blue felt. With standard eagle buttons on each side, the leather of the cap is in fine condition with a nice patina. On the top there is a large bugle device in very good condition. The inside label gives the size (7 1/8) and 'U. S. Army' information.

New York Officer's Kepi, Chasseur Pattern. This kepi is in excellent condition. Complete with the 'NY' embroidered initials inside a wreath, this dark blue broadcloth kepi has a 4.5" crown with an excellent quatrefoil design. It is complete with the eagle buttons on each side anchoring a gold braid. Only the lining is missing from this kepi which is otherwise in excellent overall condition.

Union Eleventh Corps Slouch Hat With A Red Crescent Device. This Union slouch hat is from the Eleventh Corps, First Division which fought at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. The division was routed by Confederate General Stonewall Jackson's troops and suffered a similar fate at the hands of General Jubal Early's Confederate forces at Gettysburg. Made up largely of German-American troops, the Eleventh later fought at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. Stephen Crane, the author of the Civil War set Red Badge of Courage reportedly used the setting of Chancellorsville and the action of the Eleventh Corps in his fictionalized version of the conflict.

This blue felt slouch hat is decorated with a red crescent badge emblematic of the First Division and is in overall fair condition. There are wear holes at the top of the crown near the badge and there is no liner. This is an historic item from a notable Corps that saw service at key battles of the Civil War.

Model 1860 Staff Officer's Sword, 37.5" overall with 30" blade. An especially fancy version of a sword type that was made with a wide range of decorative embellishment. Although unmarked by a maker, this weapon is similar to the finest Horstmann or Tiffany products of the period. The blade enjoys elaborate floral engraving interspersed with patriotic motifs. The guard and pommel are of gilt cast brass and are decorated with stock martial themes. The grip appears to be silvered brass with rows of double brass wire. The underside of the guard is stamped with the number "24". The scabbard, stamped "7" near the throat, is of plated steel with brass furniture having open scrollwork on one side. Completing the ensemble is an elaborate brass drag having geometric designs. The grip wire is loose at one end, otherwise the sword is intact with only light scratches and normal wear.

Model 1860 Field and Staff Sword, 36" overall length with 28" blade, ricasso engraved M.C. LILLEY & CO. COLUMBUS, OHIO by maker. The Lilley Company made swords before, during and after the Civil War. This example, although a wartime model, might be of a later date and certainly carries some post-war engraving. The blade is etched with military, patriotic and masonic themes. It also carries the name ASA BURLINGAME on one side with LOYAL LEGION and O.U.A.M. on the other. Burlingame, the owner, might be one in the same with a Union non-commissioned officer serving in Missouri during the war. The Loyal Legion here was formed after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln and was an association of former Union officers; O.U.A.M. stands for the Order of United American Mechanics. This particular order was a nativist society formed during the 1840s. The brass elements of the sword are gilt and the scabbard is plated. The wooden grip has remnants of a sharkskin wrap secured by brass elements. Other than deterioration to the grip wrap and some scattered rusting, this sword remains in very good condition.

Civil War Ames Naval Cutlass And U.S.S. Monitor Iron Plate Relic. U.S.Navy cutlass with faint AMES and CHICOPEE MASS stamped on one side of the ricasso and 1862 on the other; large brass guard stamped 51 229 with leather-wrapped wooden grip. Some very light pitting to blade, cleaned brass elements, grip brass wire no longer extant. A solid example of a Civil War cutlass, which is much scarcer than cavalry, infantry or artillery swords. Good condition; U.S.S. Monitor iron plating relic, 3" x 2" x .5" thick. This is mounted to a wooden block affixed with a custom brass plaque reading, "First rolling of armor plate for USS Monitor at Portec Inc. Plant Troy New York 1861-101." Iron from the ironclad! Light pitting.

Trenton-Made Model 1860 Civil War Cavalry Saber, 42.25" overall length with 35.25" blade. One side of the ricasso is stamped U.S. 1863 with inspector's marks while the other side carries EMERSON & SILVER TRENTON, N.J. Brass guard, leather-covered grip wound in brass wire, tinned scabbard. The blade has a few small nicks per usual, however remains bright with good surfaces. Brass elements enjoy deep old toning and the leather wrap is sound. An excellent Civil War saber.

Union Civil War Foot Officer's Sword With Beautifully Etched Blade, 2nd Lieutenant Francis E. Holt. This sword has a patriotic motif etched on the ricasso by the maker, W. H. Horstmann and Sons, Philadelphia. The sword is identified to Captain Francis E. Holt of the 1st New Jersey Infantry, Company E. Holt entered service on May 23, 1861 as a sergeant and was later promoted to 2nd lieutenant on June 3, 1861. He had a distinguished record having served in 15 major engagements. He was wounded in action at Gaines Mill, Virginia being shot in the lower arm on June 27, 1862. He was discharged September 12, 1864 near Winchester, Virginia. After the war he received a disability pension as a result of his wounds. He had married after the war and had five children. He died on June 7, 1878.

This sword has a dark untouched patina, original red shagreen covered grips and includes its original brass mounted leather scabbard with leather washer. The mounts of the scabbard have the same dark rich patina. The scabbard is engraved "F.E.H." with some repair on the lower end, but is complete.

Included with the sword is an interesting archive of Holt's military and pension records. A carte de visite of Holt backmarked "Victor Piard, 150 Grand Street, Jersey City" accompanies the sword. Written in ink verso at the top is "Lt. F. E. Holt 1 N.J." and in pencil at the bottom "Grandfather Holt Civil War picture". Dated circa 1862, the CDV is a standing view of Holt as a 2nd lieutenant holding the sword and wearing a kepi and a VI Corps badge on his frock coat. A great sword identified to a soldier who saw much action.

Provenance: Thomas R. Holt - Holt's great-grandson

Unmarked Dragoon Saber. Overall length 37.25" with 32.5" blade. Massive all-steel construction with the exception of the saber's heavy, ribbed wooden grip. Quite similar to early 19th century dragoon weapons. Patinated guard, pommel with clean blade. The scabbard has a moderate dent below the middle ring. Fine condition.

Mole Cavalry Saber, 41" overall length, blade 35.5", MOLE stamped on top edge of blade above ricasso, all metal elements are steel, two-piece checkered wooden grips on hilt, large and thick blade with a deep fuller. Moderate wear and rust to guard; significant rusting and large dents on lower scabbard. Overall good condition with a clean blade. Weapons such as this one were manufactured by Robert Mole & Sons of Birmingham, England and were imported through the blockade into the Confederacy.

Boyle & Gamble Foot Officer's Sword, 35" overall length, 29.5" blade. Open scrollwork on brass guard, laurel engraved on pommel, "26" stamped on underside of the guard, leather-bound wooden grip secured with brass wire. The scabbard is not original to the sword, however is period and fits nicely. Some loss to the blade tip and moderate rusting is present. Approximately 60% of grip wire remains and there is some loss to the leather. The various elements of this sword are loose. Given its condition, this should be an affordable Confederate sword as made by Virginia's largest edged weapons supplier.

Civil War General Officer's Sash, Likely Confederate. Originally white, this coarse silk sash has aged to a mellow light buff color. Its length measures 90" and terminates in two heavily corded tassels. Sashes of this sort were used by generals of both armies, yet were especially favored by Confederates. Fine condition.

Union Colonel's Shoulder Straps with "Silver Eagle" and Officers Crimson Red Belt Sash with tasseled knots. This is a great combination and exhibit group for a Union colonel. The crimson red sash and the colonel's shoulder boards, which are hand sewn with "Silver Eagles" on a blue infantry felt background, are in excellent condition. This is a superb display of infantry officer insignia.

Confederate General Officer's Gold Sash, a scarce Confederate general's sash similar to what Lee and Stuart would have worn. With large braided knots and twisted fringe and a white gold silk bodice. This would have completed a general officer's uniform ensemble.

Confederate Officer's Crimson Red Sash as worn by field officers of both sides. The crimson red silk bodice with knots and fringe would have been wrapped around the officer's waist with the knots staggered and close to their sword. Superb color and condition.

Superb 1/6th Plate Daguerrotype of a Southern Gentleman. In his wide-brimmed white straw hat & ivory-headed walking stick - all that is missing is a mint julep! Beautiful condition, with exceptionally strong image. In original leatherette case, which exhibits typical light surface wear.

Union Oval Belt Set With Cartridge Box. This is a nice early militia set that shows real service wear. It includes both the cartridge and cap box that the enlisted man carried. There is some pitting on the buckle and the patina on the leather is worn, an indication of its age and heavy use. A good set to display with a uniform.

Model 1840 Artillery Belt Set with Two-Piece US Buckle. This rare model 1840 Buff Artillery Officer's belt is set with the rare interlocking two-piece brass US buckle, along with original leather sword frog in mint condition.

Union Oval Buff "Dragoon" Belt Set. A rare U.S. Dragoon 'buff' belt set with US brass buckle and original leather sword hangers in excellent condition. This set is perfect for display on a Dragoon uniform. The Dragoons were the earliest U.S. Cavalry and served on the western frontier. Both Lee and Stuart served in the Dragoons before the Civil War.

Gettysburg Relics. First- a battle-scarred portion of a tree 15" x 6" that has been hit four times! Two round balls, one sharps carbine bullet, and what appears to be a small piece of shrapnel. The tag (modern) states "Culps Hill Gettysberg, 1863 - This tree bears evidence of the heavy fighting on Culp's Hill July 2 and 3, 1863. It has been struck four times". Wood has been varnished to preserve from flaking.

Secondly- three excavated plates: a U.S. box plate (no hooks), a breastplate (missing some lead) and a U.S. oval buckle (hooks present, missing some lead). All three plates are rough but have a pleasing green patina so common of Gettysburg area dug plates.

Union Army Enlisted Knapsack Black oil cloth, complete with all leather straps, including metal buckles (missing one "J" hook), measuring approximately 18" x 16", maker marked "Butterfield" and the contract date "Aug. 13, 1864" on the left shoulder strap, sound condition with the usual small rips and tears to oil cloth, leather is crazed but still supple with much of the black finish worn off. William Butterfield of New York City procured a government contract to produce 4,000 knapsacks.

Union Artillery Fuse Box. This cylindrical black leather box was used by U.S. Artillerymen to carry fuses for their cannon on the battlefield. Circa 1863, it still retains its nice form and original shoulder strap. A very nice artillery display piece.

Leather U.S. Cartridge Box, Shoulder Strap and Buckles. This is a fine example of a .58 caliber U.S. cartridge box complete with its shoulder strap including the brass eagle device. The case has the large 'US' buckle and all in are in very good condition. It has normal cracking and flaking at the bottom of the box but otherwise the leather is strong and pliable. The two brass devices are excellent. This is a nice display piece.

Pair of Officer's Eagle Spurs. Cast brass, in excellent condition- one still has the leather attached to it. Both have pointed star rowels intact. A beautiful set.

Belt, Buckle, Cap Box, and Canteen. Civil War canteen (complete with brown wool cover, stopper, and cloth strap). Belt is flaking but solid. U.S. buckle has a strong "W. H. Smith, Brooklyn" stamp. Cap box is solid, smooth leather (no wool or pick). A nice four piece Civil War set.

Three Civil War Period Relics. A fife in fair condition with nice patina and expected use wear at the holes; a brass telescope (9.5" closed, 29" open), marked "Tower Fine Optics 25-43 6307"; and a tin canteen (6" x 2"), possibly militia or C.S.

Early "SNY" Wooden Canteen. 7.25" x 3", held together by 2 iron bands - very similar to the construction of the typical C. S. wooden canteen. Original paint, white lettering S.N.Y. on one side. The maker's stamp "E. Arents" on the other side (A stamping). Has elevated wooden spout, no stopper present. Civil War era - very attractive and overall very good.

Confederate Cedar Drum Canteen Canteen measures about 7" in diameter and 2.5" thick, cedar construction with double tin bands, copper carrying strap bands, based on the Gardner Pattern canteen with some subtle differences, some period indistinct carving on both sides, in excellent condition with minimal wear. A nice example of a rare canteen.

Civil War Bugle. Long 16" infantry type, single twist, 5.5" diameter, brass has been lacquered and cracks have been repaired, attached is light blue infantry cord. Originally purchased from the late John Heflin who obtained it from the family. Papers included. While having many faults, it is a very attractive piece.

Iowa Volunteers Drum. 14" high x 17" wide, this drum has seen some action! The top head has extensive repairs and is backed by cardboard. The bottom remains torn in two places. Some original red paint remains and it has been given new rope. The best part about this drum is the old ink inscription on the top head: "F. W. Kimble, Drummer Co B 14th Reg. Iowa Inf. Vols.; War of 1861". Comes with two drumsticks.

Original Confederate CSA Belt Plate. "Virginia Style" C.S.A. rectangle belt plate, 70mm x 47mm, sand cast brass. This precursor to the more common Atlanta Arsenal plate retains some faint file markings from manufacture and enjoys casting flaws given crude wartime production techniques in the Confederacy. The "A" is joined to the period after the "S" and there is an uneven right border as made. Such imperfections are highly desirable to Confederate collectors. The plate retains all three hooks on the back. One of these has a substantial amount of casting debris on its underside. The plate was found in Tennessee in 1970 and has been cleaned. With a letter of provenance and authenticity from relic authority Larry Hicklen.

South Carolina Civil War Palmetto Patriotic Memorabilia and Confederate First National Bible Flag. This interesting lot consists of a silk, hand-sewn, multi-piece, Confederate first national "bible flag", measuring 3" x 5.75", with eleven sequins for stars, exhibiting some tears and separation of the material. The colors are slightly faded but overall it is in very good condition. Also included in the frame is a woven Palmetto object captioned with a period note "given to me (Maggie J. Haley) October 2nd 1861 by Col. Fuller of the 4th Reg. S.C. Vol.". Cursory research yielded no information on a "Col. Fuller" but more in depth investigation may bring him to light. Mounted between the two Civil War-era items is a ribbon from the South Carolina Daughters of the American Revolution with an applied Palmetto tree woven from a Palmetto frond. This last item is obviously post-Civil War. All items are framed (10.5" x 16.5") under glass

Two Civil War Battlefield Items: A Shot Breastplate and a Mid-Air Hit. These two fascinating items give a perspective on the Civil War rarely seen. The first is a Union eagle breastplate that has been hit by a small pistol ball or piece of shrapnel. The second is a mid-air collision of lead from the battlefield. Melded together as they struck each other are a .58 caliber US minie ball and a Confederate 2-ring minie. A unique grouping from a Civil War battle.

Excavated Pin of the Famous 114th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Oval pin held together by a tape backing. Pin is in at least three pieces and missing several small pieces. However, for display purposes it is very readable: (top) "114 REGT." (center) "Z. D' A." (Zouaves De Afrique) and (bottom) "P.V." A rare pin.

Three Interesting Civil War Relics including an example of Tarheel creativity: A U.S. cartridge box that at one time had an Impressed "U.S." on the flap. A creative North Carolina soldier has altered the "U.S." and there is now a very clear "N.C." Condition of the box is overall poor with missing straps and much flaking. One look at this cartridge box and it yells Johnny Reb. A great displayable relic.

Also, a piece of hardtack (Army Bread) brought home from war by Corp. Chaney Towne Co. I 81st NY Vol. About 2/3 of a 3" x 3" piece of hardtack; somewhat crumbling but very displayable.

Finally, a relic piece of a musket stock 15" long with modern tag stating "Shields Civil War Museum Collection, Gettysburg, PA."

Civil War Medical "Field Amputation Kit" made by J. Steven's & Son London. This rare medical kit could have been used by a Confederate Surgeon as the majority of Confederate Surgeons Medical kits were, in fact, British made and ran the blockade into the Confederacy to be used on the battlefield. In original brass mounted walnut case completely original and all surgical instruments intact, this is a showpiece.

Civil War Playing Cards. A nice complete set with original box. "Union Cards" by the American Card Co. "The suits are eagles, shields, stars, and flags, Goddess of Liberty in place of Queen, Colonel for King, Major for Jack". N.Y., 1862. Condition of box a solid very good; condition of cards vary, but all are there.

Sutler Lot Including Two Sutler "Chits" from the famous "Scotts Nine Hundred United States Cavalry". A 5-cent in excellent shape and a 25-cent with one small hole and some staining. Also, a beautiful 5-cent "T.A. Garman Sutler, 54 PA. Vols." brass token with eagle on reverse in excellent - average condition.

Civil War Grouping of Miscellaneous Items: (1) An unopened box of Frankford arsenal 20 second fuses. (2) Brass and cork style rifle tampion. (3) S. M. Spencer's stencil indelible ink- a very small glass bottle with cork stopper and brush included. (4) Small brass container with Virgin Mary statue inside. (5) Gutta percha match case with eagle motif. (6) Wooden matches (15) stamped "U.S. 1861". (7) Ivory handle straight razor with eagle and patriotic carving. (8) Civil War period fork and knife. All pieces are in good condition and very displayable.

Civil War Engraved Snuffbox and Compass. This unique grouping features two items from soldiers in the Union army during the Civil War. The first is a 2" x 2" compass in its original wooden case. In white paint is the soldier's name, "1st Sgt. W. E. Calhoun" of the 20th Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry. The 20th was formed in June 1864 and fought at New Market. The compass and box are in very good condition.

The second item is a metal snuffbox engraved "G. W. Hunt 2nd Ms. Inf. 1861." Hunt served with the 2nd Massachusetts Volunteers and was wounded at Cedar Mountain. His original disability discharge and war record documents accompany the snuffbox. These are two nice items with identification and history.

Confederate New Testament With Diary-like Notations. "C. F. Vanderford, Capt. and Ord. Officer on the march from Wartrace to Tullahoma June 27, 1863 to A. Pearre 1st Lieut. Of Artillery and Ordnance Officer Liddell's Brigade, Cleburne's Div." The New Testament was published by the American Bible Society, N.Y., 1862. It has a broken spine and no back cover, but the contents are very good. Throughout this book Pearre gives the locations - and sometimes a few details of where he was or what was going on when he read a particular passage! Pearre is pictured in Confederate Faces, page 152 and mentioned in Cleburne and his Command by Buck. Pearre was a Marylander and had a fantastic history. A very interesting item - a transcription of his "notes" are provided as well as other history.

Union Identification "Dog Tag" - Killed at Gettysburg. This Union identification disc, the forerunner to modern dog tags, was carried by Private Thomas J. Severence of New Hampshire. These disks were carried so that in the event the soldier was killed, his body would be identified in hopes of having it sent home to his family. This disk reads obverse: "T. J. Severance, Co. F., 2d Reg., N.H.V., Colebrook, N.H." On reverse: "War of 1861, Bull Run, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Seven days before Richmond, Bristow Station, Wounded at Bull Run, Fredericksburg". This unit was mustered into service at Portsmouth, New Hampshire in May 1861 and saw action at 1st and 2nd Bull Run before Gettysburg. Thomas J. Severance would be wounded at Gettysburg and die shortly thereafter.

1st Michigan Silver I.D. Pin. Engraved "WM. O. Boughton Co. B. 1st Mich. Infantry, 3rd Brig., 1st Div., 5th A. C". Boughton enlisted July 11, 1861, and fought with this famous regiment the entire war, being mustered out July 9, 1865. Boughton was listed as missing after the Battle of Malvern Hill in July of 1862. A very attractive, rare I.D. pin.

A.E. Vandemark Dogtags. "Wounded at Gettysburg" I.D. disc or "Dogtag" belonging to A. E. Vandemark, Co. C, 120th Reg. N.Y.S.V. Silver-plated white metal with "War of 1861" and the 2 battles of Fredericksburg listed above "Engaged in the above battles". Vandemark was wounded at Gettysburg on July 2, 1863.

Rare Bucktail Document and Medal, along with a fine 5th Corps Bucktail "Proof of Enlistment" Gettysburg 25th Anniversary Medal for the 149th Pennsylvania Bucktails 1863-1888. The document, one of only a few known measures 3¼ x 8½ and reads "To all whom it may concern - this is to certify that Gabril Livengood has been mustered into the service of the United States at Harrisburg on the 20th day of August, 1862, for three years or during the war, in the Bucktail Regiment." This document is signed by J. H. Bassler who was severely wounded at Gettysburg. Livengood survived Gettysburg and stayed in for the whole war, mustering out on June 24, 1865.

"Dog Tag" from the 43rd New York Volunteers. This brass identification disc is inscribed with the name of Robert Stanton of Company D of the 43rd New York Volunteer Infantry. The disc is engraved with the battles in which the 43rd served: Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, 'Seven Days Richmond', Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. These identification discs were the precursor to modern military day dog tags and were worn by many troops during the war in order for their bodies to be identified if they were killed. Stanton was a private in the 43rd enlisting on February 25, 1862 and mustering out on February 25, 1865. The disk has a small hole for attachment of a necklace on which it was worn. This is an interesting piece of Civil War memorabilia that was worn by this soldier during some of the war's most heated conflicts.

Flag From 1868 Republican Presidential Campaign of U.S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax This small cotton single-sided flag measures 5.25" x 8.25" with silk screened stars, stripes and the names of Ulysses S. Grant and his vice-presidential running mate Schuyler Colfax. Grant, of course, went on to win the election and served two terms. Colfax was an unsuccessful candidate for Vice President during Grant's second term owing to difficulties related to a political corruption scandal. The flag is in very good condition with some minor fraying to the edges and general age toning. Seldom seen in this smaller size.

Frank Leslie's Pictorial History of the American War, Volume One. This 400 page volume measuring 16.5" x 23" is an expansive view of the Civil War in its early stages. There are dozens of beautiful engravings of President Lincoln, his cabinet, and of the early battles of the war in 1861 and early 1862. One bonus is a fold-out 49" x 23" engraving of Farragut's assault at Fort Jackson on the Mississippi. In good condition with very slight foxing on the interior pages, this is a bargain for just the engravings alone.

Robert Tomes and Benjamin Smith The Great Civil War - A History of the Late Rebellion with Biographical Sketches of Leading Statesmen and Distinguished Naval and Military Commanders, etc. in three volumes (New York: Virtue and Yorston, 1865), volume one 664 pages, volume two 680 pages, volume three 738 pages, 4to (9" x 11.25"), bound in full leather with gilt titles and decorations, gilt fore edges, volume one contains 25 full-page engravings and one map, volume two 21 and six maps, volume three 26 and two maps, all volumes in very good condition exhibiting no splits to the leather at the hinges and only reasonable scuffing to the leather boards at the extremities, the inside front hinges of volumes one and two are just slightly starting to crack but the book block is still tight. This is an impressive set published just after the end of the Civil War and gives a general history of the war. Besides being an attractive set externally each volume contains many detailed engravings of many people and places important to the war. Of note are portraits of generals Grant, Jackson, Rosecrans, McClellan, Buell, Burnside, Kearney and a host of others.

Virginia Military Institute Report, July 1863 5.75" x 9", 111 pages, gray cloth, later binding, a Virginia Military Institute July 1863 report by the Board of Visitors "Document No.2". Prepared under the direction of William H. Macfarland, President of the VMI Board of Visitors. The report was prepared for Virginia's Governor John Letcher. Macfarland was known in Richmond as the 'King of Hospitality'. In his cover letter to Letcher on page 3, Macfarland indicated the Board had been "...attending the examination of the classes, witnessing the drills, investigating the government and condition of the institution, passing upon the admission of cadets, and disposing of other matters which claimed attention." The report details expenses at the Institute and payments to named individuals. At page 86 the Report addresses the "The Maltreatment of Cadets". The "initiation" practices at VMI are examined in the six pages that follow and are a rare look behind the scenes of the Institute less than a year before many of its cadets would be slain at the Battle of New Market. In good condition with light foxing, the volume includes four loose pages of additional Superintendent's reports.

Atlas To Accompany The Official Records Of The Union And Confederate Armies (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1891-1895), large folio (15.5" x 19"), Parts I - XXXV with Part XXIX included with Part XXVIII. This magnificent collection of maps is testimony to the superb efforts of military cartographers, North and South, laboring under extremely adverse conditions during the Civil War. General maps showing infrastructure and topography are augmented by battle maps complete with troop placement, movements and dates. Included, too, are general supplements showing the regulation uniforms of both sides and schematic drawings of ordnance and equipment. Accompanying the atlas is a series of 1902 octavo imprints providing "Additions and Corrections" to the main work. Each part of the atlas retains its original paper wrap with the contents listed on the front cover. Internally fine with the cover wraps in various states of preservation. Several of the covers have splits and paper loss given the generally brittle quality of the paper.

Union Ferrotype Charms Showing Federal Officers. Two small brass bezels,just over .5" in diameter, each encase two miniature portraits taken from engravings. Subjects include General Ambrose Burnside, Brigadier General Michael Corcoran of the Corcoran Legion, Major General Thomas Meagher of the Irish Brigade, and Colonel William Sprague. The images are perforated with a brass wire attached. Very fine condition.

Union Civil War Veteran's 40 Star U.S. Coffin Flag. The 40 star flag came about with the admission of South Dakota to the union in 1890. However, it became obsolete before it even really had a chance to be rung up the flagpole. The admission of North and South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana and Utah took the flag to 43 stars. This flag is quite rare, since there was never officially a 40 star flag. It is a lovely manufactured flag with a hard canvas area to the left of the canton and field for hanging or display. The name of the soldier whose casket this flag was draped over is on this canvas section. Edmund P. Yocum was a private during the Civil War; he served with the 119th Pennsylvania Infantry (photocopies of his original service records are included). This flag was used at Yocum's funeral when he died presumably around 1890. He was a plumber by trade who lived in Philadelphia all his life. He served his country valiantly and was awarded a fine military funeral. This flag comes complete with copies of Yocum's military records. At a military funeral, when the flag is used to cover a casket, it is placed so that the union is at the head and over the left shoulder. The flag is never lowered into the grave or allowed to touch the ground. The flag is in great condition for its age! It measures 9' long and 5' wide. The flag is soiled badly but it gives the flag a wonderful patina and aged look. The ends are starting to separate and fray slightly, but this is easily correctable with any textile conservator's help. There is also one small mend near the right edge, a hole has been repaired with a piece of red cloth and hand stitching. This flag, in its extreme rarity and good condition, will make a wonderful display piece for any vexillophile!

Hannibal Hamlin, Lincoln's First Vice President, His Personal Copy of a George Bancroft Speech on Lincoln. Hamlin owned this bound copy of a speech given before both houses of congress on February 12, 1866. Bancroft was a noted historian and previously served as Secretary of the Navy and founded the United States Naval Academy during his tenure. Congress chose Bancroft to give the special eulogy of Lincoln.

The 69-page document titled Memorial Address on the Life and Character of Abraham Lincoln is bound in a 6" x 9" brown leather volume with the notation and stamp of Hannibal Hamlin's personal library. With some tears at the binding, the frontispiece of the book displays a nice engraving of Lincoln. There is moderate foxing on most pages.

Pair of 11th Corp Items including a small ¾" Silver 11th Corps Pin Engraved "11th Corp" with a T-Bar pin on back. Also a large 10.5" x 13.5" photo of the 107th Ohio Infantry with tag on the reverse stating that it came from the Shields Civil War Museum Collection, Gettysburg, PA. Both pieces in good condition.

Two Civil War Manuals: An Officer's Manual and a Surgeon's Handbook. These two Civil War military books have an interesting history. The first is a leather-bound copy of Army Officer's Pocket Companion and Manual for Staff Officers in the Field by William Craighill (New York: Van Nostrand, 1862), the book measures 4.25" x 6" and is in very good condition. As written on the inside cover, it was presented to the Royal United Service Institution by the 'US Secretary of War' 0n September 9, 1870. The institution was founded in 1830 and is a military library in London.

The second volume is a Handbook of Surgical Operations written by Dr. Stephen Smith (New York: Baillere Brothers, 1863). The book measures 4.5" x 6.75" and has some tape repair on the spine. This book was owned by Dr. Bliss, surveyor general of the US Army at Baltimore and is dated October 6, 1865.

Fort Pulaski Confederate Flag Swatch With Union Officer's Letter. Autograph Letter Signed, "G.M. Husted", one page, 4.75" x 7.75", Edisto Island, South Carolina, April 20, 1862, to unknown recipient. It reads: "Dear Sir I send you enclosed a piece of the secession flag that once proudly waved over Fort Pulaski. The Herald of the 9th was duly received. You have my sincere thanks." Minimal aging with two horizontal mailing folds, fine condition. Accompanying the letter is a 1" square fragment of red cloth from a Confederate garrison flag. The author of this letter, Gilbert M. Husted, was 1st Lieutenant, Co. G, 47th New York Volunteers. His regiment helped capture Fort Pulaski, Georgia on April 11, 1862. It would later serve in Virginia and would finish the war in North Carolina.

Ellsworth Memorial Badge. Stamped metal pinback, approximately 1.25" square, on original card with a bust of Colonel Ellsworth amid American flags. The flags are meticulously painted in natural colors while the rest of the piece enjoys bright gilt on both sides. Ellsworth was the first Federal officer killed in the Civil War and, as such, he became idolized as a martyred Defender of The Union. A nice, minty, albeit highly commercial, memento of the war.

Unique Cobb's Legion Confederate Valentine, one page, 4.25" x 5" flat, with envelope, Fredericksburg, Virginia, February 14, 1864, to Miss Etee Johnson, Beaufort, South Carolina. An amazing example of field artistry, this little card gushes forth with tender sentiment and is fully illustrated with the sweetest of drawings. Signed, "J.S.G. Co. 'G' Cobb's Legion Cavalry", it reads: "With rosey morning's dewy light, Comes gentle thoughts of thee." Clasped male and female hands above a heart partially form a border around the verse. The lower panel has a realistic color sketch of a horse galloping across what is probably the Virginia countryside. The accompanying envelope is bordered with ivy and is nearly filled with large and ornate writing. The whole is meticulously rendered in pencil, including the color equestrian scene. Minor foxing and one turned corner, else very good condition. Cobb's Legion was one of the war's most famous units. It consisted of infantry, cavalry and artillery elements. Rosters for Company G indicate that a Private James A. Graham would be the likliest author of this valentine.

Six Confederate Government Imprints, 24 pages total, 6" x 9", Richmond, Virginia, January and February, 1863. Four of the imprints contain messages from President Davis as well as several from various Confederate cabinet members, politicians and functionaries. The subjects of these communications range from high finance to contracts for ice. The two remaining imprints detail a bill outlining election procedures for Confederate territories occupied by the Union armies. All of these imprints carry the U.S. War Department's post-1865 oval "Rebel Archives" stamp. Lightly aged, a few of the papers have splits. Overall fine condition and a fascinating glimpse into the workings of a doomed government.

Confederate Broadside, "A Patriotic Musical Festival, Proposed By Some Public Spirited Ladies Of Charleston In Aid Of The Ladies' Gunboat Will Be Presented At The Hibernian Hall..." (Charleston: Evans & Cogswell, 1862), one page, 6.5" x 13.75". The program consists of fourteen musical selections ranging from "God Save the South" to "La Marseillaise". Tickets were fifty cents...Confederate, of course. Moderate foxing with smoothed folds. Nearly very good condition, which is an exceptionally high grade for surviving Confederate paper. From Richmond to Mobile, Southern ladies organized "gunboat societies" to raise funds for coastal defense. The Charleston ladies succeeded in getting two such vessels afloat: The C.S.S. Palmetto State and the C.S.S. Charleston.

Confederate General Orders Naming Lee General In Chief, Signed in print by Samuel Cooper, one page, 5" x 7.5", Richmond, February 6, 1865. Section 1 of this rare imprint states that "The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That there shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, an officer, who shall be known and designated as 'General in Chief,' who shall be ranking officer of the army, and as such, shall have command of the military forces of the Confederate States". Robert E. Lee is named to the position in Part II of the Orders. This document carries the handstamp of the U.S. War Department's Rebel Archive. Two burn spots in right margin, light overall browning, else very good condition.

Confederate Military Broadside, GENERAL ORDER, one page, 13" x 10", Charleston, Virginia (now West Virginia), September 24, 1862. The body of this official messages states that: "The money issued by the Confederate Government is secure, and is receivable in payment of public dues, and convertible into 8 per cent. bonds. Citizens owe it to the country to receive it in trade; and it will therefore be regarded as good in payment for supplies purchased for the army. Persons engaged in trade are invited to resume their business and open their stores. By order of Maj. Gen. Loring H. Fitzhugh, Chief of Staff." Light browning as expected, one small creased corner, two smoothed folds. Very well preserved for a Confederate field imprint. Nearly fine condition. Charleston, the present capital of West Virginia, was a hotly contested town during the Civil War. Its population was split as were its loyalties, which were subject to the shifting tides of contending armies. This volatile environment undermined confidence in Confederate currency and resulted in the issuance of this order.

Rare Grouping of Five Confederate Stock Certificates. Despite having a relentless enemy at the gate, Confederates did their best to conduct business as usual. These partially printed documents demonstrate that industry wasn't exclusively a Yankee trait. Included are: Charleston Importing And Exporting Company, one page with verso imprints, 9.25" x 5", Charleston, South Carolina, November 7, 1864. Made out for five shares, this certificate has a striking central vignette of a side-wheel steamship. Light browning, else fine condition; Arkansas State Telegraph Company, one page with verso manuscript endorsements, 9.75" x 5.25", n.p., November 25, 1862. The Arkansas State Seal rides high in the center of this document, which has two additional engravings depicting slaves and masons respectively. small area of paper loss along top margin, heavy foxing. Good condition; Richmond Importing And Exporting Company,one page, 8" x 6", Richmond, Virginia, May 27, 1863. This certificate is printed with type only and is made out for one share. Fine condition; Confederate States Porcelain Company, one page, 7.75" x 5", Richmond, Virginia, May 9, 1864. An attractive certificate printed on blue-grey stock and made out for 25 shares and bearing the company's embossed seal. Fine condition; Importing And Exporting Company Of South Carolina, one page, 7.25" x 5.25", Charleston, South Carolina, August 10, 1864. Made out for one share. The verso carries an endorsed note stating that this was transferred on December 1, 1865 for "seventy Pounds sterling". Ink bleeds through from verso, else fine condition.

Confederate Parole For Union Prisoner At Vicksburg. Partially printed document, one page, 6" x 5.5", Vicksburg, Mississippi, December 31, 1862. Sergeant Charles W. Oldroyd, Co. C, 16th Ohio Infantry signs this parole some three days after his capture by Confederate forces at Anbry, Mississippi during the campaign at Chickasaw Bayou. The document is co-signed by a Major N.G. Watts, C.S.A. Printed on coarse grey Confederate stock. One clipped corner, two reinforced folds and an old library or museum identification tag on the face. Overall very good condition.

General Forrest Parole For Union Prisoner. Partially printed document, PRISONER'S PAROLE, one page, 8" x 3.5", Rome, Georgia, May 4, 1863. It reads: "I, Jno. Severs, a Srgt of Co."K", 3rd Ohio Inft of the United States Army, captured by Brig. Gen. Forrest, solemnly swear before Almighty God, the Sovereign Judge, that I will not bear arms against the Confederate State Government, nor help, aid, or assist, either directly or indirectly, any person or persons, in making war against the same, until regularly exchanged as a prisoner of war, and that I will not, at any time, communicate to any person information received within the Confederate lines, detrimental to the same." The document is signed by a Colonel A.W. Caldwell, C.S.A. Printed on light blue Confederate paper. Smoothed folds, else fine condition. The Union soldier paroled here was one of over 1,500 captured by Forrest on May 3, 1863 when he put an end to the irritating raids of Yankee Colonel Abel Streight.

Robert E. Lee Funeral Memorabilia. Newspaper, Southern Collegian, four pages, 11.5" x 14.75", Lexington, Virginia, October 13, 1870. Published by Washington College, this is a "Half-sheet Extra" of the student paper. The special edition is devoted to the October 12 death of the institution's president, Robert E. Lee. Eulogies and group resolutions dominate the copy. One small split on the central horizontal fold of the front page, else fine condition; Robert E. Lee mourning badge, 2.75" x 7". A gem-sized albumen print showing Lee in uniform is in an ornate brass frame mounted to a black rosette from which hang two white ribbons edged in black. With brass attachment pin. A superb example, lightly aged and nearly as made.

Rare Texas Confederate Imprint. The Confederate Soldier's Hymn-Book (Houston: The Soldiers' Tract Society, 1864), 32 pages, 3" x 5", self-cover. A pocket hymnal printed on poorly trimmed coarse brown stock and originally bound with string by the job office of the Galveston News. Moderate stains on the front cover with a small fold on the back. Overall sound and in good condition. As the Civil War progressed, soldiers on both sides became increasingly religious and open to evangelical appeals. Although general Christian literature from the Civil War is relatively available to collectors, imprints from the Trans-Mississippi Confederacy are difficult to obtain.

Lithograph, "Genl Lee At The Grave Of Stonewall Jackson" (New York: John C. McCrae, 1867), 19" x 24". This rare and fanciful scene was not taken from life, however it would have appealed greatly to sentimental Army of Northern Virginia veterans during the uncertain days of early Reconstruction. Lee is shown in full Confederate uniform standing by the grave of his "right arm", General T. J. Jackson. A few light isolated areas of foxing, else very good condition.

Vicksburg The Daily Citizen Wallpaper Reprint of July 4, 1863 Edition, one page, folio (11.75" x 19.5"). Among the most famous Civil War newspapers were those printed in besieged Vicksburg, Mississippi. Once the city's regular stocks of newsprint were depleted, J.M. Swords, publisher of the Daily Citizen, displayed a typical Confederate can-do resolve by using wallpaper for his paper. Federal troops, entering Vicksburg, found a partially composed July 4th edition in the paper's offices and, after a few adjustments to the copy, ran off a number of copies. These proved to be such popular souvenirs that subsequent copies were made well into the post-war era. This particular example is printed on wallpaper having turquoise floral patterns and white borders. The type appears to date from the 1880s. Moderate browning with some roughness to edges, else very good condition.

Partially Printed Confederate Parole for a Federal Prisoner-of-War, one page, 6.75" x 4.25", Brashear City, Louisiana, June 24, 1863. Datelined in print at "Headquarters, C.S. Forces, South of Red River", this document records the "Parole of Honor" as pledged by Private Samuel Ford, Co. H, 6th New York Volunteers. In addition to Ford's signature are those of his commanding officer, R.C. Cushing, and a Confederate aide-de-camp, A.I. Watt. Split folds repaired with archival tape, light soiling. Overall very good condition. A scarce document from the Trans-Mississippi Department.

Lot of 38 Jefferson Davis Patriotic Covers A selection of 38 Civil War era unused covers depicting variations on the theme of Jefferson Davis, including a stark image of skull and cross bones captioned "A Confederated DEAD HEAD", a color scene of Davis and the devil with Confederate flag captioned "The original suggestion and adoption of the Confederate flag", an image of Davis on the gallows captioned "Jeff in the Patent Union Neck Tie", a full-side colorful Confederate flag cover manufactured in Memphis, Tennessee with the names of Davis and his vice-president Stephens superimposed, and many other interesting, unique covers. All covers measure about 5.5" x 3", with the typical age toning to paper, three showing signs of glue on the reverse, very good with colors remaining vivid.

Lot of Six Unused Covers With Confederate Themes An exceptional lot of Confederate-themed covers including two covers with full-front flag themes, one with the caption "We are in the field, and the bars are up!", a cover depicting a snake segmented into all the states of the Confederacy with a Jefferson Davis quote as a caption "Slave States, once more let me repeat, that the only way of preserving our slave property or what we prize more than life, our liberty, is by a union with each other", a colorful flag motif with a "Death Before Dishonor" caption, and two other interesting covers. All covers measure about 5.5" x 3.25", show some age toning to the paper, four of the covers exhibit glue spots on the reverse, else in very good condition.

Confederate P.O.W. Cover From Elmira to Point Lookout. A nearly illegible Elmira, New York postmark ties a rose 3-cent U.S. stamp to this cover bearing a faint "PRISONER'S LETTER EXAMINED, ELMIRA" hand stamp. The cover, dated February 7, 1865 along the left margin, is penned by inmate John W. Keefe and addressed to John H. Leathers, a Confederate held at the military prison at Point Lookout, Maryland. On dark yellow stock, missing back panel and overall in good condition. Keefe, the sender, served with the 2nd Virginia and was sent to Point Lookout on May 18, 1864 before being transferred to Elmira. The addressee, Leathers, was also in the 2nd Virginia and landed at Point Lookout the same day Keefe entered the prison. It's highly likely the two were friends and maintained a correspondence following their capture. Leathers, incidentally, was from Louisville, Kentucky and became a highly respected banker in the Bluegrass State after the war. He died in 1923.

Group of Five Scarce Confederate Covers Associated With Texas. Homemade cover with Anderson postmark and manuscript Paid 10, addressed to Mr. John M. Scott, Capt Dickies Co. H Elmores 20th Regt T.V.I. Galveston Texas. This cover was made from a turned pre-printed form. Stains and some fading, else good condition; Cover with two 5-cent Davis (#6) stamps tied by Galveston double-circle postmark. Addressed to Mrs. C.C. Rea, Prairie Plains, Grimes County, Texas. On coarse brown Confederate paper, very good condition; Soldier's cover imprinted by attorneys Simmons & Bradley, Fairfield, Texas in upper left corner. This carries the Houston postmark and a manuscript "Due 10". From L. D. Bradley, Captain. Co. A, Waul's Legion addressed to Mrs. M. E. Bradley, Fairfiled, Texas. Lightly stained, else very good condition; Self-cover soldier's letter with double-circle Marshall, Texas postmark and stamped "10", February 27, 1863, from A. S. Loden to Mrs. Catharine Loden, Rusk, Cherokee County, Texas. This is a heartfelt appeal to Mrs. Loden to visit her sick husband. Stains, else good condition; Stampless soldier's cover with "10" hand stamped on face. From D. R. Osterhout, 4th Infantry, Texas State Troops to Mrs. J. M. Osterhout, Bellville, Austin County, Texas. Fine condition.

Three Confederate Covers Postally Used. The first is of bright yellow stock and has a Hardeeville, South Carolina postmark dated June 7, 1862 tied to a 5-cent green (#1) stamp. It is addressed to Dr. L. J. Bond, Macon, Georgia; the second cover carries a #1 with significant paper loss to one corner and having a small manuscript cancellation. It is addressed to Mrs. M.B. Walthall, Mobile, Alabama; the third cover as a scarce 5-cent blue (#4) tied to the cover by a Petersburg, Virginia cancellation and is addressed to P. J. Fowlkes, Jeffress Store, Nottaway County, Virginia. Stains and aging as expected.

Group of Nine Confederate Covers. A diverse assortment with two covers carrying pairs of 5-cent Davis stamps (#s 6 and 7) and seven covers carrying single 10-cent Jefferson Davis stamps (#11 various shades). One of the covers - from Vicksburg - carries that city's postmark and contains an ALS from B.M. Lowe, Jr. regarding a debt. The remaining covers carry Virginia, Georgia, Alabama and North Carolina postmarks. Most of these covers have slight defects such as staining, wear and fading. Overall good condition.

Two Scarce Confederate Covers. The first is a very attractive yellow cover with a Tyler, Texas postmark dated August 13. It also carries a 10-cent blue (#2) stamp cancelled with two pen strokes. The cover is addressed to Miss S. A. Coffey, Patterson, North Carolina and is in fine condition. The second cover has a 10-cent rose (#4) stamp tied with a Richmond postmark dated June 24, 1862. The cover is addressed to Mrs. W. J. Walthall, Greenville, Alabama. The stamp has several abrasions that were already present when canceled, resulting in surface paper loss. Good condition.

Rare Jefferson Davis Confederate Patriotic Cover. A portrait of President Davis is shown within a medallion flanked by First National Confederate flags. An inspirational patriotic verse to the right of the vignette reads, "When the tempest of war o'ershadows our land, It's bolts shall e'er rend freedom's temple asunder, For unmoved at its portal, JEFF. DAVIS shall stand, And repulse with his braves the assault of the thunder." The cover carries a Memphis, Tennessee postmark and two Memphis PAID 10 hand stamps. Addressed to Mrs. Sallie De Witt, Port Lavaca, Texas. Moderately aged with heavy stains and mounted to a card. Overall good condition.

Two Postally Used Confederate Patriotic Covers. The first carries a nearly illegible Richmond postmark with a DUE 10 handstamp. It is addressed to H.B. Gober, Jackson County, Georgia and carries a notation that it is "A Soldiers letter Cobbs Brigade 24 Reg Ga volunteers Co A". The cover's patriotic imprint shows a cannon beneath a First National Confederate flag and has a verse admonishing soldiers to "...Trust in God and Davis But Keep Your Powder Dry". Affixed by old mounts to a black card. Moderate browning with a few light stains. Very good condition; The second cover is imprinted with an 11-star First National Confederate flag and a verse which starts, "Gather around your country's flag, Men of the South...". It is addressed to Mrs. Lou V. Woodson, New Plymouth, Lunenberg County, Virginia and is sent in care of an S. H. Hill. This cover lacks a postmark, yet its flap was secured by two hand-canceled 5-cent Davis stamps. Light staining, good condition.

Confederate Mail Pouch, 35" x 19" flat. Made of heavily stitched coarse brown cloth and having sixteen compartments, each identified by stenciled letters in gall ink. A few tiny areas of mothing, else very good condition. This extremely rare item would compliment any serious collection devoted to CS postal history.

Collection of Confederate Richmond Newspapers including eight issues of the Daily Dispatch as follows: August 6, 1861; September 23, 1861; September 25, 1861; October 9, 1861; December 7, 1861; December 9, 1861 (some damage with text loss); April 23, 1862 (separating at fold); and May 1, 1862 (separating at fold). These are all complete four page issues with war news on the front page and multiple runaway slave advertisements. Generally very good condition except as mentioned.

Also included in this lot are three issues of the Sentinel, also from Richmond, as follows: July 15, 1863 with the leading front page story "Casualties at Gettysburg"; November 4, 1863 (severely damaged- in pieces, possibly could be repaired); and December 28, 1863 (also poor condition). These Sentinels are all two page volume one issues.

Confederate Civil War Charleston Newspapers consisting of four papers, as follows:
Charleston Daily Courier, September 22, 1862- a very nice issue, four pages, neat masthead "Charleston, S.C. (Confederate States of America)", lead story "Gen. Jackson's Official Report of the Capture of Harper's Ferry- 'God Crowned Our Arms with another Brilliant Success'..."
The Charleston Mercury, June 16, 1863- two page issue with much front page news of the war in general and Vicksburg in particular.
Charleston Daily Courier, October 29, 1864- two page issue, lead story "Fighting on the North Side- Enemy Signally Repulsed- Our Loss Insignificant..."
The Tri-Weekly Mercury, December 22, 1864- a two page issue with war news and a long report on "The Inauguration of Governor Magrath" and great front page ads. Generally very good condition. A nice grouping.

Confederate Newspapers from Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi. Three rare issues, as follows:
The Weekly New Iberian, Louisiana, May 11, 1861- Four pages, never bound, dampstained, minor paper loss.
The Daily Clarion, Meridian, Mississippi, August 4, 1863- Two page singlesheet, very good condition.
Chattanooga Daily Rebel, Selma, Alabama, April 15, 1865- A fascinating little one page paper and one of the last, if not the last, issue of this "mobile" paper that, during the course of the war, was published in three states, five towns, and even in a railroad boxcar while traveling with Confederate soldiers. Its publisher, Henry Watterson, went on to found the Louisville Courier-Journal. The condition is only fair with weakness and separation at the folds but its historical significance far outweighs concerns of condition.
Also included in this lot is a prewar issue of the Galveston Weekly News dated May 29, 1860. At that point in Texas history, it was the dominant newspaper. Four pages, dampstaining and weak at folds. Shortly after the Civil War, a Confederate veteran named A. H. Belo took over this paper and expanded into Dallas starting the Dallas Morning News as a satellite paper. The publishing empire he founded is still flourishing today.

Confederate Blockade Runner Bond- One Share at $1,000. This vibrantly colored bond is dated May 18, 1864 issued by the Consolidated Steamship Company of Charleston, South Carolina. This particular bond is for one share at $1,000 and measures 5" x 8.25" with good margins. These funds were used to build blockade-running ships for the Confederacy. After the war, most of these companies took care of their investors, however Consolidated's president fled for New York claiming he had no liability since the business was illegal under United States law. In excellent condition, a very desirable item.

Confederate Blockade Runner Bond. The Chicora Company was famous for its importing and exporting business and owned the famous paddlewheel steamers The General Beauregard, The Chicora and The Wando. The bearer "George W. Williams" is entitled to one share for $1,000. Dated February 6, 1865 this certificate measures 8.25" x 5" and is printed on typical blue imported paper. These bonds were sold to build blockade-runners for the South and this one even has a red ink payment notation for July 20, 1869. A great Civil War certificate issued to help fight the war.

"Old First Virginia Infantry 1861-65" Ornate Document. This document was designed to be framed showing the Virginia state seal, battles engaged in (22) and certifying that William H. Stewart is a member of the old First Virginia Infantry and served honorably as a private in Co. D from the 21st day of April 1861 to the 26th day of August, 1862. Signed "Wm. H. Palmer" and "Charles T. Loehr" beside a color imprint of the C.S. battle flag. Several repairs with archival tape and minor stains, but overall a very impressive, colorful presentation.

Texas Confederate Soldier's 1862 Discharge: Thomas B. Crain, later of Waul's Texas Legion and captured at Vicksburg. One page on yellow pre-printed form, 6.25" x 9", printed in Houston, Texas, dated April, 1862. The document has been folded, appears to be slightly trimmed, has a few small stains, minor tears and has an archival repair on the reverse, else very good. This form discharges Crain after serving a six-month stint (November, 1861-April, 1862) in Nichol's Regiment of the Texas Volunteer Infantry. The discharge indicates that Crain mustered out at Galveston, Texas. Included with the lot are two photocopies of period documents that corroborate Crain's service in Waul's Texas Legion and his capture at Vicksburg on July 4, 1863.

Lot of Original Confederate Sheet Music Grouping of four Confederate imprints, 4to (9.5" x 11.75"), strong colors, moderate age toning to paper, else very good condition. Titles include: "The Southern Cross" published by George Dunn & Co., Richmond, Virginia, 1863, "The Standard Bearer" published by George Dunn & Co., Richmond, Virginia, 1864, "Stonewall Jackson's Grand March" published by Blackmar & Brothers, Augusta, Georgia, 1864, and "We Have Parted Ballad" published by George Dunn & Co., Richmond, Virginia, 1863.

Extremely Rare 1862 Manual of Military Surgery For the Use of Surgeons in the Confederate Army; With an Appendix of the Rules and Regulations of the Medical Department of the Confederate States of America by J. Julian Chisolm, M.D., published by West & Johnston, Richmond, Virginia, second edition, revised and improved, 514 pages, 8vo (5" x 8.25"), re-bound in the original boards, replaced end papers, moderate foxing to all the pages, residue from old cellophane tape present on title page, missing pages 219 through 230 and 235 through 238, boards well worn and stained, cloth missing to the head and tail of spine, but in overall good condition. This is a fascinating look at Confederate medicine, health, hygiene, and the society of soldiers through 1862 eyes. The index is rife with intriguing entries such as "Advice to surgeons left with the enemy", "Bayonet wounds", "Amputation of arms", "Coffee for soldiers", "Disturbing influences of wounds", "Malingering, or feigning disease", "Round balls, effects of", etc. Further enhancing this book is the signed name on the title page of either a "T. W. Nilson" or "T. W. Nelson" under which is signed "Asst. Surgeon C.S.A.". Accompany the book is a hand written letter from a F. T. Hambrecht, M.D. giving the former owner some leads about the possible identity of the "Nilson" or "Nelson" in question.

Group of Virginia Civil War Letters, Passes, and Commissions . A group of Civil War letters, commissions, and passes to three members of Virginia military regiments. Of note are two commission documents signed by Virginia Governor John Letcher. Both commissions are dated July, 1861, and are for appointments in the 122nd Regiment, 16th Brigade and 3rd Division of the Virginia Militia. One document commissions George W. Diffenderfer to the rank of 1st Lieutenant; the other commissions Jackson K. Everhart to 2nd Lieutenant. Both men were attached to "A" Company. The documents measure 9.5" x 8" and bear the seal of the state of Virginia. Included is a three-page letter to Diffenderfer from John R. Nunn, Captain in the 122nd Virginia Militia, dated October 4, 1861 in which he addresses the lack of pay to the regiment's men: "I am truly sorry to hear of the dissatisfaction among the men in consequence of not being paid. I appreciate the feeling of those whose families are in a needy condition and regret most deeply that they cannot be paid at once, but I must say in all candor, that I am astonished and pained at the conduct of those who are not in urgent need of the money. I think it betrays a want of loyalty and patriotism, which they should not exhibit. It shows a want of faith in the stability and honesty of our new government. I honestly believe that you all will be paid very shortly provided you remain in service". Another two-page letter from Nunn dated October 8, 1861 reads in part "...I regret that the men have been leaving without furloughs. They ought not to do it...I gave Jacob Everhart [2nd Lieutenant, A Company, 122nd Virginia Militia] leave of absence until Wednesday. He wanted to get the hogs up and get some corn for them...". In addition are several passes dating from 1861 on various sizes and types of paper glued into a business ledger with entries dating back to 1850. Of note is B.R. Diffenderfer's [Private, 12th Virginia Cavalry] parole document dated April 19, 1865. Rounding out the group is a collection of letters and receipts relating to the Diffenderfer family that both pre-date and follow the Civil War. This group will be further enhanced with more in depth research.

"Gettysburg" Song Sheet, published by Lee & Walker, Philadelphia. This war date song was penned by one Robert Morris, possibly a descendant of THE Robert Morris, Declaration of Independence Signer from Pennsylvania. The title line of the sheet dedicates it to General Meade, victor at Gettysburg, and is followed by fourteen stanzas of patriotic lyrics. Light aging, uneven trim, yet quite rare and a good addition to any collection focusing on the great battle.

Wisconsin's Civil War Eagle Grouping. Company "C" of the hard-fighting 8th Wisconsin Infantry adopted an eagle fledgling at the beginning of the Civil War. Appropriately named "Old Abe", their mascot had a portable roost that accompanied the regimental color guard. Theirs was indeed a "war eagle" as it flew above the troops during thirty-six engagements over a three-year period. "Old Abe" retired to the Wisconsin State Capitol in September, 1864 and lived until 1881. This lot of memorabilia reflects the celebrity and hero's status enjoyed by the feathered veteran. Included are the following items: Cabinet card, "The Centennial Photograph of 'Old Abe', the Live Wisconsin War Eagle". Abe, looking every inch the American warrior, sits upon his roost in this image sold at the Centennial Exposition in 1876. Some stains and pencil notations on verso, small water stain and minor chipping on front; Booklet, "Old Abe!" The Live War-Eagle of Wisconsin", by J.O Barrett (Madison, Atwood & Culver, 1876), sixth edition, 128 pages, 12 mo, paper wrap on front. This publication was sold with the cabinet card image. Cover soiled, first few pages creased. Good condition overall; Booklet, "Abe the War Eagle", (Lynn, Massachusetts, C. P. Nelson, 1903), 32 pages, 16mo, red card wraps. Dedicated to veterans, this booklet has two fine plates showing Abe in action. Light wear to cover, else fine condition.

Outstanding Large, Colorful Civil War Patriotic and Advertising Broadside This May 1, 1861 Philadelphia dry goods poster joins the patriotic fervor sweeping the North at that time, while still "taking care of business." The Civil War had broken out less than three weeks earlier, and some degree of panic had broken out in some Northern cities, especially those within possible military striking distance of the Confederates, such as Philadelphia. Wallace & Co. declares that it offers bargains on goods "purchased in Philadelphia for Cash at Panic Prices!" Rather intriguingly the officer pictured at the top bears an uncanny resemblance to Mexican War-era images of Zachary Taylor, who was a staunch defender of the Union. One wonders if his image isn't being deliberately used to inspire the troops! A rare and exceptional poster in excellent condition. 21" x 28". Nicely custom framed.

Gettysburg Medal of Honor Recipient Grouping. Captain Francis Irsch (1840-1906), a German-born captain in the 45th New York Infantry, had already been recognized for gallantry at Second Manassas when he found himself at Gettysburg. During the first day's fighting, he led a charge that captured 100 prisoners and later held off advancing Confederates until Union forces could organize. These actions earned Irsch the Medal of Honor. Unfortunately, the young hero was himself captured and wasn't exchanged until March 1, 1865. This grouping consists of the following items: Carte de Visite of Irsch in his Federal captain's uniform, Charles D. Fredricks backmark, pencil ID as "Capt. 45th NY VOLs"; Carte de Visite, likely Irsch in the 1870s. This somewhat older gentleman appears to be wearing a militia or Masonic sash and sword belt. No backmark or inscription; Autograph book leaf, 2 pages, 5" x 7.5", contains signatures and regimental information for nine junior officers, one of whom is Irsch. This is probably from an album put together while the signatories were prisoners-of-war; Autograph Letter Signed, "C. Irsch", one page with docketing, New York, October 3, 1864, to "the Commanding officer U.S.A. Harbor of Charleston, S.C." "Being a poor widow woman and having a son held as Prisoner of war by the enemy at Savahna [sic], Ga. since the Battle at Gettysburg, July 1863, I take the liberty of addressing you in the hope that you might exercise your influence to have the same exchanged as I am mainly dependent on him for support. Enclosed you will find a letter addressed to him, so high (?) you will so kind as to forward. Should it be in your power to do something towards the release of my son, Frz Irsch, Capt. 45th Rt N.Y. Vol. you will much oblige and relief. Yours respectfully,". All items are lightly aged, yet free of defects. Fine condition.

U.S. War Department Pass To Fredericksburg, two pages, 4.25" x 3, Washington, D.C., May 19, 1864. A scarce pass made out to one Thomas Farrell to "...visit wounded Brotherinlaw...". The front of the card carries an embossed Quartermaster Department seal while the verso is imprinted with an Oath of Allegiance. Odd orange coloring perhaps to prevent forgeries. Minor fading, light wear to corners. Very good condition.

1864 Massachusetts 54th Regiment Enlistment Record. One page, 7.75" x 9.75", Folly Island, South Carolina, May 28, 1864. This document records that Stephen Warren Morehouse enlisted in the Massachusetts 54th Infantry, the famous black regiment depicted in the 1989 movie Glory. The document is accompanied by an envelope dated August 11, 1864, serving as proof of payment of enlistment. There are signatures across the front in blue, red, and brown ink approving the document. Morehouse was paid the sum of fifty dollars at the time of his enlistment, and this document clearly outlines every step of the recruitment procedure. The upper portion of the document states: "No. 363. Fort Green May 28th, 1864. I hereby Certify on honor, That Private Stephen W. Morehouse of Mealone N.Y. has been enlisted into Company E, 54th Regiment Mass. Vols., and duly mustered into the service of the United States."
This historic document is signed by Colonel E.N. Hallowell and Lieutenant Colonel H. Worthy Hooper of the 54th Regiment, Massachusetts. Edward N. Hallowell took over as the Colonel of the 54th regiment after the death of Col. Robert Gould-Shaw who died in July of 1863 during the ill-fated attack on Fort Wagner in South Carolina. Hallowell, in contrast to the fallen Shaw, treated his soldiers badly. One Virginia captain, George Washington Nelson, recalled later that when Hallowell was dissatisfied with his soldiers, "He would rise at them, knock and beat them over the head with his saber, or draw his pistol and shoot at them." It is this commandeering officer who has approved and signed the enlistment offered here. One interesting judgment that can be made is that Morehouse was white, because he was paid $50, when men were generally paid $25, black or white. This was also before Congress passed the equal pay law for African American soldiers later that year. Therefore, it is clear that he was one of the first white soldiers in an ordinarily all-Black regiment.
The history of the 54th Infantry is one of much heroism and advancement for African Americans. It was because of the valiant history of this infantry unit that men such as Stephen Morehouse joined the Union Army at all. During the Civil War, racial stereotypes and institutional discrimination against Blacks in the military restricted African Americans from service. By the fall of 1862, however, the lack of Union enlistments and high number of Confederate victories forced Lincoln to reconsider his policy on excluding Black enlistees. As a result, the 54th Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was founded, becoming the first all-Black Union regiment raised in the North. Colonel Shaw hesitantly accepted the leadership position, and began preparing his troops for the Battle at Fort Wagner. Strategically, a successful attack on Fort Wagner would allow Union Forces to seize control of Charleston Harbor, as well as taking Battery Gregg, a Confederate stronghold overlooking Fort Sumter. Thus, seizure of Fort Wagner was valuable because it enabled the Union the shell Sumter and close the harbor to Confederate blockade runners, thereby paving the way for further Union attacks on Charleston. On July 18, 1863, the 54th regiment attacked Fort Wagner while struggling through darkness, four-foot deep water, and marshland. As the smoke cleared, the Confederate army had maintained control, but the 54th regiment fought on. Colonel Shaw and most of his men were badly wounded or killed while attempting to charge the hill. This battle marked a major step forward for proving the gallantry of African American soldiers - their bravery forever changed the public perception of Black soldiers in the military. As a result of the 54th's existence, over 180,000 Black men enlisted under the Union flag between 1863 and 1865. The document is in very fine condition; usual folds are present; some very light creasing on the upper edge; minor edge wear.

Nathaniel Lyons Wartime Ribbon. This item reflects the unwavering Unionist sentiment demonstrated by St. Louis' large German immigrant population throughout the Civil War. "VORWARTS!" (FORWARD!) tops this 2" x 5" light blue silk ribbon paying homage to General Nathaniel Lyons and the 1861 "St.Louis Massacre" which was precipitated by his actions. Lyons, a staunch foe of secession, commanded Federal troops in Missouri and found himself at odds with the state's pro-Confederate governor, Claiborne Jackson. Upon learning that Missouri State Guardsmen planned to seize the Federal Arsenal in St. Louis, Lyons had the arms moved to Illinois. Rebel wannabes among the populace were furious, of course, and rioting erupted in the streets on May 10, 1861. A fair number of civilian casualties resulted as Lyons' troops restored order. Whether Lyons was despotic or patriotic depended on one's politics. Regardless, Missourians were polarized by Lyons and would spend the next four years prosecuting their enemies (and neighbors) with a ruthless brutality unbecoming of Victorian gentlemen. The ribbon has a likeness of Lyons sandwiched between "Thy Radicalism saved Missouri" and "Radicalism the only salvation". Dated May 10, 1863, this piece commemorates the second anniversary of the "massacre". Uneven top and bottom edges with two small pieces of silk adhering to the face of the ribbon. Light sun fading, else good eye-appeal. A rare item.

Union Soldier's Parole, Signed by the Soldier at Brashear City, Louisiana. This Union soldier's parole titled "Head Quarters, C. S. Forces, South of Red River," paroles Private Samuel Williams of the 4th Massachusetts Volunteers. Dated June 25, 1863, after given this "Parole of Honor" Williams agrees that he will not take up arms against the "Confederate States or their allies."

Organized at Lakeville, Massachusetts on September 23, 1862, this regiment moved to New Orleans, Louisiana in December of that year. On April 8, 1863 the regiment made their way to Brashear City where regimental records indicate it stayed until May 30. They took part in the siege of Port Hudson with a detachment from the regiment being sent back to Brashear City two days before this parole. This soldier was obviously part of the detail.

In good condition and nicely framed, this 7.5" x 4.5" certificate of parole is crudely signed by the soldier.

Broadside, "Don't Unchain the Tiger!", 12" x 19", published by the New York Workingmen's Democratic Republican Association, New York City, ca. 1863. Any prolonged conflict inspires a certain degree of social unrest and the Civil War was no exception. New York City, with its traditions of dirty politics, stampeding mobs and gang violence, was indeed poised to "unchain the tiger" of self-destruction. This broadside is an impassioned appeal to maintain order and obey the law. Very light aging, one horizontal fold and one turned up corner. Else very good condition.

1864 Abraham Lincoln Ballot Featuring the U.S.S. Kearsarge Sinking the C.S.S. Alabama on the face, 3" x 7.25", California, 1864. The verso of this imprint names Lincoln and Johnson in conjunction with various California Presidential Electors and San Francisco's Congressional candidate, Donald C. McRuer. By the summer of 1864 the Northern public was demoralized by the endless casualties generated by defeats and hollow victories. The Democratic Party under George McClellan advocated peace and was gaining steam as the November showdown with Lincoln and the Republicans loomed. On June 19, however, the U.S. Navy sank the Confederacy's most feared commerce raider and this gave Northerners a much-needed boost in morale. Placing a lithograph of the sinking on the ballot gave the voters a reminder that prosecuting the war was getting results.

Lithograph, The Defenders of Our Union, (New York: Kimmel & Forster, ca. 1865), framed to 19" x 24". This very late war patriotic lithograph is a composite of five ovals depicting Washington, Lincoln, Johnson, the Navy's top admirals and the Army's top generals. Military officers shown include Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Porter, Faragut and Dahlgren. Very light aging, else fine condition.

Lot of Twelve Civil War Contraband Covers. A wonderful selection of unused Civil War covers in remarkable condition depicting many examples of slaves as contraband and secession themes. Of particular note is an example that depicts a caricature of three slaves as minstrels with the caption "Music by the Contra-Band". Another example illustrates a black man polishing the boots of General Benjamin Butler with the caption "By golly Massa Butler, I like dis better dan workin' in de field for ole Sesesh massa". Yet another depicts a dancing black man smoking a cigar with the caption "Dis Chile's Contraban'". Each envelope is an average 5" x 3" in size. Four envelopes have minor glue residue on the reverse from having been mounted in a scrapbook. Otherwise they exhibit only some minor age toning.

A Lot of 65 Civil War Covers With Flag Themes A spectacular lot of 65 unused covers with a wide variety of colorful flag images. Of note are four full-front color image covers of American flags with different variations on the stars, numerous covers with variations of the Columbia with flag theme, several flag and Federal shield motifs, and flags and soldiers. Of interest is a New York Volunteer Militia cover, a Ft. Sumter themed cover, and a humorous cover showing the Union game cock and the secession "Shanghae". Most covers measure about 5.5" x 3.25", have slight age toning to paper, 35 have remnants of old glue on the back, else in very good condition with the colors still remaining bright.

Lot of 25 Unused Identified Civil War Generals and Officers Covers. A nice selection of covers with themes associated with general officers and officers primarily of the Union army. Several covers depict Generals George McClellan, Winfield Scott, Benjamin Butler, among others. Some have humorous images, including one particularly intriguing cover with what appears to be a depiction of fecal matter with the caption "To the Memory of General Dyer Rhea Price". Could the price in question be General Sterling Price? Most covers measure about 5.5" x 3.25", all covers exhibit some age toning to paper, six covers have remnants of glue spots on the back, else in very good condition.

Four Postally Used Union Patriotic Covers. Colorful Union patriotic covers are usually offered unused. The contents of this small group, however, have been stamped, canceled and inscribed. They include the following: Cover with manuscript cancelled 1857 three-cent stamp placed beside an imprint showing a flag-waving zouave advancing to Richmond. Addressed to Newark, IL; Cover with a Warren, IL postmark and a 3-cent rose stamp bearing a fancy cancel. A cartoon showing Winfield Scott and Jeff Davis as dogs likely to fight over Washington, symbolized by a rack of ribs. Addressed to Bosco Bell, WI; Cover with three-cent rose stamp tied by Washington postmark. This envelope has a banner reading UNION FOREVER with an eagle and shield below. Addressed to Millport, NY; Cover celebrating Iowa with three-cent rose stamp tied by St. Louis, MO postmark and addressed to Sigomney, Iowa; two additional non-stamped pre-war covers with Maine postmarks. All of the covers average very good condition.

Lot of Seven Union Army Corps and Division Patriotic Covers. A selection of seven unused covers with Union army military themes including a cover with a 1st Division, 5th Army Corps insignia, a cover with a 3rd Division, 6th Army Corps insignia, a state of Maine Volunteers cover, two covers with 9th Army Corps insignia and Columbia themes, and two purple envelopes, one with silver titles and one with gold titles made for the "U.S. Armies operating against Richmond, Va.". The covers measure about 5.5" x 3.25", retain their bright colors, exhibit some age toning to paper, all covers show evidence of glue spots on the reverse, some of which has bled to the front of a few covers, else in very good condition.

Selection of 35 Colorful Civil War Patriotic Unused Covers This lot offers a variety of Civil War era patriotic themes including many colorful variations of Columbia and the flag, Zouaves, soldiers, federal shields and battle scenes. Of note is a colorful image of a young Zouave, knife in one hand, flag in the other marching into battle with the caption "When thus our hosts go proudly forth, Let foes beware the Spirit of the North!". Another vividly colorful image depicts the American eagle fighting the snakes of the Confederacy with Andrew Jackson and Jefferson Davis looking on in the background. Most cover measure in the 5.5" x 3.25" range, retain their rich colors, exhibit some age toning to the paper, fully 28 of the covers show evidence of glue spots on the reverse which in some cased have slightly bled through to the front of the covers, else in very good condition.

Lot of 64 Civil War Patriotic Covers With Miscellaneous Themes A colorful assortment of Civil War-era covers portraying a variety of themes including battle scenes, political subjects, flag motifs, naval themes, and virtually every patriotic theme imaginable. Of note is a full-front color illustrated cover possibly depicting the Battle of Ft. Stevens in Washington, D.C. and another full-front illustrated cover with a naval theme and the caption "Hatteras - A Blow for the Union." Most covers measure about 5.5." x 3.25", have some light age toning to the paper, 40 covers have remnants of glue spots on the reverse side, in some cases the scrap book page has adhered to the glue when it was removed, else in very good condition.

Lot of 44 Unused Anti-Secessionist Patriotic Covers A fine selection of anti-secessionist covers including an envelope depicting a noose captioned "Good Noose for Traitors", a flag and cannon theme captioned "Death to Traitors", another patriotic theme with the caption "The Loyal States will have no Compromise with Traitors, Treason, and Treachery", and a cover depicting the devil standing behind a clergyman captioned "An eminent southern clergyman, during an eloquent discourse, is wonderfully assisted in finding scriptural authority for Secession and Treason, and divine ordination of Slavery." All covers average about 5.5" x 3.25", exhibit some age toning to paper, while six covers show evidence of glue spots on the reverse. Else all covers are in very good condition.

A Selection of 20 Civil War American Eagle Themed Covers A lot of 20 Civil War covers with American Eagle themes including an eagle with an American flag in one talon and a rattlesnake representing the Confederacy in the other talon captioned "The Eagle shall bear the Rattlesnake in his beak, and rend him with his talons.", a single-color cover with an eagle with a "Union Forever!" banner in its beak, surrounded by a banner with a star for each state and captioned in part "Not one Star, shall be taken out by the bluster of a few villainous Southern politicians...", a powerful and colorful image of an eagle atop a rock flanked by the American flag and a tattered Confederate flag, and many other equally as unique covers. Each envelope measures about 5.5" x 3.25", all covers are slightly toned with age, 12 exhibit remains of glue spots on the reverse, else all are in very good condition with colors remaining vivid.

Lot of 6 Lincoln Patriotic Covers A selection of six important Lincoln Civil War-era covers including a colorful and unique image of a flag-draped Lincoln as a comet in the heavens with the caption "Star of the north, or comet of 1861", a full-side engraving depicting a boxing match between Lincoln and Jefferson Davis captioned "Champion Prize Envelope Lincoln & Davis in 5 Rounds", a portrait of Lincoln surrounded by flags captioned "Whatever our Politics, the Constitution must be sustained", and three other equally interesting Lincoln-themed covers. Each envelope is about 5.5" x 3.25", with some age toning to paper, four of the six exhibit remains of glue spots on the reverse, else very good condition.

Eleven Confederate Issues of the Daily Richmond Examiner, a fine singlesheet (printed both sides, 17" x 24") publication from the capital of the Confederacy. The Examiner was founded in 1859 and lasted until 1867 when it merged with the Enquirer to become the Daily Enquirer and Examiner. During the war its principal editor was Edward Albert Pollard who supported the Confederacy but was openly hostile to Jefferson Davis. The dates included in this fine collection are as follows (stories mentioned are all front page):
December 15, 1862- "The Battle of Fredericksburg- Another Confederate Victory"
January 3, 1863- "Our Victory in the West. Our Victory complete the Enemy Routed and in Retreat...Four of Their Generals Killed..."
May 29, 1863- "Acts and Resolutions of the Congress of the Confederate States...An Act to Lay Taxes for the Common Defense..."
June 2, 1863- "From Fredericksburg...Hooker is on the move..."
July 10, 1863- "From General Lee's Army"
August 5, 1863- "Proclamation by the President of the Confederate States"
November 23, 1863- "Important from Tennessee- General Lonstreet at Knoxville- Burnside Retreating- His Army Demoralized- Twenty-two Hundred Yankees Captured"
February 8, 1864- "The War News- Richmond Threatened by the Enemy- The Yankees in Large Force at Talleysville"
March 14, 1864- "From Longstreet's Command" (this issue has damage with some paper loss)
May 7, 1864- "Desperate Battle Between the Two Armies in Virginia"
May 16, 1864- "The Situation on the Southside- Latest from General Lee's Army"
All issues (except as noted) are in very good condition. Because most of the nation's paper mills were in the North, these papers are printed on a lesser quality paper than often seen in Confederate papers of the period.

Incredible Collection of Civil War Union Newspapers consisting of approximately 50 complete issues from major northern cities including many with front page maps. Some of the highlights are as follows:
Philadelphia Inquirer- 5/23/1861 (map showing Confederate states); 7/07/1861 (drawing of sword given to McClellan by Philadelphia); 2/17/1862 (large map of Tennessee, Fort Donelson report); 4/10/1862 (large map of Southwest Operations, Shiloh reporting); 11/17/1863 (Map of Banks Texas Expedition); 2/25/1865 (large VICTORY map "Atlanta to Richmond"); 4/08/1865 (map of "Lee's Last Defeat"); 4/20/1865 (large graphics of Abraham Lincoln's funeral with slight damage); 5/15/1865 (Jefferson Davis in women's clothes).
New York Herald- 1/03/1863 (large map Murfreesboro); 9/20/1863 (map of Sabine Pass); 11/23/1863 (map Rio Grande).
Daily Evening Bulletin (Philadelphia)- 4/17/1865 (Lincoln's Assassination).
The World (Morning Courier & New York Enquirer)- 8/20/1861 (report on Bull Run).
Other titles include the New York Times, National Intelligencer (Washington DC), Essex County Mercury (Salem, Massachusetts), New York Tribune, and The Press (Philadelphia). Condition is generally very good. An excellent grouping of important first hand reporting from the turbulent 1861-1865 period, housed in two large custom binders.

Group Lot of Original Civil War Newspapers Including Nine Issues of Harper's Weekly (New York: Harper Brothers, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1876), about 12 pages each, elephant folio (11" x 15.5"), in overall good condition with the typical yellowing and chipping to pages due to the high acid content of the paper, some show evidence of having been folded. Of note is a May 4, 1861 issue with a full front page engraving of the bombardment of Ft. Sumter, an August 3, 1861 issue with details from the Battle of Bull Run, a July 25, 1863 edition with a full-page cover engraving of Maj. General Ulysses S. Grant, and a July 22, 1876 edition with news of the Custer massacre. Additionally there is a May 17, 1862 Frank Leslie's Illustrated 16 pages, elephant folio (10.5" x 16"), with a cover story on the surrender of Ft. Macon and a June 11, 1864 issue of The New York Herald. These latter two are in very good condition with the typical foxing to paper and some chipping around the extremities.

Two Philadelphia Newspapers With Gettysburg Content. The Public Ledger, two issues, 4 pages each, folio, July 1 and July 2, 1863. The Battle of Gettsyburg was raging to the southwest as these newspapers went to press. The outcome of the contest was as of yet uncertain. Interestingly, resolve to repel Lee seems to have triumphed over panic at the prospect of a rebel victory. The July 1 edition records that, "...the invasion, up to this period, Tuesday afternoon, seems to have been brought temporarily to a stand..."; the July 2 edition, echoing a New York journalist, states, "...whether Lee succeeds or not in his main design of his invasion of Pennsylvania, he will accomplish one thing, the destruction of the peace party...". Most of the Gettysburg news is on pages 2 and 3 of these papers. Commentary and news from the western campaigns is also covered. Aging, yet still supple. Good condition.

Hand-Tinted Civil War Engravings of Camp Life - The Pennsylvania Bucktails. Two beautifully hand-tinted engravings of camp life during the Civil War, these were composed and published by L. N. Rosenthal Company of Philadelphia in 1862. Both images are 10.5" x 5.5" and depict life in a wooded campsite with soldiers walking around the camp. They are identified as "Camp McNeal, 150th Regt Pa. Vs. (Bucktail) Col Langhorne Wister Commd" and the second "Camp McNeal, 149th Penna. Vol. Col. Roy Stone Commd." These two engravings are great contemporaneous and artistic depictions of Civil War camp life.

Berdan 1st U.S. Sharpshooters Broadside. Entitled "A list of the battles of the 1st regiment U.S. sharp shooters", the document lists 37 battles with remarks: "May 3, 1863, captured 400 prisoners...Maj. Hastings wounded (Chancellorsville) July 1 and 2 - Rebs in full retreat on the 4th (Gettysburg) May 12 grand charge of 2nd corps 8,000 prisoners and 9 pieces of artillery captured. (Spotsylvania)". Besides the list of 37 battles, two have been added in period pencil, making a total of 39. This broadside is signed in type "Corporal Isaac Smith Co. H., 1st V.S. Sharp Shooters, 3rd Div., 2 corps. Army of the Potomac, Virginia". The broadside measures 10.5" x 14.75" with archival tape which reinforces folds on the reverse. A rare and visually pleasing Berdan item.

Civil War Recruiting Broadside for the 34th N.Y. Regiment. "GOD AND OUR NATIVE LAND!" is the heading on this 11.5"x 17.5" medium size poster. Very patriotic in verse with eagle masthead it proclaims, "50 MEN WANTED To complete a Company to be attached to the 34th REG'T. Commanded by Col. Charles Durkee." The broadside goes on to list pay, clothing allowance, rations, bounty ($100) and even promises 160 acres of land to each recruit! Printed by Palladium Steam Presses in Malone, New York. Unfortunately, like many patriotic attempts we can find no record of this regimental company ever fulfilling its ranks. Durkee later became colonel of the 98th New York. This broadside is overall very good with only minor flaws and aging. It is an excellent example of the patriot spirit in October of 1861.

Civil War Recruitment: An Outstanding Large Poster from New Hampshire. This beauty features a classic American eagle carrying a streamer reading "Our Country's Flag Needs Defending." Dated July 12, 1862, it offers a $20 bounty from the command of the New Hampshire Volunteers, plus a month's pay in advance and an additional $100 bounty from the Federal Government to induce enlistment. As the rolls of casualties grew longer and longer, it became increasingly more difficult to entice young men into the service during the War.
This attractive piece measures an impressive 25" x 32", and is in very nice display condition. Some minor staining & slight edge roughness near lower right hand corner detract minimally. Very minor professional reinforcement of small tears on verso, virtually undetectable from the front.

Wartime Union Letter and Post-War Ephemera. A diverse lot consisting of the following items: ALS, one page, 5" x 8", Fort Monroe, Virginia, November 9, 1862. An official letter penned on 7th Army Corps stationery in which burial of the body of one Private James McGovern, Co. H, 9th Massachusetts Volunteers is discussed. Stains, very good condition; Pre-printed letter, one page, 8.5" x 11", on stationery of the Ohio Adjutant General's Office, circa 1880s. Complete with an engraved vignette of a Union soldier, this letter announces the publication of a Roster of Ohio Soldiers. Stains, very good condition; Typed Letter, two pages, 8.5" x 11", February 17, 1935, no place, to General R. A. Sneed, Oklahoma City. This anonymous letter discusses a "flag controversy" at a reunion in which the Grand Army of the Republic apparently did not approve of Confederate flags flying. Paper loss to top edge, browning, else good condition; Sons of Confederate Veterans Letter, one page, 8.5" x 11, ca. 1950s. A form letter promoting a book on the Stonewall Brigade. Browning to top, else fine condition.

President Lincoln Tribute Book, The Obsequies Of Abraham Lincoln In The City Of New York (New York: Edmund Jones & Co., 1866), 254 pages, 4to (7.25" x 10.5"), cloth, with tooled gold spine and front cover. The book is inscribed on the front free fly sheet, "J Whitaker Esq with compliments of Peter Masterson Old 13th Dist 1866". Historic narrative describes each ward's tribute to the slain president. This is intermingled with poetry and standard eulogies. Wear to cover with chipping to spine. Binding tight and internally sound. Overall very good condition.

Archive of Items Belonging to Civil War Surgeon Middleton Goldsmith of Vermont. A descendant of Declaration of Independence signer Arthur Middleton, Dr. Goldsmith came from a distinguished family. During the Civil War, he pioneered the use of bromine to treat gangrene, an advance which saved countless lives. He was also among the first to use disinfectant in the treatment of typhoid fever. Although his family came from Louisville, he found himself ostracized there after the war for his Union service. As a result, he moved his family to Vermont. A lengthy newspaper obituary detailing Goldsmith's distinguished career. This lot includes:
1. His green Civil War officer's sash, in excellent condition, with very old family label identifying it as his attached,
2. A beautiful, large 1/2 plate daguerrotype of Goldsmith,
3. Two circa 1880 family cabinet photos,
4. A carte de visite of his wife,
5. An 1870 appointment document, making him Vermont State Fish Commissioner, signed by the governor, and
6. An 1834 catalogue from the Medical College of Ohio & several early medical documents.

Confederate Double-Armed Soldier 1/6th Plate Ambrotype. This seated volunteer shoulders what appears to be a .69 caliber Model 1842 musket and, for action at close quarters, he holds a pocket revolver. He's also outfitted with a cap box, socket bayonet and cartridge box. The soldier's uniform is of a dark gray and has a single row of buttons, which might be Confederate infantry issue with a block "I" on the face. The subject's face and hands are lightly tinted. Houses in a leatherette case from which the lid has separated. Overall very good condition. This image came out of a Texas estate and is accompanied by a partially printed State of Texas Confederate widow's pension application that was never completed. A soldier who dies in 1875 - James Verdren Sams - is named and it is claimed that he was a member of the Beaufort (South Carolina) Volunteer Artillery from 1862 through 1865. Either this image is of Sams before he joined an artillery company or is of a relative.

Confederate 1/6th Plate Ambrotype depicting a rebel soldier ready for war. This fellow, likely a western volunteer, is outfitted in a distinctively Southern battle shirt and wears a belt rig secured by a classic Confederate frame buckle. The hilt of a side knife is visible as well. Some minor emulsion irregularities along the edge, one scratch in the field and tape along the case hinge. Overall excellent contracts and in very good condition.

Armed Confederate 1/6th Plate Ambrotype. Likely a cavalryman, this fellow is wearing an open gray shell jacket with 9 buttons visible above his arm. He's holding his revolver horizontally across his breast in the position favored my by many soldiers being photographed. Peeking out from his jacket is the holster. A pencil inscription on the case under the image identifies the subject as "W. H. Hall". Confederate cavalrymen recorded this way are known from the states of Georgia, Kentucky and Texas. Considerable haloing.

Identified Union Albumen Print and Anonymous Confederate Ambrotype. Framed 5" x 7.5" albumen studio portrait of 1st Lieutenant William A. Ashley, Co. "I", 10th Massachusetts Volunteers. The officer is wearing a nine-button frock coat and is armed with a Model 1850 foot officer's sword hanging from a belt secured by an M1851 sword belt plate. Matted in a deep period frame to an overall size of 12" x 14". The image has a hairline scratch descending from the top into the subject but does not detract. Two small stains in field, else very good condition with strong contrasts. Lieutenant Ashley was one of ten officers from the 10th Massachusetts who were killed in action during the regiment's three-year term. He met his end on May 5, 1864 at the Wilderness; The second image is a 1/6th plate studio ambrotype of young Confederate wearing a light gray shell jacket having Federal general service eagle buttons. Cased in a later wooden frame, this image can only be tentatively identified by an inscription on its cardboard backing which reads, "Mr. A. J. Connor Grotto N.C. CB1.98". Light scratches not affecting the overall appeal of the portrait.

Confederate General Beauregard Ferrotype, 1.25" x 1.75". This rare portrait was taken from life and shows P. G. T. Beauregard in what is probably his pre-war Federal uniform. Bordered with a miniature brass frame in the style of a conventional cased image. A few scratches in the field not affecting the subject, else very good condition. Included is an unidentified CDV of a standing Union officer with a J. Battersby, Chicago backmark beneath an Internal Revenue stamp. Clipped corners, very good condition.

Confederate Triple-Armed 1/6th Plate Tintype. Staring straight into the camera, this Johnny Reb is ready for war whether fighting the enemy from a line of battle or close-up. He holds a savage clip-point bowie knife and what appears to be a .69 caliber Model 1842 musket with bayonet fixed. His belt rig carries a holstered revolver and is secured by two roller buckles. The buttons on the subject's tight gray shell jacket appear to be three-piece staff buttons and have been painted gold by the photographer. The inside of the case behind the image carries two names in pencil: J.B. Stancill and A.B. Vaughn. Excellent surfaces for a tintype, Confederate or otherwise. Wear to the leatherette case as expected.

Two 1/6th Plate Tintypes of Armed Rascals. Each side of a gutta percha case houses a Civil War era portrait showing a rakish pistolero. One fellow has two full-size percussion revolvers whereas his colleague holds only one such weapon. Both gentlemen strike an odd pose by pressing a weapon muzzle-down into one of their own thighs. One cannot help but wonder if these fellows are outlaws, southern partisans, or simply gun lovers. Both images have a light blue halo around the edges and exhibit crazing. The case has a few minor chips and one split panel that needs repair. Overall good condition.

Civil War Albumen Salt Print of Identified Confederate Officer. This oval salt print portrait measures 6" x 8" and is mounted on the original 8" x 10" backing board. The portrait depicts a bearded Confederate officer in high-collar uniform. The reverse of the print has a Washington, D.C. portrait company stamp and the handwritten name "David Forrest". Research uncovered a "2nd Lieutenant David Crawford Forrest", enlistment date August 30, 1862, Richmond, Virginia, F Company, 2nd Maryland Infantry. The portrait is uniformly foxed and there is a small .75" tear to the backing board near the edge which doesn't affect the image. There is also a crease that runs through the left side of the portrait. The entire item is however in very good condition.

General James Longstreet Salt Print. 1.25" x 1.5" oval salt print image mounted to larger 2" x 4.25" card. This rare head-and-shoulders portrait shows General Longstreet wearing a double-breasted grey uniform coat. Penciled ID on lower margin, dealer's penciled notation on verso, light aging as expected with crisp edges. Overall very good condition.

Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard Carte de Visite with Quinby Backmark. A fine sharp image of General Pierre Gustave Toutant de Beauregard (1818-1893) with a Quinby & Co., Charleston, S.C. backmark. There is some uniform age toning to the CDV, remnants of glue on the reverse, and a previous owner has written Beauregard's name at the bottom of the image, else in near fine condition.

Confederate Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin Carte de Visite. A slightly age toned but clear image of Judah P. Benjamin (1811-1884) who served in many cabinet positions in the Confederate government. The reverse of this CDV is blank.

Confederate General John C. Breckinridge Carte de Visite. A fine image of John C. Breckinridge (1821-1875) in the uniform of a Confederate general. The stars and wreath of his collar insignia are sharply visible. Breckinridge had a varied political career including a term as vice president of the United States as well as an unsuccessful run for president in 1860. He participated in the Battle of New Market and in 1864 became secretary of war for the Confederacy. The CDV has evidence of glue spots on the reverse, else a fine image.

Two Capture of Jefferson Davis Cartes de Visite. Two whimsical CDVs depicting the capture of Jefferson Davis (1808-1889) by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia. As ever, Jeff is shown dressed in a woman's hoopskirt dress, perpetuating the myth surrounding his capture. Both CDVs are slightly faded and toned with age but the images are still clear.

Confederate General D. H. Hill Carte de Visite. A period CDV of General Daniel Harvey Hill (1821-1889), active is many battles including Seven Pines, Second Bull Run and Antietam. This image, though faded and age toned still clearly shows Hill in his general's uniform. The reverse of the CDV has no publishing or studio information. Extremely rare photograph of Hill in his Confederate general's uniform.

Confederate General John Bell Hood Carte de Visite. Confederate General John Bell Hood, the famed leader of the Texas Brigade appears here in this scare and nice CDV by Anthony. Measuring 2.5" x 4", this is a nice image of a Confederate hero ready for framing.

Exceptional Stonewall Jackson CDV with Vannerson & Jones Richmond Virginia Backmark. This sharp and extremely clear image of Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson (1824-1863) is in remarkable condition. A former owner has written his name on the reverse as well as the name of "Stonewall" Jackson. A very desirable CDV from a well-known southern photographic studio.

Early Albert Sidney Johnston CDV. This fine image clearly shows Albert Sidney Johnston (1802-1862) in the uniform of a Major General in the U.S. Army. At the outbreak of the Civil War Johnston resigned his position as commander of the U.S. Army of the Pacific in California and went on to form the Confederate Army of Mississippi. Johnston was killed at the Battle of Shiloh. This card was published by E. & H.T. Anthony, New York and is in near fine condition. Someone has written Johnston's name at the bottom of the card but interestingly misspelled his last name and corrected it.

Three Confederate Cartes de Visite - Lee, Davis, and Beauregard. A Confederate Trio: Commander, President, and General! Robert E. Lee starts off the group with a fantastic and iconic-looking side view in his grey Confederate uniform; his three stars are visible on the collar of his jacket. Lee hailed from one of the most distinguished families in Virginia. Lee's father, Light-Horse Harry, was a famous Revolutionary War soldier, and his wife, Mary Custis, descended from Martha Washington. He graduated second in his class from West Point in 1829, and then worked in the engineering department. Fighting with distinction in the Mexican War, in 1859 he put down John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry. After Virginia left the Union, he cast his lot with his native state and led his Army of Northern Virginia to many victories, including Second Manassas, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville. His ill advised attack on the center of the Union line at Gettysburg stopped his invasion of the North. He finally surrendered to Grant at Appomattox on April 9, 1865, and was paroled. Lee became president of Washington College [now Washington & Lee University], which is where he died and is buried. This fantastic image is in very fine condition; it would be hard to find a comparable example in this condition; minor foxing on emulsion; bears the Anthony imprint on verso; pencil notations on verso; no border; square corners.

The second item is a rather odd looking engraving of Jefferson Davis. Made by Duroni & Murer of Paris, this engraving bears little likeness to the Confederate President, who risked everything, and held fast to his belief in the South. Jefferson was unable to launch any sort of planned and strategic attack on the more organized and industrially backed Northern armies. In very fine condition; bears the Duroni & Murer imprint on the verso; pencil notations on verso; soiling on emulsion; no border; square corners.

The third image is of the Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard. General Beauregard was a Confederate commander and postbellum he became active in the railroad industry as well as supporting voting and civil rights of freed slaves. He was one of the eight full generals in the Confederate Army and after the defeat of the South he was one of the few high-ranking Confederates to support the rights of freed slaves. Shown here in his Union uniform, one which he would later trade in for the shades of grey worn by the Confederacy. Shown in staff officer's gear, Beauregard looks distinguished and brave in this shot. Bears the imprint of C.D. Fredericks on the verso. In very fine condition; several blemishes on the emulsion, not affecting the body of the General; ink notation on verso; no border; square corners.

General J.B. Magruder and Sterling Price Carte de Visite. This handsome CDV features two well-known Confederate officers; John Magruder and Sterling Price. Magruder and Price are shown sitting among a group of five men, all looking very distinguished and dapper. There is text in the emulsion, however, it has become a bit muddled and is therefore unreadable. Both men, after fighting valiantly for their cause in the Confederacy, would flee to Mexico to avoid the backlash from Union forces. Bearing an Anthony/Brady imprint on the verso, the CDV is in very fine condition; light overall toning; several ink notations on recto; double lined gilt border.

Gray Ghost J.S. Mosby Carte de Visite. A particularly clear and sharp image of John S. Mosby, celebrated Confederate guerrilla fighter in his major's uniform. Mosby (1833-1916) conducted guerrilla activities behind Union lines with his small group of men who became known as "Mosby's Rangers". The reverse of the CDV is blank.

General JEB Stuart and General Fitzhugh Lee Cartes De Visite - The Two Great Confederate Cavalrymen. These two cartes de visite, one of Confederate General JEB Stuart, famed cavalry commander under General Robert E. Lee, the other of General Fitzhugh Lee, Robert E. Lee's nephew. Both are 2.5" x 3.75" and are in excellent condition, the Stuart image with a penciled 'JEB Stuart', the Lee picture with his name in block lettering. Displayed in a matted frame, these two images capture the essence of Confederate cavalrymen.

James Ewell Brown (JEB) Stuart was Virginia-born-and-bred, West Point Class of 1854 and a hardened veteran even before the Civil War. Stuart was an Indian fighter and after seeing action in "Bleeding Kansas", he was sent to Harper's Ferry as a Union officer, ordered by Robert E. Lee to crush John Brown's rebellion. Resigning his commission in May 1861, by October of that year he would have his own brigade and be promoted to Brigadier General.

Within months General Stuart would have a fresh Virginia Lieutenant Colonel in his command, Fitzhugh Lee. Robert E. Lee's nephew, Fitzhugh had served in the Union army as well, West Point Class of 1856. Honored for his gallantry under General Joseph Johnston, Lee was ordered to Stuart's 1st Virginia Cavalry. Promoted to Major General in September 1863, Lee continued cavalry commands at Kelly's Ford, and in the Wilderness and Petersburg Campaigns until his mentor General Stuart was killed at Yellow Tavern. Lee himself was taken out of action after being seriously wounded at the battle of Third Winchester. At the end of the war, he commanded the whole of his uncle's Confederate Cavalry.

Lee had followed in the footsteps of perhaps the most famous cavalry officer of the war in JEB Stuart. Stuart led the largest cavalry engagement on US soil at Brandy Station and bedeviled the Union troops at Petersburg, riding circles around McClellan's army. He gave the South a much needed morale boost in his dashing cape and plumed hat which can be seen in this carte de visite. At Gettysburg amid some confusion, Stuart became detached from General Lee's lines of communication and, as Lee would say of the fateful day, in Stuart he had lost his "eyes and ears." Stuart gave his life for the Confederacy when he was mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern. This unique pairing of cartes de visite couples the two stars of Confederate cavalrymen.

Rare CDV from Tennessee State Penitentiary. Used as a P.O.W. prison and site of Champ Fergerson's hanging, the Tennessee State Penitentiary is captured in this rare CDV, showing the outside of the penitentiary and its walls. Photographed by T. M. Schleier in Nashville. The reverse reads, "The state prison of Tennessee located at Nashville, Tenn. - saw Champ Ferferson hung here". Fine, strong image.

Dealers Lot of Thirty Confederate States Related Cartes de Visite. Seven "from life" photographs and twenty-three engravings make up this fine lot of Confederate related subjects. Included are: Jefferson Davis, Joseph Johnston, Wade Hampton, Alexander Stephens, P.G.T. Beauregard, Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, Richard Ewell, John Mason, John Slidell, Robert Toombs, John B. Floyd, Braxton Bragg, Louis Wigfall, James Longstreet, Felix Zollicoffer, and William Simms. A fantastic grouping of military and political figures! All in fine or better condition; most exhibit moderate to light soiling and toning on both sides; pencil notations on several; some missing corners.

Twenty-One Confederate States Related Cartes de Visite. Contains eight "from life" photographs and thirteen engravings; all depicting prominent figures in the Confederacy. Included are: Jefferson Davis (x4); a Davis and Greeley jugate CDV; John C. Breckenridge (x2); Robert E. Lee (x2); Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson (x2); James Longstreet; P.G.T. Beauregard (x2); Sterling Price (x2); John Morgan; Richard Anderson; Ben McCullough; George Pickett; and George Crittenden. Various imprints include: E. Anthony, C.D. Fredericks, C.L. Cramer, and Vannerson & Jones. All are in fine or better condition; light soiling and moderate toning effect most; pencil notations and ink notations on several. Overall a fine selection and in excellent condition. Confederate CDVs are always scarce and to get a group of this breadth and in nice condition is surely a find!

Lot of Four Cartes de Visite of Confederate Personalities. This lot includes CDVs of Jefferson Davis, John C. Calhoun, Alexander H. Stephens, Robert E. Lee, and to balance things, Salmon P. Chase (in fact no Southern connection but Lincoln's secretary of the treasury). All images are bright and in very good condition with the exception of some age toning to the Jefferson Davis and a small worn spots on the Lee CDV.

Identified and Anonymous Confederate Officer CDVs. Carte de visite of Captain William A. Pegram, Company "F", 21st Virginia Infantry, P.E. Gibbs, Richmond, Virginia backmark. Pegram, who enlisted as a private in 1861, became a company commander on May 20, 1863. He came up from Virginia to re-join Lee's Gettysburg as it retreated from Gettysburg and was killed leading a charge in Williamsport, Maryland on July 7, 1863. The youthful Pegram is shown in the full regulation uniform of a Confederate captain in this image taken shortly before his death. Of special interest is the two-piece "CS" plate on his belt rig. Some crazing to the emulsion, minor wear and a pencil ID on the verso. Very good condition. This excellent CDV was published in Bill Turner's "Confederate Faces", page 81, Vol. II; The second CDV is a studio portrait of a Confederate major wearing a double-breasted frock coat having 14 staff buttons and regulation insignia. He holds a kepi having a very dark band, suggesting that he might be a surgeon. No backmark, light aging as expected, fine condition.

Union Corporal Cased 1/6th Plate Ambrotype With 12th Corps Badge. A bully Yankee corporal lifts a glass of brandy in either celebration or anticipation of great deeds on the field of battle. He wears a four-button sack coat emblazoned with two chevrons and on his breast is pinned a star signifying membership in the 12th Army Corps. An informative kepi rests on a side table. On its crown is "109 PV", which identifies this soldier to the 109th Pennsylvania Volunteers, which served in both the Army and the Potomac and the Army of the Cumberland. The regiment collectively saw the elephant in every major engagement from Cedar Mountain to Bentonville. The image is lightly tined with blue on the uniform, gold on the buttons and even orange for the brandy. A remarkable portrait altogether. Haloing, else very good condition.

New Hampshire 1/4th Plate Ruby Ambrotype. This fine studio portrait shows a Union corporal wearing a nine-button frock coat, the left sleeve of which carries corporal's chevrons. He holds his kepi, crown-up to reveal an infantry bugle insignia and unit designation for Co. A, 15th New Hampshire Volunteers. The image is housed in a gutta percha case by Littlefield & Parsons Co. Although quite clear, the photograph exhibits substantial haloing and has a horizontal crack above the subject's knees. Overall very good condition. Images with clear regimental and company insignia are quite scarce. The 15th New Hampshire was a 9-month regiment organized in Concord. Its served its term in Louisiana, with the regiment's most notable campaign being the siege of Port Hudson.

Group of Five Federal Soldier Cased Images. Five anonymous defenders of the Union are included as follows: Standing officer, probably a captain, 1/6th plate tintype, shown with foot officer's sword and belt rig. Camp scene backdrop in studio with an American flag draped over a side table. Decent surfaces. Case lid is separated, else fine condition; 1/9th plate ruby ambrotype of a New York sergeant. Several New York regiments wore grey uniforms early in the war. This fellow's jacket sports New York State Seal staff buttons. In gutta percha case. Very fine condition; 1/6th plate tintype of a young infantryman. A high quality tintype that looks like an ambrotype.A Hardee hat carrying an infantry bugle and the letter "F" rests on a table next to the subject. Very fine condition; 1/6th plate tintype of a seated enlisted man. Behind the subject is a studio camp scene backdrop. Some emulsion loss, slightly crinkled surfaces. Very good condition; 1/9th plate tintype in gutta percha case, tinted light blue vest, pink flesh tones. The sitter wears a kepi having insignia and an overcoat. In gutta percha case. Crazing to emulsion, very good condition.

Very Scarce Full Plate Tintype of Identified Union Soldier in Full Regalia. This wonderful image is mounted in a period oval frame measuring 12" x 14". The image is still clear and shows in minute detail his uniform, kepi, musket, sling, bayonet, belt plate, and cap box. Hand-written on the reverse (in a more modern hand) is "This is Charley Hutchins of Fremont, Indiana. He went to the Civil War and never returned. Nobody ever knew what happened to him". There is some chipping to the wooden frame and some age toning and a small 2" tear to the mat surrounding the image.

Gem Size Tintype of Union Officer and Contraband Child. A gem-sized tintype of an unidentified Union officer and a Black child in uniform. The tintype is exceptionally clear and the officer's uniform, sword, belt plate and kepi and all in sharp detail. The young boy is wearing a uniform and hat and is likely the officer's servant. The image is held in the original decorative card holder measuring 2.5" x 4" which resides in a clear protective plastic case.

Pair of 1/6th Plate Tintypes Each Picturing Two Armed Infantrymen. In the first image both soldiers stand at attention with their muskets and bayonets attached. One soldier has a pistol in his belt. The brass shoulder scales, breastplates, and buckles are tinted gold. Case included (with faults).

The second image shows a sergeant with blue tinted chevrons standing with an officer in double breasted coast and large colt tucked under his belt. Both have their swords. Tin is very clear but has a number of slight creases. Included case is poor. A very displayable pair.

Great 1/6th Plate Tintype Showing Union Brothers From Ohio. A penciled inscription behind the image dates it to 1864 and identifies the sitters as John and James Birch. Although no regimental information is given, these young men clearly hail from the Buckeye State because one of them is wearing an OVM (Ohio Volunteer Militia) belt plate. Under magnification the plate is crystal clear, making this quite a scarce and desirable photograph. The brothers are also wearing 9-button shell jackets and kepis. The tintype is in excellent condition with stable, crack-free emulsion and good surfaces. The case lid has a diagonal crack and there are small chips throughout.

Identified Cased 1/4th Plate Ohio Civil War Soldier Tintype. A pencil inscription reading "F Overlander" is on the verso of the velvet pad lining the front of the image's case. The tintype surfaced in East Palestine, Ohio and the subject has been identified as one Ferdinand Overlander, a trooper in the 10th Ohio Cavalry. He is shown wearing a 4-button sack coat typical of those issued to late war Federal cavalrymen from the Midwest. Overlander poses against a background painted with martial trappings, including a Sibley tent. Housed in a gutta percha case having molded floral designs. Overall very good condition.

Union Soldiers With Greenback 1/4th Plate Tintype. A rare and unusual portrait of three extremely young Yankees in sack coats, one of whom is holding what appears to be a greenback dollar. The photographer lightly tinted this image with the era's usual gilt buttons and pink cheeks. The central figure is also holding a limp green-tinted rectangle that is the size of folding money. Another soldier is holding a thin object that looks suspiciously like a large coin. Is it possible that these fellows are posing with an enlistment bounty? A nice clean image. Wear to the highpoints of the case, else fine condition.

Armed Union Private 1/6th Plate Tintype. The resolute young soldier is this scarce image is well-armed with an imported Austrian Lorenz rifle and its wickedly long sword bayonet. A knapsack and heavy wool overcoat suggest that the subject is about to embark on a winter campaign. The image looks quite clean to the naked eye, however under high magnification there are numerous tiny spots on the emulsion. Overall very good condition. In half case missing lid.

Union Soldier 1/6th Plate Tintype. This full standing portrait of a Union enlisted man is taken in front of a studio backdrop featuring tents amid a rugged landscape. The soldier is wearing a 9-button frock coat. His kepi sports insignia - possibly a corps badge - affixed to the chinstrap. Good surfaces, however dark haloing is present. Housed in a period case with the front lid separated. Overall very good condition.

Identified 1/6th Plate Cased Tintype of an Ohio Cavalry Sergeant. Civil War images are usually identified by a note slipped behind the portrait. This photograph, however, owes its identity to a "J BERRY OHIO" neatly pressed directly onto the back of the matt. The subject is likely John R. Berry of Company "D", 10th Ohio Cavalry and the portrait would have been made prior to his June 14, 1864 promotion to 2nd Lieutenant. Sergeant Berry is shown holding a Model 1840 cavalry saber and wears regulation brass shoulder scales. His kepi rests on the table beside him. Gold, red and blue tints have been used here to almost create the illusion of a color image. A light brown thermoplastic case by Littlefield, Parsons & Co. houses the tintype and is molded on both covers with an eagle holding a scroll reading CONSTITUTION AND THE LAWS. A few emulsion cracks are visible when the picture is angled, else fine condition. The case remains intact with some wear on the high points.

Rare 1/4th Plate Tintype Showing Union Cavalry Troopers Engaged In - Er - Horseplay! This staged image captures a rollicking, human side of Civil War soldier that is generally absent in the stiff formal portraits of the day. The central figures are two Union cavalry troopers engaged in a mock confrontation. Each is armed with a pocket revolver and a side knife at the ready. A third trooper stands behind them with drawn saber while a fourth shadowy figure is seen along the periphery of the image. No case, some stains and light abrasions.

Massachusetts Civil War Soldier 1/6th Plate Cased Ambrotype. This Union soldier, although unidentified as an individual, is certainly a son of Massachusetts. Since the photographer didn't slap gilt paint on the uniform buttons in this image, a three-piece Massachusetts staff button is visible under magnification. It is of the arm and sword variety. Also, pinned to the velvet lining on the case lid is a copper veterans' badge, the hanger of which reads 3RD MASS. INFANTRY ASSOCIATION. A small canteen is suspended beneath this and has the popular post-war slogan WE DRANK FROM THE SAME CANTEEN on both sides. The 3rd Massachsetts Volunteers were a 12-month regiment and served exclusively in Eastern North Carolina. The portrait here shows considerable haloing, however the subject remains unaffected. The case is typically worn with a somewhat loose spine.

Triple-armed 1/6th Plate Ambrotype of Pennsylvania Cavalryman. Weapons, an identified soldier and nice condition make this a highly collectible Civil War photograph. ,A penciled notation in the case behind this fine image reads "Isaac C Davis 15 P V C". Young Davis enlisted as a private in Company "B", 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry on August 22, 1862 and was in for the ride of his life. Starting with the Battle of Stone's River in the winter of 1862, he campaigned continuously through East Tennessee, Southwestern Virginia and into Western North Carolina. His wartime experiences drew to a close as he participated in Stoneman's Raid and the pursuit of defeated Jefferson Davis. Private Davis earned his corporal's chevrons two years after enlistment and survived to muster out of service on June 21, 1865. This portrait was probably taken soon after enlistment in 1862. Davis wears a cavalry shell jacket with eagle buttons down its front. His Model 1860 cavalry saber hangs from a rig having a super clear M1851 sword belt plate. His firearms include a shiny.44 Colt Army revolver and what is either a Sharps or Smith carbine. Despite his formidable armament, Private Davis radiates the uncertainty that is shared by all men going to war. The image has three small areas of emulsion loss in the fields that do not detract. The surfaces are otherwise exemplary. The case has moderate wear and a somewhat loose spine as if someone looked often upon this portrait..

Armed Union Artilleryman 1/6th Plate Tintype. Looking neither cocky nor afraid, this matter-of-fact Yankee soldier seems ready to man his field piece in defense of the Union. He stands at attention with both hands resting on the pommel of a drawn Model 1840 light artillery saber. The fellow's uniform boasts brass shoulder scales and is trimmed with the appropriate red piping that compliments the crossed cannon on the crown of his kepi. He is the perfect artilleryman. If that isn't enough, the subject stands before a highly detailed photographer's backdrop on which is a colored 34-star flag, a distant star fort, a marching infantryman and a sea of tents. The only "defects" here are the high points of the case showing wear and the front cover which has separated. This is a Union image that will display extremely well.

Double-armed New York 1/6th Plate Tintype. This fellow's narrow gaze and casual display of weaponry indicates that he meant business, by God. His jacket displays the shoulder straps characteristic of New York volunteer uniforms and it probably has State Seal buttons under the gilt. Regimental and company designations are on the kepi, however the angle makes it impossible to read them. This Yankee's belt rig is held in place by a beautiful sword belt plate having the letters "NY" in Old English script. Images of this plate are much rarer than those showing SNY ovals, which are scarce enough in their own right. The photographer gilded the edges of the plate, but fortunately restrained himself from covering the whole piece in gold paint. Tucked into the soldier's belt is a Remington revolver. Behind the firearm one can see the hilt of a large bowie knife. The surfaces of the image are superb, lacking the defects suffered by so many tintypes that have been poorly taken care of over the years. The case shows considerable wear on its high points and the front is separated. Overall a splendid military portrait enhanced by a positive state ID.

George B. McClellan 1/6th Plate Tintype From An Engraving. A very unusual item that possibly dates to "Little Mac's" 1864 presidential bid against Republican incumbent Abraham Lincoln. Although gem-size ferrotypes of McClellan are familiar to collectors, here is a conventionally sized cased image that was unconventionally taken from an engraved portrait rather than from life. Housed in a brown thermoplastic case sporting geometric elements.This particular design was made by Scovill Manufacturing Company and is #256 in the Krainik reference guide to Union cases. The image has a few emulsion scratches that do not effect the portrait. A small nick and a larger area of plastic loss are along the lower outside border of the case.

Photograph with General Grant and Staff Featuring Colonel Ely Parker. Parker, at right, a Seneca Indian, is quite rare in photos. He transcribed the terms of surrender of General Lee's army at Appomattox Court House in 1865. Some of the others in the photo include Generals Rawlins, Comstock, Dunn, and Morgan. Photo is 6" x 4" laid down on a 14" x 11" piece of cardboard.

Group of Seven Stereoviews of Charleston, S.C. Four yellow mount, three orange mount. They are as follows:
1. A view of East Battery looking north by Quinby
2. Market Hall by Holmes Book House - King and Wentworth St., Charleston
3. Stockade on Morris Island where rebel prisoners were confined - War for the Union series
4. East Battery looking south by S. T. Souder 265 King St., Charleston
5. Meeting and Broad St. showing St. Michaels Church by O. Pierre Havens, Savannah
6. View of Ft. Sumter - no publisher, and
7. Remnants of the original "Swamp Angel" Gun, Morris Island - War for the Union photographic history.

Civil War Baseball Stereoview. Stereo card measuring 7" x 3.5", E. & H. T. Anthony, New York, backmark, negative by Brady & Co., Washington, number 2496 of unknown number, clear and in fine condition. The reverse is captioned "Camp Sports, 13th N.Y. Artillery Playing Ball, before Petersburgh, Virginia".

O'Sullivan Albumen From Gardner's "Sketchbook". Albumen print, "Guard Mount, Head-Quarters Army Of The Potomac", by Timothy O'Sullivan (Washington: Alexander Gardner, 1866). This image, 16.75" x 12" (including mount), from Gardner's hugely successful Photographic Sketchbook of the War shows a company of Collis's Zouaves on parade in a Virginia camp. Good tonal contrasts and much detail under magnification. Browning to original matt from sun exposure, else fine condition. The fancy zouaves shown here with their brass band were members of the renowned 114th Pennsylvania Infantry.The regiment was active in every major eastern campaign from Fredericksburg through Petersburg. O'Sullivan's composition captures the spit and polish of this elite unit.

O'Sullivan Albumen From Gardner's "Sketchbook". Albumen Photograph, "HEADQUARTERS MAJ. GEN. GEORGE G. MEADE, DURING THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG," by Timothy O' Sullivan (Washington: Alexander Gardner, 1865), 15.5" x 12.25" (including original mat). This image was part of Gardner's photographic series, Incidents of the War. The print retains strong, attractive tonal contrasts without fading. Fine condition. The modest farmyard depicted here is anchored by the Leister House, which sits upon the Taneytown Road.

President Abraham Lincoln Funeral Train Framed Photo Beautiful mounted and framed wet-plate albumen showing the funeral train just outside of Philadelphia, soon after the start of its 13-day, 1,600-mile journey from Washington, D.C. to Springfield, Illinois. The photograph has wonderful detail and shows the entire train with a group of bystanders as well as a man holding an oil can. 22" x 19" overall, excellent condition.

38th Massachusetts Infantry Image. Framed albumen print, 3" x 4.25", on inscribed mount, 6" x 8" overall, showing five confident Union soldiers. A wonderful visual catalog of Union insignia, headgear and accouterments. One fellow even has the regimental number on his kepi. The inscription below the men reads, "Non Commissioned Staff. 38th Regiment Mass Vols. Hospital Chief. Sergt.Comisry (?), Steward Musician. Major Sergt. Sergt.".From the siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana to the Battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia to Sherman's final campaign in the Carolinas, the 38th Massachusetts was there. This hard-fighting volunteer regiment was organized on August 24, 1862 and mustered out on July 15, 1865. This image will be worthy of further research. Water stains on the matt and some chipping to the wooden frame, else an unfaded, clear portrait with good tonal contrasts.

Union Naval Officers Imperial Albumen Print. Large and exquisitely detailed image showing nine junior naval officers seated on the front porch of a clapboard public building. Their rank insignia and, indeed, even their uniform buttons are crystal clear, however positive identification will require further research. The photograph, 12" x 10" overall, is signed "Benedict, Photographer" in print below the image. A penned signature, "Mrs. John W. Walker", and a penciled location, "Fredericksburg", are on the verso. Moderate browning with minor chips to the matt.

Civil War Era Brass Band Albumen. Fifteen bandsmen pose outdoors in this wonderful 8" x 5.5" albumen print on a slightly uneven 9.5" x 7" mount. Although military in appearance, these gentlemen are not dressed in regulation musicians' uniforms. Rather, they have frock coats adorned with martial buttons and braided sleeves. A few small marginal stains, else very good condition.

Pair Of Fine Edwin Booth Cartes de Visite. Edwin Booth (1833-1893), American actor and brother of John Wilkes Booth it two poses. One, from Brady's National Portrait Gallery is an excellent image of a somber Booth looking straight at the camera. Both CDVs are in very good condition.

Two Scarce Naval Officer Cartes de Visite. Commodore John Goldsborough (light soiling, top corners rounded) and Lieutenant Cushing, an Anthony in beautiful shape.

George Armstrong Custer Wartime CDV, John Goldin & Co., Washington, D.C. backmark. The normally flamboyant Custer is here shown in a rather subdued major general's uniform. This late war image was likely taken while Custer was directing cavalry operations in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. Wear to edges, moderate soiling on verso and a dealer's pencil notation. Overall very good condition.

Commanders of the 4th Army Corps Carte de Visite. On October 9, 1863, the 4th Army Corps (Army of the Cumberland) was formed from many veteran fighting brigades. The division took part in numerous battles and campaigns, and saw many excellent officers in its control. Some of the major battles the unit was involved in were: Missionary Ridge, New Hope Church, the Siege of Atlanta, and the Occupation of Texas. In this photograph eight division officers are pictured. From right to left, starting with the seated row: Samuel Beatty, Thomas J. Wood, David Stanley, Nathan Kimball. Standing: W.S. Elliot, unidentified, S.B. Bradley, Emerson Opdyke. All in full uniform, wearing double-breasted coats, and several wearing cavalry boots. An excellent photograph of one of the Union's most rugged and distinguished units. In very fine condition; Morse's Gallery of the Cumberland imprint on verso; pencil notations on verso; ink notations on recto; image very clean and crisp; double lined gilt border; square corners.

Abraham Lincoln With Tad Lincoln Carte de Visite. This timeless photograph is one of the most beloved of Lincoln images. It was taken in the Brady studios on February 9, 1864 and shows the President reading with his son, Tad. A small oval print is here placed on a white matt embossed with stock patriotic motifs of the period. Browning and light stains, else very good condition.

Pair of Cartes de Visite Featuring George McClellan and Staff. The first of the pair is an Anthony/Brady imprint of General McClellan standing with three members of his staff. "Little Mac" stands with his hand in his jacket looking very Napoleonic! Brady imprint on front and Anthony/Brady imprint on back In very fine condition; light overall toning; moderate dampstaining on both sides.

The second image bears an A. Gardner imprint on the front, but no back imprint. This image also features McClellan surrounded by fellow officers, however, in this case he is shown on the battlefield near a large tent. An excellent image of the man "in action". Also in very fine condition; light age toning overall; small piece missing from the left edge; has a fine double lined gilt border.

Wartime Elmer Ellsworth Display Carte de Visite backmarked "J. Gurney & Sons, N.Y. in the Aid of the U.S. Sanitary Commission at the New York Metropolitan Fair April 1864". The U.S. Sanitary Commission was soldier's relief agency that was largely financed by private contributions and fund-raising events. The 1864 New York fair was the largest of these with an incredible display of war trophies and patriotic relics on hand. This view shows a section of the fair devoted to the memory of Colonel Elmer Ellsworth, the doomed spit-and-shine commander of the elite New York Fire Zouaves. Central to the display are Ellsworth's portrait and his uniform. Light aging, else very good condition overall. An extremely rare image.

General Sherman and his Generals Carte de Visite. General Sherman was an accomplished general for the Union during the Civil War, although he did receive some criticism for his actions, such as his "scorched earth" policy and his reported nervous breakdown. This CDV features Sherman seated in the middle of his staff officers. Each one has been identified in ink underneath the image. Pictured are: Oliver Howard, John Logan, William Hazen, Jefferson C. Davis, Henry Slocum, J.A. Mower, and Francis Blair. This photo might have been signed by Mower on the verso, but research of his signature has proved sparse. At any rate, this is a fine exquisite photograph of the man who many called "The First Modern General" and his trusted officers. In very fine condition; crisp and dark emulsion; double lined gilt border; square corners; ink notations on recto and verso; Anthony/Brady imprint; 2-cent proprietary stamp on verso.

Pair of Staff Photographs - General Sherman & Gov. Buckingham. This pair of cartes de visite feature two groups of staff officers and their commander. The first is Sherman and his officers. Pictured are: Oliver Howard, John Logan, William Hazen, Jefferson C. Davis, Henry Slocum, J.A. Mower, and Francis Blair. Interestingly, Howard, on the far left, can be seen with his empty sleeve tucked into his coat. Howard lost his arm in 1862 at the Battle of Fair Oaks. This photograph has several condition issues, but none which detract terribly from the overall power of the image. Light overall toning and soiling on both sides; small area of foxing on the right edge of recto; emulsion missing and chipped on the left edge; pencil notations on verso; no imprint; no border. The second photograph features Governor Buckingham and his staff. Buckingham was Governor of Connecticut during the Civil War years. Here he is seated amongst several officers, presumably from his home state! Pictured are: Col. Bond, Col. Child, Col Matson (all standing), Gen. Fitch, Gen. Morse, Gen. Aiken, Col. Osgood. This image is also riddled with a few condition issues: rounded corners from wear and storage; moderate soiling on recto; small crack on left edge in emulsion; bears the Bundy & Stoddard imprint on verso; no border.

Fort Taylor Carte de Visite. Located near Key West, Florida, Fort Taylor is a Historical Landmark and National Park currently. In its time it was a Civil War era fort and a served as an obstacle for Confederate blockade-runners. The Fort was once surrounded completely by water, and this is visible by the stark white foreground of the CDV. The verso bears a D. Moffat imprint as well as a handwritten identification of the Fort. In very fine condition; light overall toning on the emulsion; bears a handsome double lined gilt border.

Five Uniformed Cartes de Visite of Benjamin Butler. Butler's military career began long before the Civil War; he served in the Massachusetts Militia as a third lieutenant beginning in 1839. Most of his promotions and service, however, were based on his political position and gave him little experience and training for his upcoming struggle in the Union Army. Of the five CDVs offered here, four are of Butler in his Union "blues" and the other is of a slim and trim Butler in his militia gear. The four Union uniform shots show Butler wearing the trappings of a Major General; two stars on his shoulders, the staff officer double breasted coat with nine buttons, however, the ornate decoration on his cuffs and collars are not regulation, and no doubt a personal flair from Butler himself! These four also all bear the Anthony/Brady imprint on the verso. The earlier, skinnier photograph bears no imprint. All in fine or better condition; most suffer from light toning and discoloration on the emulsion.

Dealers Lot of Thirty-Six Ulysses S. Grant Cartes de Visite. This fantastic trove contains thirty-six individual CDVs of President and General Ulysses S. Grant. Twenty-six of the CDVs are engravings and artists renderings of original photographs; the other ten are actual photographs from life. This is a large lot with a plethora of subjects, including portraits, family, and military. Majority of these have condition issues, but none of a nature that ruin the overall integrity and character of the images. Most have trimmed corners; light overall soiling and some exhibit moderate tape lift. A great opportunity for a dealer or collector to gather a large group of images in one swoop!

Five Cartes de Visite of Ulysses S. Grant. Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885), eighteenth President (1869-1877), served in the Mexican War, but made his mark in the Civil War. He won the first significant Union victory at Fort Donelson. At Shiloh, he took heavy losses but won, and in July 1863 forced Vicksburg to surrender. He fought Lee throughout Virginia, including the Wilderness and Petersburg, and accepted his surrender at Appomattox. He won the 1868 Presidential election, and in office continued Reconstruction, signed a gold currency law, and saw the Panic of 1873. His administration was affected by several scandals, though Grant was never involved. In true timely fashion, he finished his memoirs a week before he died. These five images are all uniformed images of the great General and leader. Three are of a younger, slimmer man, wearing his dark blue uniform. One is of a much older and distinguished looking Grant, and the final one is of Grant looking rather plump and pensive. Perhaps the most unique of the five is an image of Grant seated on a porch with his wife and son. The ornate and decorative chair seems out of place in this rustic looking setting. All photos are in very fine condition; light soiling on recto and verso; most have double lined gilt border; square corners. A superb group in near pristine shape!

Abraham Lincoln Memorial Cartes de Visite: A Fine Collection of 24 Some quite unusual varieties are included in this nice collection. Condition is very good to excellent overall, with the majority in excellent condition.

Six Lincoln-related CDVs. Each of the Cartes de Visite images here is inscribed on the verso as follows: "Purchased at Oak Ridge Cemetery Springfield, Ill Dec. 5th, 1865 by Henry A. Whitney". Whitney mustered out of the 33rd Illinois Infantry in Vicksburg, Mississippi with the rank of Sergeant on November 24, 1865. It would seem likely that he was a great admirer of Lincoln's and made a side pilgrimage to the slain president's tomb while returning home to Milford, Illinois. The CDVs include "President Lincoln And Family", "George Washington", ""President Lincoln's Tomb", "President Lincoln's Tomb - Interior View", "Home of President Lincoln - Springfield, Ill", and "President Lincoln's First Home in Illinois". The tomb views are from life, however the others are from engravings.The images average very good condition with the usual light aging. This is a special grouping since it was formed by a mourning veteran just as soon as he was able to do so.

Five George McClellan Cartes de Visite in Uniform. A larger-than-life figure to be sure; "Little Mac" was one of the most celebrated and controversial generals during and after the Civil War. His conciliatory attitude towards the South did not earn him many fans during Reconstruction and his reputation in many circles has suffered over the past 100 years. However, most serious Civil War scholars believe that he is criticized more for his personality and opinions than his military tactics and field action. Apart from this, McClellan was an instrumental man and officer in the Union effort, and these photographs are five gorgeous depictions of the man himself in full uniform! Four of the five photos feature McClellan seated, wearing gloves and his regulation Union Blues! The standing photograph portrays McClellan's powerful stature and presence. A plethora of imprints are displayed here! Including: Anthony/Brady, Gardner, Gurney, and C.D. Fredericks. All photos are in very fine condition; ink and pencil notations on most (recto and verso); light overall toning on all; all have double lined gilt borders and square corners.

Twelve George B. McClellan Cartes de Visite. Another fantastic lot of McClellan CDVs is featured here! Twelve excellent quality images of the little general, many of which also feature his wife Ellen. Five images feature George and Ellen standing together or one seated and one standing. This portrayal of Little Mac as a family man and devoted husband certainly added to his popularity during the war years and after. The remaining seven images are portrait shots of McClellan. All of them feature him in his uniform; one even shows him with a long embroidered cape over his officer's frock coat. This is one of the most distinguished images of McClellan this cataloger has come across! A fantastic lot of images all in very fine or better condition. It is rare to find a large group of McClellan photos in this kind of condition. This lot will appeal to political and Civil War collectors alike. Moderate to light toning on many emulsions; pencil notations on verso of several.

Dealers Lot of Twenty-Five George B. McClellan Cartes de Visite. A larger-than-life figure to be sure; "Little Mac" was one of the most celebrated and controversial generals during and after the Civil War. His conciliatory attitude towards the South did not earn him many fans during Reconstruction and his reputation in many circles has suffered over the past 100 years. However, most serious Civil War scholars believe that he is criticized more for his personality and opinions than his military tactics and field action. Apart from this, McClellan was an instrumental man and officer in the Union effort. Offered here are twenty-five individual CDVs, featuring Little Mac in numerous capacities. Fourteen of them are engravings; the rest are from life. Majority of the "from life" photographs are the well-known image of McClellan and his wife Ellen. The rest are portrait images and an image of McClellan with several of his staff. The engravings range from he and his wife to artists renderings of from life portraits. A true trove of photographs for the McClellan enthusiast. Most do exhibit some faults and condition issues; majority suffer from mild to moderate toning of the images from age and emulsion changes; many exhibit trimmed corners; pencil notations on many.

Seven General Winfield Scott Cartes de Visite. This lot highlights the man known as "Old Fuss and Feathers", Winfield Scott. Scott earned his nickname from his propensity to demand and wear numerous decorations and regalia along with his regulation uniform. He enjoyed all the adornments and trappings common to Colonial era officers. He served on active duty as a general longer than any other man in American history. He commanded forces in the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Black Hawk War, the Second Seminole War, and the Civil War. He was the mastermind behind the "Anaconda Plan", which the Union would use to ultimately cripple and defeat the Confederacy. He served every president from Thomas Jefferson to Lincoln, a total of fourteen administrations. He truly earned his other nickname of "The Grand Old Man of the Army". This lot pictures the old chieftain, wearing his iconic uniform, stern expression, and determined countenance. It is easy to see from the deep lines on his face, that he was a battle weathered and tested tactician, who many call one of the most capable military leaders ever. Five of the photographs show Scott seated, often holding his sword in full view. One of them shows him in typical civilian attire. The sixth photo is of Scott's residence in New York. All photographs are in very fine condition; light toning on one seated photograph with sword in view; Anthony image has missing upper left corner and broken lower left corner; pencil notations on versos of several. A true tribute lot!

Union General William T. Sherman: Five Cartes de Visite. Famous for his March to the Sea, Sherman is shown here in four different CDV poses and an additional image of Sherman on the top of a railroad car with four other men. All measure 2.5" x 4" and are in very good condition. The images are by E. & H. T. Anthony of New York, C. Fredricks of New York, and George F. Ayer of Portland. The remaining close shot of Sherman is from an unknown photographer. All of these images show Sherman in the uniform of a major general. The fifth CDV is of Sherman sitting atop a flatbed rail car with four other men identified by handwriting on the back as General Brown, Colonel Anderson, Mr. Campbell, and Mr. Plumb.

Gen.William Tecumseh Sherman: Four Scarce Cartes de Visite: Standing pose (S. M. Fassetts, Chicago); on horseback (Anthony); seated (Oak Gallery, Memphis, Tenn); and posed like Napoleon with his hands in coat (Anthony). Basically excellent to mint condition. We note only a few trivial surface flaws on the first and minor damage to one corner on the second, mentioned only for accuracy.

Group 9 of Civil War CDVs Including Grant, Sherman, McClellan, Mary Lincoln. A miscellaneous collection of cartes de visite featuring soldiers and other Civil War era personalities. Of interest is a CDV of the managers of the House of Representatives of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson. All CDVs are in very good condition.

Cartes de Visite: An Interesting Group Lot of 18 As shown , this includes six identified (one of General Hennson) and several naval officers. Overall excellent condition.

Union Generals Cartes de Visite: A Group of Six. Consisting of Banks (J.O. Kane, New York), Grant (W.I. Pooley, New York), Winthrop (shown as a major, no maker), Pleasanton (Brady), Wool (Anthony / Brady), & Starkweather (Webster's, Louisville, with minor paper loss on reverse). Overall excellent shape.

Cartes de Visite of Eight Union Generals. A very nice lot of scarce images, consisting of Willoughby Babcock (Almy & Tufts, Sodus, New York), Halleck (Appleton & Co., New York), Burnside (Anthony), Halleck (Selby & McCauley, Baltimore Street), Frank Blair (Brady), Andrew Jackson Smith (Gutekunst, Philadelphia), Blenker (Anthony / Brady), & Colonel Berdan (Porter's, Oneida, New York). Overall excellent condition.

Four Composite Cartes de Visite, Including Officers of a Colored Troops Unit consisting of:
Officers 10th U.S.C. Artillery- Old pencil identifications of most on reverse, with backmark of A. D. Lythe, Baton Rouge. Very good.
United States Generals with Grant in center- Reverse has full printed list of the 101 generals pictured. Excellent+.
Statesmen and Generals of the American Civil War with Lincoln and Davis- Backmark of Joseph Ward, Boston. Excellent.
Generals of the Union- an early issue with Scott in center. List of the 30 pictured generals on reverse. Very good.

Seven Multi-Views of Generals Cartes de Visite. Consisting of three Union examples and four Confederate, this lot features the popular "multi-view" variety of cartes de visite. The Union examples are of two types; the first is a large montage of statesmen and generals. Featuring George Washington in center, surrounded by Civil War era leaders. The second is two versions of a Ulysses S. Grant and officers multi-view. One has a dark background and the other a lighter background. The darker example focuses on the Army of the Potomac and its officers, whereas the lighter version offers different generals. The Confederate pieces are divisible into two similar groups. The first is a large montage of Confederate generals, much like the first Union piece, except the center of this example is Jefferson Davis. The other three are also multi-views of generals, however, in two of the three, Jefferson Davis is the centerpiece, not Robert E. Lee. All are in very fine condition; light overall toning on all; none have been trimmed; very clean and dark saturation on all; pencil and ink notations on versos and rectos of several. A nice, clean lot for this popular CDV variety.

Eleven Various Union Generals Cartes de Visite. Included are: 3 - General John C. Fremont; 2 - General J.A. Logan; 3 - General O.O. Howard; 1- General Philip Sheridan; 1 - General Alfred Pleasonton; 1 - General Nathaniel Banks. All in fine condition or better; most have pencil notations on verso; light overall toning on most; Sheridan photo exhibits moderate edge wear; notations on recto of two. An excellent lot of generals; several quite uncommon.

Civil War Carte de Visite Album. A small 4" x 4.75" leather carte de visite album containing 19 CDVs. On the inside front cover written in pencil is "George B. Arbogast, Battery D, 1st West Virginia Light Artillery, Parkersburg, West Va.". In addition to the several family and friends type CDVs (a few that post-date the Civil War) there are several of military personages including Phil Sheridan, George Meade, William Rosecrans, and other unidentified officers. All military images are in very good, clear condition.

Intact Civil War Cartes De Visite Album With 40 Images. An increasingly hard-to-find Union CDV album that has not been tampered with. Twenty sturdy leaves with gilt edges contain images of Union officers, statesmen, patriotic children and topical scenes of the era. Included are likenesses of nationally known luminaries such as George Meade, John Erikson, Horace Greeley, Elmer Ellsworth, U.S. Grant, Ambrose Burnside, Phil Kearny, Abraham Lincoln and Winfield Scott Hancock. There are also two unarmed portraits of anonymous Union soldiers and two CDVs depicting the sea battle between the U.S.S. Kearsarge and the C.S.S. Alabama. (A penciled notation mislabels one of these as "The Trent Affair"!) The images have not been removed from the album, but likely contain wellknown backmarks such as Anthony's or Brady's. Aging as expected, cover somewhat loose. Overall very good condition.

Joshua Chamberlain In Veterans' Group Photo. Photograph, Riverton Park - Portland Maine. Oct 2nd 1902: Lunch Given By The Maine Commandery To The Commandery In Chief Military Order Of The Loyal Legion, 11" x 10.5". The Military Order of the Loyal Legion was a veteran's organization composed of former Union officers. This group of such distinguished gentlemen stands before a gazebo on a flight of stairs. Among them is Brevet Major General Joshua Chamberlain (third from the right, front row), the abolitionist college professor who won eternal fame and a Medal of Honor for his brilliant defense of Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg. a few stains and expected aging, else fine condition.

Sergeant John W. Ellis, Company E, 26th North Carolina CSA: Handwritten Letter Home About Gettysburg, His Parole and Sick Leave Document, and Reunion Patch. A handwritten signed letter from Sergeant John W. Ellis of the 26th North Carolina Confederate Infantry, this document is dated July 25, 1863. Writing to his wife just after the Battle of Gettysburg, Sergeant Ellis details the loss of men in his regiment during the battle. With 588 men lost on the first day at Gettysburg, the unit regrouped for the third day charge that would make history. Confederate Major General George Pickett ordered the men from the 26th North Carolina into battle at the 'Bloody Angle.' Ellis' unit would make the farthest advance planting their colors in the Federal Works - but with the highest casualty rate of any unit. The 26th would go on to fight at The Wilderness and Petersburg before surrendering at Appomattox with General Lee.

The letter is approximately 8" x 10" and is handwritten front and back of the sheet. In the letter addressed to his wife, Ellis tells how the 26th faced off against the famed 'Iron Brigade' in battle. Ellis had enlisted on May 28, 1861 at Cartersville in Chatham County, North Carolina. He had seen the horrors of war but somehow could write to his wife in this letter about a magazine subscription as well.

Accompanying the letter is the original parole of Ellis dated June 12, 1865. Of the almost 1,200 men that had signed up with the 26th North Carolina only 120 would live through the war to be paroled. This 8" x 5.375" "Certificate of Release of Prisoner of War" is in good condition with a slight tear at the bottom right. On verso is the signed declaration by Ellis that he will support the Union. A physical description notes that Ellis was 5' 8" tall with brown hair, blue eyes and a light complexion.

Another document included with this group is a 7.5" x 3.375" medical furlough for Ellis. Dated August 24, 1862, the furlough allows Ellis to travel back to North Carolina for a period of thirty-five days to recoup from a 'continued fever.' With some foxing, the document contains information about the furlough on the front and back.

The survivors of the 26th continued to meet after the war. With this grouping is Ellis' "Chatham's Ex-Confederate Reunion August 22, 1888" ribbon. At 8.5" x 1.25" the reunion ribbon is made of green silk with block stenciled letters.

The documents and letter are contained in a gray hardbound volume with gold engraved lettering. This is a unique set of personal and official documents chronicling this soldier from a spectacular unit and his life.

United Confederate Veterans Camp Portrait. Eighteen elderly gentlemen are gathered around their UCV camp's 3rd National Confederate flag, which has an obscured name in the field. One old soldier wears a full UCV uniform while a couple of others have medals or lapel pins. The rest of the men are in plain civilian clothing. Of particular interest is the seated fellow on the far right as he appears to have a bullet hole next to his mouth! Lightly aged in wooden frame.

Confederate Veteran's Grouping pertaining to Henry D. Lipscomb, former trooper with Forrest's Escort. A prominent citizen of Grapevine, Texas after the Civil War, Lipscomb was a Tennessee native who rode with the brilliant Nathan Bedford Forrest until May, 1865. This grouping consists of the following items: Manuscript slave bill of sale, 2 pages, 7.75" x 6", likely Tennessee, February 1, 1850. This document is made out to a D. M. Lipscomb for the purchase of two young male slaves, Bob and Henry. A penciled note on the verso states, "Father's bought 2 slaves & brought Bob to Texas". This note was probably written many years after the war by Henry Lipscomb. Smoothed folds and light stains, very good condition; Partially printed tax receipt, one page, 6.75" x 4, February 13, 1885, Tarrant County, Texas. Another document naming D.H. Lipscomb. Uneven edges, else very good condition: Four United Confederate Veterans certificates three are 21" x 16" and one is 9.5" x 12", variously Oklahoma City and New Orleans, 1925-1938. These colorful documents commission Lipscomb an officer in the U.C.V. Light aging with minor splits, overall fine condition:Two newspaper obituaries, Fort Worth, ca. late 1930s. Great clips with wartime anecdotes and a photo of Lipscomb as an old man. Very good condition.

Confederate Veteran's Infantry Shell Jacket. This jacket was most likely used by a Confederate veteran as it dates to after the Civil War but has ten real Confederate Georgia buttons made by Horstmann and Allien of New York. It shows considerable wear but is in overall good condition. It is light brown with dark brown cuffs and collar with the two bars of a first lieutenant's rank sewn to the collar. The sleeves are decorated with gold-braided quatrefoil patterns giving this jacket much character, perfect for a re-enactor or as a display piece.

Photos From Last UCV Reunion. On May 31,1951 Norfolk, Virginia hosted the last United Confederate Veterans Reunion with three old soldiers in attendance. These two original publicity shots from the event respectively show William Bush of Georgia, aged 105, with John Salling of Virginia, aged 104, and William Townsend of Louisiana, aged 105. One photo has glue and paper residue on the verso, else both are in fine condition.

Signed Confederate General John B. Hood CDV. This fine CDV has a clipped signature <"Jn. B. Hood" glued to the bottom of the image. There is an E. & H.T. Anthony backmark and the CDV is in near fine condition. John B. Hood (1831-1879) was an exceptionally brave commander and was arguably one of the best commanders of the Confederate States Army. He was present at numerous battles and led with distinction at Gettysburg and Chicamauga.

Joseph E. Johnston Inscribed Signed Photograph. A postwar albumen image inscribed "Major S.C. Muldoon from his friend J.E. Johnston". Some two weeks after General Lee capitulated at Appomattox, General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered the Confederate Army of Tennessee to William T. Sherman at Bennett's farm near Durham, North Carolina. Johnston still had a sizeable force in the field near Greensboro, however he was wise enough to realize that further resistance would rapidly degenerate into guerrilla warfare that could go on for years. With Richmond gone and the Confederate government in flight, Johnston saw no reason to fight and opted for an honorable end to the hostilities. Johnston's choice truly allowed the national healing process to begin. This oval portrait of the aging hero is housed in a period frame. Moderate fading, however the image and the inscription are still quite clear.

Signed Mary Custis Lee CDV. A nice example of a tinted CDV with the image of Mary Custis Lee (1808-1873) the great-granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee. The obverse bears the signature "Mary Custis Lee" and the reverse bears an inscription "Mrs. Charles T. Nash from her friend - Mary Custis Lee". Mrs. Lee hand tinted this photograph for her friend, she enjoyed painting and gave her relief from her arthritic condition, she also hand tinted photographs of the general on request of family & friends, thus a example of Lee family artwork as well as a wonderful photograph of her. The reverse also has a M. Miley, Lexington, Virginia photographer mark. The CDV is in very good condition with some age toning to the perimeter.

Scarce General Frank P. Blair Signed Carte de Visite. An important Union general, Blair went on to run unsuccessfully for the Vice Presidency on the Democratic ticket in 1868. CDV is C.D. Fredericks & Co., New York. His rank at that time, "Maj. Genl Vols", is written below his signature. Excellent appearance, with very trivial light spotting near the bottom, not affecting portrait area, and clipped corners as shown. The Sanders Guide shows no price for any signed photo, let alone a war-period one, so they are undoubtedly a scarce commodity.

Ambrose Burnside Photograph Signed "A. E. Burnside Brig Genl". Early war Carte de Visite with J. Gurney & Son, New York backmark. Given Burnisde's rank in the inscription, this image was made before Burnside's March 18, 1862 promotion to major general. He is shown in dress uniform and is decidedly slimmer here than in his later wartime photographs. A nice clean example with a dark example of the general's typically seismographic signature.

General Benjamin F. Butler: A Rare Double-Signed Carte de Visite. A fine Civil War image of the notorious "Beast Butler" of North Carolina, Sanborn & Company of Lowell, Massachusetts. Bold autograph at bottom, and another signed "Yours Truly" on verso. Signed photos of this important general, and later famous political gadfly, are quite rare. The Sanders Guide lists no price for a signed photo, either of Civil War or later vintage, suggesting no published auction records. Excellent condition.

General J.F. Knipe Signed Carte de Visite. Signed: "Yours Truly J F Knipe Brig Gen Comdg. 1st Brig". Union officer, who served in the Army of the Potomac and the Cumberland. After the fall of Atlanta he became chief of cavalry of the Army of Tennessee. He received four wounds in different battles, and lived out his life in civil service and leisure. A very fine photograph of the general; a bust shot, featuring him in his Union blues, and a long cultivated beard. Signed on the verso. Bears an A.R. Henwood imprint. In fine condition; light overall toning on both sides; emulsion slightly yellowed; pencil notations on verso; trimmed corners; no border.

General George B. McClellan: A Superb Autographed Carte de Visite. This quite unusual CDV by J.W. Black, Boston, is beautifully signed at the bottom, with "Maj. Genl U.S." below. Card and signature are in choice condition. While McClellan's signature, even as a photo, is not rare, a choice and unusual war-date example like this is truly exceptional.

Rare Robert Gould Shaw CDV. Super Carte de Visite full length studio portrait of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw with a desirable J.W. Black of Boston backmark. A Harvard alumnus from a wealthy abolitionist family, Shaw commanded the all-black 54th Massachusetts Infantry. At a time when whites considered black soldiers ill-suited for combat, Shaw's men proved otherwise. Sadly, on July 18, 1863 after a rather short tour with the 54th, Colonel Shaw was killed along with 27% of his men in an unsuccessful assault on Battery Wagner, South Carolina. The lower margin of this popular, yet elusive, CDV is inscribed "Col. Shaw" in pencil by an unknown period hand and the verso has a penciled inventory number along the lower edge. A minute amount of wear to corners, else fine condition.

Union General Alexander S. Webb Photograph Signed, "Alex. S. Webb Brig. Genl.". Carte de Visite with "Brady-New York" on the front and Brady backmark on the verso. Webb graduated from West Point in 1855 and rose to become a Brevet Major General in the Union Army. Additionally, his gallantry on the field at Gettysburg earned him the Congressional medal of Honor. A very clean and highly desirable CDV with a bold signature.

Alexander S. Webb CDV Signed, "Alex. S. Webb Bvt. Maj Genl. V.".Fredricks & Co., New York backmark. A crisp and clean image with a bold inscription, fine condition. A career army officer, Alexander Webb was thrust into the thick of the fighting at Gettysburg. On July 2, 1863 he successfully defended Cemetery Ridge and the following found himself holding the Federal center against Pickett's Charge. In 1891 Webb received the Congressional Medal of Honor for his contributions at Gettysburg.

Ambrose E. Burnside Autograph Note Signed, "A.E. Burnside", one page, 5" x 8", New York, April 4, 1864, to Governor Joseph A. Gilmore of New Hampshire, also in New York. General Burnside must have considered the given location of his person as "Headquarters". This letter is datelined from the St.Germain Hotel in NYC and is designated "Head Qrs 9th Army Corps" despite the Corps being located at the front in Virginia. It reads in full:"My Dear Sir - I will be very glad to call on you at Eleven o'clock tomorrow Tuesday, at 187 Est Tenth St. Very Truly Yours,". On lined stationery with a huge signature. Dealer's small pencil notation on top margin, else fine condition.

Civil War Medical-Related Documents. Four items:
Clara Barton- Three page 1885-dated printed affidavit from a lawsuit brought by her brother Samuel regarding property destroyed by the Union Army during the Civil War.
Dorothea Dix- 1864 ALS on "Office of Women Nurses" letterhead to a Miss Chamberlain about reporting for work as a nurse.
F. M. Hereford- 1862 Confederate LS regarding the health and needs of the 18th Louisiana Volunteers. Written from Corinth, Mississippi.
Ferdinand V. Hayden- 1863 four page ALS to a Doctor Hayes about his duties as a surgeon.

Joshua Chamberlain: A Cut Signature of this Gettysburg Hero. A fine ink signature of this popular Gettysburg figure. Measures 2.5" x 0.625".

Pauline Cushman Signature "Maj. Pauline Cushman" on a 3.25" x 2" card adding "Union spy & Scout Army Cumberland" Save for some light soiling, the card is extremely bright and clean with deep, dark ink. Mounted to a larger contemporary sheet (5" x 8") to which has been also mounted a June 1, 1864 news clipping announcing her arrival at the Astor House in New York. A scarce signature.

Union General John Adams Dix 1863 Letter Signed to Confederate General Henry A. Wise "John A. Dix", three pages, 8" x 10", "Head Quarters Department of Virginia" letterhead, Fort Monroe, Virginia, April 28, 1863. In this important letter, Dix strongly advises Wise to cease his attacks on the Union forces occupying Williamsburgh. It reads, in full: "The Town of Williamsburgh has been occupied, as you are aware, by the troops under my command as a picket Station or outpost of Yorktown. A large portion of the inhabitants are known not to be well disposed to the Government of the United States. They have nevertheless, while quietly pursuing their domestic avocations, been unmolested, and have been permitted to supply themselves with the necessaries and comforts of life at Yorktown and Fort Monroe. The Insane Asylum at Williamsburgh has been put under the Superintendence of an Army Surgeon and its three hundred helpless inmates supplied, at the expense of the United States, with every thing necessary to their comfort and with the remedial treatment they require. While exercising these offices of humanity, the troops at Williamsburgh have been several times attacked by your forces, not with a view to gain and hold possession of the place and to assume the guardianship which has been extended to the inhabitants and the tenants of the Asylum by us, but for the purpose of harrassing those who were performing this generous service. - On the 31st ult. your forces entered and endeavored to take possession of the town, occupying several houses & firing upon the troops; and in this, as I am informed, they were aided by some of the inhabitants, who have been living for nearly a year, under our protection. More recently your forces entered the town and took possession of it, placing our employes in the Insane Asylum under parole, carrying off some of the servants and depriving its inmates of the care to which they have been accustomed and which their helpless condition renders indispensable. You have by withdrawing your forces, left the Asylum again to our charity and compelled Major General Keyes the Commanding Officer of the troops at Yorktown and Fort Magrader to supply it with food to save the patients from starvation. -

These raids under the peculiar circumstances are in violation of every dictate of humanity. Having no result and apparently no object but annoyance & a useless sacrifice of life, they are also in violation of every principle of honorable warfare. - I have directed Maj. Genl. Keyes to re-occupy the town; and that the aggressions referred to may cease, I give you notice in case of any repetition of them. 1st- That the inmates of the Asylum will be sent to Richmond, and the United States relieved of the burden of their support; - 2nd That any house which may be taken possession of for the purpose of firing upon the troops stationed there will be razed to the ground; and 3rd That any citizen of Williamsburgh not belonging to a regularly organized corps, who shall be found co-operating in these attacks and rising in arms against the occupying troops, will be put to death as a violator of the laws of civilized warfare." Major General Dix, at this time, was commander of the Department of Virginia. Wise, a former governor of Virginia who signed the death warrant for John Brown, was a brigadier general who would later fight bravely with Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House and urge him to surrender. Fine condition.

Abner Doubleday Document Signed, "A. Doubleday". One page on letterhead of "Head-Q'rs 2nd Brigade, 1st Dv'n, 1st Army Corps", 8" x 10", Pratt's Point, Virginia, January 18, 1863. Secretarially penned military papers reading, "Pass Capt. Joseph L. Ford, A.Q.M. and servant and L. K. Church with two horses and baggage to Washington by government boat." Doubleday, as a brigadier, signs in red ink on light blue paper. Smoothed folds with minute splits, else fine condition. Abner Doubleday (1819-1893) is largely credited with being the inventor of modern baseball. He was also a professional soldier, having graduated from West Point in 1842. He served in the Mexican War and saw active Civil War service from Fort Sumter to Gettysburg. Rising to major general, Doubleday held administrative posts until his retirement in 1873.

An Exceptional Union Soldier's Letter from the Earliest Days of the War. Written by Thomas Ewing, Jr., from the Washington on May 22, 1861, to his father. Six pages, each page measuring 4.5" x 7.5". Very clear and readable pencil.
Ewing's father was also William Tecumseh's step-father, and this brother John Sherman, later a prominent U.S. Senator. In the war, the younger Ewing served as a colonel commanding the 11th Kansas Cavalry. But in these early days, Ewing, coming from a prominent family and having served as Zachary Taylor's private secretary, was the consummate Washington insider. Ewing comments on a wide range of topics in these fast-moving days. He writes, "I have been either with John or Charles Sherman at different times, the President, and pretty near all the Cabinet & Gen'l Scott." He describes Scott's frustration with the administration for "neglecting to consult him..." He also shares the common misimpression that the first battle of the War would be at Fort Pickens on Santa Rosa Island, while of course it was to be at Bull Run. Other great content to be sure.

Ulysses S. Grant Handwrites a Telegram to General Phillip H. Sheridan. Dated January 11, 1882, Grant inquires as to when he may expect the arrival of General & Mrs. Sheridan. One corner clipped, and one tiny hole. Several fine original fold creases, and measuring 8" x 5.25". A great item associating two of the Civil War's greatest generals.

Ulysses S. Grant as President: A Fine Three-Page Autograph Letter Signed. Dated July 22, 1870, and written at Long Branch, New Jersey. Grant conveys his own and Mrs. Grant's greetings to Secretary of the Navy A.E. Borie, and discusses plans for the Bories to join the Grants at the Jersey shore. Excellent condition, each page measuring 5" x 8.25". Minor light stain along spine fold.

General Henry Halleck: A Fine War-Date Letter to Benjamin "Beast" Butler, over-ruling appointments Butler had made illegally. Written on November 3, 1862, on Headquarters of the Army letterhead. The body is in the hand of an aide, and signed by Halleck as "Genl in Chf". Two sides, 8" x 10", beautiful condition.
Halleck apologizes for and explains the inability to send the requested reinforcements to Butler's New Orleans command. He then takes Butler to task for misunderstanding a General Order and making unauthorized appointments; Butler only had the authority to make recommendations. But it is not unusual that the self-promoting general overstepped his bounds.

General David Hunter. Two Civil War-date Autograph Letters Signed. Comprises: (1) ALS: "D. Hunter/Major General", one page, 4.75" x 7.5". Washington, September 19, 1862. "Yours of the 28th ult. has been received." Tipped at left to larger page. (2) ALS: "D. Hunter/Major Gen", two pages, 4.75" x 7.5", separate conjoined pages. Washington, December 22, 1864. "You ask for my autograph and a sentiment. I have come to the conclusion that soldiers should not have sentiments - mine have been a great injury to me. I enclose you the autograph but you must excuse the sentiment." Tipped at left to larger page upon which has been affixed the trimmed address panel. Two blank corners of the letter have been diagonally cut off.

On May 9, 1862, as Commander of the Department of the South, General Hunter's sentiment caused him to free all slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. On May 19th, President Lincoln annulled Hunter's order, stating that he had exceeded his official authority and that such decisions were to be made only by the President. Hunter later organized the first regiment of black troops and was declared a felon by the Confederacy. After Lincoln's death, Hunter accompanied the President's body on its train journey to Springfield, Illinois, and later presided over the military commission that tried the conspirators for the assassination. With an engraved portrait of Hunter. Three items.

Union General George Meade Letter Concerning Civil War Mail. This handwritten letter signed by Union General George Meade is dated September 20, 1862 at Camp Sharpsburg, Maryland. This would have been just after the Battle of Antietam. With his soldiers always eager to hear news from home, this letter from Meade to the "Postmaster of Washington City" requests that the postmaster deliver the mail for "several regiments comprising the division of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps" to the 1st Army Corps mail carrier. The next year Meade would be placed in command of the entire Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg. The letter measures 4.5" x 7" and is in excellent condition.
Accompanying the letter is as large 9" x 7" mounted photograph from Gardner's Photo Sketch Book, photo #49 depicting the "General Post Office, Army of the Potomac." The photo with its mounting measures 14" x 12". The view shows the postmaster and one other seated soldier beside the post office tent at Brandy Station, Virginia in December 1863.

Union General Winfield Scott Hancock Post-War Letter. This is a somewhat comical letter written by Union Major General Winfield Scott Hancock to a Mr. A. A. Stevenson dated March 30, 1867. Posted from Washington, DC and marked "private", in the letter Hancock denies a report that recently he "rode through the streets with Jefferson Davis and paid him distinguished attention". The incident had apparently been reported in the press causing Hancock to write this letter. Hancock goes on to point that he had "never met Davis in my life". Apparently the two were in New Orleans at the same time, sparking the rumor. The 6" x 8.5" letter is three pages long and is signed by Hancock. There is a slight tear at the upper right of the first page; otherwise it is in fine condition.

Abraham Lincoln Partial ADS. Penned on a 3" x 1.25" card removed from a larger document. In full: "See the bearer, who for a while, was a Messenger here with me. A. Lincoln Aug. 30, 1864." Light soiling, else very good. This August 30th was not a good one for Lincoln. His Democrat detractors were in convention in Chicago, prepared to nominate McClellan to run against him, and the dearth of Union successes had badly eroded his support. Yet, only days later, on September 3rd, his fortunes would be reversed with Sherman's brief telegram: "So Atlanta is ours and fairly won..." Interestingly, Lincoln's messenger at the time, John Parker, would later fail to see Booth enter the presidential box at Ford's Theater, and was later accused by Mrs. Lincoln of complicity in the murder.

Abraham Lincoln Clipped Endorsement Signed, "A. Lincoln". One page, 3" x 3", November 23, 1864. Above the date and signature is the following order in Lincoln's hand: "Let this man take the oath of Dec. 8, 1863 and be discharged." Light marginal soiling, else fine condition. With PSA/DNA Letter of Authenticity. This endorsement no doubt was in relation to a Confederate prisoner. In order to help undermine the Confederate war effort, on December 8, 1863 Lincoln proclaimed amnesty to those Confederates willing to sign an oath of allegiance to the United States.

President Abraham Lincoln Autograph Endorsement Signed Regarding Appointment of General Daniel J. McCook who was killed at Kennesaw Mountain. This is a fascinating document that contains a handwritten notation and signature of President Abraham Lincoln dated November 9, 1861. The letter concerns the appointment of Captain Daniel McCook as General George B. McClellan's chief of staff. McCook would later become a Union general and die at Kennesaw Mountain. The endorsement by Lincoln is on verso and reads: "I desire that the appointment of Daniel McCook, Jr. as within requested may be made at once, unless there be some strong reason to the contrary, not known to me. A. Lincoln Nov. 9, 1861"

The document also has signed endorsements from Colonel Robert B. Mitchell, then colonel of the 2nd Kansas and later a general in the war. R. B. Marcy, himself a general during the war, signs for General McClellan. Measuring 7.75" x 10", this letter is in fine condition with handwriting on front and back. President Lincoln's note and signature is the final approval given to the appointment. It comes with a hardbound gray slipcover with engraved lettering.

The appointee, Daniel McCook, Jr. was from Ohio and had enlisted at the start of the war. An attorney by trade, he had graduated from the University of Alabama but had returned home to practice law with two future generals, William T. Sherman and Thomas Ewing, Jr. He would rise through the ranks to brigadier general, a promotion he received posthumously after being mortally wounded leading the charge up Kennesaw Mountain. He would have two brothers and a cousin reach the rank of general as well. They would become known famously as the 'Fighting McCooks'. This unique note and signature by President Lincoln was penned for a brave man who gave his life for his country.

Lincoln Endorsement on Letter From a Confederate Prisoner Taken at Gettysburg. Autograph Letter Signed, "H.S. Shepherd Pri Co. B., 2nd Va Reg", one page, 7.75" x 10", West Building's Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, January 31, 1865, to Abraham Lincoln, Washington, D.C. It reads: "I take the liberty of submitting for your consideration the following facts and would respectfully solicit your favorable attention to the same, in the hope that I may be released from my present confinement. I voluntarily remained behind after the battle of Gettysburg, was paroled by Col. Young, was never sworn in the Rebel Army or took any active part in the Confederate cause and now being heartily disgusted with the Confederacy and wishing again to become a true and loyal citizen, I hope this will meet with your approval and my request be granted. I have been in confinement at this Hospital since august 18, 1863." The verso of this appeal carries two endorsements, one of them Lincoln's, which reads: "Let this man take the oath of Dec. 8 1863 & be discharged. A. Lincoln Feb 27, 1865." This stationery was originally a full four-page signature, however the second panel has been trimmed to 3.25" x 5" with the Lincoln endorsement appearing on what would have been page four. Light browning with mailing folds as expected. Faint writing transfer on top half of first page, not affecting the Lincoln panel at all. Overall very good condition. By modern standards this is truly an amazing document in that an enlisted P.O.W. was able to directly petition the President of the United States, who then acted upon the request!

Abraham Lincoln Autograph Endorsement Signed, "A. Lincoln". One page, 5" x 8", n.p., February 13, 1863. The body of this manuscript document reads:"Submitted to the Sec.of War & General-in-Chief". Light soiling, two smoothed vertical folds not affecting signature. Fine condition. A splendid war date endorsement entirely in Lincoln's hand.

Abraham Lincoln Content Soldier Letter from the Office of the Provost Marshal at Norfolk, Virginia dated April 20, 1865. Two pages, lined Provost Marshal letterhead, from "H. W. M." to "Friend Mary". A very interesting letter written just days after the assassination of Lincoln. In part, as written: "...our news from Sherman seems very encouraging, and I think ere many months have elapsed I shall find myself far away in the north...The latest accounts from the north do not show the arrest of J. Welks Booth- who assainated the President it seems to me that he must have a great many friends or he could not manage to excape detection- this is surely the most accursed thing that ever happened...Altho I myself at one time greatly opposed the president as I did not think him fast enough- and I still think if he had procicuted the war more vigorously it would have saved some blood shed and perhaps his. I think if in 62 he had put a million men in the field enstead of five hundred thousand that it would have been far better...without a doubt- done better than any other man would have or could done...I think President Johnsons policy is the thing for the times..." He goes on to discuss his feelings on traitors and treason and some personal matters including a flood in the Susquehanna Valley, apparently the location of his correspondent. There is a 3-cent stamp affixed to the lower right of the verso. Condition is fine- writing is dark and legible with some scattered staining.

Union Major Holman S. Melcher to Col. Joshua Chamberlain Autograph Letter Signed "H. S. Holman". One page on the letterhead of the Twentieth Maine Regiment Association, 8" x 10", Portland, Maine, February 11, 1895, to Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, in modern frame with a cover from a reprint of Melcher's book, fine condition. Melcher (1841-1905) seeks clarification regarding two of Chamberlain's (1828-1914) acting field officers during the battle at Little Round Top. The letter reads: "My Dear Sir: Will you kindly let me know at your earliest convenience if you had two acting field officers to assist you during our fight at Little Round Top. I have always understood that Capt. S.W. Clark, as the ranking Captain was acting Major but it is claimed that Spear [Ellis Spear] was acting major and Clark acting Lieutenant Col. It is important, just now, that I should know the facts in this case, Yours Very Truly, H.S. Melcher". Though Chamberlain was awarded the Medal of Honor for initiating the famous charge that stopped the Confederate attack at Little Round Top, Ellis Spears post-war writings cast doubts on the Chamberlain claim and provided corroboration to the claim that it was Melcher who led the attack. One can only wonder what the reply to Melcher's letter might have been.

General George B. McClellan Autograph Letter Signed "George B. McClellan". Two pages, 5.25" x 8.25", Orange, New Jersey, February 12, 1864, to Lt. Col. William Henry, Jr. McClellan turns down a dinner invitation with the 1st New Jersey Brigade. It reads in part: "...I trust that I need not assure you that my heart is ever with the Army of the Potomac and my true love in its midst...will you gratify me by proposing at the dinner in my name "the brave 1st New Jersey Brigade - It is an honor ever to the proud Army of the Potomac. May its future be as glorious as its past...". Folded, very good condition with minor age toning to paper.

Union General Charles Hale Morgan Letter: "Strange Phenomenon". This unusual letter written in 1872 by Union General Charles Hale Morgan concerns a strange phenomenon he witnessed in 1865, as he says, "ten days after the killing of Booth". Morgan had apparently been in Maryland in an ambulance when he saw a strange display across the sun at "one or two o'clock". The sun appeared to have the image of a bloody hand across it. The person to whom the letter is addressed is unstated but apparently was with Morgan and had asked him to recall the event.

Union General Charles Hale Morgan was a West Point Class of 1857 graduate. He took part in the 1859 expedition with General Albert Sidney Johnston putting down a Mormon uprising. He rose through the ranks during the Civil War becoming chief of artillery of II Corps and a close aide to General Winfield Scott Hancock. This postwar letter concerning this strange phenomenon is a very interesting artifact from a Union general. It is two pages and measures 8" x 10"; very good condition.

E. O. C. Ord. Historically Important Autograph Letter Signed: "E. O. C. Ord/M Genl", four full pages, front and verso. Headquarters 4th Military District, (Mississippi and Arkansas), Holly Springs, Miss., November 20, 1867. To Genl J Tarbell, Hillsboro Scott County [Mississippi]- In part: "I have Recd a letter from Senator [Henry] Wilson [of Massachusetts]...he says - tell the Genls you mention (one of whom was yourself) 'that the way to organize is to make constitutions that secure equal rights to all, encourage the Education of all and promote industry, we don't want anything that does not deal justly with all - confiscation has few or no friends, our people want none of it, I go for removing the disabilities of all who are proving their loyalty by supporting reconstruction under the plan now adopted - the southern men that support the Southern plan show to all that they are ready to do what they can for their country tho personally disfranchised. I shall vote for removing their civil disabilities - I go too for repealing the Cotton tax so far as it applies to all cotton raised this year and refunding it when it has been paid. Equality to all - Generosity for all and Justice towards all should be the policy. I am sure it will be, Grant will be the repub candidate for and will be chosen president.' You can see the republicans of his stamp are for little or no prescription...as you say if the troops are withdrawn things will assume an uncomfortable state here...I have to account for all my acts - Report all removals and reasons for each; general charges of disloyalty or having been a rebel won't suffice and though I agree with you that there is much disguised hostility to northern & especially Southern reconstructionists, & yet difficult to prove...." Affixed at top edge to another sheet.

Eight months earlier, Congress had passed over President Andrew Johnson's veto, an "Act to provide for the more efficient Government of the Rebel States." Ten former Confederate states were "divided into military districts and made subject to military authority of the United States." The 11th Confederate state, Tennessee, had ratified the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution in 1866 and had been readmitted to the Union. Five military districts were formed. Mississippi and Arkansas constituted the 4th. General Edward Ortho Cresap Ord was given command of the 4th Military District. During the Civil War, General Ord commanded troops in the Western Frontier, Louisiana and the Shenandoah Valley. He was seriously wounded in 1862 and 1864, but returned to his command each time. After the Civil War, Ord had also commanded the Department of Arkansas, the Department of California, the Department of the Platte, and the Department of Texas.

In this letter, Massachusetts Senator Henry Wilson correctly predicted the nomination and election of General Ulysses S. Grant as President in 1868. He had supported the use of federal troops to enforce Congressional Reconstruction. In 1868, Wilson made an extended speaking tour throughout the southern states. Journalists thought he wanted to be President but, as this letter proves, Wilson supported Grant; he wanted to be Vice President. Speaking in the South, he felt certain that, to survive, the Republican Party must be biracial. He told a Black audience in New Orleans "I do not want to see a white man's party or a black man's party...While a black man is as good as a white man, a white man is as good as a black man. See to it that while you are striving to lift yourselves up, you do not strive to pull anyone else down." At the 1868 Republican National Convention, Southern delegates generally supported Wilson's candidacy. He finished second on the first ballot for the Vice Presidential nomination, eventually losing to Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax. In 1872, however, Wilson was elected Grant's second term Vice President, in the first presidential election held after the Civil War with all Confederate states readmitted. Accompanied by an engraved portrait of Ord.

E. O. C. Ord Autograph Letter Signed: "E. O. C. Ord/M Genl", 1.5 pages, separate conjoined sheets. Head Quarters Armies of the United States, April 18, 1866. To Hon. J. W. Grimes, U.S. Senator - Iowa. In full: "Allow me to ask your intercession for a brave - modest - and very efficient young Iowa officer - Lt Col Hugh G. Brown - of Genl Reed - & Bellknaps Regt - I took him from his Regiment in 62 - he has been with me thru every campaign since - and never failed me at the desk or on the field - I do not know his parents or friends - only know his worth, and hope you will try and reward it by having him commissioned in the regular service for which he is well qualified." Mounting remnants on verso of second sheet.

Republican Senator James W. Grimes of Iowa was, at the time, the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs. During the Civil War, General Ord commanded troops in the Western Frontier, Louisiana and the Shenandoah Valley. He was seriously wounded in 1862 and 1864, but returned to his command each time. On May 5, 1866, President Andrew Johnson approved Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton's recommendation that Lieutenant Colonel Hugh G. Brown be promoted to Second Lieutenant of the 18th Iowa Regiment of Infantry as of May 2, 1866.

Admiral David D. Porter 1863 Letter Signed Regarding Guns with Endorsement Signed by General E.O.C. Ord. Manuscript Letter Signed: "David D Porter" as Acting Rear Admiral, Cmdg Miss Squadron, one page, 8" x 10". U.S. Mississippi Squadron, Flag Ship Black Hawk, June 22, 1863. To Lt. Col. T.S. Mather, Chief of Artillery, McClernands Hd. Qrs. In full: "You can have 2 long 32 pdr shell guns by sending to this ship, with 250 shells 5 - 10 and 15 seconds." The letter was folded in thirds for filing. On verso of integral leaf, General E.O.C. Ord has penned in the middle third: "Gen Lauman, D. Sir do you want these guns if so please send to the ship & make arrangements to bring them up. - E.O.C. Ord/MG Comdg" Beneath Ord's question, Col. T. S. Mather has written: "Hd Qrs 13th A.C., June 24. Will Admiral Porter please deliver the guns & ammunition to Lt. Ross Ordnance officer of Genl Lauman's command. Your Obt Sevt. T S Mather Col & Chief of Acts." Stained on filing portion bearing Ord and Mather's endorsements with small portion torn off in upper left blank area.

Major General J. A. McClernand had been Commanding Officer of the 13th Army Corps, Department of the Tennessee, until June 19, 1863, three days before Porter's letter, when he was succeeded by Major General E.O.C. Ord. General Jacob G. Lauman commanded the 4th Division of the 16th Army Corps at the siege of Vicksburg.

David D. Porter commanded the U.S. Mississippi Squadron aboard his flagship, USS Black Hawk, during the 1862-1863 Vicksburg campaigns. On this letter, Porter added "Acting" in his hand before the rank "Rear Admiral." He received his promotion to Rear Admiral just 12 days later on July 4, 1863, the day of the surrender of Vicksburg. Porter was promoted to Vice Admiral in 1866, and to Admiral in 1870. Also included is a signature: "David D Porter/Admiral," 5" x 1.25". With an engraved portrait of Porter and three engravings of Civil War naval commanders. Six items.

General John Ellis Wool Autograph Letter Signed "John E. Wool". Two pages, 5" x 8", Troy, August 17, 1864, to E. C. Kent, Esq. An interesting letter about the Civil War written a year after he retired from the army, in part: "...if my suggestions had been heeded and acted upon we would escaped the rebel raid recently in Maryland and Pennsylvania, which has reflected so much disgrace on those who directed our military operations in and about Washington. What surprised me more than anything else, was, that a force of either ten, twenty, or thirty thousand men should have left Richmond and not to have been seen or heard of until they commenced plundering Maryland, etc..." Wool was an officer in three wars serving from 1812 until 1863. When the Civil War broke out, he was one of the four general officers of the U.S. Army and commanded the Department of the East. Included in this lot is a period steel engraving. The letter is in very good condition with some light staining, laid down at the corners to another sheet.

John F. Reynolds Scarce War Date Endorsement Signature "John F. Reynolds Maj. Gen. Vols. Comdg." removed from a document, "Hd. Qrs. 1st. Infy Corps", January 11, 1863. Reynolds (1820-63), a Union major general, was captured at Glendale, later fighting at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg where he was killed by a sharpshooter on the first day of the battle. Just months after this was penned, he arrived with the vanguard of Federal forces into Gettysburg. It was while bringing up the 2nd Wisconsin Infantry, he was shot from his horse an killed instantly on July 1, 1863. Small loss at upper left, else fine. A fine rarity.

Two Union Generals' Letters. The first is a letter from Union General Daniel Sickles concerning Grant and Lincoln. Major General Daniel Sickles commanded New York's Excelsior Brigade during the Civil War. This three-page letter written from Governor's Island and dated only "November 3rd" notes Sickles' disappointment that General Ulysses S. Grant "has made such a mistake". He goes on to write that President Lincoln "esteemed General Hancock highly and would have placed him in command of the Potomac if he had not been persuaded by ... Meade". Sickles was obviously not happy with Lincoln's decision-making skills at the time. Marked "private", this is a rare look behind the scenes of a general officer's thinking during the war.

The second letter is from Union General John Schofield to Major General Hancock in 1877, written While Schofield Was Superintendent of West Point. Union General John Schofield, hero at the Battle of Franklin, was an 1853 graduate of West Point. In this letter, written while he served as superintendent of West Point in 1877, he invites Union General Winfield Scott Hancock to witness the graduation ceremonies at West Point and to "dine with the Class of 1853". Measuring 5.25" x 8.25", this three-page letter is an interesting correspondence from a Civil War general officer who went on to command West Point.

Major General John Sedgewick Autograph Letter Signed "John Sedgewick Maj. Gen.". On Sixth Army Corps letterhead, two pages, 8" x 10", Culpepper, Virginia, December 1, 1863, to Col. Eli Long. It reads in part: "...anything I can do for you in the way of your promotion will be most cheerfully done. I do not think any new regiments will be raised...the tendency I think is to...rely on volunteers...it is impossible to obtain recruits for the old regiments, so long as states pay such large bounties...". The letter has minor age toning and some moderate foxing, otherwise very good. Sedgewick (1813-1864) was a Union major general wounded at Antietam and Glendale, found at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and was killed by a Confederate sharpshooter while claiming that the Confederates wouldn't be able to hit an elephant at such a distance.

Union General John Sedgewick CDV and Autograph Note Signed. "John Sedgewick". One page (clipped from a document) 3.5" x 2.5", with writing on the verso, Hampton, Virginia, April 2, 1862, in fine condition. The note addresses a charge of desertion against one "Lt. Alfred D. Hynes". It reads in part: "...This is a case of desertion, and I recommend that his name be stricken from the rolls...". This lot also includes a CDV of a seated Sedgewick, clear and sharp, with E.& H. T. Anthony backmark, in fine condition. Both items are neatly displayed in a Riker mount with a scene of Sedgewick's death clipped from a magazine. Sedgewick (1813-1864) was killed by a Confederate sharpshooter at Spotsylvania in 1864.

Major General William Tecumseh Sherman War-Date Autograph Endorsement with 19th century engraved portrait, no date, on 6.5" x 3.5" lined paper, excised from a document of unknown content, "Approv'd W.T. Sherman Maj. Gen. Comdg", double matted and framed under glass in 11" x 17" frame with a 5" x 7.25" engraving of Sherman, in very good condition.

General Philip Henry Sheridan Autographed Calling Card with 19th century engraved portrait, no date, 3.25" x 2", on heavy card stock, "P.H. Sheridan Lt. General U.S.A.", mounted on top of single matt with 19th century engraving of Sheridan, in 10.5" x 14.5" frame, under glass, in very good condition.

Union General Daniel Sickles Handwritten Approval Note and Signature - A Month Before Gettysburg. This endorsement is signed by Major General Daniel Sickles just one month before the Battle of Gettysburg where he would lose his leg in action. Dated May 30, 1863, the order is also signed by two other Gettysburg veterans, Colonel William Brewster, who would lead the Excelsior Brigade at Gettysburg, and Colonel John S. Austin, who would lead one of the regiments, the 72nd New York, at Gettysburg. The order measures 3" x 8" and is in excellent condition. With this document is a Brady carte de visite of General Sickles as a brigadier seated and holding his sword. The CDV is a strong image with some glue at the edges of the picture but does not affect the image.

An 1861 American Express Stock Certificate, Signed by Founders Henry Wells & William Fargo. Elegant graphics on this scarce Civil War-era stock certificate, type IVA, dated April 4, 1861. Minor light aging, and the signatures are a bit light, but very clear. Measures 11.5" x 8".

Civil War Generals: Union. Comprises: (1) Franz Sigel. Autograph Letter Signed: "F. Sigel", 2p, 4.25" x 7", separate sheets. New York, June 7, 1901. To the Chicago Daily News. He will "write the article you desire on 'The effects to the United States of the political moment of 1848 in Europe, which resulted in so many persons coming to the United States,' etc. - I would suggest that, as the insurrection of 1848 was followed in 1849 on a larger scale, the whole regular army of Baden of 25,000 men taking sides with the revolutionists, the fortress of Rastadt was taken and a number of battles were fought...." Minor stain. Sigel was a leader of the Baden revolutionary forces and, in April 1848, had led a militia of more than 4,000 volunteers in a siege against the city of Freiburg; his army was annihilated by Prussian and Württemberg troops. In 1849, he became Secretary of War and commander-in-chief of the revolutionary republican government of Baden. After Prussia suppressed the revolution, he fled to Switzerland and then to England. Sigel emigrated to the United States in 1852. (2) Daniel E. Sickles. Typewritten Letter Signed: "D. E. Sickles", 1.5p, 7.75" x 7.5", separate sheets. New York, March 26, 1904. To Hon. James H. Manning, Albany, N.Y. In part: "My impression is that I gave the flag you mention to your father - my old friend of earlier days in Albany - during the session of 1864, when I was made the guest of the Senate en route to the south on a special mission for President Lincoln...He was always very kind to me, giving me conspicuous mention and full reports in the Legislative columns of The Argus...." James H. Manning's father, Daniel Manning, worked at the Albany "Argus", becoming its editor in 1865. He later served as Grover Cleveland's Secretary of the Treasury (1885-1887). The two pages have been tipped at the upper edge to an 8.75" x 6" card. Signature has been heavily blotted, but legible. (3) Nelson A. Miles. Typewritten Letter Signed: "Nelson A. Miles", 1p, 8" x 5.5". Headquarters of the Army, Washington, D.C., February 4, 1896. To Mr. A.E. Allen, New York, sending a photograph (not present). Miles distinguished himself in the Civil, Indian, and Spanish-American Wars, having the unique distinction of being the custodian of Confederate President Jefferson Davis at Fortress Monroe after the Civil War and, in 1886, capturing Geronimo. Tipped at the upper edge to an 8.75" x 6" card. (4) William B. Hazen. Manuscript Letter Signed: "W. B. Hazen", 1p, 8" x 10". War Department, Office of Chief Signal Officer, Washington City, December 7, 1883. To Henry B. Dawson, New York City, informing him that "a copy of 'Professional Paper' Nos 4, 6, 8 and 11" had been mailed to him. (5) Henry H. Sibley. Autograph Letter Signed: "Henry H. Sibley", 1p, 5.25" x 8.25". The University of Minnesota, St. Paul, November 26, 1888. To Mr. B. Perry, Woodbury, N.J., about a letter he did not receive. Sibley was the first Governor of Minnesota (1858-1860). (6) Henry W. Slocum. Autograph Statement Signed: "H W Slocum", 1p, 5" x 8.75". Brooklyn, N.Y., no date. To Mr. D. C. Farrington. In full: "At the breaking out of the Civil War, I returned to the service, as Col of the 27 NY Vols - was promoted to the rank of Maj Gen of Vols - and at the close of the war was in command of the Left Wing of Sherman's Army." The General Slocum was a steamship named in his honor and launched in 1891. It caught fire and burned to the water line in New York's East River on June 15, 1904. More than 1,000 people died in the accident, making it New York City's worst loss-of-life disaster until September 11, 2001. (7) Alexander Shaler. Autograph Letter Signed: "Alexander Shaler", 2p, 8" x 10", front and verso. Head Quarters 1st Division, N.G.S.N.Y., New York, April 15, 1885. "Personal" letter to General J.B,. Carr, Comdg 3d Div., urging him to "join us in the opposition to the schemes for legalizing 'play soldiers', by signing the enclosed petition. It meets the approval and has been signed by all the Maj. Genls. except yourself...." Two mounting remnants in blank areas on second page. (8) William F. Smith. Card Signed: "To Master Gerard Roberts/with Kind Wishes from/Wm F Smith/Late Majr of Vols/Bvt Maj Genl U S Army/Lenape Pa/June 22nd 1889", 3.5" x 2.5". (9) Robert Patterson. Autograph Letter Signed: "R Patterson", 1.5p, 5" x 8", separate leaves. Philadelphia, August 21, 1880. To Colonel L P Nicholson arranging a meeting. The Irish-born officer was a Colonel in the War of 1812 and a Major General in the Mexican and Civil Wars. (10) Albert Ordway. Autograph Letter Signed: "Albert Ordway", 1p, 7.75" x 10". Washington, D.C., May 30, 1885. To J. C. Buttre, N.Y., ordering 32 portraits from his catalogue. Wrinkled in upper right, slight separation at right at mid-fold. (11) James B. Ricketts. Manuscript Letter Signed: "James B. Ricketts/Maj Gen USA", 1p, 5" x 8". Washington, D.C., June 3, 1872. To Capt. A. A. King, regretting his inability to "attend the Reunion of many of my old Command...." (12) Marsena R. Patrick. Manuscript Document Signed: "M. R. Patrick/Capt 2 Infy/A.C.S.", 1p, 8" x 6.5". Vera Cruz, Mexico, February 5, 1848. "Invoices Sub Stores this day turned over by Capt M R Patrick 2nd Inf, Act C.S.M, to Capt. F.H. Martin, A.Q.M., for transportation to Lieut W.B. Blair, ACS, City of Mexico./ 20 Barrels Hams.../100 Boxes Candles.../1 Keg Whiskey 10 Gallons.". 12 items.

Civil War Autograph Book with Sixty Autographs including several officers in the Corps d'Afrique, the first black regiment in the U.S.A. This 5.5" x 7.5" book has its original buckram, gilt-stamped covers and belonged to Charles C. Hodsdon of Saco, Maine; his signature is on the first free endpaper along with his photo. Most of the autographs inside are dated from 1862 to 1865 and include: "F.S. Nickerson / Brig Gen. U.S. Vols..."; "Geo. L. Andrews / Brig. Gen Vols / Comdg. Corps d'Afrique / Nov. 27. 1863"; "Thos Sheffer/ Chief Engineer / U.S.S. Genl Price"; "Frederick H. Man / Capt. 84th U.S Infantry & A.A. Inspector General Defences N.C. / February 19 1865"; "JereFenno, Paymaster. U.S. Vols..."; "Cyrus Hamlin / Col 8 Regt Corps d'Afrique"; "Walter Failing / Actg Surgn 8th Regt / Corps d'Afrique..."; and "Edwin S. Wheeler / Chaplain 8th Reg Corps d'Afrique / Port Hudson [Louisiana]..." Lincoln's first vice president. "H. Hamlin" signed later in 1879.

The Corps d'Afrique was formed in response to XIX Corps General Orders No. 40 which "...propose[d] the organization of corps d'armee of colored troops, to be designated as the 'Corps d'Afrique.' It will consist ultimately of eighteen regiments..." Officers were largely white and they wore regulation uniforms. Most of the soldiers came from the Louisiana Native Guard, a group of free blacks formed to defend New Orleans for the South. Once the North captured New Orleans, they changed allegiance and many of them, along with a number of former slaves, joined this Corps. An excellent item, worthy of further research.

Civil War Naval Log For U. S. S. Sumpter, 59 pp. manuscript of approximately 200 pp. bound, 4vo ( 7.75" x 12"), marbleized hard covers, July - August, 1862. A factual, no-nonsense log from a Yankee gunboat plying the western rivers. One of the more interesting aspects of this record is that the entries for each day are divided into "watches" of 2-4 hours and are signed, presumably, by the duty officer for each watch. Although most entries record the weather, there are several accounts of military action. The most notable of these mention the "Rebel Gunboat Arkansas" on the Yazoo River and an uncomfortable grounding near the Red River in which rebel civilians alert military authorities of the immobile Sumpter. Wear and some chipping to covers, else internally fine.

Civil War Navy Diary From The U. S. S. Wachusett. Journal of the Cruise of the U.S. Steam Sloop "Wachusett" 1862. Frank K. Moore, 1863, approximately 120 pages, of which 63 pp. contain manuscript entries covering the period between March 12 and June 13, 1862, folio (8.5" x 13.5"), leather covers with paper wraps, marbleized end papers. The keeper of this journal hailed from Massachusetts and served on several U.S. Navy ships until 1867. Moore's term as Acting Assistant Paymaster aboard the U. S. S. Wachusett was his first Civil War assignment. The journal entries are penned in a large, legible hand and record his impressions of the activities around him, which in large part seem to have been supporting McClellan's army during the Peninsula campaign. The journal's paper wrap has several splits and some loss, however the covers are sound, the bringing is tight and the interior is clean. The Wachusett, a 1,032-ton sloop-of-war, was launched in the Boston Navy Yard and commissioned in March, 1862. Her initial cruise covered the lower Chesapeake Bay and James Rivers. The Wachusett's great moment, however, came far from home in Bahia, Brazil on October 7, 1864 when she violated the port's neutrality and captured the famous Confederate commerce raider, C. S. S. Florida then in residence.

A Civil War Surgeon Chronicles the Closing Days of the War. Civil War Surgeon's Diary of Dr. James Thomas Ghiselin. Dr. Ghiselin was a surgeon in the U.S. Army from 1855-1875. He served primarily in the Southwest Territories, but was transferred in January of 1865 to General Sheridan's command in Virginia.

The diary begins on January 14, 1865 with entries thru January 19. Daily entries begin again starting on February 28, 1865 and end on May 3, 1865. The March 26 entry states that Dr. Ghiselin joined General Sheridan on the James River across from Aiken's Landing. The diary is an accurate account of Grant's final campaign, ending with the surrender of General Lee at Appomatox Court House on April 9, 1865. (see E.B. Long, The Civil War Day By Day: An Almanac 1861-1865)

Dr. Ghiselin was the surgeon assigned to General Sheridan's Cavalry during this campaign and the diary entries include descriptions of the engagements on a daily basis. Detailed descriptions are highlighted of the battles of Five Forks, Amelia Court House, Sayler's Creek, and the attention to the wounded involved, including Confederate prisoners. The diary includes a first-hand entry of the surrender and Union celebration at Appomatox. The diary also mentions General Custer and other Union officers' actions during the campaign.

The diary is a period, leather-bound 6" x 3" pocket notebook with approximately 200 pages of which 50 have entries in a legible hand. The entries are all in pencil and are generally in very good or better condition. Included with the diary is a pass issued to Dr. Ghiselin dated November 30, 1864, allowing him to travel to any station or depot in the Middle Military Division by command of Major General Sheridan, signed by E.B. Parsons, Provost Marshal. Also included is a one-page handwritten note to Dr. Ghiselin dated April 1, 1865, informing him of 50 wounded men left in a house for his attention.

Handwritten Union General Orders From South Carolina Barrier Islands. This series of nine letters from the barrier islands including Edisto Island of South Carolina during the Civil War give insight into the everyday administrative happenings of the Union troops in mid-1862. Three of the letters are written and signed by C. W. Foster, then a major in the Union army and an assistant adjutant general. Foster was later in charge of the Bureau of Volunteer Troops that concerned the enlistment of black Union soldiers during the war. The letters are all 7.75" x 9.5" and in very fine condition.

Collection of 34 Civil War Autographs. A rich and varied collection focused mainly on Union generals. Official documents, autographs, clipped signatures, letters and checks are presented here in a three-ring binder with short biographies of each subject. The material ranges in date from the antebellum years into the 20th century. Several of the personalities included are: Hannibal Day, Joseph Keifer, Adam Badeau, Randolph Marcy, Willam Buel Franklin, Joseph R. Hawley, John White Geary, Edward D. Townsend, S.V. Vliet, Albert Ordway and Robert C. Schenck. As with any large and disparate grouping condition varies widely among the contents. Overall the items are lightly aged and very good.

A Group of Three Union Naval Admiral's Signatures including David E. Farragut who signs "D. E. Farragut Admiral" on a 3.25" x 2" card; Stephen Decatur on a 4" x 1.5" slip of paper; and David D. Porter on 4" x 1.75" slip. All three mounted to a larger sheet. Farragut's signature bears a few contemporary ink stains, else very good. A fine group or significant naval persons from American history.

Civil War Dispatches of Union General Napoleon Dana. There are over sixty dispatches, general orders and letters written or signed by Union Major General Napoleon Dana in this archive. Most are dated during the Civil War as General Dana commanded a brigade in Sedgwick's Division on an expedition to Texas chasing Confederates and then with 13th Army Corps he commanded in the District of Vicksburg. The dispatches give vivid details of General Dana's travels through the war.

Napoleon T. J. Dana was born April 15, 1822 and was graduated from West Point in 1842. He served bravely in the Mexican War being severely wounded at Cerro Gordo. He tried banking in Minnesota in the late 1850s but became a brigadier general in the state militia before the war. He raised and commanded the 1st Minnesota Infantry at the outbreak of the war.

The archive is written on several different sizes of paper and all the letters are in good condition. A few of the letters are post war and were written while Dana served as a railroad executive.

Group Lot of Union Officers' Autographs including the following:
Thomas Lincoln Casey (son of Silas Casey)- 1890 ALS as general regarding his father
Charles H. T. Collis- 1885 LS and 1892 ALS with Civil War content.
Philip St. George Cooke- Signature with rank written below.
George W. Cullum- Two 1853 ALsS.
John W. Hofmann- 1864 DS, handwritten 1880 speech with initialed printed copy, two 1879 ALsS with military content, 1887 ALS regarding a Battle Flag, his Civil War pension certificate.
Gustav Kammerling- 1890 ALS regarding his general's commission.
John C. Kelton- 1887 LS on War Department letterhead, 1858 ALS from West Point.
Daniel Ullman- Very interesting 1863 LS regarding promotions in his regiment. He says that "the Major, Henry C. Blanchard is totally unfit for command. He is a drunkard, a silly, vain and constant liar...".
Stewart Van Vliet- 1886 ALS
Gouverneur K Warren- 1861 ALS as colonel NY 5th Volunteers, 1866 LS mentioning General Grant, 1876 LS, 1878 LS, undated ALS.
An interesting lot. Condition generally fine.

Collection of Union Soldiers' Letters Including Pennsylvania 119th and 138th. This lot contains six fine letters written from the fields of battle to the folks back home. Five of these are identified as being from two soldiers that failed to ever return to the loved ones who received these letters. Two are from Edward E. Coxe who was mustered into "D" Company of the Pennsylvania 119th Infantry as a 1st sergeant. He was promoted to 2nd lieutenant on January 6, 1863 and died of wounds in Washington D.C. on November 22, 1863. One of his two letters is dated April 12, 1863 from Camp near White Oak Church, Virginia to Robert Coxe (his brother) and mixes family content with interesting remarks about the war. In part: "...The speech of Gen Ben Butler I think one of the greatest and grandest speeches since the war began. He is a patriot every inch of him. How I wish we had a thousand more like him...I only wish every soldier in the army could be furnished with a copy of his great address...We have had in succession, a Brigade review, a Division review, a Corps review by Hooker, then three days picketing along the Rappahannock, watching & talking to the 6th North Carolina, on the opposite side, then finally four Corps, our own (the Sixth) among the number, reviewed by Old Abe & Mrs. Lincoln themselves..." His other letter is dated February 4, 1863 from Camp near Belles Plains Landing, also to brother Bob, and delivers news of his promotion to 2nd lieutenant. Both of these letters include the original mailing envelopes.

There are three letters from Martin Fehl who mustered into "G" Company of the Pennsylvania 138th Infantry as a private. He was wounded on November 17, 1863 at Mine Run, Virginia and killed on June 1, 1864 at Cold Harbor, Virginia. The first letter offered here speaks mostly home and farming with one poignant line (as written): "...give my best respects to aul the girles up thare tell them that I intend to come home to se them aul and I want to have a big time with them..." The second letter is to his "Sisternlaw" and imparts that he is doing "...well and hearty". The third letter is more interesting, dated April 19, 1864 from near Brandy Station, he writes to his brother, in part (as written): "...And I was sorry to here that you are so ignerent a bout war matters as to think that all whe ar fiting for is for the nigers and if it was sow I am shure that I cant help it but I think whe are fiting for the write caus and if you are feered of the draft and dont want to fite for your Country please dont wound my feelings for I feel like given my life for my Country if needs be..." That's just what he did- less than two months after writing these words.

The last soldier letter is a six-pager from an unidentified soldier John written September 10, 1861 from Meridian Hill, Camp Bates, Near Washington. Also included in this lot is a two page letter from Jonathan A. McAllister to famous historian and wood engraver Benson John Lossing dated May 1, 1864. All letters are all generally in fine condition with expected folds and occasional staining. Typewritten transcripts of all letters are included.

Civil War Generals Talk Candidly About the War in 1864. Two fascinating nineteenth century manuscripts quoting Generals William T. Sherman and Winfield Scott's opinions of the war during its waning months. The first item: four pages, 5" x 8", handwritten by N. M. Waldburg-Barclay quoting remarks "...made by General Sherman during an evening visit to Telfair...towards the close of the month of December 1864." The remarks quoted here emphasize Sherman's disdain for Britain, in part: "I hate everything British, and I have given orders to my troops to destroy British property wherever they find it. This war would not lasted half so long but for England...My favourite Charger was killed under me and the ball which destroyed him was stamped Birmingham...This was once over I shall turn my attention to England...My first act will be to free unhappy Ireland from her yoke...I shall march upon London and shall pitch my tents in Hyde Park..." Very good condition with only minor staining. Originally purchased at a Parke-Bernet Galleries auction in the 1950s.

The second item is a two page manuscript by Benson J. Lossing, 7.5" x 12", August 5, 1864. It reads, in part: "Last evening I met the venerable Lt. Gen. Scott on the [Steamboat] Mary Powell and had a long and interesting conversation with him...Scott has full faith in the final success of our arms- that Atlanta, Petersburg and Richmond will be taken. He says the advantage of intrenchments is less than once over an open field...He alluded to two or three elements of strength possessed by the rebels- 1. the Confederate debt. It is due to everybody at the South. If the cause fails every creditor loses everything. 2. The unanimity of the women, who influence the men. 3. The certain destruction of the Military and Civil leaders of the Rebellion if it fails...He spoke of Lee with great sorrow. He had fallen into that delusion- hallucination- State rights, and followed its lead, while his heart was with the old flag..." Fine condition.

Collection of Union Muster Rolls and Documents including the following items: 56th Pennsylvania Infantry- Muster Roll of the Detachment dated August 31, 1863, Return for the month of September 1864, and a Morning Report dated August 16, 1863; 1st Pennsylvania Infantry- Muster Roll dated April 21, 1861; 201st Pennsylvania Infantry- Muster Roll dated October 31, 1864; 1st Massachusetts Infantry- Muster and Descriptive Roll dated February 23, 1864, Muster and Descriptive Roll dated January 1, 1864; a letter from Captain Francis B. Owen of the Office of the Commissary at Yorktown, Virginia dated October 28, 1862 regarding the condemnation of some substinence stores; and an interesting though unsigned or dated manuscript regarding army organization and logistics- five+ pages, beautifully and neatly handwritten. The regimental documents are generally in very good condition, some with fold weaknesses that are easily repaired- very displayable and invaluable as research tools.

Large Collection of Eighteen Civil War-Related Letters and Manuscripts including:
Benjamin F. Butler (1818-93): war date manuscript DS, one page, 5" x 8", Fort Monroe, Virginia, December 10, 1863, a pass "...given to W. H. Stiner Esq. to visit any point within this department..."; ALS, one page, 5" x 7", [no place, no date]; TLS, one page, 8" x 9", Boston, July 23, 1886 concerning a title search, tipped to a larger sheet; LS, one page, 5" x 8", Gloucester, Massachusetts, August 25, 1866, concerning someone falsely claiming his endorsement of "the North American Prize Concert" together with a letterpress copy of the letter that garnered Butler's response; a group of four signatures, each on a 5" x 8" sheet.
[John A. Dix] (1798-1879): Telegram from Marshal George R. Dodge, one page, 8" x 5.5", [no place, Baltimore?], July 30, 1861, reporting that he has "...sure information as to concealed arms in the house of Charles Howard Esq...".
Pvt. J. M. Dalzell, Ms, three pages, 8" x 10", Washington, February 3, 1864, a poem entitled "The Blue and the Gray".
H. H. Ellis: a group of seven autograph letters written in Washington from June 1, 1864 to January 6, 1865, offering tidbits of war news: "[July 15, 1864] ...Our great scare is over the rebels having disappeared across the Potomac! Our Court is soon to try an important political offender of Kentucky, a la Valandingham... [December 9, 1864, describing a visit to the Capitol] ...I had the pleasure if such it may be called of a view of Fernando Wood, particularly distinguished by his very gentle manly bearing. He has the appearance of a very cool and shrewd man and exceedingly dignified..." More good content. Together a total of eighteen pieces in overall very good to fine condition.

58th Massachusetts Volunteer Grouping that includes a Manuscript Copy of Lee's General Orders No. 9. Over fifteen letters, approximately 45 pages, 5" x 7.5", 1864-65, various Virginia locations to Plymouth, Massachusetts. These letters, in both ink and pencil, were written by Private Ansil T. Bartlett and were primarily sent to his father in Plymouth. Many of them have covers carrying Alexandria, Virginia postmarks and 3-cent rose stamps. The 58th Massachusetts was raised in 1864 for three years and was immediately sent to the front where it participated in the siege of Petersburg and its associated battles. Private Bartlett found himself in a sorry state in short order. A June 18, 1864 letter reads in part: "Dear father and mother, I now in Washington at the hospital sick and should like to see you very much and should like to have you come on and see me. I do not weigh more than 100 pounds now...you must excuse my bad writing because I am not fit to hold a pen in my hand I am so weak and tremble very bad." Other letters are datelined at Petersburg. This grouping also includes two civilian 1/9th plate tintypes of Bartlett taken after the war. One of these carries a verso inscription that states he lost a leg in the war and later became an RFD mailman. An enigma in this collection is a period manuscript copy of General Robert E. Lee's famous General Orders Number 9, which served as his farewell to his beloved Army of Northern Virginia. The letters average very good condition; the tintypes are in fine condition; Lee's General Orders are only in fair condition with considerable soiling , splits and areas of paper loss.

Confederate Generals Barnard and Hamilton Bee. Shortly before he was killed at First Manassas, South Carolinian Barnard E. Bee won enduring fame for exhorting his men forward with the cry, "There stands Jackson like a stone wall! Rally behind the Virginians!". His brother, Hamilton, also a brigadier, had settled in Texas and returned to that state after the war.
Barnard E. Bee- clipped signature. Fine condition.
Hamilton P. Bee- Signature card with rank below. Light stains, fine condition.

Palmito Ranch Participant Theodore H. Barrett Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 5" x 9", Herman, Minnesota, September 3, 1889, to General Henry M. Cist, Cincinnati, Ohio. It reads in full, "General, I have no copy of the reprint of General Boynton's letter on the battles of Chattanooga and Chickamauga. I would thank you to send me one. Very Respectfully,". Union Colonel Theodore left Brazos Santiago,Texas on an inland expedition that culminated in the Battle of Palmito Ranch, May 12-13, 1865. Barrett's spree of destruction was halted by Confederate forces under Colonel John S. "Rip" Ford in a pitched battle involving artillery as well as cavalry. This fight, occurring over a month after Lee's surrender, is regarded as the Civil War's last battle. Ironically, it was a Confederate victory. Moderate browning with small area of loss to one corner and a tiny split on lower margin.

Judah P. Benjamin Autograph Letter Signed, "J.P. Benjamin". Two pages, 4.5" x 7.5", London, September 1, 1865, to Edwin G. Lee, Montreal, Quebec. Having excellent content, the letter reads:"I have just arrived in London, and find the public affairs of the Confederacy in lamentable disorder. I am closing up the accounts of all agents of the Department, and collecting the funds remaining on hand to pay the most scared claims against the Government, among which the first and most pressing is that of the President and his family &c. I know that Mrs Davis is entirely without resources. I have therefore to beg that you will as speedily as possible forward me your account, and remit the unexpended balance of the funds I sent to you in Canada." Fine condition. Judah Benjamin was undoubtedly the South's most brilliant statesman and served her admirably as Confederate Secretary of State. After Richmond's fall, he became a wanted man and made his way to safety in England. Although Benjamin found himself without a country, he still felt responsible for certain unfinished affairs of state. This letter is penned from London to Edwin Grey Lee, a former Confederate brigadier and secret service operative in Canada. Since Benjamin was acting in an official capacity, he signed off as Secretary of State. This is quite possibly the last official letter of the Confederate Government by Secretary of State Judah P Benjamin.

General Edward R.S. Canby: Scarce Orders in His Hand. On notecard letterhead of "Headquarters, Military Division of West Mississippi, New Orleans, La., ,,,,186_." Undated, but almost certainly 1864. The order reads, "Send these and the dispatches for Gen. Halleck by the boats and deliver for the next boats, Edw. Canby M.G." The document measures 5" x 4.25", and is in very nice condition. Attractive display presence.

Rare Confederate Navy Document Signed, "Josiah Tattnall". One page letterhead pre-printed with "Confederate States Navy Station, Georgia and South Carolina. Commandant's Office, Savannah", 7.5" x 9.75", January 19, 1862. Manuscript orders drafted and countersigned by one C. Lucian Jones, Flag Officer's Secretary. They read:"Sir: You will proceed to Norfolk Va via Augusta Geo & Raleigh NC in charge of certain ordnance, and report to Flag Officer Forrest. After the execution of this duty you will return to Savannah". Folds from mailing, a few minor stains and a small perforation above the printing. Nearly fine condition. The primary signatory of this document, Tattnall, was a Georgia native and a career naval officer who had entered United States service in 1812. Tattnall here mentions French Forrest, another old Southern salt. Forrest commanded the Norfolk Naval Yard until it was abandoned to Union forces and would thereafter be involved with the Confederacy's James River Squadron..

Jefferson Davis War-Date Autograph Letter Signed. An ALS written at Richmond, June 5, 1861, to the Right Rev. Wm. McGreen, Jackson, Mississippi, in reply to a letter or recommendation for a military appointment. 7.5" x 9.5", original folds, otherwise very fine.

Confederate Government Signatures. President Davis, Vice-President Stephens and nearly all members of the Confederate Cabinet are included here as follows:
Jefferson Davis- signature card. Old tape not affecting signature, light foxing throughout, good condition.
Alexander H. Stephens- two signed cards, very good condition.
Judah P. Benjamin- two clipped signatures, one large and one small, fine condition. Benjamin was Attorney General, Secretary of War and Secretary of State respectively.
Thomas Bragg- clipped signature, fine condition. Served as Attorney General.
John C. Breckinridge- Clipped signature, fine condition. Commanded Kentucky's "Orphan Brigade" before becoming Secretary of War.
William M. Browne- signature card as Secretary of State, fine condition.
George Davis- DS on Confederate Department of Justice letterhead, very fine condition. Davis was the last Confederate Attorney General.
Robert Hunter- clipped signature, fine condition. Served as Secretary of State.
Stephen R. Mallory- signature card, very fine condition and free-franked cover. Secretary of the Navy.
Christopher Memminger- clipped signature, soiling, good condition. Secretary of the Treasury.
George W. Randolph- ALS as Confederate Secretary of War, one page, to Jefferson Davis, July 1, 1862. The content deals with communications and mentions a dispatch to General Bragg. On coarse brown Confederate paper, fine condition.
John Reagan- signature card, fine condition. Postmaster General for the entire war.
James A. Seddon- ANS as Secretary of War on C.S. War Department note pape, old tape not affecting signature, good condition.
James A. Seddon- ALS as Secretary of War on War Department stationery to Joseph Brown, Governor of Georgia. Fine condition with a large, bold signature.
Gustavus W. Smith- post-war ALS, fine condition.
Robert A. Toombs- post-war ALS, stains and aging, good condition. The confederacy's first Secretary of State.
George A. Trenholm- ALS, one page, as Secretary of the Treasury on Department stationery, some soiling, else very good condition.
Leroy P. Walker- signature card, very fine condition. The confederacy's first Secretary of War.
Thomas H. Watts- ALS, one page, 1864 as Governor of Alabama, fine condition. watts had previously serves as C.S. Attorney General.

Jefferson Davis Signed Card. An excellent example of this always-in-demand autograph. Measures 2" x 3", with strong, clear ink signature.

Varina Davis ALS in Jeff Davis Free-Franked Cover. Varina Howell Davis Autograph Letter Signed, "V. Davis", one page, 4.25" x 7", Washington, D.C., n.d., to Martha Wade, Georgetown, District of Columbia. The body of the letter reads,"I send you the receipt for crochet bonnets and regret that I could not send it earlier. I hope Mademoiselle was not inconvenienced by the want of it. I will send the basket by the first opportunity, and be much obliged to you for bringing it for me. the girls send their best love to you and please accept mine, and give my respects to Miss Engliso...". The cover bears a Washington FREE postmark and is signed "J Davis U.S.S." Although undated, it is likely that this letter was mailed during Davis's first term in the U.S. Senate, 1847-1851. Overall fine condition.

Handwritten Note Signed By Jefferson Davis. This handwritten note written in Memphis, Tennessee by Jefferson Davis informs an unnamed person that: "I cannot tell you how or where to obtain the autograph of Genl. Lee. Respectfully, Jefferson Davis"

Measuring 4.5" x 7.5", this is a curious handwritten note written by the president of the Confederacy and comes with a gray hardbound slipcover with gold lettering.

Morning Report Signed by Confederate General Samuel W. Ferguson. This handwritten and signed report of the companies reporting for duty near Matthews Bluff, South Carolina under the command of Brigadier General Samuel Wragg Ferguson shows his combined troop strength and 1209 horses. Broken down by commands, one of which is the 2nd Alabama, the totals include 29 scouts. Measuring 8.75" x 10.5" and in good condition, this is a daily account of a cavalry brigade that fought through the Atlanta Campaign, signed by Brigadier General Samuel W. Ferguson. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, Ferguson was a West Point graduate who served in the Mormon Expedition. Becoming a lawyer in Mississippi after the war, he died in 1917. His signature is scarce in any form.

Rare Confederate General Ambrose P. Hill Endorsement Signed "A.P. Hill", one page, 3" x 2.25", framed and matted under glass (25" x 20" overall) with a print of Hill and plaque, np, April 2, 1863. The endorsement reads: "H. Qrs A.P. Hill's Light Division, April 2, 1863, Respectfully forwarded" to which Hill has written "disapproved. I prefer Prv(?) Falman(?) being examined by my own engineers. A. P. Hill, Maj. Genl". Hill's Light Division distinguished itself in the Seven Days Battle, Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run, Antietam and Fredericksburg. Hill was killed by a Union soldier at Petersburg seven days before Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House.

Confederate General John B. Hood Signature and CDV. "Yours Truly J.B. Hood" on a 3.5" x 2.25" card with a carte de visite of Hood, in a modern decorative frame (12.5" x 9"). Hood's signature is bold and the CDV is sharp with only some minor age toning.

Confederate General J.E. Johnston to P.G.T. Beauregard Autograph Letter Signed "J.E. Johnston", one page, 5" x 8", matted and framed under glass (13.5" x 25.5" overall) with print of Johnson, Centerville, Virginia, November 10, 1861, to General P.G.T. Beauregard. It reads: "Dear General, Stuart told me last night that Evans has two companies in addition to the cavalry force you assigned to him. They were sent some weeks ago to relieve two others & E. kept all. The heavy guns at Harper's Ferry could, perhaps be brought to Leesburg by Snicker's Ferry thence by turnpike. I should think this: that it could be used as well, for the same purpose at H. Ferry. Yours truly, J.E. Johnston." This important letter is a reference point for four Confederate generals: J.E. Johnston, P.G.T. Beauregard, J.E.B. Stuart, and Richard Ewell. Centerville, Virginia was the winter headquarters for the Confederate Army during the winter of 1861-62. The letter is in fine shape, easily legible and the ink is still bright. There is one small hole in the top left corner.

Wartime Lucius Lamar Autograph Letter Signed, "L. Q. C. Lamar". One page with verso docketing, 7.75" x 9.75", Vicksburg, Mississippi, December 10, 1862, to "Sec. of State". It reads: "All that I have on earth except my wife and children and two servants with some family silver, has fallen into the hands of the enemy, the result of the last falling back from Abbeville. My wife will need about five hundred dollars - per quarter - of my salary. She says she can with that get along comfortably, living with my family in Georgia. I have written to Mr. Benjamin about it but as i cannot expect him to attend to a matter so purely private & personal allow me to bespeak your personal attention to the matter. The loss of my estate does not affect me at all. I care not for riches & if God will only vouchsafe me a sound body & a clear intellect I shall be unutterably grateful. My wife as true & beautiful a heroine as ever figured in romance or real life takes her loss like a true Longstreet. I am and ever shall be your friend and admirer,". Mailing folds and light aging as expected, else fine condition. Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (1825-1893) was probably writing here to Mississippi's Secretary of State. As a diplomat, Lamar represented the Confederacy in Russia. after the war Lamar served in the United States Senate and was a Supreme Court Justice.

Robert E. Lee's Family: Three Prominent Lee Autographs consisting of:
George Washington Custis Lee 1878 ALS. Son of the famed general.
Fitzhugh Lee- Autograph card as governor of Virginia. A prominent C.S.A. general in his own right, he was the nephew of Robert E. Lee.
William Henry Fitzhugh Lee- Second son of Robert E. and also a C.S.A. general, the youngest major general in the nation's service.

Robert E. Lee Handwritten and Signed War Telegram. Confederate War telegram dated June 5, 1862 addressed from Goldsboro, North Carolina to General Lee. Signed, "T. H. Holmes', General Theophilus Hunter Holmes was a Lieutenant General who saw action at 1st Manassas and commanded a division at Seven Days. Countersigned on verso by Robert E. Lee as follows: "Respectfully submitted For the information Of the President RE Lee 5 June 1862".

A unique war telegram measuring 6.5" x 4.875" with a handwritten note to President Jefferson Davis and signed by General Lee, this telegram is cased in a nice gray bound slipcover with gold engraved title.

Impressive Fitzhugh Lee Signature as Governor of Virginia with 1862 E. & H. Anthony Carte de Visite of Lee Fitzhugh Lee, nephew of Robert E. Lee and Confederate Major General graduated from West Point in 1856. He would serve throughout the Civil War distinguishing himself as a gallant cavalry officer. While first serving as a Lieutenant Colonel under famed cavalryman General JEB Stuart, Lee became a legend in his own right rising to the rank of Major General and commanding the entire Confederate cavalry at war's end.
Lee's storied military career carried him on to elective office rising to the Governor's office in Virginia in 1885 serving until 1889. This striking notary public's commission is signed with a flourish by the one-time Civil War hero. The 10 ½" x 8" document bears the bright red "Sic Semper Tyrannis" seal of the state of Virginia and is dated March 16, 1887. The large, bold signature is prominent at the bottom right of the document. The certificate appoints one 'D. C. Lancaster' in Montgomery County, Virginia to a commission as a notary public.
Nicely matted and framed, the document is in excellent condition with only paper folds evident. It is accompanied by a 2 ½" x 4" carte de visite of Fitzhugh Lee as a colonel in the Confederate army, just at the time he was riding with JEB Stuart. The photograph is by the famous E. & H. Anthony studios of New York and has been trimmed at the corners but in otherwise good condition. An engraved plaque decorates this custom-framed piece that documents the post-war activities of one the war's most famous generals.

Longstreet Post-war Manuscript Disputing Official Records. Pencil manuscript in General Longstreet's hand, 3 pages, 8" x 12.5", ca. 1890s. James Longstreet pasted the facsimile of a published letter by Robert E. Lee to a sheet of notebook paper and proceeded to dispute its validity as a historical resource for future students of Gettysburg. He wrote in part:"There is a letter published in the Records of the Rebellion purporting to be from General Lee, viz...R.R. Vol 27. pt III page 948...As dated 730 AM it is not corroborative nor coordinated with contemporaneous orders or movements and is likely if not carefully noticed to lead the historian into some trouble...on the 28th he prepared to march on to Harrisburg on the 29th, that after night fall of the 28th, my scouts came in and reported positions of parts of the Union Army on the north side of the Potomac that upon that report the order of march for the 29th was changed. It seems conclusive that the first order for change was for concentration at Chambersburg ...The Second corps when about to march on the 29th under its orders for Harrisburg, received the counter orders, sent after the report of the scout was made, and changed direction as was ordered by the later dispatches...Now it is noted in the letter book from which the above has been taken that it was recorded from memory..." Light overall aging with minor loss to edges, else very good condition. An excellent opportunity to acquire a first personal historic retrospective of the troop movements leading up to the battle of Gettysburg.

John S. Mosby Image With Autograph Note Signed, "Jno. S. Mosby". This unique pairing consists of an albumen print, 4" x 3.75", framed with an explanatory note in Mosby's hand measuring 3.75" x 3". It reads, "Copy of a daguerreotype taken in Charlottesville when I was student at the University - or soon after I left there: I am wearing the badge of the Washington Society." Both items are matted and framed to an overall size of 12" x 14". Light aging and stains, else good condition. Confederate Colonel John Singleton Mosby won enduring fame by raiding deeply into Federal-held territory from early 1863 until war's end. A lawyer by trade, Mosby had attended the University of Virginia until being expelled for shooting another student!

Confederate Postmaster General John H. Reagan. This appointment certificate of a postmaster is signed by Confederate Postmaster General John H. Reagan. Dated July 27, 1861, he appoints Charles Canterbury as the postmaster to Craney, Virginia in Wyoming County. The document measures 12" x 7.5" and has been slightly reduced and shows slight foxing. Included at the bottom of the certificate is a Confederate five-cents postage stamp. John H. Reagan was famous for his efficient administration of the Confederate Postal Service, which actually turned a profit. This was due in part to the fact that at the outbreak of the Civil War he recruited many of the US Postal Service employees at Washington DC who came to serve with him, many bringing their official records with them.

John C. Reagan, CSA Postmaster General, Autograph Letter Signed. This handwritten and signed letter by Confederate Postmaster General John H. Reagan is written on Confederate States of America stationary. Dated December 5, 1864 at Richmond, this 7.5" x 10" document is in very good condition with one minor tear at top right. Addressed to "His Excellency, The President", Reagan is inquiring as to a resolution passed to determine the ages of the "...lady clerks", Reagan signs the document: "With great respect, Your Obt Servt, John H. Reagan Postmaster General".

John Henninger Reagan was born in Tennessee in 1818 but made his way to Texas by the age of nineteen. He is an historic figure in the state of Texas serving as a probate judge, a state legislator and in Congress until the Civil War. Knowing his state would secede from the Union, Reagan went back to Texas and took part in the secession convention in Austin. He was elected to serve Texas in the Provisional Confederate Congress but within one month was chosen to serve in the cabinet instead.

As Postmaster General of the Confederate States of America, Reagan pulled off a remarkable feat. Through an agent, he convinced the bulk of the U.S. Postal service in Washington, DC to go to work for him. The employees brought vital documents that, through Reagan's efficient administrative efforts, allowed the Confederate Postal Service to be quite successful- even turning a profit.

As Richmond fell, President Jefferson Davis escaped with Reagan and Texas Governor Francis R. Lubbock, all three eventually captured in Georgia. Returning to Texas after the war, Reagan again was elected to Congress, helping found the Interstate Commerce Commission and championed the cause of historical work by founding the Texas State Historical Association. He died in 1905, the last of the CSA cabinet members.

Complete with a gray hardbound slipcase with gold engraved lettering, this is a handwritten, signed document of an important Confederate cabinet member and noted Texan.

Edwin M. Stanton 1863 Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 4" x 7.5", "Washington City" letterhead, September 11, 1863. In full: "The Adjutant General will give a pass & transportation to Levi E. Short to go to Hilten [sic] Head & take with him 400 gross Greek fire and report to General Gilmore with request that he furnish Mr. Short Substinence & quarters as long as he deems Mr. Shorts presence useful to the service...P.S. Direct the Chief of Ordnance to order 400 gross of Mr Shorts Greek fire." Greek fire was a burning-liquid weapon originally used by the Byzantine Empire. Inventor Levi Short or Philadelphia resurrected the substance during the Civil War as an incendiary substance used to charge shells. It saw little service because of its tendency to explode in the gun before it was fired. Short's version was probably a solution of phosphorus in bisulfide of carbon. This letter shows Stanton's willingness to try a "new" weapon in hopes of bringing a quicker end to the war. Very good condition. Purchased from Charles Hamilton in 1955.

Alexander H. Stephens, Confederate Vice President, Autograph Letter Signed, December 7, 1843. Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America from 1861-1865, was born in Crawfordsville, Georgia in 1812. He graduated first in his class from Franklin College, later the University of Georgia and became an attorney. He was elected to Congress in 1842 and started his noted political career in the lower house where he served until 1858. With the Civil War brewing, Stephens sought to have Georgia remain within the Union. Voting against secession at the state convention, he nevertheless supported his state and the Confederacy serving in the first Confederate Congress where he was named Vice President of the Confederacy.

A strict states' rights advocate, he opposed President Jefferson Davis' infringement on individual rights and promoted a vigorous prisoner exchange program. In February 1865 he was the Confederate States' representative at the Hampton Roads Conference where he attempted to negotiate peace with President Lincoln on the steamer River Queen.

At the end of the war he was arrested at his home in Crawfordsville and imprisoned for five months. The voters of Georgia returned him to Congress until he resigned in 1882 to be elected governor. He served only a few weeks, dying in March 1883.

This ALS is dated December 7, 1843 and was written at Washington while Stephens served in Congress. It bears a red 'free frank' stamp and is postmarked at Washington as well. Measuring 8" x 10" it is three pages in length and is in fine condition. Addressed to John L. Bird at Crawfordsville, Georgia, the letter criticizes the content of many of the congressional speeches Stephens had heard while in Washington. Telling Bird that "he never speaks unless he has something to say", Stephens notes he himself had not spoken as yet. The letter comes with a hardbound gray slipcase which is engraved with gold lettering.

Clement Vallandigham Pre-Printed Letter Signed, "C.S. Vallandigham", one page, 8" x 10", Dayton, Ohio, May 7, 1861, to A. McGreggor, Canton, Ohio. It reads in part: "...the purpose of the Lincoln Administration...is being abused to the utter destruction of the constitution and the inauguration of military despotism...If there be any spirit of liberty left, is it not time to arouse and strike a blow to rescue the Republic from an impending military despotism...". Folds from mailing and light aging, else fine condition. Vallandigham, a U.S. representative from Ohio, is best remembered for being an outspoken leader of the anti-war Copperhead movement in the North. His seditious behavior brought about Vallandighma's arrest and ultimate exile from the United States.

Fine War-Dated Letter to General John C. Breckinridge recommending a V.M.I. cadet who fought at New Market. Charles W. Russell writes from Richmond, June 15, 1864, to commend one Samuel S. Shriver of Wheeling to the former U.S. vice president turned Rebel leader. Measures 8" x 10" with outstanding display appearance.

Virginia Artilleryman's Letter Home Describes Gettysburg. Autograph Letter Signed, "James F. Newman", 4 pages, 4.5" x 7.75", Jefferson County, Virginia (now West Virginia), July 19, 1863, to his wife. Written a little more than two weeks after the event, Newman's letter reads in part: "...I am well and come out of the fight unhurt...I have been through two hard fights and come out the same way...When we was in Pennsylvania we got aplenty of everything we wanted that was good to eate...a solid shot passed rite by my leg s and struck one of our men but did not hurt him much we had a hundred and eighty cannons all firing at the same time and the yankees about three hundred and the noise they made was beyond discribing I will leave you to imagine for yourself what the noise could have been...I was completely brokedown pore George was in the charge but I dont know whether he was killed wounded or not we took about 8 thousand prisners and picket Division went to Richmond with them...we was repulsed with heavy loss and had to fall back for more ammunition...If you only knew what I have suffered since I saw you you would be troubled to death...". Complete split across top fold with minute split along bottom fold. Light even aging, overall good condition. The author of this letter served in Captain Fry's Virginia Light Artillery and aptly describes here the great duel at Gettysburg. Newman was to be captured at Spottsylvania the following year and ended his was a prisoner at Fort Delaware. Unlike many of his comrades, he would survive the war, living until 1890.

Lt. J. Irwin Kendall of the 7th Louisiana Aide-de-Camp's Correspondence to General Walthal including 100+ letters and 50+ photographs. From the Battle of Shiloh to Johnson Island Prisoner of War camp, this Confederate field officer's correspondence archives documents from his antebellum, Civil War, and postbellum life in New Orleans. He was the personal aide-de-Camp to General Walthall and was by his side at all the major battles of the Army of Tennessee. This included the Siege of Vicksburg, Mobile, and Atlanta, where he was captured. Letters from his brother, who was also captured on Galveston Island, Texas, are included. It also includes a "Military order" to shut down the Picayune Newspaper, denying the citizens of New Orleans the Right of Free Speech! Dated May 25th, 1864, "In Obedience to an order from the Major General Commanding the Department, the publication of the Picayune newspaper is hereby suppressed until further Orders." Of course the Picayune is still printing today and is the largest and most famous newspaper in Louisiana. A wonderful and unpublished correspondence worthy of a book!

North Carolina Confederates. Included are the following:
John Branch- Two Autograph Letters Signed, 1829 and 1830, fine condition. Branch served as Governor of North Carolina.
Lawrence O. Branch- ANS, light stains, fine condition.
Junius Daniel- ALS, one page, Kinston, NC, March 27, 1863, to D. H. Hill, Greenville, NC. A very rare war-date letter regarding troop movements in Eastern NC. On coarse Confederate paper. Aging, else fine condition.
Bryan Grimes- clipped signature, fine condition.
Daniel Harvey Hill- war-date clipped signature, "Daniel H. Hill", as a brigadier. Stains, good condition
Daniel Harvey Hill- Postwar ALS, "D.H. Hill", on Arkansas Industrial University letterhead. Very fine condition. Hill had been an educator on the eve of the Civil War, supervising the NC Military Institute in Charlotte.
Robert F. Hoke- signature card with rank, very fine condition with large, legible sig.
William W. Kirkland- signature card with rank below. Very fine condition. Kirkland's home, "Ayr Mount", is open to the public in Hillsborough, NC.
James G. Martin- ALS, 3 pp, 1862, to NC's governor. Fine condition. General Martin discusses troop placement in northeastern NC.
Stephen D. Ramseur- DS, July, 1864. Fine condition. A rare document naming slaves employed by Jubal Early's division.
Matt W. Ransom- ALS as U.S. Senator, 1882. Very fine condition.
Matt W. Ransom, signature card. Very fine condition.
Robert Ransom Jr.- Signature card, fine condition.
Thomas F. Toon- signed war-date CDV in colonel's uniform. No backmark, very good condition.
Zebulon B. Vance- Signed card, fine condition. Although not a general, Zeb Vance galvanized the Tarheel war machine and became a hero in his own right.

Six Missouri Confederates. Group of seven signatures representing six officers from Missouri. Included are:
John B. Clark, Jr.- clipped signature, very fine condition.
John B. Clark, Jr.- signature card, some soiling, fine condition.
John S. Marmaduke.- clipped signature, very fine condition. Marmaduke later become Governor of Missouri and to this day one can hear "Marmaduke's Hornpipe" played by Missouri fiddlers,
Sterling Price- ANS, 1847, a few stains not affecting signature, fine condition.
Joseph Shelby- ALS, one page, Adrian, Missouri, July 10, 1882, to General Henry M. Gist, fine condition. "Jo" Shelby was, surprisingly, a U.S. Marshall during his later years. In 1865 he had refused to surrender, fleeing to Mexico with Price and other diehard Confederates.
Alexander E. Steen- Small albumen print, 2.25" x 4", signed on the verso. One corner clipped, some soiling, else very good condition. Steen was killed at Kane Hill, Arkansas on November 27, 1862.
M. Jeff Thompson- signature card, 1871. Very fine condition. Thompson, the "Missouri Swamp Fox", was the bane of Federals in Southeast Missouri.

Confederate Navy Signature Lot An extraordinary grouping of six signatures pertaining to notables in the Confederate Navy. Lot includes:
Admiral Franklin Buchanan- Signature card, fine condition.
Catesby ap Roger Jones- one page 1870 ALS, fine condition.
Matthew Fontaine Maury- Clipped signature, fine condition.
Raphael Semmes- Signature card, light soiling, else fine condition.
Josiah Tatnall- ANS, 1848, heavy stains, good condition.
John Randolph Tucker- 2 pp. ALS, 1857, fine condition.

Three Confederate Soldier's Letters. Sections of three separate signed letters from one F. Buntzen, laden with great content.

Group Lot of Five Confederate Officers' Autographs from the Desirable Army of Northern Virginia consisting of:
Major John Pelham (commander of JEB Stuart's horse artillery, killed March 1863 at Kelly's Ford)- Pencil signature on a section of printed book page.
John Brown Gordon- Bold, large clipped signature with rank below. A scarce signature.
Jubal A. Early- Autograph card with "Lynchburg, Virginia" below. Also scarce.
Richard S. Ewell- Clipped signature. Scarce.
William Mahone- A signature on a White House card.

Group Lot of Seven Confederate Political Leaders Autographs consisting of:
John Letcher (Virginia governor 1860-1864)- Bold autograph with "Lexington, Virginia" below.
Abraham C. Myers (C.S.A. quartermaster general)- Attractive 1859 business ALS.
Francis H. Pierpont (Union governor of Virginia)- Autograph card.
John Slidell (Confederate diplomat)- Large, bold clipped signature.
Francis H. Smith (Superintendent of V.M.I. for 50 years and commanding officer at John Brown's execution)- Signed note dated February 6, 1865.
Francis H. Smith- 1884 ALS on V.M.I. stationery.
William Smith (Virginia governor 1864-1865)- Autograph card with biographical information. Slight bleeding of ink overall.

Confederate Congressional Imprint, "Public Laws of the Confederate States of America, Passed at the First Session of the First Congress"; 1862, 65 pages, 6.25" x 9.75", Richmond, Virginia. Plain paper wraps, the whole tied with string. Moderate browning throughout, some stains on outer sheets. Overall good condition. A rare compilation recording the initial activity of the Confederate Congress. Among the first business attended to was that the establishment of salaries for elected officials. Other measures of note define the nature of the new Confederate Government, including one allowing the president to suspend the writ of habeas corpus as needed.

Johnson's Island Confederate P.O.W. Autograph Book, over 150 pp., 5.25" x 7.75", tooled leather covers. An exceptionally fine collection that opens on page 5 with the following dedication rendered in high Victorian calligraphy: "To Miss Diana Park, Whose numerous and liberal acts of kindness have, during my incarceration in a Military Prison, relieved the ennui and depression attendant upon my deprivation of liberty This book, with sentiments of gratitude and esteem is respectfully presented. M.P. Tucker Capt 55th Ga Reg Greenville Georgia." Page 7 gives the book's title as, "Autographs of Confederate Officers confined in U.S. Military Prison Johnsons Island Ohio June 7, 1864." This collection consists of 129 signatures, four of which are penned by generals. The generals signing are Isaac Trimble, J. J. Archer, John Wesley Frazer and William N. R. Beall. Most of the autographs contain rank, unit and hometown information. Many of the signers augment this information with the place and date of their capture. Prominent actions listed are Chickamauga, Gettysburg and Port Hudson. Of special interest are the many officers from Kentucky's Bluegrass region who were captured during John Hunt Morgan's famed 1863 raid into Ohio. The covers are a bit worn, however the binding remains tight. Overall fine condition.

Virginia Confederates Ashby, Imboden and Mosby Autographs Turner Ashby, John Imboden and John Singleton Mosby were true cavaliers of the Old Dominion. Mosby, although never attaining a general's collar wreath, certainly deserves inclusion in this lot.
Turner Ashby- ADS on March 2, 1862 C.S. requisition form. Fine condition.
John D. Imboden- Signature card with rank below. Fine condition.
John S. Mosby- ALS on his business stationery, March 15, 1873. stains along left margin, else fine condition.

Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard: A Significant Telegram from General Thomas Jordan, with Two Initialed Notes by Beauregard. Dated January 14, 1862, this is a long autograph order from Jordan (Sherman's room-mate at West Point), who headed Headquarters 1st Corps AP Near Centerville, regarding secret plans for crossing "the river." Beauregard has added pencil notations about the use of lanterns to provide light for "...taking the Yankees in rear." His second endorsement notes, "The above properly revised will do." This interesting piece is two pages, each measuring 8" x 10". Excellent condition but for old newspaper glued to (blank) bottom half of back.

C.S.A. General P. G. T. Beauregard Autograph Endorsement Signed on a scarce war-dated telegram. A March 3, 1862 dated telegram from Gen. Samuel Cooper, then the highest ranking C.S.A. general, on which Beauregard has written instructions for disseminating the news that the Confederacy will "accept all twelve months companies that arm & equip themselves." These instructions are written in pencil and signed with his initials. Minor age toning, measures 5.5" x 8.25".

P.G.T. Beauregard Signature Excised From Document Framed With 19th Century Engraved Portrait dated October 24, 1863. Original signature on 3" x 1.75" typical blue Confederate paper excised from larger document of unknown content, double matted and framed under glass in a 10" x 14.5" frame with a 4.5" x 5.5" 19th engraving of Beauregard by George E. Perine, in very good condition.

War Date General Beauregard Document Signed, "G. T. Beauregard". One page with docketing, 7.75" x 9.75", Pocotaligo, South Carolina, April 4, 1863. Written by a Lieutenant L.J. Walker in the "Camp of the Rutledge Mtd Riflemen and Horse Artillery", this item requests the transfer of Private H.W. Crouch, Company "I", 1st SC Volunteers to Longstreet's Corps. This seemingly modest piece of business generated numerous dated endorsements on the document's verso. Among those approving Private Crouch's transfer were General P.G. T. Beauregard, then commanding Confederate forces in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Moderate soiling, large splits on folds. Beauregard's signature is prominent on the middle panel and is quite legible. Overall good condition.

General P. G. T. Beauregard Handwritten War Date Letter. Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard, commonly known as P.G.T. Beauregard, Confederate General, was born on a plantation outside New Orleans, Louisiana in 1818. A West Point graduate (Class of 1838) he served under General Winfield Scott in the Mexican War. After returning to civilian life, he made his way back to West Point first as an instructor, then as superintendent, but only briefly. When Louisiana seceded from the Union Beauregard resigned and returned to serve the South, first as a brigadier general, then major general. Leading the victorious Confederates at 1st Bull Run just six months before he wrote this letter, two weeks after writing it he would be transferred to the west to serve under General Albert Sidney Johnston. After Johnston's death he assumed command of Confederate forces at the Battle of Shiloh.

This letter is dated January 11, 1862 at Centerville, Virginia and provides a glimpse at the everyday affairs of this great general in the lull between 1st Bull Run and Shiloh. Handwritten and signed by Beauregard, the letter is addressed to the Honorable John Calhoun, a member of the state convention at Columbia, South Carolina. It refers to a letter previously written and asks that Calhoun make changes if the letter was to be published.

The letter is in excellent condition and measures 5" x 8" inches and is written on the front and back. An additional sheet of paper is attached but with no writing appearing on it. The letter is cased in a gray hardbound slipcase with gold engraved lettering. This is an historical letter written by a famous Confederate general at a pivotal time of the war.

P. G. T. Beauregard Signature on 3.75" x 2.25" card, "G. T. Beauregard". One small area of soiling, lightly toned, else fine condition. Perhaps because of its lazy, melodious quality, Beauregard's name has become synonymous with the Old South. A Louisiana native, Beauregard served the Confederacy from Sumter to war's end. After high-profile commands at the early battles of First Manassas and Shiloh, he was transferred to oversee the defenses of Charleston, South Carolina.

Confederate General Albert Blanchard Signs a C.S.A. "Special Requisition" Document. On November 14, 1862, Blanchard requisitions 12 cords of firewood for headquarters of the Military District of Northern Louisiana. Fine, strong signature with rank.

Interesting Autograph Letter Signed From Confederate General Braxton Bragg to Union General W. S. Rosecrans. Handwritten and signed by Confederate General Braxton Bragg, this letter is addressed to his nemesis General William S. Rosecrans at Chattanooga during the seesaw exchange of the city between Union and Confederate troops. Dated October 1, 1863, the letter notifies General Rosecrans that Bragg will no longer allow families to pass through Confederate lines just after Bragg had whipped Rosecrans at Chickamauga, driving him back to Chattanooga. Having already fought Rosecrans to a draw at Murfreesboro and beating him at Chickamauga, General Ulysses S. Grant would soon grow tired of Rosecrans and replace him with General George Thomas. It was only with the enormous reinforcements from General Grant that Bragg was forced out of Chattanooga.

This letter measuring approximately 8" x 9" is completely handwritten and signed by Bragg. It states: "Head Quarters Dept. of Tenn. / Oct. 1, 1863 / Genl W. S. Rosecrans / Comdg. U. S. Forces / Chattanooga / Genl, / I am constrained under present circumstances, to withhold my consent to the passage of families from your lines into mine. / I am General / Very Respectfully / Yr. Obdt. Servt. / Braxton Bragg / Genl. Comdg."

An 1837 graduate of West Point, Bragg would later be moved to Richmond as a special adviser to President Davis. After the war he was chief engineer for the state of Alabama and retired to Texas where he died in 1876.

The letter is partially trimmed with one small hole on the right middle. There is some taping behind the letter on the middle right edge, however the handwriting is vivid and compelling. A hardbound gray slipcover with gold engraved lettering comes with the letter. An interesting letter from one rival general to another as they faced each other down at a critical time in the war. War-dated signatures of Bragg are very scarce in any form, let alone in such a desirable example.

John C. Breckinridge, Later a Confederate General, Autograph Letter Signed, March 1853. John Cable Breckinridge served as a major general in the Confederate States Army and later as secretary of war in 1865. A Kentuckian by birth, Breckinridge was serving as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky at the time of this letter in March 1853. This 7.75" x 9.5" document in very good condition is a recommendation letter for a James Coleman of Memphis, Tennessee who was seeking a position as a "Naval Storekeeper." The letter is addressed "Washington City" and is directed to the attention of the Secretary of the Navy. The letter comes with a gray hardbound, gold lettered slipcase.

Breckinridge would be elected vice president of the United States just three years later on the ticket with James Buchanan. An unsuccessful run for president in 1860 left him serving in the United States Senate until he was expelled in December 1861 for supporting the rebellion. He entered Confederate service as a brigadier general. After the war he lived in Europe for three years, returning to Kentucky to practice law until he died in 1875.

Confederate Generals John R. Chambliss Jr. and W. H. F. Lee Endorsements on 1864 Confederate Document. Clipped section of an August 8, 1864 military document, boldly signed by both with their ranks.

Endorsement Signed by Two Confederate Generals - Leonidas Polk and Benjamin Franklin Cheatham. Endorsement on lined paper, 2.5" x 4.5", impressed onto 6" x 8" page, fine. Cheatham was a corps commander under Hood in the Franklin-Nashville Campaign and Leonidas Polk was disemboweled by a Union artillery shell at Pine Mountain in 1864.

Confederate General Patrick Cleburne Signature "Pat Cleburne". Clipped from letter, on blue lined paper, 2.25" x 1.25", mounted to portrait engraving of Cleburne excised from a 19th Century book, book page has evidence of glue bleeding to front, signature slightly faded, else very good.

Confederate Cherokee Letter To Stand Waitie. A secretarial copy of a letter to Generall Stand Watie, possibly penned and signed by R. C. Parks, Lt. Colonel of the 1st Cherokee Regiment, C.S.A., one page, 7.25" x 11". March 18, no year. Parks, with this letter, resigns from Confederate Service. Light stains, very fine condition and rare.

Confederate General James Dearing Autograph Letter Signed "James Dearing." Four pages, 8.25" x 13.5", "In the Trenches", Virginia, April 28, 1862. A wonderful letter written to Dearing's uncle directly from the battlefield during the Peninsula Campaign. Four full pages packed with interesting anecdotes, almost too numerous to describe. Dearing was an artillery commander attached to Pickett's brigade during this time. Dearing describes landing at Ft. Monroe and meeting guides who admonished the men "...to hurry up for God's sake.- that they were expecting a fight every minute." In another passage Dearing complains that Brigadier General John Bankhead Magruder split up his battery and he complains to Generals Longstreet and Pickett. Dearing recounts a story of a battery which failed to fire upon the Northern side thus bringing Pickett's anger to bear: "Pickett is not noted for keeping his temper, so he ripped out with a whole handful of pretty strong words and told them that he ranked Col. Brown and was in command...Longstreet came down just then and told them the same thing in just as plain terms..." Besides recounting some of the more mundane events of campaigning - buying a horse, speaking of friends, etc. - there is also dramatic passages written during battle: "I stopped a few moments just now to fire at the enemy. I threw three shells right in their breastworks and burst through their lines. General Hill who was present was highly delighted." Dearing also describes being under fire: "As I predicted the enemy have opened upon me with their battery in front. They commenced just now as I was starting this sentence. They have my range exactly and burst their shell right over us..." and "While going from one of my pieces [artillery pieces] to the other a piece of shell cut a tree down in less than a yard of me. They have stopped firing now." A collector could hardly ask for more in a Civil War letter than is contained in this wonderful missive. The writing is clearly legible and the letter is in fine condition. Darling was mortally wounded while engaged in a pistol duel with Union General Theodore Read April 6, 1865. He has the distinction of being the last Confederate general officer to die of wounds received in action. Sanders lists no record of an ALS or DS for Dearing. A scarce letter and signature.

Confederate General Johnson Kelly Duncan Autograph Letter Signed. "J.K. Duncan". One page, 8" x 10", Forts Jackson and St. Phillips [New Orleans], Louisiana, March 30, 1862, to Major General Mansfield Lovell. The letter reads: "General, Herewith enclosed, I have the honor to enclose a special requisition for ordnance and ordnance stores, which I consider absolutely necessary for the successful defence [sic] of this place against any attack. Please do not fail to increase my batteries according thereto, with larger and heavier guns, as far as possibly lies in your power.: Duncan died in December of this same year from fever at Knoxville, Tennessee. Sanders lists only a clipped signature for Duncan. This is a scarce ALS.

Confederate Nathan "Shanks" Evans War-Date Letter. A fine October 23, 1861 ALS to Gen. Joe Johnston signed with his (then) rank of colonel. Outstanding content discussing tactics and troop movements. 7" x 10", nice condition with one old tape mark not affecting text.

Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest Signature Card "N. B. Forrest", on 3.75" x 2.5" card, fine condition.

Nathan Bedford Forrest Document Signed Twice, "N B Forrest". $1000 bond for the Selma, Marion & Memphis Railroad, one page with verso docketing, 16.75" x 19.75", n.p., September 1, 1869. A large and colorful lithographed document illustrated with a central vignette showing a train and a smaller secondary image of freedmen picking cotton. The lower portion of this bond consists of thirty-three remaining interest coupons. Bordered in green with the amount being printed in gold ink. Forrest signs as President on the face and again with the verso endorsement. folds and two clipped coupons, else very good condition. Variously "The Wizard of the Saddle" or "That Devil Forrest", Nathan Bedford forrest has been recognized by some authorities as the outstanding tactical genius of the Civil War. Like many other former Confederate officers after the war, he had sought to recoup his fortunes via business.

Confederate General Richard M. Gano Signature Card. Gano, a Kentucky-born Texan, was a practicing medical doctor and fervent preacher. He died in 1913.

Confederate General Archibald Gracie, Killed at Petersburg, signed approval note, clipped and laid down on paper. Confederate Brigadier General Archibald Gracie was born in New York City on December 1, 1832 and graduated from West Point with the Class of 1854. After leaving the army he traveled to Mobile, Alabama to work with his father. He entered service with the 3rd Alabama Infantry at the outset of the war and fought in east Tennessee, Kentucky, and at Chickamauga. After being promoted to brigadier general in November 1862 he was severely wounded at Bean's Station. From 1864 onward he served in the Petersburg trench duty where he was killed by an exploding shell while looking through his telescope at the enemy. His family had allied themselves with the Union during the war. This 3" x 3" clipped handwritten note of approval along with his signature is in good condition. A nice signature and note from a Confederate general.

Gettysburg Confederate Generals Grouping. A truly splendid set of seven Confederate generals who will forever be remembered for their courage and sacrifices at Gettysburg. Included are:
Edward Porter Alexander- ALS, 4pp, 1897. Some fading, else fine condition.
Lewis Addison Armistead- clipped signature from a pre-war Army document, fine condition.
William Barksdale- clipped signature from a war-date letter, very good condition.
Richard B. Garnett- pre-war Army DS, some browning, else very good condition with bold signature.
Henry Heth- Signature card with rank below name, fine condition.
James Lawson Kemper- clipped signature, very good condition.
James Pettigrew- huge clipped signature, stains, good condition.

Confederate General A. P. Hill War-Date Autograph Endorsement. Clipped March 15, 1863, endorsement in his hand and signed. A bit light but clear. Measures 3" x 2.5". Very scarce.

Confederate Generals Leonidas Polk, Zachariah C. Deas, and Thomas C. Hindman Sign on the Same Document. A Confederate military document endorsed August 18-22, 1863, by all three and by Braxton Bragg (signed by his adjutant). Polk is one of the more desirable C.S.A. generals. Autographs of Hindman are also tough.

1863 Confederate Endorsement Signed By Generals Hood, Longstreet, and Bratton. A wonderful endorsement signed "J.B. Hood", "John Bratton", and "J. Longstreet". Endorsement is one page, dated February, 1863, measures 6.5" x 6", regarding disciplinary action against a soldier who switched regiments at will, in fine condition with some age toning to paper.

Confederate General John Bell Hood War Date Autograph Letter Signed. This autographed, signed letter from one of the South's greatest generals, John Bell Hood, is dated November 3, 1862. A West Point graduate (Class of 1853) Hood was sent to Texas to join the elite Second Cavalry regiment commanded by future Confederate greats Colonel Albert Sydney Johnston and Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee. Wounded by a Comanche arrow at Devil's River in July 1857, he would tender his resignation at the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861.

Hood would later command the famed Texas Brigade that would be a key component of Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. For his brilliance at Antietam he was promoted to Major General by his commander General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. Later serving under General James Longstreet at Gettysburg, Hood would be severely wounded losing use of his left arm. At the Battle of Chickamauga, Hood led the rout of Union General William Rosecrans' troops but suffered another serious wound resulting in the loss of his right leg.

After recuperating in Richmond, Hood valiantly returned to war and was promoted to lieutenant general with a corps command under General Joseph Johnston in Georgia. In 1864 with the war going badly, President Jefferson Davis replaced Johnston with Hood in an attempt to stave off Sherman's drive to the sea. Ultimately Atlanta was to be evacuated and Hood started his ill-fated invasion of Tennessee. After resigning his command on January 23, 1865, Hood was ordered to Texas in an attempt to raise more troops but upon learning of the capture of President Davis he surrendered on May 31, 1865. After the war he was in the cotton business in New Orleans, fathered eleven children and died of yellow fever along with his wife and oldest child in 1879.

Measuring 5" x 7.375", this handwritten and signed letter is two pages in length and dated November 3, 1862 right after his heroics at Antietam. It is addressed to Major B. A. Blanton at Frankfort from Mount Sterling, Kentucky where Hood was raised. The subject matter concerns his scheduled movements to Frankfort and then back to Texas. Hood notes in the letter that his mother was doing well. The letter is complete with a gray hardbound slipcover with engraved gold lettering. Hood's autograph is one of the toughest among Confederate generals, and this war dated example is especially nice.

Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson Handwritten and Signed Document. Wrapper page for his "monthly report whilst on leave of absence" signed as U.S. Army major. All the text is in his hand. Measures overall 7.5" x 9" when unfolded, written panel is 3" x 7.5". Beautiful condition for this rare and sought-after autograph.

Confederate Generals Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson and William Dorsey Pender War-Date Endorsements. Center panel (only) from a military document referencing a deserter, signed by both, February 14, 1863. While Jackson's autograph is always sought-after, Pender's is also quite scarce. Measures 3.5" x 6.5". Some staining as shown but both signatures strong and clear.

Confederate General Thomas J. 'Stonewall' Jackson & General Isaac R. Trimble Signed War Document. This document concerning the discharge of a soldier due to his age is signed by the famous Confederate tactician General Stonewall Jackson as well as by Major General Isaac Ridgeway Trimble. A West Point graduate (Class of 1846), Jackson served in the Mexican War where he first met Robert E. Lee. Jackson went on to become one of the most beloved of all the Confederate generals gaining his nickname 'Stonewall' at 1st Bull Run when General Barnard Bee seeking to rally his troops spotted General Jackson's gallantry on the field and shouted, "There stands Jackson like a stone wall - rally behind the Virginians!"

This 11" x 8" document has wear at the three folds and has been adhered to a later document that details payment for Confederate renting of a building. As the relevant document shows, the trail of approval of the soldier's discharge leads to General Jackson where he signs his approval dated February 27, 1863- just three months before he would be accidentally shot by his own troops at the Battle of Chancellorsville. At first he had his left arm amputated, then succumbed to pneumonia dying eight days after the amputation. One of Lee's most trusted generals, after the amputation Lee said, "He has lost his left arm, but I have lost my right arm."

This document has two generals' signatures. Major General Isaac Ridgeway Trimble signed the document the same day just above Jackson's signature. Trimble, although himself a major general, because of ill health could not command a division. He had served admirably with Jackson during the Shenandoah Valley Campaign but was seriously wounded in the leg at 2nd Bull Run. He would later serve gallantly at Gettysburg in Pickett's charge being again wounded in the same leg. Due to the risk of taking him back to Virginia and infection setting in, he was left to be captured by Union troops. The leg was amputated and Trimble served out the remainder of the war as a Union prisoner. The document comes in a gray hardbound volume with gold engraved lettering.

Albert Sydney Johnston, Confederate Lieutenant General, Signed Stock Certificate With Handwritten Notes 6.5" x 4", dated September 3, 1840. This partially printed stock certificate #18 for the town of Swartout, Texas designates A. Sidney Johnston as the holder of one share of stock. Printed on Telegraph Press, Houston stock, the certificate entitles "A. Sidney Johnston" to a share of this Texas town situated on the Trinity River. Handwritten on the reverse, Johnston assigns one-half interest to "Benjamin C. Franklin". Dated and signed "3d September 1840 Al Sidney Johnston".

Johnston, already a West Point graduate at the time, later entered the Confederate army at the rank of full general on August 31, 1861. Uniting his Central Army of Kentucky with the Army of Mississippi in late March 1862, he was wounded in the leg at the Battle of Shiloh. He died on the battlefield April 6, 1862. In fine condition, this is an interesting find from Johnston's pre-War years.

Joseph E. Johnston Autograph Letter Signed, "J.E. Johnston". One page, 5.5" x 5.25", Washington, D.C., March 26, 1884, to Darwin C. Pabry. It reads, "Your note of the 22d inst is just received. Genl Albert Sidney Johnston and I were distantly related, being of the same Scotch family." Light aging, minor stains on verso. Overall fine condition. General Joe Johnston deserves the thanks of all Americans for surrendering his Army of Tennessee to General William T. Sherman at Durham Station, North Carolina on April 26, 1865. Johnston's army, though stung, still had the morale and means with which to carry on the war. Unfortunately, there was no Confederacy left to defend and Johnston refused to commit his men to what would degenerate into an aimless, endless and bloody guerrilla war.

Confederate General John Herbert Kelly 1864 Endorsement. "The Boy General of the Confederacy" signs off on a report of stores of corn. The youngest Confederate general killed (d. 1864) and a tough signature to locate.

Confederate General Julius Adolph de Lagnel CDV Signed "J. A. de Lagnel C.S.A.". Age toning to edges but image is still distinct. No backmark.

Confederate Generals James H. Lane, Henry Heth, and Samuel McGowan Sign Together. Three endorsements, dated February 28 - March 3, 1865, all on the same military document. Some text hard to read, but signatures are clear.

Confederate General Robert E. Lee Signed Document. The lower half of a Washington College student's report card boldly signed by Lee as president of the college. Measures 8" x 5.25".

Robert E. Lee Signed Letter Dated October 17, 1860. Robert E. Lee, later the heralded leader of the Confederate States Army was still in the U.S. Army serving at Fort Duncan, Texas on October 17, 1860. Acting as the officer in charge of a court martial on that date, Lee signed this "Special Order Number 88" which details the name of the man to be tried, William Tully and all the officers and men that made up the tribunal.

Signed almost one year to the day after Lee put down the John Brown rebellion at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in just a few months with outbreak of the Civil War imminent, Lee would leave Texas for Washington, DC where he was offered command of the entire Union army. With the fall of Fort Sumter on April 14, 1861, Lee turned down the offer on April 18th and resigned his commission on April 20th, preferring to take command of the Confederate Army's Virginia forces just days later. He went on to command the entire Confederate States forces and was the hero of the Confederacy.

This letter is a reminder that Lee had an illustrious career in the U.S. Army before the Confederacy. One of his last acts while in that role, this interesting order measuring 7.75" x 9.75" is one page front and back and is in fine condition. Signed "R E Lee" with "Bvt. Col. Comdg Dept." on verso, it comes with its own hardbound gray slipcover with gold engraved lettering.

Robert E. Lee Autograph Note Signed, War Date, Commenting On A Sermon Given By 'Bishop Cobb'. Handwritten and signed by General Robert E. Lee, this letter dated December 19, 1864 is addressed to Reverend C. I. Gibson. Commenting on a sermon written by a Bishop Cobb, Lee writes: "My Dear Sir. I return with many thanks the sermon of Bishop Cobb. It is calculated to give great comfort. R E Lee 19 Dec 1864".

Bishop Nicholas Hamner Cobb was a noted Episcopal Bishop in Alabama. On the date Lee wrote the letter, President Lincoln called for 300,000 more troops for the Union. Also on December 19, 1864 Savannah was evacuated.

Measuring 7.5" x 5", the letter is completely handwritten and signed by Lee. There is some light foxing and the letter has been laid down on cardboard.

Confederate General Henry Little Autograph Letter Signed. A fine 1859 ALS written from Camp Floyd to Colonel Cooper, U.S adjutant general in Washington, with military content. Little (died 1862) is a scarce signature and the Sanders Price Guide to Autographs shows no prices for a document or letter.

Confederate Generals: Longstreet and Sorrel Autographs. An autograph card of James Longstreet with added "Very Truly Yours". Also, an 1890 signed note by Gilbert Moxley Sorrel referencing a Confederate officer. Sorrel's autograph is actually much scarcer than the better-known Longstreet.

Confederate General George Earl Maney Endorsement on 1863 Confederate Document Signed "Geo. Maney, Brig. Genl. Commd.". One page, 8" x 10", July 30, 1863, an application for discharge based on offering a substitute, legible, separated at the folds, age toned, else very good. George Early Maney (1826-1901) was promoted to Brigadier General due to his gallantry at Shiloh.

Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan Autograph Letter Signed, "Jno H Morgan". One page, 7.5" x 10", McMinnville, Tennessee, January 24, 1863, to Philip B. Thompson. Morgan, Kentucky's "Thunderbolt of the Confederacy", had the distinction of striking further into the North than any other legitimate Rebel commander. Here he recommends an old friend for a judgeship. Browning and two small splits on vertical fold creases, else fine condition. A rare and desirable war-date Morgan letter.

Confederate General John Pegram Report Signed "Jn. Pegram". One page, 8" x 10", dated December 14, 1863, report of disabled officers of Pegram's Brigade, fine condition. A report indicating not only names, ranks, regiments, companies but characteristics of disabilities - "...In hands of enemy...", "...Chronic rheumatism", "...Leg amputation", "...Absent without authority", "...Wounded Gaines Mill & since disabled", etc. Pegram was killed at Hatcher's Run on February 6, 1865.

Group Lot of Three Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
E. Kirby Smith- 1892 signed longhand note.
John C. Pemberton- Autograph card with rank below.
Earl Van Doren- Clipped signature with (then) rank of major- cavalry below.
All three are "premium" autographs, scarce and seldom seen.

Confederate General George E. Pickett Autograph Letter Signed. A fine July 4, 1856 ALS written as a captain from a fort in the Western Territories to the Army chief of ordnance regarding some returned stores. Very scarce and sought after Civil War signature.

Confederate General Lucius E. Polk: A Rare Autographed Salt Print. Larger sized salt print with exceptionally strong color. Measuring 3.5" x 4.5" (image only). Signed below: "Lucius E. Polk, Brig. Gen'l CSA...Ark. March 1864." Sanders Price Guide to Autographs lists no price for any signed photo of Polk let alone a war-date salt print.

Edmund Ruffin And John Grimball Signatures. A truly remarkable pair of signatures belonging to the men - both Confederates - who fired the first and last shots respectively of the Civil War. Edmund Ruffin, a Virginia agriculturalist and editor, is credited with firing the first shot on Fort Sumter in April, 1861. John Grimball of South Carolina served on the C.S.S. Shenandoah and fired the war's last shot while cruising the Pacific in June, 1865.
Edmund Ruffin- 2 page ALS, 1836. Ruffin mentions here buying 60 shares in North Carolina's pioneering Raleigh & Gaston Railroad. Split along vertical fold, else fine condition. A very rare letter from the arch-seccesionist!
John Grimball- clipped signature. Very fine condition.

Three Confederate Generals Sign the Same Document. Otho F. Strahl, Wm. J. Hardee, and William W. MacKall all endorse a lengthy list of replacements and promotions, March 27-19, 1864. Excellent, very clean condition, with one small hole. 7.5" x 9.5" unfolded. All three are scarce autographs.

Confederate General JEB Stuart Autograph. A clipped signature with his (then) rank "Col 1st Cav. C.S.A." below. As with most generals killed in the war, his autograph is scarce but his flamboyant appeal adds an extra aura of desirability to this signature.

CSA General JEB Stuart Autograph Note Signed "Lieut J. E. B. Stuart" (1833-1864) Confederate major general of cavalry, who led a daring reconnaissance of McClellan's forces, riding around the entire army. Later turned up late at Gettysburg leaving Lee "blind". Mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern. ANS, Fort Riley, in full: "Be sure to direct Lieut J. E. B. Stuart Fort Riley K. T. P. S. I enclose also $3 more for which please send the Congressional Globe & appendix to P. F. Taylor Fort Riley K. T." A magnificent signature which alone can fetch upwards of $5,000. Representative $3 bill included.

Confederate General Stand Watie Autograph Letter Signed, 7 pages, 8" x 12.25", Canadian District, Cherokee Nation, January 13, 1869 to Elias C. Boudinot. This perceptive letter reads in very small part: "...The importance of the relationship between the Government and the tribes cannot be magnified. They stand in the way of the people of the states, just as the race has always stood...It must have been plain to all men of observation, that the policy of removing the tribes westward must have become inoperative, from the simple fact that there would be in time no lands reclaimed by the Government to which they could be removed. It has at last come to this. We are now looking at the last act of a long drama...". Moderate stains with a few small splits. Overall very good condition. Writing to his nephew, a former Confederate colonel, Watie launches into a perceptive analysis of current Indian affairs. Stand Watie was the only Native American general on either side of the Civil War. He also had the distinction of being the last Confederate general to surrender, not laying down his arms until June, 1865. His signatures, not to mention his correspondence are very, very rare.

Confederate General John A. Wharton Writes to General Braxton Bragg about General Nathan Bedford Forrest. This Autograph Letter Signed ("Jno A Wharton") is three pages (plus docketing on verso), written from Bryantsville [Kentucky] on October 12, 1862. According to the docketed notes, the letter is "In regard to Capt Hamilton taking his company away from his command and marching to join Forrest in Tenn." To quote Wharton, "When I was at Lebanon, Capt Hamilton... arrived from Tenn. He had been left behind by Gen Forrest for some purpose, but his company was with the Regiments. He told me that Gen Forrest had ordered him to come in to this state & take his company back to him at Murfreesborough. I informed him that Gen, Forrest had no right to give such an order..." John Austin Wharton, a lawyer before the war, was born in Tennessee. He had reached the rank of major general when Colonel G. W. Baylor of the 2nd Texas Cavalry killed him in an argument on April 6, 1865. Very rare in war-date material; fine condition.

Confederate General Charles S. Winder, Commander of the "Stonewall Brigade": A Scarce Signature. A fine, clean clipped signature with his then-rank of "Capt. 9th Inft." in the U.S. Army. He was promoted to captain on March 3, 1855, and at 26 this West Point graduate was the youngest captain in the army. By March, 1862 he rose to a Brigadier General and was placed in command of what would later be known as the "Stonewall Brigade". In the run-up to Second Manassas he commanded Jackson's division (Jackson himself commanded the corps), and was killed by an artillery shell at Cedar Mountain on October 9, 1862. His loss was lamented by both Lee and Jackson in their reports.

Famous Confederate Generals' Signatures. A dozen well-known commanders are included here as follows:
P. G. T. Beauregard- clipped signature. Large and legible, very fine condition.
Braxton Bragg- ALS, 4pp., 1870. Some old tape repairs not affecting signature, else very good.
Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb- DS, 1857. Stains, else very good.
Daniel Smith Donelson- clipped war-date signature as a brigadier. Browning, good condition. Fort Donelson was named for this general.
Wade Hampton- Clipped signature as South Carolina's governor. Fine condition.
William J. Hardee- Clipped pre-war signature as a Lieutenant, 2nd Dragoons. stains and aging, good condition.
Albert Sidney Johnston- pre-war clipped signature as a U.S. Army colonel, very fine condition.
Joseph E. Johnston- signature card, clipped signature and post-war ALS. Average very good condition.
Leonidas Polk- clipped war-date signature, very good condition.
Henry Hopkins Sibley- clipped signature from war-date document, fine condition.
Joseph Wheeler- Post-war ALS, one page. Stains not affecting sig, very good condition.
Felix K. Zollicofer- signature card, fine condition.

Group Lot of Seven Scarce Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
John McCousland- War-date August 7, 1861 transfer order signed by him, with his then-rank of colonel. McCousland was the next-to-last surviving C.S.A. general. He died in 1927 at age 91.
Ben McCullough- Signed receipt with nice display presence.
Lafayette McLaws- War-date November 15, 1862 clipped note with his signature and rank.
Evander McNair- Autograph card with "C.S.A. 3rd Ark. Brg." written.
Alexander W. Reynolds- Clipped portion of war-period order, signed with his then-rank of Lieutenant Colonel.
Theophilus Hunter Holmes- Clipped portion of note in his hand & signed.
John B. Magruder- Signed autograph card.

Group Lot of Nine Scarce Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
"States Rights" Gist- Fine pencil clip from a letter, signed "Very Truly Yours," with his rank of "Brig. Gen'l" below.
John Bell Hood- Clipped signature.
Robert E. Rhodes- Clipped signed May 20, 1863 endorsement from a military document.
Micah Jenkins & Samuel Gibbs French- Both sign with their ranks on a clip from a March 25, 1863 endorsement.
James Horgan- Bold signature with rank on an autograph book page. Below he writes details of the composition of his Alabama brigade.
Franklin Gardner- March 10, 1863-dated clip from a military document, with his signature and rank.
William W. Loring- February 16, 1863-dated clip, with his signature and rank. Some slight staining.
Josiah Gorgas- Fine April 29, 1864 LS on official C.S.A. letterhead from the C.S.A. Chief of Ordnance. He assures a Colonel Rennard that he has ordered a battery of 10-pounder Parrotts (cannons) for the defense of Demopolis, Alabama.

Confederate Military Collection. Comprises: (1) Fitzhugh Lee. Partly Printed Letter Signed: "Fitzhugh Lee" as Governor of Virginia, one page, 9.5" x 12". Nashville, Tennessee, March 6, 1889. Interesting letter from L. P. McCord, as Private Secretary to the Governor of Tennessee, to the Secretary of the Governor of Virginia asking that the blank lower portion of this letter be "filled with the signatures of the Governor, Secretary of State and yourself, together with an impression of the Great Seal of your State." Also signed by Virginia Secretary of State "H. W. Flournoy" with the word "Vacant" penned by Governor Lee on the line reserved for the signature of his Private Secretary. The embossed seal of Virginia is to the left of the signatures. Tipped to a larger page. Grandson of General "Light Horse Harry" Lee and the nephew of General Robert E. Lee, General Fitzhugh Lee was Governor of Virginia from 1886-1890. During the Civil War, Lee rose to the rank of Major General in 1863. (2) Roy Mason Hooe. Autograph Letter Signed: "R. M. Hooe/Capt & A.A.G.", one page, 7.5" x 4.5". Corinth, [Mississippi], March 13th [1862]. To the Ordnance Office at Memphis, Tennessee. In full: "Have you received requisitions for ordnance & ordnance Stores for Major Baskerville's Cavalry, if so where is the ammunition. Answer quickly." Affixed to 8.5" x 11" page. On March 12, 1862, the following message was sent to Capt. Hooe by Col. Alfred Moulton, 18th Regiment Louisiana Volunteers, Commanding 4th Brigade, C.S. Forces, Mississippi Valley: "A mounted courier has just reached me with a verbal message from Major Baskerville, stating that the enemy had landed a force at Crump's Landing 18,000 strong, firing upon the cavalry pickets, driving them in." Ergo, "Answer quickly." (3) Marcus J. Wright. Autograph Letter Signed: "Marcus J. Wright", two pages, 8" x 10.5". War Department, Washington, October 7, 1891. Wright tells Mr. A.E. Allen that "I am in no sense a dealer in Confederate pictures - autographs or anything else of the kind" then continues by telling him of the framed pictures he has and how he traded "25 pictures & 2 autograph letters" for "a bed room set of furniture valued at $150.00." Tipped to another page. In April, 1862, General Marcus J. Wright was wounded at the Battle of Shiloh. He served on General Benjamin F. Cheatham's staff during the Kentucky campaign from June to September 1862. In 1863-1864, General Wright was in charge of the district of Atlanta until its evacuation. (4) George W. Martin. ALS: "Geo Wm Martin," one page, 7.75" x 10". Confederate House, Jackson, Miss., October 26, 1862. Informing General Ruggles that he has received the documents sent. Affixed to 8.5" x 11" page. With unsigned carte-de-visite photographs of Wade Hampton and P.G.T. Beauregard. Also, the received copy of a May 4, 1863, telegram from General A. Buford in Jackson to General Ruggles in Columbus, 5.5" x 8", to send "by railroad with dispatch the mounted companies of third Ky. By order of Pemberton." Tipped to larger page. Seven items.

Group Lot of Five Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
William Preston- ALS, one page on lined paper, 8" x 9.5", dated March 22, 1863, signed as Brig. General, fine condition.
Jean Jaques Alfred Alexander Mouton- signed with rank below, weapons return, one page, 8" x 10", ink faded but still legible, near fine.
Carnot Posey- Clipped signature on blue lined paper, fine. Posey was killed in 1863.
Harry Thompson Hayes- ALS, two pages on letterhead, 8" x 10", New Orleans, dated May 15, 1873, fine. This letter addresses an early collector of Confederate generals' autographs request for various autographs.
James Thadeus Holtzelaw- Clipped signature with colonel rank below, 18th Alabama Regiment, dated March 30, 1863.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Wm. Wirt Adams- Clipped signature with several words.
Henry Watkins Allen- April 6, 1864 note as governor of Louisiana.
William Wirt Allen- 1890-dated ALS.
George Burgwyn Anderson- Large, bold clipped signature.
Geo. Thomas Anderson- 1887 ALS regarding his Civil War adjutant, "...one of the bravest & best in the service."
James Patton Anderson- Clipped signature with his rank below.
Joseph Reid Anderson- Clipped signature with several words.
Richard Heron Anderson- Trimmed war-date endorsement note. Temporarily commanded Longstreet's Corps when he was wounded in 1864.
Robert Houstoun Anderson- Trimmed endorsement note.
Samuel Read Anderson- Small longhand note, possibly a trimmed endorsement.

Lot of 7 Signatures From Four Kentucky Confederate Generals. Generals Breckinridge, Buckner, Duke and Helm are represented here as follows:
John C. Breckinridge- clipped signature, moderate foxing. Good condition.
Simon Bolivar Buckner- signature card, fine condition.
Simon Bolivar Buckner- Endorsement on partially printed Confederate receipt. Ink stains, else fine condition.
Basil Duke- signature card, very fine condition.
Basil Duke- ALS, 2 pages, 8" x 11.5", November 27, 1864, Mossy Creek, Tennessee, to a Captain J. D. Landford. In this very rare letter Duke conveys intelligence about Union forces around Knoxville by writing, "...the 10th Michigan Regt is at the Plains, numbering about 300 and that the rest of their forces is at the Fair Grounds...". Basil Duke assumed command of John Hunt Morgan's forces upon the latter's death in September, 1864.
Basil Duke- ALS, one page, 7.25" x 9", November 29, 1864, Mossy Creek, Tennessee, to Captain Landford. A continuance of Duke's correspondence regarding Yankee positions and plans. Fine condition.
Ben Hardin Helm- clipped signature of famed Orphan Brigade general who was killed at Chickamauga. Stains and fading, good condition.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Frank C. Armstrong- Nice signature card with "Brig. General Forrest's Cavalry Corps C.S.A." below.
James J. Archer- Fine three page 1855 ALS, written to President Pierce recommending someone for an officer's appointment. He gives a long history of the family's service in the Revolutionary War. Nice item.
Alphaeus Baker- Two page 1887 ALS on his law firm stationery.
Terrence Simmons Baker- 1891 ALS with Civil War content.
Rufus Barringer- 1871 ALS on his law firm stationery.
John Decatur Barry- Clipped signature.
Seth Maxwell Barton- Small handwritten note.
William Brimage Bate- Nice autograph card with his birth info and "Gov. of Tennessee 1883-4-5-6.". Bate was wounded three times and had six horses shot our from under him.
Richard Lee Turberville Beale- Nice handwritten note with Civil War content.
William Nelson Rector Beall- Short handwritten notation.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Henry L. Benning- Clipped 1863 war-dated endorsement.
Wm. Robertson Boggs- Clipped signature.
Milledge Luke Bonham- Clipped signature with several words.
John Stevens Bowen- Clipped war period endorsement as a colonel. Two stain marks. He fought at Vicksburg and, sick and weakened, died a few days after the surrender.
William Lindsay Brandon- 1887 ALS with Civil War content.
Wm. Felix Brantley- Clipped signature with several words.
John Calvin Brown- Clipped signature.
Theodore Washington Brevard- 1880 ALS.
William Montague Browne- Great 1863 ALS to Jefferson Davis on C.S.A. Executive Department letterhead recommending a young man for a cadet appointment and citing opinions of Generals Wade and Young.
Goode Bryan- Clipped signature with his rank written below.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Joseph L. Brent- Signed cabinet photo.
George P. Harrison- 1890 ALS on his law firm stationery.
Sydney Jackerman- 1882 handwritten note on a postal card.
William H. King- Signature card with rank below.
W. R. Miles- 1883 ALS.
Thomas Taylor Munford- Undated ALS responding to request for his autograph as a "Confederate Cavalry Officer." One stain mark.
Pierre Soule- Large, bold clipped signature.
James Webb Throckmorton- Clipped signature with letter closing. A couple of stain marks.
Daniel Weissiger Adams- 1872 ALS.
John Adams- Small, war-dated note conveying orders. Stained at top.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Abraham Buford- Cut signature.
Robert Bullock- Cut signature.
M. C. Butler- Cut signature. Light stain.
Alexander W. Campbell- Lengthy signed 1853 legal brief in his hand.
James Cantey- Autograph note. Two pieces missing not affecting signature.
Ellison Capers- Clipped signature with several words. Stained.
James Ronald Chalmers- Clipped signature.
James R. Chalmers- Autograph card with rank and "[Nathan Bedford] Forrest Cavalry Corps".
Robt. Hall Chilton- His pencil signature on clipped bottom from a Lee printed order.
William Henry Carroll- Signature on 1847 Tennessee legal document.

Group Lot of Nine Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
James Holt Clanton- Clipped signature with name below. Clanton was murdered in 1871 by a drunken Federal officer.
Charles Clark- 1871 ALS.
Henry DeLemar Clayton- Clipped endorsement with rank, from a Civil War military document.
T. L Clingman- 1886 ALS.
Phillip St. George Cocke- 1831 autograph page as Adjt. Of the Corps of Cadets at West Point.
Francis M. Cockrell- Autograph card with "Missouri" below.
Alfred H. Colquitt- Clipped signature. Later governor of Georgia and U. S. senator. Mounted with original CDV.
R. E. Colston- Two page 1886 ALS.
James Conner- 1882 ALS.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Thomas James Churchill- Nice 1891 ALS. Churchill was elected governor of Arkansas in 1880.
Philip Cook- Nice autograph card with his rank and reference to "Jackson's Corps".
John Rogers Cooke- 1873 ALS with Civil War content. Cooke was wounded seven times before being promoted to brigadier general.
Samuel Cooper- Signed printed 1854 War Department General Order #4 (also with a printed signature of Jefferson Davis as secretary of war). Cooper was the highest ranking Confederate officer and fled with Davis when Richmond fell. A scarce signature.
Samuel Cooper- 1852 ALS as adjutant general of the army, to General Jessup about routine army business.
Montgomery Dent Corse- Clipped signature with his rank below.
Geo. Blake Cosby- Autograph card with his rank below.
Wm. Ruffin Cox- 1890-dated autograph card.
Geo. Bibb Crittenden- Clipped signature with his rank below.
Henry Brevard Davidson- Autograph card with "Danville, California" (his later home) below.

Group Lot of Eleven Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Howell Cobb- Lengthy 1857 ALS as secretary of the treasury. He also served as governor of Georgia.
Howell Cobb- Clipped signature.
John Bratton- Signature card with rank written below.
Lloyd Tilghman- Lengthy ALS dated September 6, no year.
Robert Seldon Garnett- Large card with pencil signature and rank below.
Maxey Gregg (killed at Fredericksburg)- Clipped signature with rank below, as a U.S. Army major.
John Gregg (killed in action near Richmond October 7, 1864)- Clipped signature, stained.
Isaac Ridgeway Trimble- 1887 ALS, signed with initials "I.R.T".
Francis S. Bartow (killed at First Bull Run)- Clipped signature.
Solon Borland- Signature card as U.S. senator from Arkansas.
Pinkney Downie Bowles- 1891 ALS.

Group Lot of Seven Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
William G. M. Davis- Three page 1875 ALS.
Zachariah C. Deas- Jan. 17,1865 clipped endorsement, signed with his rank.
George G. Dibrell- Nice signature with "Sparta, Tennessee" on a note card-size sheet.
Thomas P. Dockery- 1888 ALS.
George P. Doles- War-dated Aug. 21, 1863 clipped endorsement, signed with his rank.
Thomas F. Drayton- Clipped signature.
Dudley M. Dubose- War-dated 1862 signed note, with no war content.

Group Lot of 11 Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
John Echols- Clipped signature with his rank below.
John Dunovant- Killed in action at Vaughn Road, 8 ½" x 11" C.S. A. requisition form for "sergeants swords", undated. Signed with his then-rank of major. A rare autograph; Sanders lists only a signature, no higher forms.
John Echols- A war-date of Dec. 1, 1864 endorsement on an application for clearance to convey supplies to Lynchburg.
Stephen Elliot, Jr- Nice signed note.
Arnold Elzey (Jones)- War-dated June 5, 1863 signed endorsement, with his rank below, on a document regarding military communication.
Clement A. Evans- Trimmed note, signed. Evans was Commander-in-Chief of the United Confederate Veterans when he died in 1911.
James F. Fagan- Clipped signature with his rank below.
John H. Forney- 1894 ALS.
Winfield Scott Featherstone-Clipped signature with his rank below. Two stain marks.
Samuel W. Ferguson- Clipped signed July 16, 1864 endorsement, with his rank below. Stained.
Charles W. Field- Two sided 1887 ALS.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Charles W. Field- 1889 ALS.
Joseph Finnegan- Lengthy signed 1868 legal document.
Jesse J. Finley- 1887 ALS responding to invitation to attend Confederate veterans reunion.
John Buchanan Floyd- Clipped signature signed as U.S. "Secretary of War" (1857). He served as governor of Virginia and commander at Fort Donelson in 1862.
William H. Forney- 1889 ALS on U.S. House of Representatives stationary.
Samuel G. French- Clipped signature.
Samuel G. French- 1899 handwritten signed note.
Samuel G. French- A short signed note, trimmed.
Daniel M. Frost- 1890 ALS, responding to autograph request and suggesting ways to contact a couple of other former C.S.A. generals. Apparently even then collectors were working on sets of these signatures.
Birkett D. Fry- 1873 ALS, in a similar vein to the Frost letter cited above.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
William M. Gardner- Autograph card with his rank below.
Isham W. Garrott- Clipped war-date April 9, 1863 endorsement, signed with his then-rank of colonel below. A scarce signature.
Lucius J. Gartrell- Autograph card with "Atlanta, Ga." below.
Martin W. Gary- Clipped signature.
Richard C. Gatlin- CDV signed on front. Original notation on reverse explains how the autograph was obtained in 1888. Sanders lists no price for a signed photo, indicating no available examples.
Samuel J. Gholson- 1837 ALS as member of Congress. References Indian Affairs.
Randall L. Gibson- Autograph card with "New Orleans, La" below.
Jeremy F. Gilman- Faded, but readable clipped signature.
Jeremy F. Gilman- A fine two-sided 1854 ALS as a U. S. Army captain, on military subjects. Gilman was Albert Sydney Johnston's chief engineer, and was considered the best military engineer.
Adley Hogan Gladden- Clipped signature with rank from war-dated 1861 military document. Gladden's is a tough signature; he died of wounds received at Shiloh, 1862.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
George Washington Gordon- Clipped signature with "commanding, 11 Tenn. Rgt" below, on blue lined paper, very good.
Daniel Chevilette Govan- Signature card with rank below, age toned, very good.
John Breckinridge Grayson- Nice 1847 ANS as Captain.
Martin Edwin Green- Clipped signature with his rank below, very good.
Thomas Green- Signed receipt dated 1850, age toned but bold text.
Thomas Green- Signed endorsement, dated 1855, age toned but fine.
Richard Griffith- Signature card with rank below, dated 1862. Killed at the battle of Savage's Station, 1862.
Johnson Hagood- Large, bold clipped signature.
William Polk Hardeman- Signature card with bold signature, glue stains bleeding to front.
Nathaniel Harrison Harris- TLS, dated 1895, bold signature, nice.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
James Edward Harrison- Clipped signature with letter closing. Age toned but very good.
Thomas Harrison and William Young Humes- Harrison ALS dated 1865 with Humes endorsement on reverse. Paper age toned, else very good.
Robert Hopkins Hatton- Nice large, bold clipped signature.
James Morrison Hawes- Signature card with rank below, attached to paper backing with glue stains bleeding through but not effecting the signature.
Alexander Travis Hawthorn- Fine clipped signature with rank below and Marshall, Texas.
Louis Herbert- Signed clipped endorsement with rank below.
Edward Higgins- Fine ANS, New Orleans, 1862.
Benjamin Jefferson Hill- Bold, large clipped signature with rank below.
George Baird Hodge- Clipped signature on blue lined paper. Very good condition.
Benjamin Huger- ANS, one page, 8" x 10", signed as Captain, dated 1844, rust spots from paper clips, else very good.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
William Young Conn Humes- ANS, one page 9.25" x 7.75", ink has bloomed due to moisture, else very good.
Benjamin Grubb Humphreys- Clipped signature on lined paper, very good.
Eppa Hunton- Signature card, bold from Warrenton, Virginia.
Alfred Iverson, Jr.- Signature card, ink slightly faded, else very good.
Henry Rootes Jackson- DS, promissory note, 8" x 12",state of Georgia, dated 1849 with multiple signatures by Jackson.
Alfred Eugene Jackson- DS, one page, a ration return, 10.5" x 9", dated 1864, extremely fine.
William Hicks Jackson- Signature card with rank below, bold but lightly smudged.
William Lawther Jackson- ALS, one page, 5.5" x 9", dated 1861.
Albert Gallatin Jenkins- Clear clipped signature, very good.
Adam Rankin Johnson- Signature on what appears to be a flyleaf cut from a book. Ink has run in a couple of spots, else very good.

Group Lot of Eight Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
John King Jackson and Alfred Cumming- Both signed endorsements, April 20 and May 3, 1863, to a soldier's request for detachment. Both signatures a little weak but readable. Jackson is scarce.
James Chestnut, Jr.- Nice, lengthy clipped signed endorsement from C.S.A. military document, dated October 31,1864.
Paul J. Semmes- Clipped war-dated signature, April 26, 1863. Very scarce signature.
Claudius W. Sears- Clipped war-dated signature with his then-rank of colonel below.
Clement H. Stevens, Benjamin F. Cheatham and "States Rights" Gist- All sign endorsements on a military document, January 16-17, 1864. Overall aging. Gist signature is very light. Gist is quite rare, while Stevens and Cheatham are also scarce.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Bradley Tyler Johnson- Large, bold clipped signature.
Bushrod Rust Johnson- Clipped signature, wartime date, on blue lined paper, slightly faded.
Edward Johnson- Signed endorsement, one page of blue paper, 7.5" x 10", November, 1851, remnants of glue on back, else fine.
George Doherty Johnston- Signature card with Brig. General rank below and "C.S.A.", clear signature.
Robert Daniel Johnston- Clipped signature with letter closing, rank below, Army of Northern Virginia, bold, clear signature.
David Rumph Jones- ALS, three pages on lined blue paper, 8" x 10", Benicia, California, October 19, 1856, to California Congressman James W. Denver regarding a bill before Congress to raise army pay, with original free-frank envelope, in fine condition. Jones is alleged to have hauled down the national colors at Ft. Sumter.
John Marshall Jones- Clipped signature, wartime date, moderately faded, else good.
Samuel Jones- Clipped signature card, faded else good.
William Edmonson Jones- Signed ration return, one page on blue paper, 7" x 7", June, 1857, clear and very good.
Thomas Jordan- Clipped signature with Adj. General rank below, on age toned paper, else very good.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Joseph P. Kershaw- Autograph card with rank below.
J. D. Kennedy- 1895 ALS.
James H. Lane- 1880 ALS with War reminiscences. His unit lost half of its strength in Pickett's Charge.
Evander M. Law- Autograph card with "Yorkville, S. C." below.
Alexander R. Lawton- 1888 ALS on stationary of the American Legislature in Vienna.
Danville Leadbetter- Clipped signature signed "D.L.", but clearly in his hand. There was no record of his capture or parole when the war ended. He fled to Mexico and then to Canada, where he died in 1866.
Edwin G. Lee- Nice autographed card.
Stephen D. Lee- Signed 1896 TLS with U.C.V. content. He writes, "I am not a relation of Gen. Robert E. Lee's. I wish I were."
Collett Leventhorpe- Clipped letter closing and signature with his then-rank of colonel.
Joseph H. Lewis- 1890 ALS on Kentucky Court of Appeals stationery.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
William G. Lewis- Autograph card including his rank and "Army of Northern Virginia."
John R. Liddell- Endorsement with his rank on official C.S.A. document certifying purchase of goods. Great display appeal.
Robert D. Lilley- Clipped signature with "Very Truly Yours." Lost his arm from a wound near Winchester, Virginia in July 1864.
Thomas M. Logan- Signature card with rank below.
Lunsford L. Lomax- Clipped signature with rank below.
Amistead L. Long- Autograph card.
Mansfield Lovell- Clipped war-period endorsement, with nine words in his hand plus signature and rank.
M.P. Lowry- Fine war-date ALS written from his Tennessee headquarters to Captain White for the commanding general. Dated December 20, 1862, this document discusses troop movements & placements, and then goes on: "Strict discipline is observed...All suspicious persons, as well as all soldiers straggling from their commands are promptly arrested...the citizens say, these are the best behaved troops, and under the best discipline...No complaints of depridations."
Robert Lowry- 1889-dated autograph card with "Governor of Miss. 1882-1890" below signature.
Hylan B. Lyon- Clipped bottom of a note, nicely signed with his rank included.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
William McComb- Autograph card with rank below.
John P. McCown- Clipped September 20, 1862 endorsement with his rank. Light, but readable.
Samuel McGowan- July 29, 1883 ALS to General Davis, signed with "Late Brig Genl in the Army of the Confederate States of America."
William Whann Mackall- Clipped October 8, 1863 endorsement.
Dandridge McRae- Clipped signature.
James P. Major- Autograph card with rank.
Arthur Middleton Manigault- Clipped signature from a war-period endorsement, with his then-rank of colonel.
Humphrey Marshall- Large bold autograph with "Springport, Henry County, Kentucky" below.
William T. Martin- Clipped endorsement in his hand and signed, dated June 26, 1864.
Dabney Herndon Maury- Autograph note signed as "Late Maj. Genl. C. Army."

Group Lot of 10 Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Gabriel James Raines- ANS, one page, 8" x 10", dated February 18, 1847, clothing report, fine condition.
Paul Octave Hebert- ANS, one page on lined paper, 6" x 9", dated August 23, 1873, Louisiana, to Col. Charles E. Jones, fine.
Henry Eustace McCulloch- Cipped signature with letter closing, rank below and "C.S.A.", near fine.
Roger Weightman Hanson- Clipped signature with rank below, fine with glue spots showing.
James Edwards Rains- ANS on blue paper, 7.25" x 2", to wife. "Remember me to all. The companies are now preparing to march. So I must close. Your devoted husband..." Rains was killed at Murfreesboro in 1862.
Richard Taylor- Clipped signature with rank below. Taylor was the son of Zachery Taylor.
John Wesley Frazer- Clipped signature with rank below.
Carmille Armand Jules Marie de Polignac- Signature card with rank below, dated April 14, 1863, in fine condition.
William Steele- Clipped signature with letter closing and rank below.
Walter Paye Lane- Clipped signature with rank below.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Samuel Bell Maxey- Autograph card.
Hugh W. Mercer- Clipped signature with rank.
William Miller- 1891 ALS discussing possible locations of surviving CSA generals.
Young M. Moody- Signature on an 1883 Alabama court document.
John C. Moore- Autograph card with rank.
Patrick T. Moore- Autograph card with rank, dated September 20, 1864. Nice.
John T. Morgan- Autograph card with "Alabama" below.
Allison Nelson- Signature incorporated into an address panel to "Mrs. Allison Nelson." Nelson fell ill of fever and died in service in 1862. Scarce.
Francis R.T. Nicholls- Autograph card.
Lucius B. Northrop- Two-page ALS in his hand and signed with "CSA...A memorandum in relation to the Purchase of Flour." Detailed glimpse into the process of the Confederate Army, referencing markets in Richmond, Manassas, etc.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Edward A. O'Neal- Two documents: Autograph card & a clipped signature with eight words plus rank.
Richard L. Page- 1893 ALS all about C.W. comrades.
Joseph B. Palmer- 1878 ALS to General W.J. Wright, agreeing to furnish him at his request his photograph and autograph book.
William H.F. Payne- Clipped signature with his rank and "Stuart's & Fitz Lee's Division."
William R. Peck- Autograph card with rank.
William N. Pendleton- Clipped signature with rank
Edward A. Perry- Autograph card.
William F. Perry- 1892 ALS.
Edmund W. Pettus- Clipped signature. Elected to the U.S. Senate from Alabama in 1896, he served until his death in 1907, the last of the CSA Brigadiers to sit in the Senate.
Albert Pike- Autograph card dated "Washington, Oct. 10, 1889."

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Gideon J. Pillow- Clipped signature.
John S. Preston- Clipped signature with moderate staining.
Roger A. Pryor - Two samples: Clipped signature and 1915 ALS.
William A. Quarles- Clipped signature with moderate staining.
George W. Randolph- Fine war-date August 26, 1861 ALS to Virginia's governor, a recommendation of a soldier in the Howitzer Battalion seeking a commission.
Daniel H. Reynold- Clipped signature with rank added later.
Robert V. Richardson- Bold signature on 1858 court document. Nice for display
Roswell S. Ripley- Clipped signature.
Roswell S. Ripley- Signature on autograph card.
John S. Roane- Bold signature on 1851 State of Arkansas legal document. Nice.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
William P. Roberts- Autograph card with rank.
Beverly H. Robertson- Clipped signature with rank added later.
Felix H. Robertson- 1913-dated autograph card with rank & "Gen. Joseph Wheelers Corps, Confed. Army of Tennessee."
Jerome P. Robertson- Clipped signature with rank & "Comdg Texas Brig." Wouned at Second Manassas & Gettysburg.
Phillip D. Roddey- Clipped signature with then-rank of colonel.
Thomas Rosser- Autograph card with rank.
Daniel Ruggles- War-period clipped signature with rank.
Albert Rust- Autograph with "Little Rock, Ark."
Isaac M. St. John- Clipped signature.
John C.C. Sanders- Clipped signature with then-rank of colonel.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Alfred M. Scales- Autograph card with "of Greensboro, N.C."
Thomas M. Scott- War-period signature clipped from endorsement on a military document.
William R. Scurry- Rare handwritten 1841 Republic of Texas legal brief, 1.5 pages, boldly signed. Two minor old tape repairs. Scurry is a scarce signature and especially nice in this form.
Jacob H. Sharp- Clipped signature.
Charles M. Shelley- Autograph card with "Selma, Ala" below. Minor stains.
Francis A. Shoup- Autograph card with rank.
David E. Twiggs- Bold signature on U.S. Army Field Report of Second Dragoons, which he commanded, Dec. 31, 1845. Very nice display.
James P. Simms- Clipped signature.
James E. Slaughter- Autograph card. Two light stains.
Gustavus W. Smith- 1889 ALS with Civil War content.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
James Argyle Smith- Signature card with rank below.
Martin Luther Smith- ALS, one page, 7.75" x 10", dated July 14, 1857, fine.
William Smith- ALS, one page, 5.25" x 8", Warrenton, Virginia, August 22, 1861, to Virginia Governor John Letcher, recommendation letter, fine.
William Duncan Smith- Bold clipped signature dated 1862.
Leroy Augustus Stafford- roster for Hays Brigade, one page lined paper, 7.5" x 10.75", August 19, 1863. Stafford was mortally wounded May 5, 1864 at the Battle of the Wilderness.
George Hume Steuart- ALS, three pages, 7.75" x 10", New York, New York, July 29, 1843, fine.
Walter Husted Stevens- Endorsement, 7.75" x 9.25", September 2, 1862.
Carter Littlepage Stevenson- Clipped signature with rank below.
Andrew Peter Stewart- Signature card dated July 10, 1907.
Marcellus Augustus Stovall- Signature card, fine. "M.A. Stovall, Brigadier General Cmdg., Stovall's Brigade, Breckinridge Division, Hill Corps, Army Tenn.".

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Edward D. Tracy- Clipped signature and rank from a war-dated endorsement.
James H. Trapier- War-dated ALS, written October 18,1861 from C. S. Engineers Office, Charlotte, to the Chief of Ordnance Edward Manigualt. References a 12-pound rifled gun, and asks if it has a carriage to go with it. Slight bleeding to ink, not affecting the signature. Trapier commanded Fort Moultrie and Sullivan's Island, but was ultimately found unfit to command by Bragg and died in disgrace in 1865.
William F. Tucker- Clipped signature with rank.
David E. Twiggs- Large clipped signature with rank.
Robert C. Tyler- Clipped signature with then-rank of colonel. Ironically killed just at the War's end on April 16,1865, felled by a sharpshooter. Scarce signature.
Robert B. Vance- Autographed card with rank. Two stain marks.
Alfred J. Vaughn, Jr.- Clipped signature with then-rank of colonel. Document from the war-period.
John B. Villepigue- Clipped signature from a U. S. military document with his then-rank of lieutenant in the dragoons. Very scarce signature.
Henry H. Walker- Autograph card with rank.
John C. Vaughn- Signature clipped from document as brigadier general.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
James A. Walker- Autograph card with rank.
James A. Walker- War-dated November 1862 provisions receipt for the Pioneers Corps of General Ewell's division, signed with his then-rank of colonel.
John G. Walker- 1890-dated autograph card.
John G. Walker and William E. Jones- Both signatures with then-ranks of captain and 1st lieutenant on handwritten 1856 U. S. Army Abstract of provisions, being shipped from Ft. Clark, Texas to a port in New Mexico. Very nice for display with Jones being the scarce signature.
Leroy P. Walker- Undated autograph note in bold pencil.
Reuben L. Walker- 1870 ALS.
William H. T. Walker- War-date February 18, 1864 signature with rank on endorsement on a letter requesting leave of absence. He was killed in action that year. Scarce signature.
William S. Walker- Clipped signature. Wounded in the defense of Petersburg and had his foot amputated.
William H. Wallace- Autograph card with rank.
Edward C. Walthall- Beautiful 8.5" x 11" 1877 LS, two-sided, providing addresses for various surviving Confederate officers he knew about. Very elegant hand and in great condition.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Richard Waterhouse- Fine, bold clipped signature with rank below.
Thomas Neville Waul- ANS, with rank, wartime date.
Henry Constantine Wayne- Clipped signature with rank below.
David Addison Weisiger- signed ration return, 10.5" x 8.5", dated August 25, 1863, 12th Virginia infantry, signature badly faded but legible.
Gabriel Colvin Wharton- ANS, 3.25" x 2.25", fine.
John Wilkins Whitfield- Clipped signature, near fine.
William Henry Chase Whiting- ALS, three pages on blue paper, 7.5" x 12", to North Carolina governor Zeb Vance, dated May 30, 1863, recommending an officer for promotion, fine.
Williams Carter Wickham- ALS, one page on letterhead, 8" x 10", Richmond, Virginia, February 16, 1877, business letter, fine.
Louis Trezevant Wigfall- Bold clipped signature.
Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox- Clipped endorsement, 1864 date, near fine.

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
John S. "Cerro Gordo" Williams- Autographed card with "Mt. Sterling, Ky" below.
Henry Alexander Wise- 1873 signed note on his law firm's stationery.
John M. Withers- Clipped signature with rank.
William T. Wofford- War-dated note, March 31, 1865, to R. J. Hallett, requesting maps of northern Georgia and eastern Tennessee. In the hand of an aide but boldly signed with rank.
Ambrose R. "Rans" Wright- 1848 ALS, endorsing an application to Annapolis.
Marcus J. Wright- 1896-dated endorsement on a note.
Zebulon York- Autograph card with "Vidalia, Concordia Parish, La." below.
Pierce M. B. Young- Clipped signature plus words from a letter.
Pierce M. B. Young- An autograph card signed with his rank.
S. A. M. Wood- Autograph Endorsement Signed

Group Lot of Ten Confederate Generals' Autographs consisting of:
Wm. H Young- Autograph card with rank and "San Antonio, Texas".
Tyree H. Bell- Beautiful handwritten "Special Order No. 24," written at Polk's HQ at Shelbyville, Tennessee, February 9, 1863 authorizing inspection of the horses and mules in the general supply train. Bell has endorsed it at the bottom with his (then) rank of colonel. Nice.
Wm. E. Baldwin- Clipped signature with his rank from war-period endorsement. Killed in service by a fall from his horse February 19, 1864 near Dog River Factory, Alabama. A scarce signature.
Lucius M. Walker- Clipped signature.
John H. Winder- Clipped signature, signed with his (then) rank of lieutenant dated 1823. One of the oldest Confederate generals (born 1800), he commanded the notorious Libby Prison.
Elisha F. "Bull" Paxton- A very scarce autograph. Paxton was part of the famed Stonewall Brigade. Killed on the first day of Chancellorsville, he was buried in the yard of the house where Jackson died shortly thereafter.
Peter B. Starke- Clipped signature from a ward-dated document, November 13, 1862.
Thomas B. Smith- Autograph card with rank.
James Deshler- Clipped signature with his (then) rank of lieutenant in the U.S. Army. Killed in action at Chickamauga. Very scarce.
Preston Smith- Clipped signature. Another Chickamauga casualty, and also a very scarce signature.

Two Magnificent Confederate 1/6th Plate Ambrotypes of Alabama Brothers Housed Together In Scarce Double Union Case. In a successful effort to save his image from becoming anonymous through time, the sitter on the left had the foresight to scratch his name - M. Shuttleworth - into the field of his portrait. Professional research reveals him to be Morgan Shuttleworth, Co. "H", 36th Alabama Infantry. The fellow in the second image, although not identified, is certainly Shuttleworth's brother given their shared features. In fact, it is plausible that the second image is that of an identical twin! Under close inspection they appear to be the same person if their differing beard styles are ignored. 1850 Census records show Morgan Shuttleworth to have been one of eight children in the Bibb County, Alabama household of John and Molly Shuttleworth. Further investigation should reveal the identity of his look-alike brother-in-arms. The 36th Alabama, formed in Mt. Vernon, Alabama in May, 1862, spent nearly a year in the vicinity of Mobile before heading north to join the Army of Tennessee outside of Atlanta. Shuttleworth's Service Record indicates that, as a recently exchanged POW, he was hospitalized in May, 1864 for what was likely an unhealed gunshot wound to the chest and shoulder. The circumstances and timing of Shuttleworth's ailment should suggest he was shot during the Battle of Resaca in Georgia. He died the following month. The brothers are wearing matching militia shell jackets tailored in dark cloth with tinted red piping and three rows of buttons. The buttons on Morgan Shuttleworth's jacket are not painted and have visible eagles on the face. It is highly likely that these are AVC (Alabama Volunteer Corps) buttons as opposed to common Federal types. Both men have light military trousers with one pair sporting a tinted red stripe. Good old Southern slouch hats top off these defenders of Dixie. Morgan's as-yet unidentified brother is double-armed with a menacing D-guard bowie knife and a pocket revolver. The photographs are behind period brass matts inserted into an unconventional gutta percha case made for holding two images in tandem. The case's lid is impressed with a sentimental scene showing a mother, her child, and the family dog (Krainik 89). An altogether remarkable pair of images in excellent condition.

Early War Confederate Virginia Militia Officer Cased 1/2 Plate Ambrotype. This gentleman's secession cockade and dark blue frock coat indicate that he is most likely a junior officer in Virginia militia on the eve of hostilities. His early 19th century eagle pommel foot officer's sword unfortunately obscures a two-piece belt plate, the face of which would probably confirm his allegiance to the Old Dominion. A Hardee hat rests on a table next to the subject. Housed in a tooled leatherette case. Numerous pinpoint breaks in the emulsion do not detract from normal viewing. Slight wear to case and overall fine condition. Ex. William Turner, author of "Even More Confederate Faces".

Confederate Major General Carter Littlepage Stevenson Pre-war Daguerreotype. Antebellum images of Confederate generals as junior officers are among the most prized collectibles in the fields of early photography and historical militaria. The stern young officer depicted in this splendid portrait is C.L. Stevenson of Fredericksburg, Virginia (1818-1888), probably as a captain in the early 1850s. A manuscript note accompanying the image reads, "By J.L. Griffing 214 Main St Buffalo From O.B. Evans Gallery." Griffing is known to have been working in Buffalo at this address in 1852-1853 before launching his own studio in 1855. The Evans establishment employed numerous photographers and lost no opportunity to enhance its reputation via international competition. Indeed, the company rightly played up a medal won at the great expo held in London's Crystal Palace in 1851. During this period, Stevenson probably had this picture taken while en route to one of his many postings along the western frontier. An 1838 West Point graduate and Mexican War veteran, the Virginian served in Texas and Utah until Virginia's secession. Stevenson followed his native state into the Confederacy and was briefly colonel of the 53rd Virginia Infantry. General Beauregard's intervention, however, directed Stevenson to the west where he proved himself an able division commander in that bloody theater. Stevenson was at Champion's Hill, Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta and Nashville. His war ended with the Army of Tennessee upon Joseph Johnston's surrender in North Carolina on April 26, 1865. The Stevenson daguerreotype harkens back to happier times when a Virginian could proudly wear a federal officer's frock coat. The image is moderately haloed and has a series of very light abrasions that do not detract and which are only visible when angled to a bright light. Only one other daguerreotype of Stevenson exists. The case is in remarkably good shape with only a few minor scuffs and wear as expected. A small museum catalog number is painted in white along the top edge of the case. This is a rare opportunity to acquire an identified Confederate general's daguerreotype as a junior officer. Ex. William Turner, author of Even More Confederate Faces.

Ultra Rare 1/4th Plate Daguerreotype of Brevet Major General Richard Delafield, Being The Earliest Known Photograph Of Him. A highly important and likely unpublished image of a key American military figure of the early to mid 19th century. Accessible portraits of Delafield (1798-1873) date to the Civil War era and show him as an overweight elderly man. When sitting for this daguerreotype, however, he was still middle-aged and considerably slimmer. Delafield wears a U.S. Army Major or Lt. Colonel of Engineers dress uniform and cradles his staff officer's sword. Although his coat buttons are hard to identify given photographer's gilt, Delafield's belt plate clearly is dominated by the Engineers' distinctive castle-- a device he personally promoted early in his career. Delafield's lifelong association with the Army Corps of Engineers began in 1818 upon graduating first in his class at West Point. His initial posting as a young lieutenant found him working on the Hampton Roads defenses in Virginia. Subsequent activities found Delafield engaged in defense construction along the Mississippi delta. Twenty years after graduating from U.S. Military Academy, Delafield was appointed superintendent of the institution and held that position until 1845, commanding the likes of Robert Lee and Thomas Jackson. As the 1840s gave way to the 1850s, Delafield was engaged in building defenses for New York Harbour. In 1856, after visiting the Crimea as an observer, he was recalled from the field, again being placed in command of West Point. The onset of the Civil War brought Delafield back to New York City as commander of the harbour defenses he had helped construct several years earlier. The crowning achievement of Delafiled's career came in 1864 when he became the U.S. Army's Chief Engineer. He retired in 1866 after nearly 50 years serving his country as an able administrator and practical engineer. Any military daguerreotype is highly collectible because of its inherent rarity. Delafield's portrait here is of the highest caliber on every front. There is a fingerprint in the right field, some fine abrasions to the left and three scratches on the subject's forehead. Fortunately, these abuses detract very little from the overall appeal of the images. The case has excellent surfaces with only minor wear on the spine. Ex. William Turner, author of Even More Confederate Faces.

Louisiana Confederate Officer 1/2 Plate Ambrotype. The subject's dark good looks strongly suggest that he is an early war Creole Confederate. Additionally, his sword has a distinctive guard associated with those made by Thomas-Griswold & Co. of New Orleans before the city's fall in 1862. These two factors would indicate a Louisiana provenance. The fabric of the officer's uniform is also of the typical dark cloth associated with Louisiana. His kepi, having three horizontal stripes of gold braid, follows the regulations for a Confederate captain, however his tunic is a departure from the norm. It has three horizontal rows of braid on the sleeve as opposed to the braided knots called for in the 1861 C.S. Army manual. The captain's sleeve rank designation here is also out of sync with the two rows of braid on the coat's collar. Regardless, this gentleman presents a formidable martial appearance and he is undoubtedly a Southern officer. As was the custom, the photographer applied gold paint to the uniform's buttons, sword hilt, watch chain and uniform braid. Flesh tones are also lightly tinted. The image shows moderate haloing, has some tiny emulsion cracks and three fingerprints in the right hand field. The case is in remarkably good condition with wear to the high points as expected. A rare Confederate officer's image that would stand out in any collection. Ex. William Turner, author of Even More Confederate Faces.

Confederate Citadel Graduate Family Portrait. A stunning late 1850s 1/4th plate daguerreotype by Charleston, South Carolina photographic firm Tyler & Co. Shown is Citadel Cadet George Archibald McDowell (Class of 1862) with a younger brother and two sisters. Together, these young people make a fine antebellum grouping of budding aristocrats. Cadet McDowell, standing ramrod straight, strikes his best military pose in a short gray uniform jacket, white waistcoat and white trousers. His demure sisters are dressed in high Victorian fashion while his younger brother is decked out in formal black. The idyllic world evoked by this serene image was about to be shattered by the oncoming Civil War. After graduation, George McDowell served as an aide to Colonel Alfred Rhett and as a private in Aiken's Regiment of South Carolina Cavalry. On February 9, 1864 he was killed in action on John's Island during the lengthy siege of Charleston. A younger McDowell brother - perhaps the one shown here - was also killed in defense of Charleston. The daguerreotype is enhanced by the most delicate of tinting with gilt on the girls' jewelry and dabs of gold on McDowell's buttons. The tonal contrasts and surfaces of the image are superb. Housed in a brass matt stamped by the photographer. The case is of wood and leatherette construction with normal wear. Ex. Rex Stark Collection. Included with the image is a gold filled fraternity pin that belonged to George McDowell during his days at the Citadel. Measuring 1" x 1.5", the pin carries his initials on the back. The face shows a palmetto above the letters "CPS" and amid the date "1847". This pin indicates membership in the "Cadet Polytechnic Society", which was founded in 1847 to promote discourse on literature. An image of McDowell wearing this pin is in the Citadel's collection.

Unpublished 1/6th Plate Melainotype of Gilbert Moxley Sorrel As A Confederate Colonel. This impossibly rare image dates to 1863-1864 when Sorrel was a senior officer on the staff of Lt. General James Longstreet. He is wearing a colonel's double-breasted gray uniform coat with three stars on the collar. There appears to be no braid on the sleeves. Such an omission was intentional by mid-war since officer's trappings were a magnet for enemy fire. Sorrel's kepi, however, remains regulation headgear being well-endowed with braid. His belt rig is secured with a Model 1851 Federal sword belt plate having an eagle device with an applied silver wreath. A leather strap across his chest likely terminates in a case containing field glasses. Heavy gauntlets sheath the young colonel's hands. The photographer has applied gold paint to all buttons and insignia as was common practice. The image is under a brass mat and housed in an octagonal gutta percha case. Medieval players at chess are embossed on the lid (Krainik 338). The image has smooth surfaces and great tonal contrasts. All elements are in excellent condition. It is entirely possible that this portrait was taken to document Sorrel's promotion to colonel shortly before Gettysburg. His military career began as a private in the Georgia Hussars, an early colonial unit still active in today's Georgia National Guard. Sorrel's well-placed connections landed him on Longstreet's staff at First Manassas. He served at the general's side for over three years, being wounded at Sharpsburg and Gettysburg. In October, 1864 Colonel Sorrel was promoted to Brigadier General. He left Longstreet to command a brigade of Georgians attached to Mahone's Division. General Sorrel was lightly wounded at Petersburg and returned to the field only to receive a bullet through a lung on February 7, 1865 at Hatcher's Run. This, Sorrel's fourth wound, effectively kept him low for the duration of the war. After Appomattox, Sorrel resumed a working patrician's life in Savannah. His highly praised memoirs, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer, were published posthumously in 1905.

Confederate Lt. Col. Walter H. Taylor 1/4th Plate Melainotype, The Only Known War Date Hard Image Of Him. We are living in a desperate age in which the prices for Confederate hard images are skyrocketing regardless of their quality. Physically flawed and unidentified photographs of enlisted men can easily fetch hundreds of dollars in today's market. Prices for identified and/or armed rebels routinely rise to the four-figure level. With "common" Confederate photography generating such excitement, we are indeed proud to offer this superb cased tintype of Lt. Colonel Walter Herron Taylor, General Robert E. Lee's aide and the Assistant Adjutant General of the Army of Northern Virginia. The son of an ancient Virginia family, Taylor was born in Norfolk in 1838 and graduated with VMI's Class of 1857. His post-graduate business career was barely launched when interrupted by the onset of the Civil War. Obtaining a staff position with the then obscure Lee in 1861, Taylor served directly under the South's beloved icon untill war's end. When the General assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia, Taylor's duties were broadened considerably. He handled communications to and from headquarters, enforced protocol and gathered intelligence for General Lee. His insider's position allowed Taylor to witness firsthand the grand decision-making behind the Confederate war machine. Taylor came to the general public's attention with the close of hostilities thanks to the media of the day. On April 16, 1865 a series of Brady photographs were taken at Lee's home in Richmond. The general proudly wore his Confederate uniform for the last time for this session. Among the albumen prints sold from the series was one titled "General Lee and His Staff" in which Taylor stands to Lee's left. Thanks to this commercial production Taylor was forever associated with the revered Lee. This from-life studio portrait is a refreshing departure from the albumen paper images of Taylor. This melainotype would have been taken after December 12, 1863 when Taylor was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. He's wearing a regulation field grade officer's gray frock coat with a double row of buttons down the front. These are painted gold by the photographer, who also tinted the uniform piping a light blue. Taylor's collar carries the three stars officially reserved for a full Confederate colonel and his sleeves are decorated with twisted gold braid. The surfaces of this image are gorgeous, being free of the blistering and emulsion cracks so often present on Civil War tintypes. Additionally, the tonal contrast is of the highest quality making this picture look almost like a well-made ambrotype. The brown leather case is fairly worn and is missing one attachment hook. Overall this is a superb and unique Confederate photograph worthy of the finest institutional archive or private collection. Ex. William Turner, author of Even More Confederate Faces.

Very Rare Drummer Boy Recruitment 1/2 Plate Tintype. An adult onlooker, two diminutive fifers and a very small drummer flank fourteen extremely youthful recruits carrying swords. The odds would suggest that these boys are entering Union service, however it's really impossible to tell since the subjects are mostly in civilian clothes. The fifers, however, do wear shell jackets. These are of an indeterminate color while one musician has a slouch hat and the other a grey kepi. The drummer, wearing a popular Mexican War-style cap, cradles what appears to be a plain militia drum. Regardless of their allegiance, these boys are taking life quite seriously. Their expressions are generally grim and, in a couple of cases, wary. Only one recruit betrays even the slightest hint of a smile. This poignant scene is taken on an unpaved town avenue with clapboard buildings in the background. Outdoor views are rare themselves, however the inclusion of Civil War recruits - and drummers at that! - make this a highly desirable image. The emulsion is free of cracks typical of Civil War tintypes, however the surfaces have a few tiny spots of corrosion as does the mat. The case is in excellent condition with only the slightest touch of wear. This sort of documentary photograph is unlikely to surface again in the near future. Ex. William Turner, author of Even More Confederate Faces.

Rare 1/4th Plate Tintype With Zouave Group Portrait. Eight members of a Federal Zouave company are posed here in fanciful North African splendor characterized by wide jacket facings, braided embroidery and cuff piping. Their uniforms are characteristic of those first worn by Indiana Zouaves, yet this style came to be favored by troops from other states as well who were stationed along the Gulf coast. Among the sitters is the group's captain with his shoulder insignia being clearly visible. The photographer has lightly colored the soldiers' britches with a blue tint and has added gold to the buttons per the day's custom. This portrait is well-composed with a horizontal orientation that presents the group effectively in a small space. The surfaces of the photograph are excellent. The front of the case has separated, yet can easily be repaired.

Rare Melainotype Portrait Of A Virginia Family With Their Slave Nursemaid. This horizontal 1/4th plate melainotype, ca. 1860, surfaced in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. It shows a young white couple beside a slave nursemaid who cradles their child. Whereas the proud parents exude an upper-middle class aura of satisfaction, their servant's attitude is a strange blend of defiance and resignation. Within a very few years of this sitting, Phil Sheridan's Union cavalry would sweep away slavery in the Valley. This image, therefore, truly documents the end of an era. Note that it is subtly tinted with pink flesh tones and light blue in the fields. Housed in a Union case behind a brass mat and glass. The lid of the case is molded with a tableaux of Cupid defeating a wounded stag (Krainik 36). Minute chips to case, else overall excellent condition. Ex. William Turner, author of Even More Confederate Faces.

Slave Nurse 1/4th Plate Daguerreotype. Two healthy white children are posing with their black nursemaid in this very rare topical image, ca. 1850. A healthy and attractive young woman, the nurse wears a plain house dress and the ever-present bandana associated with her station in life. The older of the two children wears an utterly bored expression as she holds a wreath of flowers. The younger child is slightly blurred since the daguerrean process required the subject to remain motionless- a difficult task for toddlers or babies! Light overall scratches only visible when angles; one small halo on older child's left shoulder. The exterior of the case is slightly worn with several small stains on the gilt mat. Overall attractive and very rare. Ex. William Turner, author of Even More Confederate Faces.

Slave Nursemaid 1/6th Plate Daguerreotype. Early portraits just don't come any better than this nearly pristine image. A serene young black woman in a gingham dress poses with her master's baby and his little girl. A classic antebellum family grouping that is all the more effective on account of the image's clarity, depth and even surfaces. Some small scratches along the photograph's left edge next to the mat, else amazingly free of the abuses usually found on daguerreotypes. The light brown leatherette case is likewise in great shape having only minimal wear.

Exceptional Early Custer Albumen Print By Matthew Brady Showing Custer With Confederate Lt. Washington And A Freed Slave Boy. This 3" x 3" image is a variant of a fairly well known field portrait showing Custer early in the war. It is mounted to a 5" x 4" card to which is affixed a late 19th century manuscript caption. Here the future slayer of Sioux is shown with a Confederate prisoner to his right and a contraband ex-slave between their feet. Custer and the rebel officer had been friends before the war and it was natural to have had this photo taken when the opportunity presented itself. The caption reads, "AN ODD GROUP (1862) Photographed by Brady at Harrison's Landing, after the Battle of Malvern Hill. Subjects, Lieut. Washington, known better as 'Jimmy', Captain, afterwards General Custer' and a 'Ward of the Nation'. Washington, (son of Colonel Lewis W., of John Brown fame) was an Aide on Gen. Johnston's staff, and was captured in carrying dispatches. He and Custer had been classmates and warm friends at West Point at the beginning of hostilities. The artist has set before them the cause of the separation. Custer died, like the gallant soldier he was, at the massacre of Little Big Horn. Washington is living, near Pittsburgh." The subjects jokingly referred to this image a "both sides of the cause". From an old family album. Stains and fading, a smoothed fold along lower portion of the image. Good condition. Ex. William Turner, author of Even More Confederate Faces.

Brady Imperial Albumen Photograph, "Sherman and his Generals", framed to 24" x 23.75" overall. The irascible William Tecumseh Sherman is the central focus of this formal group portrait published by Matthew Brady in 1865. The albumen's imprinted mat identifies the other sitters as generals Howard, Logan, Davis, Slocum, Mower and Blair. Even browning, slight curl to one corner of the print and minimal edge chipping. This is an original and very rare photograph taken from life by Brady in Washington D.C. during the Victory parade in May, 1865. General Blair arrived late and Brady photographed him separately and then "pasted" him into the group photo. This makes this image all the more unique as just one other image of General Blair exists in a different pose.

Brady Albumen Print Showing Major General Ambrose Burnside and Staff. Twenty Union officers are gathered around a seated Ambrose E. Burnside in this casual outdoor portrait. These men, including their chief, are all in full campaign fig with several of them brandishing either sabers or staff swords. Five of the officers - a full quarter of the group - seem to have practiced facial topiary in imitation of their leader's whiskers. Maybe. Maybe not. This 5" x 8" print is affixed to a heavy white mount that is signed "Brady-Washington" in print. The verso has a sweeping pencil inscription that reads "Gen Burnside & Staff". Irregular edges on mount, light aging. Overall fine condition.

Excessively Rare Boston Corbett Autograph Letter Signed, one page, 5.5" x 8.25", Lincoln Barracks, Washington, D.C., May 11, 1865 to a Mr. Harrington. On April 26, 1865, roughly two weeks before lifting his pen to write this letter, Sergeant Boston Corbett of the 16th New York Cavalry raised his Colt revolver to shoot John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln's infamous assassin was cornered in a burning tobacco barn on the Virginia farm of Richard Garrett. Ignoring orders to take Booth alive, the over-zealous Corbett fatally wounded the fugitive with the justification that "God Almighty directed me." The contents of this highly important letter recall the event in Corbett's own words. It reads in full, "Dear Sir In answer to your request I would say that Booth was shot on the morning of the 26th of April 1865 near Port Royal, Virginia at which place we crossed the Rappahannock in Pursuit. He lived but a short time after he was shot, perhaps 3 hours, and at or about seven o'clock that morning he died. Yours Truly,". Corbett was exonerated from any wrong-doing by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and, indeed, was given a reward of some $1600 for his actions. Although somewhat of a national hero for a short time, Boston Corbett was simply too weird for the American public to worship. Self-castrated in 1858 so as to curb his lusts, Lincoln's avenger was a temperamental religious fanatic with a tendency towards violent gunplay whenever God was, in his opinion, mocked. Corbett's post-war antics finally landed him in the Topeka Asylum for the Insane. However, he escaped in 1888 and shortly thereafter vanished from the historical record. The fabulous letter offered here concerns the singular event that decided Corbett's place in American history and its importance cannot be overstated. Minor stains and two horizontal creases, else bold ink on thick, stable paper. Fine condition.

Historic George G. Meade Handwritten and Signed Orders to General Horatio Wright during the Battle of Cold Harbor, one of the bloodiest of the war. Two pages, 5" x 8", signed twice ("Geo.G. Meade" and "G G M") on "Head-Quarters, Army of the Potomac" letterhead, 8:15, June 4, 1864. This important manuscript reads in full: "Maj Genl Wright- Your dispatch reporting you are in advance of the 18th Corps has been sent to Gen. Smith [William F. "Baldy" Smith] who is under the impression he is in advance of you. Smith and Hancock [Major General Winfield Scott Hancock] are both ordered to push forward - There is not the slightest idea that the 6th Corps is not doing what it always has done early and well. It is a question of judgement as to the timing of assaults which between the three corps may involve delay and failure- Geo. G. Meade Maj Gen [signed] Push on & when you think it time to stop report- GGM [signed]". This order was issued at Cold Harbor early on the morning after the June 3rd onslaught in which the ensconced Confederate Army under the personal command of General Lee decimated the federal forces. The most intense carnage of the entire war had resulted in an estimated 6,000-7,000 federal casualties alone in just a few minutes.

This battle is known as one of the bloodiest and most lopsided battles in American history. C.S.A. General Robert E. Lee's experienced troops were entrenched in fortifications; thousands of Union solders, many raw recruits, were slaughtered in an ill-advised, poorly planned frontal assault. General Meade was ostensibly in charge but under the supervision of General Ulysses S. Grant who would later write about this battle: "I have always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made...At Cold Harbor no advantage whatever was gained to compensate for the heavy loss we sustained." Meade, who was lax in the supervision of his corps commanders and who failed to perform reconnaissance before the frontal attack would, inexplicably, write to his wife immediately after the attack and express pride that it was he who ordered the attack.

It was an impossible situation when Meade half-heartedly wrote these orders. As the three corps (Wright's 6th, Smith's 18th, and Hancock's 2nd) had advanced, Smith on the right and Hancock on the left both strayed outwardly leaving Wright's flanks exposed to the Confederate enfilade. By June 4th, it was futile to give orders to resume action. The damage had been done. The battle would last until June 12th with no more large-scale attacks but with many, many more deaths- a total of 10,000-13,000 Union soldiers gave their lives on this bloody Virginia battlefield. This engagement gave rise to anti-war sentiment in the North and Grant was called a "fumbling butcher" for his poor decision-making. But it did serve Grant's purpose. Cold Harbor was the final victory for Lee's army. He was trapped and would spend the balance of the war defending Richmond. The end of the Confederacy was in sight.

Battlefield orders from a battle as important and historic as this one are usually only found in museums. Don't let this opportunity pass you by to own a piece of history.

Extremely Rare War-Date John Wilkes Booth Autograph Letter Signed, "J. Wilkes Booth," Four pages, 5" x 8", St. Joseph, Missouri, January 2, 1864, to "Kim"-- likely Moses Kimball of New York, an entertainment entrepreneur and a Booth family friend. This chatty, apolitical letter reveals that benign aspect of Booth's personality which was probably reserved for his intimates. Writing in Missouri while on a frigid mid-winter theatrical tour, Booth devotes the main body of his letter to a colorful account of the loss and destruction of his beloved whiskey flask. It reads in full: "Dear Kim Here I am snowed in again. And God knows when I shall be able to get away. I have telegraphed St. Louis for them not to expect me. It seems to me that some of my old luck has returned to hunt me down. I hope you passed a delightful New Year. You and your kind lady, but I fear not. I will give you a slight glimpse of mine. I arrived at Fort with one ear frost-bitten. I saw our friends there had a ---, well, I won't say what. And then after giving my boy my flask to keep for me, I started for a run and made the river (four miles) on foot. I ran without a stop, all the way. I then found my boy had lost that treasured flask. I had to pay five dollars for a bare-backed horse to hunt for it. I returned within sight of the Fort and judge of my dismay upon arriving to see a waggon just crush my best friend, but I kissed him in his last moments by pressing the snow, to my lips, over which he had spilled his noble blood. I got back to the river in time to help cut the ice that the boat might come to the shore. And after a sea of troubles, reached this Hotel a dead man. Got to bed as soon as I could where I have been ever since. Am better now though and will I expect get up tomorrow. You must excuse this scrawl. I am the worst letter writer alive, and I am trying to get through this on a cold bed. Give my best wishes to Mrs. Kimbal and ask her to forgive me for keeping her husband out so late at night. I guess she is glad I am gone. We may get away from here Monday or tomorrow, we can-not tell. Hope you will remember me to all my friends, and that you will look over this poorly written letter. I remain Yours truly,". John Wilkes Booth, although a non-combatant during the Civil War, was pathologically devoted to the Confederate cause and yearned to strike a blow on Dixie's behalf. His fanciful schemes culminated, of course, in the very real assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Letters written by Booth are quite rare with this one being especially desirable given its late date, bold signature and overall theatrical tone. The letter also has an excellent provenance as it was sold in 1978 by Sotheby Parke Bernet when that firm liquidated the fabulous Sang Collection of Americana. Even light toning, a few small areas of ink pooling (one with a partial fingerprint!), and a very few minute edge splits. Mailing folds as expected, else fine condition.

Extremely Important Andrew Foote Commission Signed By Lincoln And Wells. Partially printed vellum Document Signed, "Abraham Lincoln" and "Gideon Wells", one page, 14.5" x 17.5", Washington, D.C., August 5, 1861. A beautiful piece of Victorian lithography in and of itself, this Naval commission carries a large vignette of a semi-nude Liberty riding behind Neptune on a shell pulled by tritons. Making a good graphic even better, the great sea god's outstretched arm is pointing directly at Lincoln's signature. Below are American flags, fouled anchors, various boarding implements and a large applied green paper seal. The recipient of this elaborate document was instrumental in helping to preserve the Union. Better known to historians as "Admiral" on account of the highest rank he attained, Andrew Hull Foote (1806-1863) is here named a Captain early on in the Civil War. Foote was a volatile combination of warrior and reformer perfectly suited for command. As a young man, he left behind his studies at West Point to ply the high seas and became a Navy midshipman in 1822. Much of his early career was spent off the West African coast engaged in suppressing the slave trade. This must have been rewarding work for an officer with firm abolitionist convictions. Foote suffered neither infractions against international law nor insults to the American flag. Acting as an observer during the Chinese Opium Wars in 1856, Foote's command - the U.S.S. Portsmouth - came under fire from Chinese batteries. Brooking no nonsense, American landing parties captured and silenced the aggressors. The Civil War brought rapid promotion to many career officers, including Foote. He was given command of the Mississippi River Squadron and, in early 1862, successfully cooperated with the U.S. Army to capture the key Confederate forts of Donelson, Henry and Island #10. These Union victories went far towards securing Kentucky and Tennessee while providing a base of operations against key objectives in the Deep South. Foote himself was wounded at Fort Donelson and temporarily was assigned to a desk in Washington following the campaign. His potential as an admiral, however, was never realized. Foote died in 1863 while en route to Charleston, South Carolina where he was to command the blockading fleet. Here is a wonderful opportunity to acquire a Lincoln-signed document of the highest order. Light browning along the edges, moderate ink fading. Lincoln's large signature, however, remains quite prominent. Overall fine condition.

Abraham Lincoln's White House Dinner Plate from President James K. Polk's Service (10"), accompanied by a letter stating that this White House plate was presented to James Ward of Baltimore by President Lincoln. This gilt dinner plate is the first White House china to bear the "Seal of the United States" and is the rarest of Polk's presidential china.

Early James B. McPherson Commission Signed by Lincoln, Stanton, "Abraham Lincoln", "Edwin M Stanton". One page partially printed document, 13.5" x 18", Washington, D.C., May 1, 1862. An outstanding and highly important military commission naming James Birdseye McPherson an "Additional Aide-de-Camp with the rank of Colonel". Both signatures are large and bold. That fact alone would make this a most desirable item for the Lincoln collector. Since the officer named rose to become a major general of considerable influence and significance, however, this document is catapulted into that elite class of the finest Civil War memorabilia. James McPherson of Ohio stood apart from his peers from his earliest days at West Point. He graduated 1st in the Class of 1853 and served admirably as a lieutenant until the Civil War made rapid promotions possible. 1861 saw McPherson promoted to captain, only to replace his twin shoulder bars with a lieutenant colonel's oak leaves before year's end. Being on U.S. Grant's staff in early 1862 afforded McPherson opportunities for further advancement. His participation in actions at Forts Henry and Donelson and again at Shiloh led to the promotion earned with the commission comprising this lot. McPherson's promotions continued on a meteoric trajectory for the rest of the year and he was a major general of Volunteers by the fall. A stellar performance at Vicksburg won McPherson command of the Army of Tennessee under Sherman just in time for the Atlanta Campaign. On July 22, James McPherson's war ended when he was shot dead while trying to flee a Confederate ambush. In time he would earn the distinction of being the Union's highest ranking officer to be killed in action. This commission has the normal folds and an inscribed endorsement in the upper left corner. Overall fine condition.

Abraham Lincoln: A Great 1/4th Plate Tintype, Showing Him Seated in the Famed "Brady Chair". This wonderful image was shot by Alexander Gardner on November 8, 1863, and emphasizes Lincoln's long, lanky legs. The studio chair had formerly been in use at the U.S. House of Representatives. Condition of the tintype itself is superb - virtually mint. The original leatherette case shows surface wear as usual. The badge attached to the interior velvet was found with this piece and may well date from the 1864 political convention. We can't recall having previously seen this highly desirable Lincoln pose on tin. A very special opportunity for the serious Lincoln or photography collector.

Abraham Lincoln Wartime Autograph Letter Signed, "A. Lincoln". One page, 4.5" x 7.75", Washington, D.C., March 25, 1862, to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. It reads in full: "Executive Mansion March 25, 1862 Hon. Sec. of War, Sir Send me a nomination of Amiel W. Whipple as a Brigadier General of volunteers." Penned on ruled note paper, a few light stains not affecting content, one clipped corner. Overall sound with a bold signature. Fine condition. This letter is listed on page 171 in Basler's "Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln". The subject of the correspondence, soon-to-be Brigadier Whipple, was a career army officer with a background in topographical engineering. Whipple's pre-war experience included surveying the nation's borders with Mexico and Canada. After commanding the Virginia defenses of Washington, Whipple served as topographer under George McClellan and contributed numerous maps to the Union war effort. Amiel Whipple's career ended when he died at Chancelorsville in May, 1865.

General George A. Custer 1863 Autograph Note Signed "G.A. Custer", one page, 3.5" x 3", framed and matted with a print of Custer in Major Generals uniform, under glass (14.25" x 21" overall), np, September 11, 1863. The note reads: "H'qrs Examining Board 3rd Div., September 11, 1863, Reply forwarded by the Examining Board recommended attention requested to enclosed extract from proceedings of this board case of Capt. Casey. G.A. Custer, Brig. Gen. Vols. Pres. Of Ex. Board." On 26 June 1863, Custer was appointed the "Brevet" rank of Brigadier General of Volunteers and placed in command of the 2nd Brigade, 3rd Cavalry Division at Gettysburg and Yellow Tavern. He commanded the 3rd Cavalry Division in the Shenandoah Valley campaign, Fisher's Hill and Five Forks. The note is still very legible and the ink still bright. Overall this item is in fine condition.

Brigadier General George A. Custer Handwritten Document. Dated January 21, 1864, this document was signed by Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer and is an approval by Custer of an order for forwarding up through the chain of command. It reads, "Headquarters, 3rd Cav. Division, Jan. 21, 1864 Respectfully Forwarded, G. A. Custer, Brig. Gen. Com." and measures 3.5" x 3.5" on white paper. This is a nice dark autograph of Custer. The note is accompanied by two modern color prints of Custer, one leading a cavalry charge and the other a nice copy of the famous Matthew Brady print of Custer.

Custer wrote this note just three weeks before he was to marry his wife Elizabeth and two and one half years before his cavalry brigade would suffer the most losses of any Union cavalry force at Gettysburg. He would serve bravely throughout the Civil War and continue in the US Army to meet his fate at the Little Bighorn just 15 years after writing this note. This is a fine Custer note from his Civil War service ready for display.

Maj.Gen George Armstrong Custer: A Rare Civil War Tintype Image Almost certainly a Brady image, as he seems to be in the same uniform worn for those famous sittings; but we cannot recall seeing this particular pose previously.

This is a 1/9th plate tintype showing him from the knees up. Appearance is excellent, although for accuracy we note a bit of fine crazing and slight lifting of the emulsion in the field to the left of his figure. Corners clipped as shown. A rare and desirable image of one of the War's most flamboyant heroes, whose fame was only enhanced by his late exploits in the Indian Wars and untimely demise at Little Big Horn.

Confederate Cavalry General JEB Stuart Autograph, "Yours faithfully JEB Stuart, Major Gen'l", 5" x 2.5". Although penned on lined note paper, this does not appear to be a clipped signature. Well-centered and bold. Fine condition. Professionally matted and framed with a portrait of Stuart to an overall display size of 10" x 15".

Andrew Johnson: A Rare Large 1865-Dated Poster Honoring Him as the New President. Johnson's "honeymoon period" was short, as political squabbling over the remains of the defeated South soon rendered him impotent and highly unpopular. But this colorful poster has a very positive tone, showing him as the leader of "The Guardians," such as Stanton & Steward, and top Civil War generals such as Grant, Sherman, & Sheridan.

Inasmuch as Johnson never ran as a candidate for President, there are no political posters bearing his likeness. This beauty dating from his first days in office is about as close as one could get! In fact, we cannot recall seeing any other variety of large poster with his image, and this is only perhaps the second example of this design which we have encountered. It measures a substantial 28" x 34", and has great display appeal, having been professionally cleaned & linen-backed to preserve it. Only the faintest traces of trivial light staining & soiling are noted for accuracy. Published by B.B. Russell & Co., Boston.

Robert E. Lee Autograph Note Signed, "R E Lee". One page, 5" x 2.75", Lexington, Virginia, March 26, 1869. The body of this note reads, "Mr I. S. Lewis is excused from recitation in French to day for the purpose (of) attending the E. Church." Penned on lined note paper and trimmed to size, splits along quarter-folds, mounted to card, light soiling, aged as expected, very good condition. Lee's signature is bold and right in the center of the note. After the war, General Lee assumed the presidency of Washington College in Lexington, Virginia and held this post until his death in 1870. Regarding this item, it's mind-boggling to think that the man who led the Confederate armies could be troubled with excusing a student from French class.

Important Colonel Elmer Ellsworth Group consisting of an antique framed collection of relics and a Sheffield side knife that belonged to the colonel. A late 19th century wooden frame, 7.5" x 9.5", houses a 1" x 2" flag swatch, a .5" x .75" silver of oil cloth and a gem-sized albumen print. These items are placed above an explanatory inscription reading, "A piece if the rebel flag which the hero Ellsworth sacrificed his life for in taking it down from the Marshall House, Alexandria and a piece of the blood stained oil cloth upon which he fell when shot. Also a photograph of Brownell who shot the rebel assassin. B.F. Jerome". The flag fragment, being blue, indicates that it was cut from the canton of Jackson's First National Confederate banner. Light even browning on paper items, else fine condition; Sheffield side knife with leather sheath, 8.5" long overall with 4.75" blade. Mother-of-pearl hilt having inlaid German silver panel engraved ELLSWORTH. All affixed to German silver crossguard over a steel blade stamped with obscure maker's name and SHEFFIELD. The sheath has a German silver throat and has an early label inscribed, "this belonged to Col Ellsworth. The blade is missing its very tip, light rusting and wear to sheath. Overall very good condition. Yankee troops first entered the Confederacy proper at Alexandria, Virginia on May 24, 1861 counting on an easy jaunt down to Richmond. The dashing Elmer Ellsworth and his New York Fire Zouaves of the 11th NY Volunteers were among the invading forces. Ellsworth, while removing a Confederate flag from the Marshall House, was shot dead by James Jackson, the proprietor. Jackson was in turn gunned down by Private Francis Brownell. The Northern public made Ellsworth a martyr, Jackson a villain and Brownell a hero. The flag that started it all ended up in President Lincoln's possession since he had been a great champion of Ellsworth's.

Archive of a Confederate Cavalry Captain's Letters To Home: 133 Letters Detail the Horrors of War & Riding with Generals Wade Hampton and JEB Stuart. This outstanding archive of 133 handwritten letters from Confederate Cavalry Captain Leonard Williams of South Carolina's 2nd Cavalry are a remarkable insight into the life of a cavalry captain who fought with General JEB Stuart, against General George Armstrong Custer at Gettysburg, and who met General Robert E. Lee. Nearly all the letters were written from the battlefield to his wife Anna Laval Williams in Greenville, South Carolina from July 18, 1861 to February 11, 1865. While a few of the letters were to other family members, one letter was from Captain Williams to his servant, Ned.

Leonard Williams was born on his father's Sycamore Grove, South Carolina plantation on December 15, 1823. Since the American Revolution, his family had a long tradition of service to their country. After graduating magna cum laude from South Carolina College, he founded Newberry Academy (later Newberry College) and became its principal. He moved to Greenville, South Carolina in 1855 and became a merchant and married Anna Laval, the daughter of Major William Laval of Charleston.

Heeding the call to arms in 1861, Leonard Williams was one of the first to join up with Greenville's Brooks' Troop of Cavalry, eventually becoming part of General Wade Hampton's Legion that would become famous in the war. Captain Williams would see action in some 75 battles, sending home vivid details of the greatest cavalry battle ever fought on America soil at Brandy Station. Here he would fight alongside General JEB Stuart with Hampton's Legion. It was at Second Brandy Station where Captain Williams would be severely wounded.

His campaign with the Confederate cavalry is easily traced through these eloquent, sometimes passionate and romantic letters from this educated cavalier. He would see much more of the war at Antietam and lead cavalry charges at Upperville and Jack's Shop with General JEB Stuart personally commending him for his "efficiency and bravery" at that action. After Robert E. Lee's Confederate army retreated from Bristoe Station, Captain Williams was right there with JEB Stuart's cavalry as they surprised the advancing Union cavalry under General Kilpatrick. The Confederates routed the Union troopers and chased them five miles in what became known as the "Bucktail Races".

In these thrilling letters Williams describes some scenes during the war as being able to "...furnish the painter with a grand subject", others convey the stark reality of war. When once crossing a bloody battlefield he wrote, "I rode through the field on my way here. The dead Yankees literally covered the ground for miles." Other letters direct his precious wife Anna to continue running their plantation back in South Carolina with passages such as, "Have you sowed your turnips yet?" or "Put up all the pickles you can conveniently and buy dried peaches and apples...they are very much needed by the soldiers."

But as much as these letters are a goldmine of war stories told by a cavalryman straight from the field to his wife at home, they are an insight into Southern life during the war. As Williams was a slaveholder himself, many of the letters to his wife concern proper treatment of the slaves, keeping their quarters clean and making sure they are properly dressed. In that case, not only are these volumes of letters particularly insightful as contemporaneous war memoirs, they serve to give one a view into the life of a southern plantation during time of war.

Almost in the form of a novel, this intelligent man captures the tone and content of the war as it progresses. He related that the 2nd South Carolina Cavalry had been reduced from its original strength of 950 cavaliers at the beginning of the war to just 150 by the last year of the conflict. In his letters of 1865 he holds out hope as he hears news of Sherman's March to the Sea. "If he should meet with a severe whipping, our cause would revive at once and confidence and hope be reestablished," he wrote in February 1865. But, by then, the cause was lost. As Captain Williams and his men joined up with General Johnston's' troops in North Carolina they fought their last battles there. Ever the optimist, Williams always held out hope for the South. His letters end after the fall of Williamsburg and he begins his journey back home.

Leonard Williams would rebuild his farm and build a legacy of public service in Greenville, South Carolina after the war. He became auditor of Greenville County and worked in economic development to aid the war-torn region. Fortunately for us, his letters from the Civil War where he served with such greats as JEB Stuart are here with us today. A hardbound trade-sized book written by Williams' great-grandson, David G. Douglas, accompanies these letters. Titled A Boot Full of Memories - Captain Leonard Williams, 2nd S. C. Cavalry (Gray Fox, Camden, SC), it was written with Robert L. Brown using these letters as the basis for the historical novel. Many of the letters are transcribed in the author-signed book. The letters are contained in individual slipcases and all are in legible and in varying conditions and sizes of paper. Most are in very good condition but there are some ink stains. One letter is even written on Northern stationary that Captain Williams obviously liberated. This is a fascinating, historically important collection.

Fantastic 69th New York Irish Brigade Grouping. The 69th New York was already ten years old when it became part of General Meagher's famed Irish Brigade in 1861. The regiment, grudgingly christened "The Fighting 69th" by Robert E. Lee, won enduring glory on such infamous killing grounds as Maryre's Heights at Fredericksburg and The Wheatfield at Gettysburg. This cohesive lot consists of the following important items: Autograph Document Signed, "Robert Nugent", one page with docketing, 8" x 9.75", Newport (News), Virginia, October 15, 1861. Penned on a superb Irish Brigade letterhead pre-printed in green ink and showing the American flag waving above an Irish harp amid clover. The manuscript reads in full: "I hereby certify that Maxwell O'Sullivan was duly elected Captain of Company I 4th Regiment Irish Brigade on the 11th day of October 1861." Nugent signs as Colonel of the 1st Regiment, however he was soon destined to take command of the 69th for the war's duration. O'Sullivan's service ended abruptly when he died of disease the following spring. Exceptional condition with only the lightest aging and smoothed folds; Carte de Visite, THE 69TH N.Y.S.V. AT CAMP CORCORAN, VA, Anthony backmark. An early war view showing troops attending a worship service on the outskirts of Washington. Light soiling, else fine condition; Patriotic postal cover canceled at Painesville, Ohio, July 10, 1861 and addressed to John Grimshaw, Wayne, New York. A color imprint shows a manned fort topped with the American and Irish Brigade flags. A caption reads, "The Gallant 69th of New York ready to receive their Secession friends from the South, Arlington Heights, June 1861." Moderate soiling, old pencil notation and mount residue on verso. Good condition; 69th Regiment Veteran Corps badge, gilt brass with enameled hanger and green ribbon, 2" x 3" overall. The 69th New York coat-of-arms makes up the bulk of this piece. It features two Irish wolfhounds flanking a shield upon which is an enameled "69". The regiment's motto, "Gentle When Stroked Fierce When Provoked", is below. The verso is engraved "James Devine Co H". Fraying to ribbon, else excellent condition.

A Phenomenal Collection of 59 Civil War Cartoon Cartes de Visite Unquestionably the finest grouping of these sought-after Cartes de visite which we have ever encountered; At least half of these examples are varieties we have not seen before! We strongly encourage would-be bidders to visit our web site, where each one is shown. But we offer here a brief characterization of this wonderful collection. Subjects: No less than 13 great Lincolns, plus Grant, Jeff Davis (many), Stanton and other cabinet members, Meade, Butler, Fremont, McClellan, JEB Stuart, Greeley, Slavery subjects, Andrew Johnson, Copperhead leaders, Semmes, Burnside, Hooker, Admiral Porter, Nathaniel Banks, William Cullen Bryant and more! Included in the group are numerous Thomas Nast images. Back imprints include: Brady / Anthony - four, Anthony - 12, N. Y. Photographic Co. - seven, J. Hall - three, Wenderworth & Taylor - one, William Shaw - one, J. Edwards - one, J. Guernsey's & Son - one, Williams, Stevens, & Williams - one, Charles Wheeler - one, and blank backs - 27. Condition is superb; most are near- mint or nearly so, and appear to have been put away at the time by a single early collector.

Gettysburg General Orders From Generals Meade and Lee. The original field press-printed Congratulatory Orders issued by General Lee to his troops after they crossed the Potomac into Virginia following the battle of Gettysburg accompanied by General Meade's Congratulatory Orders issued to his troops after the Battle of Gettysburg- a unique opportunity to acquire both orders from both armies. Signed in print by Meade and Lee respectively, these announcements capture the mood of each contender. Federal imprint, GENERAL ORDERS NO. 68, one page, 6.5" x 6.5", July 4, 1863. It reads in part: "...An enemy superior in numbers and flushed with pride of a successful invasion, attempted to overcome and destroy this Army. Utterly baffled and defeated, he has now withdrawn from the contest. The privations and fatigue the Army has endured, and the heroic courage and gallantry it has displayed will be matters of history to be ever remembered...". Smoothed folds, faint ink offsetting, light foxing, else fine condition; Confederate broadside, GENERAL ORDER NO. 76, one page, 6,25" x 8,75", July 11, 1863. It reads, "after long and trying marches, endured with the fortitude that has characterized the soldiers of the Army of Northern Virginia, you have penetrated the country of our enemies and recalled to the defence of their own soil, those who were engaged in the invasion of ours. You have fought fierce and sanguinary battle, which if not attended with the success that has hitherto crowned your efforts, was marked by the same heroic spirit that has commanded the respect of your enemies, the gratitude of your country and the admiration of mankind. Once more you are called upon to meet the army from which you have won so many fields a name that will never die. Once more the eyes of your countrymen are turned upon you, and again do wives and sisters, fathers, mothers, and helpless children lean for defence on your strong arms and brave hearts. Let every soldier remember that on his courage and fidelity depends all that makes life worth having... the freedom of his country, the honor of his people, and the security of his home. Let each heart grow strong in the remembrance of our glorious past, and in the thought of the inestimable blessings for which we contend; and invoking the assistance of that Divine Power which has so signally blessed our former efforts, let us go forth in confidence to secure the peace and safety of our country. Soldiers! your old enemy is before you; win from him honors worthy of your righteous cause---worthy of your comrades dead on so many illustrious fields." Of the highest rarity, this document was printed in the field on the retreat from Pennsylvania. Ink stains on the paper - as made - are evidence of the Confederate printer's urgency under duress. Overall fine condition. Parrish and Willingham #1226 with only two known field-press examples, those being in the Virginia State Library and the Virginia Historical Society.

Highly Important Robert E. Lee Autograph Letter Signed, Referring to Grant, with Poignant Civil War Content Mostly written on one side, carried over to and signed on verso, 8.25" x 10.25", in ink on beige letter paper and in Very Fine condition. Written at Arlington, Virginia, on December 1, 1864, during the last dark days of the Civil War, to a Dr. Alfred Hughes in Richmond: "My dear sir I am deeply impressed with a sense of your grief and sincerely sympathize with you in your great affection. I wish it was in my power to afford you any consolation or relief. I am distressed at being unable to comply with your request. I hold no communication with Genl. Grant xcept [sic] on purely official and military matters. Nor in my opinion is it proper that I should. I have no claims upon his favours, I should not ask it. I feel sure of his refusal. I have on several occasions forwarded applications from individuals for permission to enter the enemy lines for benevolent purposes, to attend invalid husbands, sons & I have invariably been refused. I should feel no mortification at a repetition of these denials, but I believe my application would be useless & injure your prospects of attaining your wish. If (two words unclear) cannot procure you a passport, I cannot. I will give Mrs. Hughes a passport through any portion of our lines she desires, or will forward an application from you to bend. Grant for permission to visit Wheeling. This is all I can do with propriety. Regretting that I can do no more, & praying that a merciful God may give you strength to bear the heavy affliction he has thought proper to deal you. I am truly your obliged sevt. R. Lee".

Families were often divided by the arbitrary boundaries created by the War. This was particularly true between West Virginia and Virginia proper, which had been a single entity until West Virginia chose to break off and remain loyal to the Union. Hughes wife wished to visit a sick relative in West Virginia, and could not pass through the lines to get there. Grant's policy was not simply rooted in hard-heartedness. Both sides actively sent spies dressed as civilians, occasionally including women, into each other's territories to seek valuable military information, so it was necessary to ban travel back and forth between the areas held by the two sides.

This letter beautifully exemplifies the great tragedy of the War: the fact that people with blood relations, and commonalities, were suddenly severed from all contact with one another. This exceptional example of even Lee's inability to help bridge this awful gap, even in light of a family crisis, is of great importance in gaining a real sense of those horrible times.

A truly outstanding Robert E. Lee ALS in a lovely state of preservation.

Robert E. Lee Signed Carte de Visite, "R E Lee". Taken in 1863 by Julian Vannerson of Richmond, Virginia, this is certainly one of the most famous wartime portraits of General Robert E. Lee. This CDV retains great tonal contrasts and is complimented by the exceptionally bold signature it carries. No backmark, fine condition.

Ulysses S. Grant: A Fine Autographed Carte de Visite. Until recent years, autographed CDV's of Grant's military opposite Robert E. Lee usually commanded the higher price in the marketplace. However, there has been a growing realization that in actuality Grant's signature on a CDV is in fact scarcer, and the prices of the two have moved closer to parity. This is a very nice, clean example which "mates" perfectly with the Lee CDV which is offered in this catalog.

Confederate John Bell Hood Letter, Signed To General S. D. Lee. Confederate General John Bell Hood expresses concern about the morale of the Confederate army in this letter to General S. D. Lee dated January 22, 1865, the closing days of the Civil War. He asks General Lee for his "official report" as he is completing his own. Handwritten on blue 'blockade' paper, this interesting letter measures 5" x 8" and is entirely handwritten by Hood on the front and back. It is marked "private" as well. Hood was most famous for his Texas Brigade, and turned the Army of Tennessee over to General Richard Taylor. He reverted to the rank of Lieutenant General and attempted to reach General Kirby Smith in the Trans-Mississippi Department before surrendering on May 31, 1865. This is a rare and desirable letter from an icon of the Confederacy, written during very trying times.

The Only Known George E. Pickett Signed CDV in a General's Uniform! The lower margin of this excessively rare carte de visite is signed, "G.E. Pickett Maj Gen". Shown is the dapper Pickett in a grey frock coat having a double-row of gilt staff buttons. His collar insignia is not regulation, however its three stars within a wreath effectively convey his elevated rank. There is no backmark. Minor loss to one corner, aging and some marginal stains. Good condition. Ex.Bill Turner Collection. George E. Pickett (1825-1875), is best remembered for commanding the July 3, 1863 assault on the Union center at Gettysburg's Cemetery Ridge. Acting under Longstreet's orders, Pickett committed his division to the ill-fated charge that would come to bear his name. A staggering 50% casualty rate dashed the Confederacy's hopes for victory and crushed George Pickett's spirit.

Robert E. Lee General Orders Broadside. Rare Confederate imprint, GENERAL ORDERS NO.2, one page, 8.75" x 12.25", Petersburg, Virginia, February 11, 1865. Signed in print by Robert E. Lee, this message reads in part: "In entering upon the campaign about to open, the General-in-Chief feels assured that the soldiers who have so long and so nobly borne the hardships and dangers of the war, require no exhortation to respond to the calls of honor and duty...They cannot barter manhood for peace, nor the right of self-government for life and property. But justice to them requires a sterner admonition to those who have abandoned their comrades in the hour of peril. A last opportunity is offered to them to wipe out the disgrace and escape the punishment of their crimes...". Old sheer fabric backing, smooth folds, minor splits and fading. Lee's surrender to Grant was only two months in the future when he had this amnesty offer posted. Desertion was seriously thinning Confederate ranks as the the siege of Petersburg went on and on. Some men lost enthusiasm for a doomed cause while others were anxious for the welfare of loved ones in harm's way. Regardless of its wear and aging, this is an imposing Army of Northern Virginia broadside that speaks eloquently of the Confederacy's final days. It would greatly enhance any collection or relic room.

Important Stonewall Jackson-to-James Longstreet Autograph letter Signed "T.J. Jackson", one page, 7" x 8.25", "Hdqrs 2 Dist", November 7, 1862 to "Lt. Genl. Longstreet", location not specified. An incredibly rare and desirable war-date letter penned in the field by Robert E. Lee's most trusted corps commander, the brilliant, bellicose and so very eccentric Thomas Jonathan Jackson. Both the letter's author and its recipient had been promoted to Lieutenant General just the day before, creating a management team that would earn the Army of Northern Virginia its greatest successes of the entire war. The late autumn of 1862 found the contending armies engaged in those cat-and-mouse maneuvers that would culminate in the Federal defeat at Fredericksburg come December. Jackson here recounts a Confederate cavalry raid led by the celebrated partisan leader Elijah V. White of Leesburg, Virginia. Another personality referred to in the letter is Gilbert Moxley Sorrell of Savannah, Longstreet's trusted aide and future Confederate brigadier. The letter reads in full: "Genl, Your dispatch of yesterday has been rec'd. The enemy has evacuated Snickersville Maj. White with his cavalry dashed into the place & captured 104 prisoners in addition to three or four wagons. The enemy appears to be collecting along the Manassas Gap R.R. about Piedmont. I send a bundle by the bearer to the care of Maj Sorrell will you please ask him whether it is delivered. It is from a family in Charlestown. Most respectfully,". This letter presents a rare opportunity for the serious collector to acquire a manuscript communication between Confederate officers of such lofty rank and importance. On ruled paper with two faint vertical creases and a central horizontal fold. Even toning overall with light browning along edges. Very good condition.

First Confederate Congress Autograph Book With 135 Signatures, over 100 pages, 8" x 6.5", with gold tooled leather cover. This excessively rare and nearly complete collection of Confederate political autographs was probably compiled by a Miss Clara M. Cannon of Torrey Creek, South Carolina. Her name appears twice within the book, both in pencil and in pen. Given the death dates of some of the signatories, this collection must have been assembled between February 18 and October 13, 1862. The book has three distinct sections: The first consists of Confederate senators' autographs; the second is devoted to Confederate representatives' autographs and is collected alphabetically by state. Included are Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia; the third contains signatures of Confederate politicians, cabinet members and functionaries. Among these are Jefferson Davis, Judah P. Benjamin, George W. Randolph, Stephen Mallory and Samuel Cooper. (Alexander Stephens is not included.) Covers worn and binding somewhat loose. Light aging and internally fine.

The Personal Battle Flag of Confederate General JEB Stuart, The Most Famous Cavalry Officer of the Civil War. General James Ewell Brown (JEB) Stuart was the most famous, daring and flamboyant cavalry commander in the Civil War. This battle flag was carried by Stuart in the Civil War. It is made of a red bunting field, 34" square, with a white border on all four sides. The centered, blue "Saint Andrew's Cross" is trimmed in white as well and incorporates the 13-star design. The most recognizable banner of the Confederacy, this design, approved by Generals Pierre G. T. Beauregard and Joseph Johnston, originally called for flags of different sizes to be issued to the infantry, cavalry, and artillery. However, in practice, the flags were issued to units based on availability with no regard to protocol. One of this historic flag's significant attributes lies in the fact that it was hand-sewn by General Stuart's wife Flora.

In the tradition of Betsy Ross of "Old Glory" Revolutionary War fame, many women of the Confederacy sent their husbands and sons off to war with beautiful hand-sewn battle flags. A hand-sewn Revolutionary War flag carried by General George Washington's cavalry recently sold at auction for $12 million, lending speculation as to the market value of this most important flag of the Civil War. Adding to the historical significance of this flag, Stuart actually sent the flag home to his wife since it had fallen in a campfire. His apologetic note to Flora details the accident: "My Darling One - My battleflag - the beautiful one you made fell from the tent front the other day into the fire... It has proudly waved over many battlefields and if ever I needed a motive for braving danger and trials I found it by looking upon that symbol placed in my hands by my cherished wife...Yours ever JEB Stuart".

Although the fire-singed corner of the flag is still evident, professional conservators have labored over it to ensure that the flag is preserved for generations to come. The most famous cavalier of all Civil War cavalrymen personally carried it; a dynamic general with a plumed hat and cape, JEB Stuart was the epitome of a military icon. His last battle was at Yellow Tavern, Virginia where he suffered a mortal wound, dying at Richmond the next day, his beloved Flora tragically arriving just hours after his death on May 12, 1864.

JEB Stuart was already a prominent military officer by the time he became famous during the Civil War. Attaining the rank of major general in the Confederate army within 15 months of resigning his Union army commission to join forces with his native Virginia and the South, Stuart came from a long and patriotic line of Scots-Irish Virginians. Descended from Revolutionary War patriots who fought at Yorktown and Guilford Courthouse, JEB Stuart was born February 6, 1833 at Laurel Hill Plantation, Patrick County, Virginia. The youngest son of Archibald and Elizabeth Letcher Pannill Stuart, JEB's father was a respected attorney and politician having served in both houses of Virginia's General Assembly and one term in the United States House of Representatives.

At the age of 14 JEB enrolled at Wytheville School and later attended Emory and Henry College. But Stuart's heart, and legacy, was to be found in the military. He entered the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1850, graduating four years later (Class of 1854) thirteenth in a class of forty-six. A later comrade and subordinate, Confederate General Fitzhugh Lee (Class of 1856) remembered JEB while at West Point fondly: "I recall his distinguishing characteristics which were a strict attention to military duties... an immediate and almost thankful acceptance of a challenge to fight, from any cadet who might in any way feel himself aggrieved, and a clear, metallic, ringing voice."

Fitzhugh Lee, nephew of Robert E. Lee, would be assigned to JEB's 1st Virginia Cavalry at the start of the Civil War. But JEB had seen much action between his West Point years and the start of the Civil War in 1861. He was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the regiment of mounted riflemen and assigned to the wild untamed Texas frontier right after graduation from West Point. A year later he was transferred to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas with the First Regiment, United States Cavalry to subdue hostile Indians. He would later be wounded at the Battle of Solomon's Creek, fighting the Cheyenne Indians.

Just two months later JEB would meet the love of his life, Flora Cooke, daughter of the Ft. Riley commander Colonel (and future Union Army Major-General) Philip St. George Cooke. Married in November 1855, Flora would be a loving and doting wife throughout their too-short marriage, eventually seeing him off to battle with the hand-sewn battle flag offered here. Two years later Stuart received a 6-month leave of absence to travel to Washington, DC to patent a saber attachment he had invented, seeking to sell the device to the War Department.

It was on that occasion in 1859 when Stuart would almost incidentally take part in an historical episode that was to be played out at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. While in Washington, DC he carried secret instructions to (then) Union Army Colonel Robert E. Lee, orders directing Lee to put down an anti-slavery rebellion at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. Lee had been superintendent at West Point while Stuart was a cadet and Lee requested that Stuart accompany him on the mission. Upon their arrival Stuart and Lee found that a party led by a man known only as "Smith" had led a raid into the little town, seizing an undefended armory, arsenal and rifle works. Subsequently flushed from the armory and into a firehouse, the group barricaded themselves in and waited. Stuart was ordered to take the building and subdue "Smith" and his 21 recruits on October 18, 1859, killing two raiders and capturing the others.

Stuart immediately identified "Smith" to be John Brown, known to Stuart personally from his service in Kansas and being instrumental in settling hostilities between free and slave-leaning settlers. "Old Brown of Osawatomie" was tried and hanged along with several of his followers in December of 1859, an event that helped spark the start of the Civil War in which JEB's star would shine.

Returning to duty in command of Company G with the 1st Cavalry, Stuart had been commended by Colonel Lee for his bravery at Harper's Ferry, noting that only through Stuart was John Brown identified. Stuart had money in his pocket now. He had sold his sword patent for $5,000, a princely sum at the time, and invested it in the Bank of Missouri at 10% interest. With tensions increasing among the southern states and the federal government that might lead to war, Stuart had made up his mind to "go with Virginia". With orders to venture out into the frontier in a campaign against the Kiowa and Comanche, it would be months before Stuart knew the fate of the controversy. All the while he kept a personal diary making notes to his beloved Flora.

Sensing the inevitable hostilities, Stuart tendered a letter to Virginia's Governor John Letcher, offering his services in the event Virginia left the Union - a letter that was personally delivered by Stuart's mother. With communication so slow, Stuart obtained leave and made it as far east as Fort Riley, Kansas where he learned that seven states of the deep South had already seceded and that Jefferson Davis had been named the provisional president of the new Confederate States of America.

Stuart immediately gathered up his family and made his way to Virginia by way of St. Louis and Memphis. En route home, he mailed his US Army resignation letter from Cairo, Illinois on May 3, 1861. On that same day, he sent another letter, this one to General Samuel Cooper, the newly minted adjutant general for the Confederate army. Ironically, during the transition Stuart had received a promotion to captain in the United States Army.

With JEB's resignation being accepted on May 7, 1861, Stuart immediately enlisted in the Confederate service, was ordered to report to Colonel Thomas (later "Stonewall") Jackson at Harper's Ferry, and received a commission as a lieutenant colonel. With a meteoric rise to colonel on July 16th and a promotion to brigadier general on September 24, 1861, Stuart was made a major general on July 22, 1862. He served gallantly and with a flair, donning a plumed hat, cape, and golden spurs (given to him by the "Ladies of Baltimore"). In addition, he carried this battle flag made for him by his beloved wife.

While commanding a cavalry brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia, he gave the Confederacy a much-needed morale boost as his exploits of routing Federal troops made news across the South. He was there at all the major engagements- 1st Bull Run, Seven Days, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and the Wilderness.

Stuart was always in the thick of things. At 1st Bull Run in Virginia, after completing his mission of keeping the Union generals from learning the movements of Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston's army, Stuart followed Johnston looking for the action. Stuart became restless as the action started without his two companies of cavalry being called to the effort. The thousands of men General P. G. T. Beauregard had amassed finally needed Stuart's men at about 2:00 P. M. on July 21, 1861. As the staff officer bringing the message announced, "Colonel Stuart, General Beauregard directs that you bring your command into action at once and that you attack where the firing is hottest!" Stuart ordered "boots and saddles", commanded the column into fours, and headed toward the loudest action he could hear. Now at a trot, his men passed a Confederate field hospital that showed the horrors of what lay ahead. Many of the men became sick as they rode through the severed arms and legs that gave evidence of what was just beyond the trees. Beyond a tree line there was smoke, masses of entangled men, and confusion. Stuart rode into what he at first thought were Louisiana Zouaves, dressed in Turkish uniforms; the troops were disorganized and apparently fleeing the field. Stuart tried to rally them until he noticed a critical accoutrement; they were carrying a Union flag. These were the New York Fire Zouaves combined with the 14th New York, reeling from General "Stonewall" Jackson's Confederates. Stuart ordered his column of horsemen, already in their columns of fours to form a broader line and attack the Union forces who by then were about 70 yards away. Regrouping to fire a volley, accounts of the battle state that a "sheet of red flame" arose from the Union line. Horses fell, nine of Stuart's men lay dead, but through the smoke Stuart and his remaining cavaliers tore through the Union line, carbines booming and sabers slashing. Their horses took their toll too. The cavalrymen used them as battering rams and weapons mowing down the Union troops. Eighteen horses died in the engagement.

Such was the bravado that Stuart and his cavalrymen would exhibit throughout the war. And this historic flag was surely there with him as he led his cavalry charges.

At Antietam in Maryland, Stuart served as General Robert E. Lee's "eyes and ears," in what would be the bloodiest single day of fighting in the war. At least a week before the September 17, 1862 battle, Stuart was obeying General Lee's orders to delay the Federal troops and to deny them knowledge of the Confederate's actions and movements. Lee's troops numbered 55,000, much outnumbered by McClellan's advancing army of 84,000. After coordinating delaying movements in Frederick, Maryland, Stuart quickly knew that Lee's forces were greatly outnumbered. As if the situation could not be worse, a Federal soldier had found a copy of General Lee's Special Order Number 191 that detailed Lee's complete invasion plans. With General McClellan now armed with valuable intelligence and having Lee vastly outnumbered, he still hesitated. Seeking to confirm the information, he lost valuable time allowing for a southern sympathizer in Frederick to warn Lee of the disclosure. Soon the battle was joined by Stuart with his men assisting the infantry in shoring up the gaps throughout the mountains, riding on the Maryland Heights to pass on information to commanders there. On to Crampton's Gap for more of the same, he returned to Maryland Heights and then on to Sharpsburg to brief General Lee. Assembling the rest of his men on the north of the Confederate line, they engaged the enemy. While the battle ended in a tactical draw, Stuart covered Lee's army as they made their way back into Virginia. McClellan had failed to pursue the outnumbered Confederates. With Stuart's help, the Army of Northern Virginia was saved that day.

Again, Flora's hand-sewn flag for her husband was there. One can imagine it flying proudly as Stuart and his men raced from one town to another gathering information for General Lee then charging into battle to stave off a defeat at the hands of General McClellan.

But General Stuart may be best known as the Virginia cavalier who won fame for his raiding of Union forces. Twice he made runs around McClellan's army, first in the Peninsula Campaign and again after the Battle of Antietam. Later in the war he actually raided Union General Pope's headquarters, capturing the General's uniform and valuable papers that gave General Lee much-needed information. He had the distinction of fighting the largest cavalry battle on American soil at Brandy Station on June 9, 1863. Stuart had established his headquarters at Fleetwood Hill that overlooked Brandy Station, Virginia near Culpeper. A surprise appearance of Union General John Buford's division and brigade of cavalry across the Rappahannock sparked Stuart and his cavalry into action. The ensuing battle cemented Stuart as a legend. It was "boots and saddles" for his troops as they called on Rooney Lee, Fitzhugh Lee, William Jones, and Wade Hampton's cavalrymen to join the fight, four brigades in all to halt Buford's advance. With Stuart joining the battle, a full-scale fight ensued resulting in this massive battle. The classic cavalry engagement included charges and counter-charges with sabers and pistols slashing and blazing. Although the battle ended in a stalemate, due to the ferocity the Federal cavalry had exhibited, Stuart and General Lee knew that the Union cavalry had come of age.

General Stuart met Grant's forces in defending his beloved Richmond in the spring of 1864 where he stopped General Sheridan's cavalry at Yellow Tavern on May 11, 1864. Waves of dismounted Union troops from General Custer's brigade charged Stuart and his troops at about 4:00 P. M. Stuart was seen on the Telegraph Road rallying Company G of the 1st Virginia Cavalry. He was heard shouting encouragement, "Boys, don't stop to count fours. Shoot them! Shoot them!"

Stuart was firing his pistol as enemy horsemen and dismounted troops fled past him. A lone Federal trooper, reportedly from Michigan, stopped long enough to throw one volley from his .44-caliber pistol Stuart's way. From about 15 yards the bullet found the General's side, entering Stuart just under his right rib cage. The Union trooper fled and failed to see that Stuart didn't fall from his horse. The commander of Company K, Gus Dorsey, took Stuart to the safety of an ambulance wagon. As Stuart continued to shout orders, he saw some Confederate troops leaving the field. To them he commanded, "Go back! Go back and do your duty, as I have done mine, and our country will be safe. Go Back! Go back! I had rather die than be whipped!"

General Stuart was taken to the home of his brother-in-law, Dr. Charles Brewer, on Grace Street in Richmond. He was awake, but in severe pain. Stuart's wife Flora was at Beaver Dam Station and received word of his wounding via a messenger, General Sheridan's troops having cut the telegraph lines. In the interim, President Jefferson Davis visited Stuart at his bedside. When Davis inquired as to how he felt, Stuart replied, "Easy, but I am willing to die, if God and my country think I have fulfilled my destiny and done my duty." Stuart died at 7:38 P. M., resigning himself in his last words to "God's will." Flora and their two children made it to his side at 11:30 P.M., knowing by the silence that pervaded the house that her husband was dead.

General James Ewell Brown Stuart was buried the next day at five in the afternoon. Eight general officers of the Confederacy carried Stuart's coffin at Saint James' Church. The funeral procession traveled through a steady rain to Hollywood Cemetery where Stuart was laid to rest, the Grand Cavalier of the Confederacy.

For the rest of her life Flora Stuart wore black mourning attire and displayed this bullet-riddled battle flag on her wall. She was forever known as "Mrs. General JEB Stuart'. She became the principal of a girl's school at Staunton, Virginia called Virginia Female Institute. It was later renamed Stuart Hall in their honor. This battle flag was also displayed at Stuart Hall and later loaned to The Museum of the Confederacy. Flora Stuart died on May 10, 1923, - almost 59 years to the day after her beloved JEB's death.

General JEB Stuart's remarkable Confederate battle flag, hand-sewn by his wife and carried into war, serves as a constant reminder of the heroism of one man and the love and devotion of his wife. This flag is a singular expression and tangible reminder of these icons of American history.

The flag is accompanied by research and authentication prepared by distinguished author and flag expert Howard Michael Madaus. A framed print of Flora Stuart and copy of his letter about this flag is included as well.

Provenance: Descended from General JEB Stuart to his widow Flora to their son JEB Stuart, Jr. and then through the family to JEB Stuart IV - private collection.

Exhibited: Stuart Hall, Staunton, VA; the Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, VA

General JEB Stuart: A Large Lock of His Sandy Brown Hair and his Field Compass. The hair was removed from his head on the night of his death by his wife Flora and saved for their son JEB Stuart, Jr. Flora had rushed to be beside her husband, but arrived only to see him in death at the house of Dr. Charles Brewer. Word of her husband being wounded in battle reached her at Beaver Dam Station via messenger due to the telegraph wires being cut by Union General Sheridan's troops. Flora and their two children raced by private train and reached Ashland, finding that the tracks had been torn up by the Union troops. A group of sympathetic and loyal wounded Confederate cavalrymen gave them their ambulance which the group drove through a growing rainstorm. Throughout the journey Flora would receive erroneous word that her husband was doing well, only slightly wounded, giving her hope she would reach him in time. Finding the bridge at the Chickahominy River destroyed, blocking them from easy access to Richmond, they forded the river a mile downstream delaying their arrival at the Brewer home until 11:30 P.M. Her husband had died almost four hours earlier, receiving Confederate President Jefferson Davis as one of his last guests. The lock is accompanied by her original hand written note, "Hair of your dear father cut off. May 1864." A priceless memory of the greatest cavalry officer in American history.

Also in this lot is his brass field pocket compass which would have been with him when he was mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern.

Provenance: Stuart Family correspondence and Bill of Sale.

JEB Stuart's Highly Engraved Gold Mechanical Pencil and His Gold Cuff Links. The pencil is believed to have been carried by him in the field and used to sign military orders. The gold cuff links would have been used on his dress shirt in conjunction with his Confederate uniform, complementing his attire as the foremost cavalry officer of the Confederate army.

Provenance: Stuart Family correspondence and Bill of Sale.

JEB Stuart's West Point Class Ring, gold with a green stone depicting the West Point insignia. This ring was given to him by his mother and father when he graduated in 1854. The engraved gold ring mount is identical to other West Point rings from the Class of 1854, each class having a unique design. The ring of his classmate, William M. Davant, who was commissioned out of West Point with Stuart into the mounted infantry, is identical to Stuart's ring only with a red stone. The tradition of American college class rings was started at West Point in 1835. Since most officers rode horseback, especially a cavalryman like Stuart, this ring shows extensive wear due to the rubbing action of the reins by JEB Stuart from 1854 until his death in 1864. Since West Point graduates wore their rings as a symbol of pride and accomplishment, this ring very well could have been removed from his finger at death by his wife Flora.

Provenance: Stuart Family correspondence and Bill of Sale.

JEB Stuart's Gold Watch Fob. Constructed with a tightly-woven interlinking pattern, this fob is decorated with a hunting dog motif approximately one-third down the chain and another at the bottom. Stuart is wearing this same fob in a photograph taken at his West Point graduation standing between Robert E. Lee's son, George Washington Custis Lee, and Stephen Dill Lee. This may also have been a graduation gift as he is proudly wearing it in this famous photograph with the Lees.

Provenance: Stuart Family correspondence and Bill of Sale. Accompanied by copy print of his West Point photograph.

General JEB Stuart's Key-Wind Gold Pocket Watch A hinged, triple case, 52mm pocket watch, serial number 34474, inscribed with his initials within a shield "JEBS" surrounded by the belted buckle device, a badge common to people with Scottish heritage such as the Stuart family. With its original gold-filled chain bearing an eagle-head terminal and fob, this watch was most certainly with him when he died. Stuart's dashing cavalier style of dress uniform was completed with this beautiful gold watch. The case is crafted by E. Maurice and Company of Paris and the movement by John Cragg of London and has a white porcelain face with Roman numerals and an inset second hand. The etched front of the case gives the watch an interesting cross, moiré look. The case is in very good condition with minor dents and a small chip on the dial at the four o'clock position. The watch is not currently in running condition and is missing the key.

Provenance: Stuart Family correspondence and Bill of Sale.

General JEB Stuart's Field Glasses/Binoculars in the original red velvet lined case with gutta percha rims made in Paris by Chevalier Opticien. These would have run the blockade into the Confederacy and were certainly used by him throughout every battle of the war. Also, they would have been with him when he was mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern and left with his widow Flora when he died at his brother-in-law, Dr. Charles Brewer's home in Richmond.

Provenance: Stuart Family correspondence and Bill of Sale.

General JEB Stuart's Cased Golden Spurs that were presented to him by the "Ladies of Baltimore", a patriotic group of Baltimore women who supported the Confederacy and its troops. After receiving the spurs, General Stuart referred to himself in letters written to them as the Knight of the Golden Spurs, illustrating his fondness for chivalry. These spurs were also most likely with him at his death as he was very proud of them. His gold spurs are still in the original red velvet case and accompanied by his original leather boot straps. Certainly one of the most important cavalry accouterments known to exist of General JEB Stuart. The Ladies of Baltimore continued supporting the Southern troops throughout the war, at one point confronting Union General Dix at Fort McHenry over the banning of the Ladies wearing their red, white, and blue bonnets, a passive symbol of Southern support.

Provenance: Stuart Family correspondence and Bill of Sale. Accompanied by a copy of JEB Stuart's letter in which he signs as General and Knight of the Golden Spurs.

Confederate General JEB Stuart's Handwritten Notes to Fitzhugh Lee. This important document, handwritten by Confederate General JEB Stuart and addressed to Fitzhugh Lee, details Stuart's congratulatory remarks as Lee is promoted through the ranks of the Confederate army. Nephew of Robert E. Lee and 1856 West Point graduate , Lee had already served on the frontier suffering a near-disabling wound by an Indian arrow when he resigned his commission in the United States Army to serve his native Virginia in the Civil War. After his meritorious service under General Joseph Johnston, Lee was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the First Virginia Cavalry led by the heroic General James Ewell Brown (JEB) Stuart. Upon receiving the appointment by Virginia Governor John Letcher, the Confederate Secretary of War assigned Lee to Stuart's First Virginia Cavalry. After receiving the letter of Lee's assignment, Stuart penned "congratulations of JEB Stuart" on the back flap of the envelope and forwarded it to Lee. The envelope and Stuart's handwriting are in very good condition. The envelope measures 5.75" x 5" (opened for display of the Stuart handwritten note). The front of the envelope bears the printed words, "Head Quarters" and "Army of the Potomac, C.S.A." in block letters. The envelope is hand-addressed to "Lt. Colonel Fitzhugh Lee 1st Va. Cavalry".

The handwritten letter measures 5.25" x 8.25" and is on blue, lined paper. The letter is written by General Joseph E. Johnston's assistant adjutant Major Thomas Grimke Rhett. Johnston was commander of the Army of the Potomac at the time. Major Rhett had an admirable career of his own before and after the war. A graduate of West Point, Class of 1845, he was brevetted for valor in the Mexican War. A native South Carolinian, he had risen to the rank of Major in the US Army at the time of the war. Resigning his commission to join the Confederacy, Rhett served as Johnston's assistant adjutant and then went on to the Trans-Mississippi Department. After the war, Rhett accepted a military commission in the Egyptian Army serving as a colonel until falling ill and dying from natural causes. Dated September 30, 1861, his letter to Lee reads, "Colonel, The General commanding directs that you report at once to Brig. Genl J. E. B. Stuart your appointment as Lieut. Colonel of the 1st Virginia Cavalry having been made, A copy will be furnished you as soon as possible. Respectfully Your abt sol Thos G Rhett A. Genl." This is a snapshot of an historical moment in the Civil War - a promotion of a member of the Lee family to Brigadier General and a hand written note from one of the South's greatest heroes, JEB Stuart. As a bonus, the handwritten letter from Major Rhett completes this set.

JEB Stuart Autograph Letter Signed Dated December 21, 1855. An early JEB Stuart letter completely handwritten and signed by Stuart. Fresh from the United States Military Academy at West Point (Class of 1854), the future Civil War general and cavalryman had been assigned to quartermaster duty with the newly organized 1st U.S. Cavalry at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Territory. Completely handwritten and signed by Stuart, this letter is addressed to General Thomas S. Jessup in Washington DC. The 7.75" x 10" document is in excellent condition and in a gray bound slipcover with gold engraved lettering. It is dated December 21, 1855, and details a contract for corn that is being grown on the Big Blue River near Fort Leavenworth. There is additional handwriting on verso indicating receipt of this letter.

At the time of this letter, JEB Stuart had been married to his beloved wife Flora for only one month. Stuart would help suppress the slavery riots while in Kansas and met the abolitionist John Brown while there. While on a visit to Washington, DC in 1859, he accompanied then-U.S. Colonel Robert E. Lee to put down the insurrection at Harper's Ferry. It was only through Stuart's past meeting with Brown that "Old Brown of Osawatomie" was identified and hanged.

Of course, JEB Stuart went on to become the greatest cavalryman of the Civil War, leading the largest cavalry battle ever fought on American soil. This handwritten letter completed with Stuart's florid handwriting and signature, already evident in 1855, reminds us that he had an illustrious career even before the Civil War.

General JEB Stuart Handwritten Congratulatory Letter to General Fitzhugh Lee on Lee's Brigadier General's Commission. Less than one year after his appointment to a Lieutenant Colonel's commission under General JEB Stuart , Fitzhugh Lee, nephew of Robert E. Lee would be promoted to Brigadier General for his actions in the Peninsular Campaign. Fitzhugh Lee's commission signed by Confederate Secretary of War George W. Randolph passed through the hands of his commander General Stuart who took the opportunity to add his own personal congratulations (and those of General Robert E. Lee) by writing on the back of the commission, "Hd Qtrs. Cavalry Division, July 24, 1862, My Dear General, Please accept Gen'l R. E. Lee and my own congratulations on the within but I am free to say I reserve the "main body" of my congratulations for myself and the Bounty of having a Brigadier. I hope you will report soon. Very Truly Yours JEB Stuart Major Gen'l."

Handwritten by Stuart at first in pencil, Stuart wrote over the remarks in ink, apparently at the request of Lee. Measuring 16.5" x 10.75" when laid flat, this historical document is in fine condition with only paper folds, none of which obscure General Stuart's handwritten congratulatory note to Robert E. Lee's nephew. In just over one year, General Stuart would be engaged in the largest cavalry battle ever fought on American soil at Brandy Station. On May 11, 1864, the legendary 'Last Cavalier' of the Confederacy would be mortally wounded while thwarting General Sheridan's cavalry at Yellow Tavern on the outskirts of Richmond. He died the next day and is buried at Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond.

General Fitzhugh Lee would go on to lead his cavalrymen as one of the youngest cavalry commanders of the Civil War. He would see action at Antietam, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg before being wounded at the Third Battle of Winchester. Re-entering service toward the end of the war, with Stuart dead, Fitzhugh served as his uncle R. E. Lee's cavalry commander. He later served in the army as a Major General of Volunteers in Cuba during the Spanish-American War, distinguishing him as one of few men who wore a General's uniform in both gray and blue. He died in 1905. Nicely framed, this appointment of Lee to a Brigadier is significant in itself. The handwritten notations of his friend General JEB Stuart make it doubly important. A framed copy of the letter General Robert E. Lee wrote to his brother Sidney congratulating him on Fitzhugh's appointment is included.

Lieutenant Colonel Fitzhugh Lee's Assignment to General JEB Stuart - Signed by Colonel George Deas, Brother-In-Law to General James Longstreet. Manuscript Document Signed, "Geo. Deas", one page, 7.75" x 10", Richmond, Virginia, September 27, 1861. Datelined from the Adjutant & Inspector General's Office, "Special Orders No 289" are signed by Colonel George Deas, Assistant Adjutant General. They read: "XIII. Lieutenant Colonel Fitzhugh Lee Virginia Volunteers, is assigned to duty with the 1st Virginia Cavalry and will report accordingly. By order of the Secretary of War." Entirely handwritten on light blue lined paper. Smoothed folds, else excellent condition. Professionally matted and framed to 14" x 16". After brave service under General Joe Johnston, Virginia Governor John Letcher named Lee a Lieutenant Colonel of Cavalry in the Confederate forces. The Confederate Secretary of War assigned Lee to General JEB Stuart's 1st Cavalry, which was good for the service and good for Lee. The regiment could boast roots in Virginia's pre-war militia and it performed admirably in combat at First Manassas. Lee, a West Point graduate, frontier veteran, and natural horse soldier, would assume command of the First Virginia and bring it additional glory on his way to becoming a major general. This early war order for Fitzhugh Lee is penned by Colonel George Deas, a Mexican War veteran and warrior at the Battle of Monterey serving with McCulloch's Texas Rangers. Resigning his commission as a Major at the beginning of the Civil War, Deas was named assistant adjutant inspector general in Richmond and rose to the rank of Colonel. Before the war in the mid 1840s, Deas served at Jefferson Barracks with James Longstreet, later a leading Confederate general and aide to General Robert E. Lee. Longstreet and Deas would later marry sisters, two daughters of Colonel John Garland under whom they served. Deas is mentioned in the three-volume work Lee's Lieutenants.

1/6th Plate Ambrotype Of A Wounded Fitzhugh Lee. Fitzhugh Lee, nephew of Robert E. Lee, is shown here in this 6th plate ambrotype recovering from an Indian arrow wound suffered in action during the winter of 1858 -1859 in a battle that left over 100 Indian warriors dead. Fresh from the West Point Class of 1856, Lee served with the Fifth US Cavalry in the Wichita Mountains under Major Earl Van Dorn, later a Confederate general himself. Serving with Kirby Smith, also destined for Confederate stars, Lee was wounded by an Indian arrow. Van Dorn was wounded in the same engagement, making three future Confederate generals all wounded on the same day by Indians before the Civil War while serving in the Union army! Seated to Lee's left in this ambrotype is another soldier who may be Smith. Lee went on to command cavalry under legendary General JEB Stuart in the Civil War while rising to the rank of Major General. Again wounded during war, this time at the battle of Third Winchester, Lee would rise to command the entire Confederate cavalry after Stuart was killed. This 6th plate ambrotype is in good condition in a gutta percha case with velvet interior. This is a unique pre-War find of a significant historical figure.

Fitzhugh Lee's Commission as a Confederate Lieutenant Colonel - Signed by Virginia Governor John Letcher. Partially printed Document Signed, "John Letcher", one page, 9.5" x 8", Richmond, Virginia, September 27, 1861. A beautiful and highly important Commonwealth of Virginia military commission naming Fitzhugh Lee "Lieutenant Colonel of Cavalry" and boldly signed by Virginia's celebrated wartime governor, John Letcher. At first serving on the staff of General Joseph E. Johnston at First Manassas, Fitzhugh Lee's gallantry led Governor John Letcher of Virginia to appoint him Lieutenant Colonel of Cavalry on September 27, 1861. Lee would soon report to the legendary General JEB Stuart for service. Not long thereafter, he would be appointed to Brigadier General and see action at Antietam, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. Wounded at the Third Battle of Winchester, Lee was one of the youngest cavalry commanders of the war. After Stuart's death at Yellow Tavern near Richmond, Lee would serve under his uncle, Robert E. Lee, as cavalry commander. The document is illustrated with a vibrant serrated green paper seal embossed with Virginia's motto: "Sic Semper Tyrannis." Smoothed folds, else a brilliant, very fine condition. Matted and professionally framed to an overall size of 15.5" x 14.25". This appointment paved the way for Lee's 1862 command of the 1st Virginia Cavalry, which in turn led to divisional commands under Stuart and Hampton. This certificate is a great addition to any Lee family Civil War memorabilia collection.

Confederate Captain Uniform of Captain B. B. Blue, 18th "Marmaduke's" Arkansas Infantry with buttonhole to attach his empty sleeve (amputated right arm) to the front of his uniform.

The only Confederate Uniform from Arkansas to come on the market in half a century! A great one at that - as it was customized to accommodate Captain Blue's empty sleeve buttoned to the chest of his uniform after his right arm had been amputated from a battlefield wound during General Bragg's invasion of Kentucky in 1862.

This Confederate uniform was most likely made in Atlanta, as after his exchange as a prisoner of war, Captain Blue was assigned Assistant Provost Marshall of Atlanta. Later, he was assigned to command the military post at Marietta, Georgia by General Hood, commander of the Army of Tennessee. A trusted staff officer first serving on the staff of General John S. Marmaduke, Captain Blue originally enlisted in 1861 in Memphis, Tennessee with Marmaduke's 18th Arkansas, which later became the 3rd Confederate Infantry and signed on "For the War," an obligation which he certainly fulfilled, serving from 1861 until 1865. Captain Blue lost his right arm, was captured, and became a prisoner of war in Kentucky. He was later exchanged in Vicksburg, Mississippi and faithfully resumed his duties to the Confederacy in Atlanta and Marietta, Georgia.

This Confederate captain's frock coat is made of cadet gray wool with standing collar, which was originally dyed blue for infantry and later returned to buff for Captain Blue's position as a staff officer. It has triple gold braids for his captain's insignia on the collar. The cuffs are of the pointed pattern with similar blue - buff color. Two strands of quatrefoil run up each of the sleeves, also indicating Blue's rank as captain and the sleeves are in the Confederate officer pattern. This double-breasted uniform has eagle staff buttons. A unique feature of this coat is that the right sleeve has been made slightly shorter than the left and the inside cuff has two button holes to fit through the large-size eagle staff buttons on the front of the uniform, which held up Captain Blue's empty right sleeve. There is an old museum tag inside the coat and the buttons missing off the front are in the coattail pocket. This is an original and untouched Confederate officer's uniform worn by an officer of the 18th Arkansas.

Provenance: Blue Family, prominent collector
1913 museum tag when it was loaned to a museum.

Authentication: Les Jensen, 6-page report with detailed photographs

Confederate Uniform of Cuban-born Officer Lt. Francisco Moreno, who served with Beauregard and was killed at the Battle of Shiloh in 1862 - wearing this uniform!

This uniform has one of the most intriguing histories of the Civil War as this uniform was worn by a gentleman from a prominent Cuban family. Lieutenant Francisco Moreno was one of a number of men of Hispanic descent who were part of the Southern Aristocracy that fought for the Confederacy. His father was the largest banker in Pensacola and his grandfather was a surgeon in the Spanish Army stationed in Pensacola. His great-grandfather commanded one of the Spanish colonies in Louisiana in 1778. He was clearly connected to the upper echelons of the Confederate Army, not only serving with General Beauregard, but his sister was married to the Confederate Secretary of Navy Stephen Mallory, who was also from Pensacola.

Moreno was mortally wounded, being shot through the legs while wearing this uniform at the Battle of Shiloh. The uniform has the appearance of being cut off him after he was wounded. He signed his name inside the uniform at the waist in iron gall ink, "F. Moreno, Jr." This New Orleans-made Confederate 1st Lieutenant's frock coat is made of fawn gray wool and has eagle staff buttons backed "superior quality." The standing collar is made of medium sky-blue kersey for the infantry. Stitched to the collar on each side is the Confederate 1st Lieutenant's rank insignia, made of two flat gold braids. The blue cuffs are made from the same sky blue wool kersey in a pointed pattern with eagle cuff buttons back marked "Extra Quality." Quatrefoil runs up each sleeve in a Confederate pattern officer's insignia. An unusual feature of the uniform is that the inside lining is fitted with a lightweight dark brown leather belt. The front of the coat has a single button hole on each side, which is a French feature allowing the front of the coat to be buttoned to the back, allowing the coat to be kept out of the way of the legs. This feature is only found in New Orleans-made Confederate officer uniforms.

Lieutenant Moreno joined the Orleans guard infantry, a six-company organization that entered Confederate service in December 1861. General P. G. T. Beauregard was also a member of this battalion which formed part of his command during the Battle of Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862. The Orleans guards' casualties were 17 killed, 55 wounded, and 18 missing. Among those was Lieutenant Moreno, who was hit in both legs and died shortly after the battle. General Beauregard made a personal inquiry regarding Lieutenant Moreno by flag of truce to Union General Buell.

A historically important Confederate uniform from many perspectives, beginning with Lieutenant Moreno's connection with one of the earliest Spanish families of Louisiana, Florida, and Cuba. He was mortally wounded wearing this uniform as the blood stains so vividly indicate. He may have been cut out of his coat as he lay wounded on the battlefield. As such, it is an extremely rare uniform with one of the most fascinating histories of any relic to survive the Civil War.

Provenance: Moreno Family, prominent collector

Authentication: Les Jensen, 6-page report with detailed photographs

Union Cavalry Private's Shell Jacket with yellow piping throughout in near mint condition. U.S. Arsenal markings stenciled inside the right sleeve from the "Cincinnati Arsenal" with coarse muslin lining, perfect for display. Two-piece eagle buttons intact.

Confederate Surgeon's Sash with Original Knots and Green Fringe. A very rare Confederate medical officer's sash with a coarse weave gold bodice of the sash, with the fringe dyed dark medical green on gold officer's knots. This would have completed a Confederate surgeon's uniform ensemble.

Confederate Cedar Wood Canteen Carried by a Member of the "14th Alabama Volunteers" and inscribed "14th ALA" near the throat of the canteen, with black leather harness shoulder strap also carved with floral designs. The 14th Alabama Infantry regiment was organized at Auburn, Alabama in July 1861. It served in Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and fought in its first battle at the Battle of Williamsburg. It later lost 316 men at the Battle of Gettysburg. A superb Confederate canteen from the hard fighting Alabama regiment.

Confederate Surgeon General of South Carolina Secession Badge, 2" x 3.25", mounted to a period card, 2.5" x 4", upon which is inscribed, "Secession Badge of So Ca. 1861 from Dr. R. W. Gibbes: Surgeon Gen'l of State." A two-piece gilt South Carolina militia cuff button, a swatch of dark blue fabric and a piece of palmetto frond have been combined to create this fine rebel cockade. In excellent condition with only slight aging to its card mount. Whether this item was personally worn by Dr. Gibbes or was a gift from him is a matter of conjecture. Either way, this wonderful badge is associated with one of the great minds of antebellum South Carolina. Robert W.Gibbes (1809-1866) indeed served the Confederate cause in a medical capacity. His intellectual passions, however, were much broader than the healing arts. Gibbes collected and published extensively on natural history, with an emphasis on local paleontological discoveries. He was also well-versed in geology, biology and history.

Uniform of Union 2nd Lieutenant Solon Finney, Company E, 6th Michigan Cavalry. A rare US Cavalry officer's custom-made uniform with a yellowish velvet lay down collar, and US Cavalry eagle "C" buttons backmarked "D Evans & Co., Attleboro, Mass." The 2nd Lt. shoulder straps have a cavalry yellow velvet background with dead and bright borders. The interior of this frock coat is quilted and Lieutenant Finney has inscribed his name in iron gall ink in the left sleeve within a hand-drawn border. A remarkable cavalry officer's uniform, Lieutenant Finney enlisted in the 6th Michigan Cavalry at Grand Rapids, Michigan on September 20, 1862, and served in all of the battles led by General Custer, including the Battle of Gettysburg and the Wilderness Campaign. The 6th Michigan Cavalry was a hard fighting unit, which they most certainly had to be to ride with Custer. The unit lost 386 men during the Civil War, and fought close to 100 cavalry engagements. Lieutenant Finney also rode in Kilpatrick's raid on Richmond as well as Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign. He was mortally wounded by a gunshot wound to the chest at Bethel Church, Virginia near Amelia Courthouse, and died on April 9, 1865, the very day that Lee surrendered the army of northern Virginia to Grant at Appomattox.

Authentication: Les Jensen

U.S. Artillery Corporal Shell Jacket, a scarce Civil War uniform that is US Army Arsenal Inspected and stenciled "16-42-22B" with original coarse brown lining. The corporal's chevrons are original to the coat as well; the chevrons are sewn onto black cloth sewn onto each sleeve. All buttons are of the two-piece style.

U.S. Rifleman's Captain Civil War Uniform. This single-breasted Union Rifleman's frock coat with eagle buttons made by Steele and Johnson was fashioned for a captain in the U.S. Rifles. Made of very fine dark blue broadcloth, this coat is very well constructed with a tight thread count and a six-panel composition. Nine U.S. eagle buttons down the breast with the "R" insignia within the shield and back-marked "Steele and Johnson" signify that the coat was to be worn by a rifle officer. The coat's collar is a two-piece standing type and is lined with the same material as the coat. The sleeve cuffs are functional as each has two "Steele and Johnson" back-marked small buttons.

On each shoulder of the coat there is a Smith's patent captain's shoulder strap with the edge and captain's device made of stamped brass. The background of these shoulder straps is green, which is the color of the Riflemen and Sharpshooters and is exceedingly rare. The back of the coat incorporates the conventional design with a center vent, four Rifle Officer's buttons, two at the hips and one each at the end of each pocket flap. All are back-marked "Steele and Johnson". The pockets are made of very dark brown cotton and access is from the outside of the coat. The coat is lined with a fine cotton.

Since the Revolutionary War, rifle units in the United States Army were specialists that fought along side the infantry. By the time of the Civil War, with the advent of advanced weaponry these units were assimilated into the regular forces as sharpshooters, although the term "foot rifleman" could still be found in the 1861 Army Regulations. However, within the state militias there were many foot riflemen who wore an upright trumpet insignia on their headgear.

Due to the fact that there were only a few units in the Union Army that were designated as rifleman units makes this U.S. Captain's Rifleman's frock coat much more interesting and rarer than the standard frock coats of the War. In overall good condition, this coat is a fine example of an extremely rare Civil War Union Rifleman's officer's coat.

Authentication: Les Jensen

Union Enlisted Mans "Bummers Cap" with all-original sweatband, lining, chinstrap, visor, & U.S. eagle side buttons. This was the hat most of the enlisted men in the Union army wore and because of their extensive usage, very few have survived. A superb example.

Georgia Slouch Hat With a State of Georgia "Local" Button. Confederate officer's slouch hat with a local state of Georgia button. A rare officer's hat lacking trim and officer's knot, yet it still retains its local Georgia button pinning up the brim of the hat on one side. Single-piece construction fur felt with a tall crown, this style of hat was popular throughout the South, worn by Confederate officers from lieutenants to generals.

Provenance: William Turner Collection

U.S. Buglers "Musician's" Shell Jacket with original Schuylkill, New York U.S. Army Arsenal red plaid lining as well as stenciled arsenal markings "L - SA - 9" - two-piece U.S. eagle buttons intact throughout, extensive red piping across chest. A very rare bugler's uniform with a magnificent plaid lining which is rarely encountered.

Civil War Brass Bugle with Original Cord Wrap on Body with a pigtail mouthpiece to denote the tone of the bugle. This is a rare war date bugle with crudely wrapped cord possibly indicating Western theatre. Other than a few minor dents from usage, it is in nice condition with excellent patina.

Civil War Surgeon's 24-Piece Instrument Set. This is a fascinating set of Civil War surgeon's tools with 10 of the 24 tools in their original mahogany case. The remaining 14 tools are contained in a reproduction case. All the instruments are in excellent condition. A third case contains seven more tools making this an elaborate and complete set of Civil War surgeon's tools. These cases were carried into battle and used in field hospitals to perform surgery and amputations on wounded soldiers. Included with the set is a tin quinine vessel and glass creasotum bottle, a liquid used for toothaches and stomach maladies during the Civil War.

Confederate Battle Flag of the 3rd Tennessee Infantry; Captured at Fort Donelson This late 1861 Confederate Hardee 1st pattern design flag with a bright blue field and white canton "3rd Tenn" stenciled in black ink was captured at Fort Donelson by Union forces of the 66th Illinois "Birge's Western Sharpshooters". Descended through the family of then-19 year-old Union Private Prosper Bowe of Coloma, Michigan, this flag is believed to be the only one of its kind still in private hands. Private Bowe was one of three brothers enlisting in the fall of 1861 when the federal government ordered ten companies of sharpshooters to be recruited for General Fremont. Due to the strict marksmanship criteria of the troops, the regiment was composed of men from many states. At the same time Confederate Brigadier General William Joseph Hardee was forming what would become the Army of Central Kentucky. While at Bowling Green he designed the distinctive flag design shown here. There is evidence that the wife of General Hardee as well as General Simon Bolivar Buckner's wife actually made some of the flags. The fact that there are so few examples of the 1st pattern Hardee flag may be due to their early issuance in the war. And many like this were obviously captured.

The 3rd Tennessee Confederate Infantry was formed on May 16, 1861 at Giles County, Tennessee. Composed of ten companies of handpicked men, the regiment immediately traveled to Nashville and camped at the fairgrounds. They received their weapons at the state capitol and were taken by rail cars to Camp Cheatham. Led by Colonel John C. Brown, a strict disciplinarian, the troops' first real engagement under this flag was at Fort Donelson, Tennessee reaching the post on February 8, 1862 with General Buckner in command. Union gunboats attacked on February 14, 1862 but were repulsed. Due to some Confederate confusion, and thanks to reinforcements to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant, the Confederates surrendered two days later. The North had its first great victory and a new hero in Grant. Nicknamed "U. S. Grant" after that battle since he had demanded "unconditional surrender" from General Buckner, Grant proceeded to take charge of the surrendered troops.

Fort Donelson was the occasion of the 3rd Tennessee meeting the 66th Illinois and of losing this flag that ended up in Private Bowe's hands. Losing 13 men and 56 wounded, the remainder of the regiment was surrendered. The Confederate officers were taken to Camp Chase, Ohio, the enlisted men and non-commissioned officers to notorious Camp Douglas, Illinois. After 7 months of incarceration, the officers and men were loaded onto boats for the journey down the Mississippi River for parole at Vicksburg, Mississippi.

The 66th Illinois continued on throughout the war fighting in Mississippi and throughout Georgia. Private Prosper Bowe survived the war sending accounts of the conflict back home. On July 22, 1864 while in Atlanta, he wrote that the Confederates were "...bound to get to our trains but we had something to say about that." The Sharpshooters were by then armed with Henry repeating rifles, the forerunner of the Winchester. Of that experience Bowe wrote, "I stood and fired nearly ninety rounds without stopping. My gun was so hot I could not touch it - spit on it and it siz." Bowe mustered out on July 7, 1865 and returned to Michigan. A copy of a post-war photograph of Bowe accompanies the flag. In it, Bowe is missing one eye.

This historically significant flag measures 34" at the hoist side and 43.5" at the fly. Made of cotton flannel, the field is dark blue with an 18.75" elliptical horizontal disk in the center with the unit designation in 4.5" numeral and letters. Unlike many other flags that have faded over time, the lettering on this Hardee flag is fine and legible. The blue "indigo" in this flag is bright and in fine condition. Battlefield trophy swatches have been taken over time from the top edge of the flag. The hoist has also been removed or used for trophies as well.

Accompanying the flag is an archive of information concerning the two units and Private Bowe. A letter of authentication by distinguished Civil War expert and author Howard Madaus is included. Overall, this is a significant and historical flag from the first great engagement of the Civil War.

The Confederate Battle Flag of the 4th Tennessee Infantry: The Famous Beauregard Design. This "artillery"-sized Confederate battle flag was the product of intense lobbying by General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard. Realizing that the states were not supplying flags for their troops and being determined to end the confusion of identifying friend from foe on the battlefield, Beauregard lobbied the Confederate Congress to adopt a more distinctive flag for the Southern forces. After failing in that effort, Beauregard solicited design concepts from his commanders. The result was the design shown here which became the prototype of the Confederate battle flag used at the Battle of Shiloh; it is remarkably intact and only one of two known to exist. Descended through the unit's last commander, the flag of the 4th Tennessee Infantry was manufactured by the noted New Orleans contractor Henry Cassidy and delivered to the regiment in April 1862. It is one of two flags proudly displayed by Confederate veterans at a Shiloh reunion in 1900 in the photograph below.

Cassidy constructed the flag's field using a red cotton-wool fabric warp/weft. Emblazoned on the field is the dramatic, fine blue 5.5" wide St. Andrew's cross bordered by strips of white cotton. On the obverse, twelve white, six-pointed silk stars are sewn at 4.5" intervals. Reverse, the blue fabric is cut away to reveal the twelve stars at 2.75" to 3" across from point to point. A yellow 3.25" twill weave serge border is sewn to the three exposed sides of the flag. A 2.125" wide cotton heading contains the five buttonhole eyelets that finish the staff side of the flag. The overall dimensions are 35.5" on the staff side and 37" on the fly. Accompanying the flag, once attached, is a white cotton swallowtail streamer measuring 8" at the hoist and 44.5" to the tip of the streamer's points (40" to the cut of the swallowtail). Also shown in the 1900 photograph below, the streamer bears the inscription "4th Tenn. Inf." in block letters. The flag is in overall good condition with some moth damage to the red field. The silk stars show only minor wear while the blue St. Andrew's cross is still brilliant with minimal wear. Moth damage appears at the serge border while the numeral "4" in the streamer has loss due to paint deterioration.

The most recognizable banner of the Confederacy, the design originally called for flags of different sizes to be issued to the infantry, cavalry and artillery. However, in practice, the flags were issued to units based on availability with no regard to protocol. And the 4th Tennessee would need them. Organized near Memphis at Germantown, Tennessee, it was accepted into Confederate service on August 16, 1861. In just over six months the regiment would lose almost half of its effective forces at the Battle of Shiloh with Brigadier General Charles Clark's Division. While Colonel Rufus P. Neely would be commended for his bravery at Shiloh, the casualties included the regiment's Major, John F. Henry. However, Colonel Neely would die soon thereafter in May 1862. After the siege at Corinth and the Battle of Perryville, the regiment was so decimated by the time of the Battle of Murfreesboro that it was consolidated with the 5th Tennessee to form the 4th/5th Tennessee Regiments. Forming the right wing of Stewart's Brigade, the regiment was honored in their capture of many federal pieces during the battle. Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Atlanta and Jonesboro, Georgia would follow. By the time of their surrender at Greensboro, North Carolina on April 26, 1865, the few men shown here left standing and holding this same flag they fought under so many years earlier were lucky to be alive.

Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus are included.

Confederate 'Stars and Bars' 18th Tennessee Infantry Flag; Captured at Fort Donelson. This striking and beautiful silk Confederate Stars and Bars of the 18th Tennessee Infantry was captured at the surrender of Fort Donelson on February 15, 1862 by Sergeant R. F. Larimer of the 66th Illinois Infantry (Birge's Western Sharpshooters). The Congress of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States adopted this design, known as the Confederate First National flag, on May 4, 1861. First National flag design implementations varied greatly, especially since they were hand sewn and due to the fact that additional stars for new Confederate states were being added as they left the Union. In this First National flag the style is classical, true to the intent of the Confederate Congress with the circle of white stars in the upper left on the blue field, 7 for the original seven seceding states and the 8th for Virginia, dating this flag to sometime after May 7, 1861.

In the first great victory for the North, this fine example fell into the hands of Union troops, specifically Sergeant R. F. Larimer (as noted in an Adjutant General's report), about whom we know quite a lot. Born in Scioto County, Ohio on October 27, 1838 he began farming with his brother, eventually purchasing a half-interest in a sawmill. After the outbreak of the war, in August 1861 he rushed out to join an elite unit being formed at Paris, Illinois, Birge's Western Sharpshooters, later named the 66th Illinois Infantry. One had to be an able marksman to make it into the unit led by Colonel John W. Birge as it was soon off to war and action at the Battle of Fort Donelson, the Union's first great victory.

The 18th Tennessee Infantry was there waiting. Mustered into service the same month as their adversaries in the 66th Illinois, the Tennessee forces were under the command of Confederate General Simon Bolivar Buckner. In the early afternoon of February 14, 1862 the Federal ironclads St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Louisville and Carondelet began shelling the fort. Using the eleven big guns in their water batteries, the southern forces repulsed the gunboat fleet under the command of Union flag officer Andrew H. Foote, wounding Foote during the retreat.

The southern celebration was short-lived. The Union infantry, led by General Ulysses S. Grant was being reinforced, quickly cutting off the Confederates' possible escape route from the fort. Seizing the opportunity to evacuate some of the troops, Confederate Generals John Floyd, Gideon Pillow, and Bushrod Johnson left Buckner in command and took some 2,000 men and headed toward Nashville. Confederate Cavalryman Colonel Nathan Bedford Forrest led additional troops across the Lick River to safety. Seeing this, Grant retook any ground lost earlier and demanded the surrender of the fort. Vastly outnumbered and seemingly doomed, General Buckner asked for terms of the surrender. Grant would reply that there would only be one type of surrender that day, "unconditional." From that day the 18th Tennessee and their comrades were taken prisoner and their flag captured, Ulysses S. Grant would be the first hero of the Union with a new nickname, "U. S." (unconditional surrender) Grant. It was at this point that Sergeant Larimer came into possession of the flag seen here today.

The members of the 18th Tennessee would spend seven months in Union prisoner of war camps until exchanged to fight again. They had lost 52 men at Fort Donelson but would lose hundreds more later on at Chickamauga and other battles before being paroled in May 1865.

This elegant Confederate First National flag, the Stars and Bars of the Confederacy, is constructed of two layers of silk. The overall dimensions are 59" on its hoist and 106" on its fly. The blue canton measures 39.25" on the hoist and 34.5" on the fly. The canton is decorated with eight five-pointed stars arranged in a circle of seven with the eighth star in the center. The stars are appliquéd to each side of the canton using a lockstitch machine on the obverse, the reverse using hand stitching. The stars measure 5.25" to 5.5" across their points. The flag's field is composed of three horizontal silk bars, the upper red one measuring 19.625" wide, the center white and 19.5" wide and the lower red one 19.75" wide. All are hand sewn and hemmed around the periphery of the flag. Thirteen pairs of faded red silk ties, each about .875" wide and about 5" long are equally spaced for use in securing the flag to its staff. In the center of the bottom bar on each side is appliquéd a 1.5" x 9.375" white cotton label stamped with "CAPTURED AT FORT DONALDSON [sic],/ BY R. F. LARIMER, FEBRUARY, 1862." The overall condition of the flag is good with small silk fractures on the fly end. There are some fold holes in a vertical line through the bars about 26" from the fly end. The canton has a 1" x 3" hole just under the lower leading-edge star with about five smaller holes adjacent to it.

The flag has been researched and authenticated by Howard Madaus, the distinguished expert and author on Civil War flags. It has been conserved by Fonda Thomson and is housed in a protective archival frame for display by Thomson as well. An archive of research concerning the flag, both regiments and Sergeant Larimer accompanies the banner. Sergeant Larimer fought on throughout the South's bloodiest battles, his younger brother being killed at Kennesaw Mountain. His application for an invalid pension after the war states his reasons for disability as "rheumatism and heart disease contracted at Fort Donelson in 1862." He died in 1908.

This Confederate First National Stars and Bars was present at a historic time during the Civil War, fought under and seized by brave men both North and South. Noted Civil War expert and author Howard Madaus' research and authentication accompany this flag.

The Confederate Battle Flag of the 31st Tennessee Volunteers, "The Western Stars". A Confederate battle flag that was never surrendered or captured is a rare find indeed. This flag is just such a rarity. An Army of Tennessee pattern, it was probably delivered to Company A of the 31st Tennessee Infantry when the regiment wintered in Dalton, Georgia from 1863 to 1864 since this pattern is known to have been issued at the Dalton Depot. Ensign William Bellew daringly carried this flag through every battle until the ill-fated Battle of Nashville in December 1864 where he was captured by federal troops. Bellew stripped the flag from its staff before the Union forces could take it from him, concealing it inside his coat under the cover of darkness. Taken to Camp Chase, Ohio as a prisoner of war, he quickly quilted the flag into the lining of his coat. Released in June 1865, he returned home to Gibson County, Tennessee with the flag still secretly sewn inside his coat.

Bellew's mother is responsible for the flag being transferred out of the family's hands. When Dr. George W. Nowlin, a medical doctor who had been the hospital steward of the 31st during the war found out that Mrs. Bellew had been flying the flag in her garden to scare off marauding birds, he sent for the flag to keep it secure. The flag has descended to its present owner through the Nowlin family.

Measuring 35" on the staff and 51" on its fly, the flag is made of hand-sewn red wool traversed by a 5.25" wide dark blue bunting St. Andrew's cross edged on each side with a 2" wide strip of white cotton. The cross bears thirteen white cotton 3.25" diameter five-pointed stars set at 8" intervals from the center star. Accompanying the flag is a 24" cotton strip stenciled with the words "Co. A 31 Reg. Tenn. Vol.".

Company A, called the 'Western Stars' of the 31st Tennessee regiment of the Confederate Infantry was formed out of Weakley County, Tennessee and organized with the regiment in Gibson County at Camp Trenton in September 1861. Under the command of General J. P. McCown, the regiment moved to Columbus, Kentucky and on to Fort Pillow and by April 1862 was in Corinth, Mississippi. Passing through Tupelo and Chattanooga, the regiment saw action at the Battle of Perryville where it lost 100 men. A contemporary account by a Federal soldier at the battle stated that the 31st Tennessee attacked "with death-defying steadiness, uttering wild yells until staggered by the sweeping crossfire of our artillery..." And the regiment would suffer for their bravery, the casualties only multiplying throughout the rest of the war; 250 at Chickamauga, 300 at Franklin in one day, 600 dead within fifty yards of them. Just two weeks later William Bellew would carry the same flag that he waved in these actions into the Battle of Nashville. His quick thinking on the battlefield combined with the wisdom of Dr. Nowlin and his descendants have preserved this unique treasure from the Civil War.

Noted conservator Fonda Thompson has framed the flag with archival quality which comes with the accompanying research volume. Renowned author and Civil War expert Howard Madaus has authenticated the flag and a copy of his research is provided as well. A 500-page leather bound volume along with a photograph album tracing the 31st and their path during the war is included with the banner, documenting the history of the regiment and the flag. This historic flag has been the subject of much press coverage and is used in many academic texts as an example of rare Civil War flags, unique in every way.

Virginia Regimental Flag Captured by the 53rd Pennsylvania Infantry. This Virginia Civil War flag was captured by Union Captain William W. Van Ormer of the 53rd Pennsylvania Volunteers. This flag has been passed down through his descendants and is being offered for auction for the first time. The war-date portion of the flag is hand-painted on a white central disc that is made by noted flag maker H. P. Keane, probably from Richmond. Keane was commissioned by the state of Virginia to produce military flags for infantry and cavalry regiments and according to noted flag expert and author Howard Michael Madaus, this flag dates from 1861-1862.

The central device is painted on an ellipse (both sides), is approximately 39" x 37" (oval), and depicts the Virginia state seal, a standing female warrior with a sword in her right hand and her right foot resting on a prone figure representing the tyrant who has broken chains in his hand and his crown on the ground. Above the figure on a red ribbon is "Virginia"' in 1.5" white block letters while beneath the state motto on a blue ribbon, "Sic Semper Tyrannis", (Latin for "Thus always to Tyrants") in the same block lettering. The disc is of wool fabric and has been sewn into the later vibrant blue wool fly for display. This flag is similar to 28th Virginia Infantry Regiment battle flag illustrated in Time-Life's Echoes of Glory - Arms and Equipment of the Confederacy (p.250). The approximate dimensions of the flag (including fringe) is 56" x 41.5" and the overall framed size is approximately 61" x 45.5".

Captain Van Ormer enlisted in the 53rd Pennsylvania Infantry in September 1861 and served in the First Division, Second Corps, Army of the Potomac. The unit would see much action in the war. First assigned to the defenses of Washington, they moved to the battlefields of Manassas, Yorktown, Seven Pines, Antietam and Bull Run. Captain Van Ormer was shot in the left hand at Spottsylvania on May 12, 1864. But it was at Gettysburg when the troops would see their most trying times. Only 45 of the men would survive that monumental battle uninjured.

Regimental records and the Van Ormer family histories indicate that the young captain was with the regiment all the way to the surrender at Appomattox. Exactly one week before Lee surrendered, the 53rd would have one glorious day of overwhelming Confederate troops- and taking one of their flags. On April 2, 1865 at Sutherland's Station Union Major General Andrew A. Humphrey's Second Corps included the 53rd Pennsylvania facing off against Virginians under Confederate General Henry Heth. The 53rd swept down the breastworks at a "double-quick" pace capturing over 600 Confederates and one battle flag of the 9th Virginia Infantry. It is not known if this Virginia flag is for sure that of the 9th, but we do know that Van Ormer brought home this war trophy from an overrun Virginia unit in from Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. These regimental accounts give us that story.

This flag comes with authentication research by noted expert/author Howard Michael Madaus and has been professionally conserved by Fonda Thomson and is nicely framed.

Provenance: Van Ormer Family

Authentication: Howard Madaus

General S. S. Lee's Confederate Navy Flag- The Only Lee Family Flag still in Private Hands. Confederate 1st National Flag from Robert E. Lee's Family owned and carried by Confederate States Naval Captain Sidney Smith Lee, brother of General Robert E. Lee and father of Confederate General Fitzhugh Lee. Measuring 18" x 24", this beautiful silk Confederate 1st National flag with 13 stars was handmade for CS Navy Captain S. S. Lee by his wife, Anna Maria Mason Lee at their Virginia home "Ravensworth" in 1862 after Lee received his appointment in the Confederate Navy. Mrs. Lee was the daughter of John Mason, the Confederate States envoy to England. This was Captain Sidney Smith Lee's personal Headquarters flag which he used when he served as the executive naval officer in command of the Norfolk Navy Yard during the construction of the C.S.S. Virginia in 1862. With twelve five-pointed stars arranged in a circle and the thirteenth in the center, the last star was added with the admission of Kentucky to the Confederacy in December 1861. The red bars at the top and bottom are separated by the white bar and are still vibrant in color. The blue field and stars are in excellent condition as well.

This flag is very unique in that it is the only Lee family Confederate flag still in private hands. The provenance is certain as the flag was passed down to Sidney Smith Lee's son, Confederate General Fitzhugh Lee who was later Governor of Virginia. The great-grandson of Sydney Smith Lee sold the flag making it available for this sale.

Sidney Smith Lee, the older brother of General Robert E. Lee, was born in 1805 at Camden, New Jersey while his mother was visiting a friend. At the early age of 14 he entered the U.S. Navy and saw action in the Mexican War, as did Robert E. Lee. He prospered in the service and later commanded the Philadelphia Navy Yard and was commandant at the US Naval Academy at Annapolis. He commanded the USS Mississippi on Commodore Matthew Perry's groundbreaking mission to open trade with Japan in 1853. Resigning his commission at the outbreak of the Civil War, he received a captain's commission in the Confederate States Navy. He commanded at the Norfolk Navy Yard where the Confederate gunships were being built and he hung this flag in his office. After the war he retired and died in 1869.

The flag is from the noted William Turner Collection and is accompanied by letters of authenticity from noted flag expert Howard Michael Madaus and provenance including a genealogical chart of the Lee family of Virginia. The flag is beautifully framed by Laurence Gallery.

Provenance: Fitzhugh Lee Family. William Turner Collection.

Authentication: Howard Madaus

Confederate First National Flag with Seven Star "Crescent" Pattern, Captured at the Fall of New Orleans. 48" x 33" and accompanied by family provenance and notarized affidavit of Dorothy B. Morrill, the great-granddaughter of Commander Charles Caldwell of the U.S.S. Gunboat Itasca who captured this flag during the fall of New Orleans in 1862. The flag is made of flannel and the canton is a faded blue with seven white stars hand applied in a very rare crescent pattern. On March 4, 1861, the Confederate Congress created the Confederacy's First National flag bearing seven stars as only seven Southern states had yet seceded and Congress was hurried to give the new country a standard to rally around. The stars on this flag were arranged in a wreath, or crescent design, and are believed to have been made in New Orleans, the "Crescent City". It was believed that more states would secede and room was left to welcome the new states on the flag with a star of their own. In early April of 1862, Commander Charles Caldwell of the Union began the perilous duty of opening the way for Farragut's fleet to come up the Mississippi River from the Gulf of Mexico to attack the Confederate forts protecting New Orleans. Commander Caldwell and a small crew from the Itasca went before the forts under cover of night and cut the chains the Confederates had strung across the Mississippi River to block passage. On the night of April 20th, Caldwell returned to the scene in a ten-oar rowboat to make sure the chains had not been repaired. Dodging fire rafts and risking detection by the Confederates within the forts, he discovered that there was indeed a passage enabling free movement along the eastern shore, and he signaled Admiral Farragut of his discovery. With that signal, the Union fleet sprang into motion and the assault of Forts Jackson and St. Phillip began. It ended five days later with the surrender and capture of New Orleans. Commander Caldwell was lauded for his bravery as he undoubtedly ensured the success of Farragut's Union fleet that night. Family history firmly documents that it was during this engagement and the surrender of New Orleans that he captured this early style Confederate First National flag. Its seven star "Crescent" design dates between February and April of 1861 and corresponds to its early capture in the Civil War with the fall of the Confederacy's first major city.

Provenance: Commander Caldwell Family

Authentication: Howard Madaus

President Abraham Lincoln and His First Cabinet: Signed Civil War Signal Flag in ink on blue silk. At 20" x 20", the signal flag is boldly signed by Abraham Lincoln at the center, along with his first administration cabinet: including Gideon Welles, S. P. Chase, Hannibal Hamlin, Montgomery Blair, John P. Usher, Edward Bates, Edwin Stanton, and William Seward - who was stabbed by Lewis Powell the night Lincoln was assassinated. It is a unique Civil War/President Lincoln-signed Signal Flag.

Provenance: Antietam Museum

Beautiful Lafayette Artillery New Hampshire Volunteers Guidon. A beautiful fringed guidon measuring 25" x 26" , circa 1833-1864, silk, with painted details, in modern frame 33.5" x 33.5", under plexiglass, fine condition with some minor wrinkling and a very few small holes and minor tears. This guidon presents a striking image starting with a base of beige silk (now slightly toned with age) with crossed cannons on a field of 13 stars and rays of light. Above the center motif is a scroll with "Lyndeborough New Hampshire" and below a scroll with "Lafayette Artillery". The painted on features have lost almost none of their color and are still bright and complete. Mounted at the base of the guidon is a brass plaque reading "Civil War Union Flag Carried by N.H. Regiment". Though the company can trace its roots back to 1804, its Civil War history began in 1864 when it was sent to Fort Constitution to assist in relieving the National Guards and Strafford Guards.

Rare Confederate Saber Owned and Illustrated by William Albaugh. One of the finest Confederate cavalry sabers in existence. This is the actual saber in William Albaugh's personal collection and published in his book Confederate Edged Weapons. This saber was sketched by Carl Pugliese for Albaugh in 1960. The massive blade is 36" long with a single fuller. The guard is iron with an original leather covered grip and single strand brass wire. The original scabbard is in near mint condition, as is the saber, with brass spur strap buckles as ring hangers instead of customary ring mounts. The saber is truly unique, with impeccable provenance from the great collector/author William Albaugh.

Provenance: Dr. Garvin

Authentication: Steve Hess

College Hill Confederate Staff and Field Officer's Sword, Nashville, Tennessee. A superb example of a College Hill Staff & Field Officer's sword. The hilt and scabbard mounts retain 95% of the original gilt. Very few Confederate swords survive in this remarkable and untouched condition. The etched blade has the letters "C.S.A." and a Confederate stars and bars flag. The foundry was located on College Hill, Nashville, Tennessee, and operated by L.T. Cunningham. When Nashville fell on April 1, 1862, sword manufacturing halted at the foundry. A sword similar to this is in the Battle Abbey Collection (item #144) at the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond. This sword is totally original throughout and is one of the best condition swords to have surfaced in recent times. Superb in every respect.

Provenance: Tharpe Collection

Authentication: Steve Hess

Hayden & Whilden Artillery Officer's Sword, Charleston, South Carolina. Hayden & Whilden, military outfitters, jewelers and silversmiths operated in Charleston, South Carolina from 1855-1863. In 1863, the partnership of Hayden and Whilden ended when William G. Whilden became a lieutenant in the elite Confederate Washington Artillery stationed in Charleston South Carolina. He served his unit until his company surrendered with the Army of Tennessee at Greensboro North Carolina on April 26, 1865. This light artillery sword was actually manufactured by Thomas Griswold of New Orleans and marked "Hayden & Whilden, Charleston, SC" on the reverse ricasso and sent to the Charleston firm for their use as military outfitters of artillery units. This saber is probably the best example in existence. The saber and scabbard are totally uncleaned and untouched. File finishing marks on the hilt, blade and scabbard are still very evident. Confederate light artillery sabers are rare, and only four surviving Hayden & Whilden examples are known to exist.

Provenance: John Hammer

Authentication: Steve Hess

Very Rare McKenney Confederate Foot Officer's Sword, Charlottesville, Virginia. The very rare McKenney Confederate foot officer's sword was made in Charlottesville, Virginia early in the war. McKenney began operations in July of 1861 and turned out six swords per week. This example is in outstanding condition. The original leather grips and wire are extraordinary. The original scabbard is extremely fine and scabbards seldomly survive with McKenney swords. The maker's name is hand-engraved on the top edge of the blade, which is customary. Only five of these swords are known to exist.

Provenance: Charlottesville family

Authentication: Steve Hess

Confederate Staff Officer's Sword James Conning, Mobile, Alabama. James Conning of Mobile, Alabama was a jeweler, silversmith, and military outfitter during the Civil War. This authentic staff and field officer's sword has matching assembly numbers "339" on the blade as well as scabbard mounts, which was customary by Conning. The original leather grips and wire are very fine and the guard, mounts, and drag retain 95% of original gilting. This is truly an exceptionally desirable Confederate staff officer's sword made in Mobile.

Provenance: Flayderman Collection

Authentication: Steve Hess

Kraft, Goldschmidt & Kraft Confederate Staff Officer's Sword. A remarkable Confederate staff officer's sword manufactured by Kraft Goldschmidt and Kraft, Columbia, South Carolina. The magnificent "CS" ornately cast hilt retains 90% of its gilt with original leather and wire.

A wonderful sword with an untouched, deeply etched blade and original black japanned scabbard, retaining 90% of the original painted finish. This sword is among the top KG&K's in existence, extremely rare and in untouched condition. Only one other KG&K is known to exist of this quality. An extremely rare sword in mint condition.

Provenance: Tharpe Collection

Authentication: Steve Hess

Unmarked Confederate Cavalry Saber. Overall length 41" with a 35.35" blade, this massive unattributed Southern saber has a pronounced curve to its blade, which carries a wide fuller down most of its length. The brass guard and pommel are each stamped "142", these numbers being the only identifying features on the weapon. The sword's leather-bound wooden grip is secured with brass wire per convention. The scabbard, however, is unusual in that it is iron throughout with the exception of its two brass ring bands. Wear to leather grip, light pitting on scabbard. Good condition.

Confederate Cavalry Sabre made by Louis Froelich at the Confederate Armory in Kenansville, North Carolina. 40 inches overall with a 34.75 inch blade with an unstopped fuller and traces of pitting. The guard is Froelich style without the customary Roman numeral assembly numbers. The grip is leather wrapped with twisted wire, the scabbard has no dents and the brass mounts and drag are intact. Overall a desirable a scarce Confederate maker in North Carolina.

Rare Confederate New Orleans "CS Pelican" Sword With Sharkskin Grips, New Orleans, Louisiana. A very rare State of Louisiana Confederate staff officer's saber with an extra large guard. The guard has a pelican feeding its young, straddled by the letters "CS". The pommel cap is cast in two pieces, as was prevalent with New Orleans swords. This sword is one of only two known to exist and it is the only one known to exist with sharkskin grips. The blade is French, along with the scabbard. New Orleans confederate sword makers often imported blades and hilted them with their southern made guards and pommel caps. Several authorities believe the sword is made by Pradel of New Orleans. The only other known example of this rare saber is in the Civil War Preservations Museum at Marshalls Creek, Pennsylvania.

Provenance: J. Stametalous

Authentication: Steve Hess

Rare Dewitt Confederate Foot Officer's Sword. Attributed to Columbus, Georgia maker A.H. Dewitt, ca. 1862, this unmarked foot officer's sword has a 36.25" overall length with a 30.5" blade. Topped with a cast brass guard and pommel, the latter decorated with a laurel wreath border. The wooden grip is bound in leather and is secured with brass wire. Leather-cased wooden scabbard having brass furniture. All brass elements enjoy old toning and display considerable evidence of rushed Confederate manufacture. The scabbard's drag has pronounced casting flaws whereas the sword's guard retains sand casting debris on its underside and file marks on the quillon. Small splits on the grip's leather casing. The leather on the scabbard exhibits normal wear with light crazing. Mottled blade with one small nick. Very good condition overall.

Rare Confederate Cavalry Sabre with Wooden Scabbard and Copper Rivets, attributed to H. Marshall & Co. of Atlanta, Georgia. Overall 39.5 inches in length with a 35.5 inch blade, age darkened patina. The wooden grip is unwrapped and has heavy single strand wire, a Roman numeral XI is engraved into the side of the guard. The wooden scabbard has a slight crack near the top mount. The tin mounts and drag still retain much of their original black paint. Overall a fine and very desirable Confederate sabre made in Atlanta.

Unique Confederate Presentation Sword to Confederate Secret Service Officer Lt. George A. Magruder, nephew of Texas General John Bankhead Magruder, Paris, France. One of the rarest Confederate presentation swords in existence presented to this officer in Paris, France in 1864. This beautiful sword was presented to Lieutenant George A. Magruder, CSA. Magruder was assistant adjutant general to his uncle, Confederate Major General John B. Magruder from Texas. While serving for the Confederate Secret Service under John Slidell (Slidell was the Confederate Commissioner to France), Magruder carried dispatches from the Confederate government to Europe in 1863-1864 where he was presented this magnificent, unique Confederate presentation sword by a lady in Paris.

The sword is virtually mint, with heavy gilting, and an ultra high quality deeply incised Toledo blade. The date "1864" on the blade is period, and a firm in Paris, France, (possibly Devisme) probably hilted the sword with the Spanish Toledo blade engraved with his initials "GAM". European swords with Confederate presentations are extremely rare, and this authentic example is one of the finest in existence and the only Confederate presentation sword with a Toldeo blade known to exist.

Provenance: Tharpe Collection

Authentication: Steve Hess

E. J. Johnston Confederate Foot Officer's Presentation Sword, Macon, Georgia. A superb E. J. Johnston, Macon, Georgia, Confederate foot officer's presentation sword with a beautifully etched blade presented to L. M. Felton, a 1st Lieutenant and later a major in the 12th (Robinson's) Georgia Cavalry (State Guards). Felton enrolled August 1, 1863 and mustered out in February 1864 and was from Macon County, Georgia. Felton was a slave owner with the 1860 slave schedules showing him owning 23 slaves. Ranging in age from 1 to 60, the slaves lived with Felton on a plantation near Macon. The Felton family was very prominent in Macon County near Marshallsville. An historic Felton family home listed on the National Register of Historic Places is on McCaskill Street.

E. J. Johnston's foundry turned out 40 infantry swords, 40 naval and artillery cutlasses and 40 cavalry sabers a week. This sword is undoubtedly one of the finest Confederate presentation swords to have survived and is in totally untouched condition, with its original scabbard and high relief blade etching in uncleaned condition. Confederate presentation swords by any maker are extremely rare, but this one is extremely nice with impeccable provenance.

Provenance: Tharpe Collection

Authentication: Steve Hess

Douglas Cavalry Officer's Saber with a "CS Star" patterned after the Boyle & Gamble staff and field officer's sword. This is one of only two Douglas cavalry officer's swords known to exist and still retains its original gilting. The saber is totally untouched, with wonderful patina and color to the guard with original grips and original wire. The flat blade is also uncleaned and is sheathed in its Confederate scabbard. Blanton Douglas & Co. Brass Foundry in Columbia, South Carolina, were manufacturers and purveyors of buttons, spurs and swords. The foundry was located next to the Washington Street Methodist Church, which was burned to the ground by Sherman's troops on February 17, 1865. Cavalry officers' sabers by this maker are extremely rare, and this is truly an untouched, authentic example. One of the rarest Confederate cavalry officer's sabers in existence.

Provenance: Flayderman Collection

Authentication: Steve Hess

College Hill Confederate Foot Officer's Presentation Sword to Lieut. Marshall Smith, who was a classmate of Sam Davis and was later captured with him in 1863. Lieut. Marshall Smith entered the war as an Instructor of Infantry Tactics, training Confederate recruits before the Battle of Shiloh for Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, who was killed during that battle. He was later Adjutant of the Third Confederate Infantry (Kentucky & Tennessee troops). This sword is one of the finest known Confederate presentation swords made in Nashville. Also, it is signed on the blade by the engraver "L.T. Cunningham" as well as having Lt. Marshall Smith's name beautifully etched in large 1" letters on the blade and a Confederate 11 Star First National Flag and "C.S.A." etched on the other side. Marshall Smith and Sam Davis were pre-war classmates at the Military College of the University of Nashville. Lieutenant Smith was serving in Coleman's Scouts (Confederate Spies) operating behind enemy lines when he was captured along with Sam Davis who was later publicly executed in downtown Nashville. Is interesting that both were captured operating behind enemy lines. Marshall Smith was captured October 9, 1863 near Shelbyville, Tennessee and became a prisoner-of-war at Camp Morton, Indiana for the duration of the war. With original leather grips, wire wraps, and an iron scabbard with brass mounts that came with the sword when it was acquired from the Marshall Smith family. The sword is in near perfect condition, and the blade is mint and frosty. Confederate presentation swords are among the rarest items of the Civil War. Very few were made and even the most advanced collections rarely have one actually signed by the engraver!

Provenance: Larry Hicklin

Authentication: Steve Hess

Confederate Boyle & Gamble & Macfee Cavalry Officer's Saber, Richmond, Virginia. A Boyle, Gamble & Macfee of Richmond, Virginia cavalry saber. The saber has its original mint grips with single strand copper wire. The flat unfullered blade that is customary with this model is uncleaned and in near-mint condition. The leather scabbard is totally intact, supple with no repairs and retains its original drag. Also intact is the drag, which many times is missing. The saber has impeccable provenance and is one of the best ever offered for sale.

Provenance: Dr. Garvin Collection

Authentication: Steve Hess

Confederate Foot Officer's Presentation Sword made by the Thomas Griswold Company of New Orleans and Presented to Lt. Eugene L. Polk of the 12th Louisiana Infantry. Inscribed to him on the throat of the scabbard with the patriotic motto, "Liberty or Death". Lieutenant Polk enlisted March 17, 1862, in Memphis, Tennessee just before it fell and he was captured during the Vicksburg Campaign near Jackson, Mississippi. A remarkable sword with wood grip, the 27" blade is gray and deeply and clearly stamped, "T. G. & Co." on the throat of the blade. The original brass mounted leather scabbard has a top sewn seam and the top mount is very neatly engraved, "E. L. Polk, 12th LA. Regmt." This is a rare Confederate New Orleans officer's sword. It was recently purchased from a family in South Carolina along with a Confederate Frock Coat.

The 12th Louisiana Battalion fought throughout the war, surrendering with the Army Tennessee under Joe Johnston in North Carolina in 1865. They fought gallantly in the Battle of Corinth, Port Hudson, Vicksburg, Jackson, Atlanta, and Franklin. An absolutely superb inscribed "Liberty or Death" Confederate sword.

Provenance: Sumter Military

Authentication: Steve Hess

Confederate Foot Artillery Sword With Belt Rig. A complete edged weapon ensemble for the prudent rebel anticipating close action with the enemy. The set consists of the following items: Foot artillery sword, maker unknown, 18.5" blade with an overall length of 24". This sword is patterned after the French model and lacks any identification markings. Its brass hilt, pommel and quillons are cast as one integral unit affixed to a gently tapering smooth blade. All elements have deep natural patinas. The blade shows light pitting throughout and a number of tiny edge nicks as expected; Leather scabbard, 19.5" overall, stitched to three-part 36.5" belt held together with two brass loops. The scabbard proper is secured by a brass frog stud and has a massive 5" tin tip painted black. The leather, although supple, is worn at stress points and exhibits overall crazing; Atlanta Arsenal cast brass rectangular C.S.A. belt plate. A true gem of a late war plate with excellent body curve, all three hooks and a deep, deep red-brown patina.

E. J. Johnston Confederate Artillery Short Sword. This Confederate artillery short sword was manufactured during the Civil War by E. J. Johnston of Macon, Georgia. The firm made many types of edged weapons throughout the war, with this sword being a unique short sword made especially for artillerymen. Measuring 25" overall, the blade has diamond-shaped fullers and the handle is cast brass. A fine example of a Confederate short sword by a noted weapons manufacturer from Georgia.

Confederate Cloverleaf Pike Made in Macon Georgia. This pike measures 82" from the tip of the steel blade point to the bottom, rounded edge of the staff. At the outbreak of the Civil War in Georgia, Governor Joseph Brown armed his state militia troops with these old-fashioned lances so that the burgeoning numbers of volunteers would have something with which to fight. Although few saw combat in the war, the militia units did parade with the pikes at the start of the war. Many were thought to be used to foul the reins of charging horses, but they did not see widespread use. As Brown appealed to all the machine shops and blacksmiths of the state, thousands of these pikes were manufactured. In good condition, this pike has browned wood and a dull finish to the metal. This is a curious reminder of the sometimes hasty actions of some people as they rush to war.

Confederate Cloverleaf Pike Made in Macon, Georgia. This pike measures 82" from the tip of the steel blade point to the bottom, rounded edge of the staff. The blade is marked "Made by H. Stevens" and is from Macon, Georgia. At the outbreak of the Civil War in Georgia Governor Joseph Brown armed his state militia troops with these old-fashioned lances so that the burgeoning numbers of volunteers would have something with which to fight. Although few saw combat in the war, the militia units did parade with the pikes at the start of the war. As Brown appealed to all the machine shops and blacksmiths of the state, thousands of these pikes were manufactured. They are a curiosity of war still with us today. In very good condition with one of the cloverleaf blades broken at the end, the pike is very well made.

Confederate Dog River Cavalry Saber. Unmarked Southern-made weapon, 41" overall length, 35.5" blade, brass hilt and pommel, wooden grip wrapped in brown leather and secured by iron or steel wire. Iron scabbard with two brass ring mounts. Brass elements all show file marks left over from manufacture. Nice toning and patina throughout with smooth surfaces on the blade. The scabbard has light pitting and a couple of small splits.

Confederate Dog River Cavalry Saber. This unmarked weapon is 41.25" long overall with a 35.5" blade, brass hilt and pommel, leather-wrapped grip bound with brass wire, blade with wide, single fuller. The iron scabbard has brass ring mounts and throat. This saber should delight the Confederate sword collector in that its brass elements are of incredibly crude manufacture. All of these retain file marks from the poor, hasty finishing typical of wartime Southern shops. Light overall rusting and a dent on the scabbard. The brass has been cleaned in the past, but it is beginning to assume some toning.

Published Boyle & Gamble Confederate Foot Officer's Sword. An exquisite weapon illustrated on page 18 of William Albaugh's Photographic Supplement of Confederate Swords. This fine sword has an overall length of 33" with a 28" blade and is sheathed in a leather scabbard having brass furniture. Although the sword is unmarked by a maker, its smooth pommel and martial blade etching are characteristic of the prolific Virginia manufacturers Boyle & Gamble. The beautifully toned brass guard surrounds a wooden grip bound in leather that is secured by brass wire. The blade is somewhat worn and has a few minor nicks, but it is free of rust and enjoys clean surfaces. The leather scabbard is not original to the sword and, although worn with light crazing, remains supple with sound stitching. A special Confederate sword worthy of any fine collection.

Rare Confederate Artillery Officer's Sabre made by Thomas Griswold of New Orleans closely resembling the standard M1850 sword specified by U.S. Army regulations of the period. 35.25" overall length with 29.5" blade, brass guard decorated with open work rose and floral designs, pommel having forward laurel leaf border, leather-bound grip secured with brass wire wraps, ricasso stamped "THOMAS.GRISWOLD & CO. NEW ORLEANS", plain steel blade with no evidence of etched design remaining. The leather scabbard has brass drag, ring mounts and rings. The cutting edge of the blade displays several nicks. There is also considerable wear to the grip leather as well as to that making up the scabbard's body. Overall fine condition. A well-made product by a master who produced some of the South's finest presentation swords before the Union capture of New Orleans.

Very Rare Confederate Imported Mole Naval Cutlass. 25" overall length with 19.75" blade, checkered two-piece grips on hilt, brass guard, pommel, tapered steel blade stamped "MOLE" on the back side of the blade, ricasso having stamped rectangle enclosing "COURTNEY & TENNANT CHARLESTON, S.C.", leather scabbard with brass tip and throat. Minor nicks on an otherwise pristine blade. Brass elements enjoy deep, old toning. The leather shows moderate wear, crazing and some loss to finish. Overall a fine example of this elusive weapon. Although the British government was officially neutral during the Civil War, many English manufacturing firms conducted a thriving arms business with the struggling Southern Confederacy. Robert Mole & Sons of Birmingham sold uniform buttons and edged weapons to the Confederate Navy through military outfitters Courtney & Tennant of Charleston.

Kenansville Confederate Cavalry Saber, 42.5" overall length, 34.5" blade. This unmarked saber is probably a Confederate States Armory product from Kenansville, North Carolina. The Roman numeral VIIII found on the right front of the brass guard is in keeping with the serialization system employed by that firm. This weapon is similar in every respect to the one illustrated on page 27 of William A. Albaugh's Confederate Edged Weapons in that it has a crude pommel cap, unstopped single fuller and heavy branches. The scabbard, although lacking a Roman numeral, is in keeping with those associated with the Kenansville saber. The iron is painted with a red lacquer finish and the whole has brass fittings. The brass elements throughout show evidence of crude Confederate casting. Original surfaces throughout with perfectly aged brass. The blade has a few small nicks, but an otherwise fresh appearance. Leather and wire no longer present on the grip. The scabbard has moderate rusting, however much of the red lacquer remains. Overall a decent, undeniably Confederate weapon.

Unmarked Confederate Cavalry Saber Attributed to College Hill Arsenal, Nashville, Tennessee. 39.25" overall length with 33.5" blade. An unquestionably southern-made weapon, this saber has a large brass guard with an oddly extended quillon retaining its maker's file marks. The wooden grip is wrapped in oilskin secured by copper wire. The slightly curved blade has a single fuller extending most of its length. The iron scabbard is accented with brass ring mounts and throat. A few minor nicks along the cutting edge of the blade, wear to grip and light rusting on the scabbard. Only six known to exist and one of the rarest Confederate Cavalry officers' sabres.

Rare Confederate Artillery Saber. Styled after the Federal Model 1840 light artillery saber, this unmarked weapon is 37.25" long overall with a 31.5" blade. Cast brass D-guard with artillery-style pommel, leather cover on wooden grip secured by twisted brass wire. The saber comes with an unusual copper scabbard having a brass drag and ring mounts. Slight wear to grip, excellent surfaces on all metallic elements. There are a few substantial dents to the lower half of the scabbard. Fine condition.

Massive Confederate D-Guard Bowie Knife, 20.25" overall length with 15.25" blade. Wide clipped point blade outfitted with walnut grip, copper ring and curved iron guard. Light to moderate pitting on iron elements, else very good condition. This is the classic Southern side knife that figures so prominently in many photographs of rebel enlisted men. A truly formidable weapon.

Confederate Naval Cutlass Marked "WMF", possibly "Wilmington Marine Force" at the Wilmington, North Carolina Naval Yard. An unmarked weapon similar to Leech & Rigdon products and likely manufactured by that firm. 26" overall length with a 21" blade. Constructed of a cast brass scaled grip with integral pommel affixed to the blade. Remnants of a guard extend from the pommel. Whether this element was intentionally removed or not is questionable. Leech & Rigdon did, in fact, produce cutlasses without a guard. The pommel is neatly incised with the initials, WMF. Numerous file marks on blade. Good metal with excellent old toning throughout. Very good condition.

Confederate D-Guard Knife. Relatively small for a Southern fighting knife, this weapon is 17" long overall. It sports a wicked 12" triple fuller blade that appears to have been cut down from a sword, possibly Revolutionary. Polished dark walnut grip. All metallic elements are lightly pitted, however they are free from rust. A rebel "classic" if there ever was one!

Confederate D Guard Bowie Knife. A magnificent Confederate 17.5" inch blade D-Guard Bowie knife complete with leather scabbard. From the William Turner Collection #131, the handle of this knife is incised with repetitive circular designs throughout. The massive steel blade is made by a southern blacksmith with the distinctive "D" guard. It is in excellent condition and is almost two feet long from the tip of the blade to the end of the handle. The leather scabbard is complete with the leather belt loop which is also in good condition with the stitching intact. Truly one of the finest Confederate D-Guards Bowies in existence.

Provenance: William Turner Collection

Unmarked Boyle & Gamble Confederate Bowie Knife. This classic Southern clip point side knife is 14" long overall and boasts a 9" blade. It surfaced in the Shenandoah Valley and is likely the product of Boyle & Gamble, Confederate Virginia's foremost manufacturer of edged weapons. The bowie's beveled brass crossguard, its two-piece wooden grip secured by three brass rivets and its ridgeless blade all suggest a Boyle & Gamble origin. The crossguard displays some wonderful file marks as typically found on rebel brass. The knife comes with its original leather scabbard. The central stich along the length is somewhat loose and there is crazing per usual. Overall this item is in very good condition and is quite presentable.

An Officer's Presentation Sword with etched blade, presented to Lieutenant Alexander C. Layne of the Virginia State Guards, the "Stonewall Brigade" - Gettysburg to Lee's Surrender at Appomattox Court House. This is a beautifully etched presentation blade by Ames Manufacturing Company, the most famous of American cutlers during the 19th century. It is silver-hilted with an eagle pommel and cross guard and a beautifully etched presentation blade inscribed as follows, "Presented to Lieut. A.C. Layne as a token of esteem by the members of the Virginia State Guards, Richmond, October 19, 1862." It is an extremely rare Ames etched presentation sword given to a Virginia officer who most certainly carried it throughout the Civil War when he served in the Virginia Confederate Light Artillery, Captain Montgomery's company.

Layne surrendered and was on the list of paroled prisoners of Cutshaw's Battalion when Lee surrendered the Confederate Army at Appomattox Court House. An absolutely superb sword with its original gilt scabbard, 31" straight double-edged etched blade, it is one of the finest Virginia presentation swords in existence. Layne was wounded during the Battle of Sharpsburg on September 17, 1862. In November of that year, he was in the line of battle near Ashby's Gap under the command of Lieutenant Sandy Pendelton. He marched with Stonewall Jackson's corps to join General Longstreet at Fredricksburg where his artillery, once again under the command of Sandy Pendelton, was engaged in battle. Several of the Virginia Light Artillery were wounded or killed in action. During the battle of Chancellorsville, they fired 750 rounds of ammunition under the command of General John Pegram.

On the morning of July 1, 1863, the Virginia Light Artillery marched for Gettysburg with Rhodes' division and joined the battle at one o'clock in the afternoon. The battery sustained heavy losses with thirty men killed or wounded that day. During the battle of Spotsylvania most of the battery was lost or captured, resulting in their reassignment to Fry's Battery under Major Cutshaw. The unit surrendered with Lee at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. This is a remarkable and historically important sword carried by one of Virginia's finest. Complete with a research archive, the sword comes from the noted William Turner collection.

Authentication: Steve Hess.

An Ames Presentation Sword Dedicated to Captain Samuel S. Weisiger, Company G, J.E.B. Stuart's 1st Virginia Cavalry. Captain Weisiger was an important historical figure in that he commanded the execution of John Brown and his abolitionists at Harper's Ferry in 1859, an event that helped spark the Civil War. This gilt foot officer's presentation sword with etched blade was presented to Captain Weisiger on the occasion of commanding the execution of John Brown and his followers after guarding them at Harper's Ferry.

The sword is inscribed as follows: "Presented to Capt. S. S. Weisiger by Amelia Troop November 28, 1859." Inscribed on the verso "From the Faithful to the Brave", the sword consists of original brass mounted scabbard with beautifully etched patriotic 31" blade. Captain Weisiger commanded General JEB Stuart's famous 1st Regiment of Virginia Cavalry, which was designated as Company G during the Civil War. He was wounded on July 21, 1861 at Bull Run, during the first major battle of the conflict.

Named "The Amelia Troop" for Amelia County, Virginia, the unit was organized before the war and Weisiger was well known for commanding the execution of Brown and his abolitionist followers by the time of the war. Weisiger supervised their execution just a few days prior to receiving this sword as a token of his faithful service to the state of Virginia. Hanged on December 2, 1859, Brown was led to the gallows with Edwin Coppoc, John Copeland, Shields Green and John Cook. The Amelia Troop along with the VMI Cadets had been ordered to Charlestown to guard John Brown and oversee his execution. Robert E. Lee and JEB Stuart took an active part in the capture of Brown as well.

This is an absolutely unique sword and is a superb and historical showpiece. Accompanied by a lengthy research archive and provenance material, this sword comes from the noted William Turner collection.

Authentication: Steve Hess.

Engraved M1850 Pennsylvania Civil War Officer's Presentation Sword. A beautiful customized weapon with gilt brass furniture on both sword and scabbard. Overall length is 40.5" with a 34" blade. The ricasso is fittingly marked "Horstmann & Sons", Philadelphia's most famous military supplier of the mid-19th century. The metal scabbard's throat panel is engraved, "Capt. J.J. Cooper Co. B, 199th Reg. P.V.". James J. Cooper enlisted on September 10, 1864 only to be discharged some two months later. His regiment went on to become heavily engaged in the fighting around Petersburg and was present at Appomattox Court House. The blade of Cooper's sword is etched on both sides with conventional patriotic motifs amid floral designs. The grip is bound in shark skin accented with gold wire. Light wear as to be expected, yet overall in lovely condition.

Union Officer's Presentation Civil War Sword to Colonel John H. Jackson, 3rd New Hampshire Volunteers - Fort Wagner Charge Leader.

A beautiful presentation sword presented to Colonel John H. Jackson of the 3rd Regiment of New Hampshire volunteers by the drafted men under his command. The ornate gilt scabbard is engraved with the inscription "Presented to Col. John H. Jackson, 3rd Regt N.H. Col's, by the 3rd Detachment of N.H. Men Under His Command at Long Island, Boston Harbor, as a token of their esteem, Oct. 20th, 1863."

This Collins and Company blade is finely etched and is marked "Hartford, Connecticut, 1862." The grip is gold braided and the guard has a gilt "US" in a foliate pattern. The hand-engraved scabbard is stunningly gilded and is made by the Ames Manufacturing Company of Chicopee, Massachusetts. Ames made scabbards for many such presentations swords, particularly for Collins and Company. The sword is in overall very good condition with about 60% of its original, uncleaned gilt. There are several dents in the forward end of the scabbard and some pitting wear on the blade.

John H. Jackson of Portsmouth, New Hampshire rose to the rank of Colonel of the 3rd New Hampshire Volunteers. During the Civil War, his unit fought at the Battles of Bluffton, Pocotaligo, James Island, and Morris Island. On July 18, 1863, at the assault on Fort Wagner made famous in the movie Glory, Colonel Jackson was wounded in the chest. Almost every Union officer was killed as they led repeated yet fruitless charges. Although seriously wounded, he was not out of the war yet. On the way back to New York, the hospital ship carrying Colonel Jackson, the Arago, encountered a rebel blockade-runner. The captain of the Arago gave chase and rammed the rebel ship. Colonel Jackson rose from his sick bed and led a boarding party to help capture the adversarial blockade-runners.

This presentation sword is equally beautiful and historic, having seen action at one of the most storied battles of the war. The sword comes with a volume of published material concerning the sword as well as information on provenance.

Published: Gun Report Magazine.

Provenance: Jackson Family, prominent collector

Palmetto Armory .54 Caliber Pistol Carried By CSA General William Henry Wallace At the Battle of Antietam and the Great Mine Explosion at Petersburg. General Wallace, 18th South Carolina Infantry, was a South Carolinian by birth and came from a long line of warriors from that state, including his grandfather who was a Revolutionary War hero. General Wallace was a planter, a newspaper publisher, a lawyer, and a member of the legislature of 1860, where he voted for the secession convention, which would start the South towards Civil War. After the fall of Fort Sumter, he enlisted as a private in Company A, 18th South Carolina Regiment. Later he was elected to its Colonelcy and led it to Virginia where he took part in the Second Manassas campaign and fought in many major battles in the Eastern Theater. At the Battle of Antietam, General Wallace's 18th South Carolina fought in "Shanks" Evans' brigade where they were engaged severely on the bloody field. His troops then returned to Charleston to defend it against Union onslaught. In the spring of 1864, the 18th South Carolina, under General Wallace, was ordered to the defenses of Petersburg. It was there on July 30,1864 that four companies under General Wallace's command were blown up in the Great Mine Explosion. The Battle of the Crater, as it was known, cost the 18th South Carolina dearly and the valiant survivors of the blast fought decisively to push back the Union advance. General Wallace led his men all the way to Appomattox Court House where he finally surrendered with General Lee on April 9,1865. After the war, he held various judicial offices in South Carolina. This Palmetto Armory pistol was carried by General Wallace during all of the engagements of the 18th South Carolina during the Civil War. On the left stock he has notched it five times, and one can only imagine what that may denote. All the parts are in working order, and it is appropriately stamped, "Palmetto Armory SC", circling a palmetto tree. The lock plate reads, "Columbia, SC 1852". The barrel just below the trigger reads, "1853".

This .54 caliber pistol was made by the famous Palmetto Armory and is marked William Glaze on the side of the barrel. Glaze was commissioned to produce weapons for the State of South Carolina in the 1850s in anticipation of secession. A rare Confederate Palmetto Armory pistol used by one of South Carolina's greatest leaders throughout the Civil War, including the Battle of Second Manassas, Antietam, the Defenses of Charleston, the Battle of the Crater, as well as Appomattox Court House. Superb. Accompanied by his framed charcoal portrait and lengthy family provenance.

Cased Adams Revolver "Virginia" .44 caliber, five shot cylinder, serial number 13332 R. Robert Adams, partner in the firm of Deane, Adams and Deane was issued a British patent for a self-cocking revolver in 1851. While Confederate purchases of this revolver type are unknown, there is a passage in Firearms of the Confederacy by Claud Fuller and Richard Steuart stating that some 999 were delivered to the Virginia State Ordinance Department on January 21, 1861. If so, this revolver is certainly part of that pre-secession shipment. This pistol bears a 6 inch barrel with a moderate amount of scrollwork on the frame and trigger guard. Outline engraving is evident over the barrel and cylinder. The right side of the frame is marked, "ADAMS' PATENT" with the serial number, and the front of the frame is stamped "DA&D / 54". The cylinder is also marked with the serial number. Proofmarks appear on the cylinder between the nipples and on the upper left barrel flat. The top of the barrel is marked, "DEANE ADAMS AND DEANE, 30 KING WILLIAM ST. LONDON BRIDGE" and the bottom is marked, "VIRGINIA STATE ORDINANCE DEPT" with the buttcap marked "C.S.A". The pistol is pictured on page 70 of Firearms from Europe by David Noe, Larry W. Yantz and James B. Whisker. Mechanically excellent, it retains some 80% of the original bluing with excellent grips. Housed in a Deane and Son velvet lined oak case, a nipple driver, combination tool, ramrod, bullet mold, balls and (empty) cap pouch are included. The case itself, in very good condition indicative of expected usage, is of standard British construction with lock and key.

Lt. Thomas H. Kirkpatrick Co. E 26th Virginia Battalion (George S. Patton's Brigade) Inscribed Colt Army Revolver, serial #60281, with its original holster and his Confederate Bible presented to him by the 26th Battalion Chaplain - Parson Blanton as follows "Gospel of St. John - Thomas Kirkpatrick's book Lt. Co. E. 26th Batt - - Presented by our Chaplain Parson Blanton". This was a historical group carried by Lt. Kirkpatrick throughout the war when he served under Col. George S. Patton, the grandfather of the famous WWII General Patton.

Lt. Kirkpatrick was wounded during the Battle of Kearnstown in 1864 and was in the hospital at Winchester. He later fought side by side with the VMI Cadets during the Battle of New Market. A completely unique grouping, purchased directly from the family in Virginia.

Provenance: William Turner Collection.

Colt Navy Revolver and Holster Belonging to Capt. Charles Wood, Adjutant General to General Samuel Garland, and tintype, accompanied by lengthy research and provenance. Captain Charles Wood served as the adjutant to several great Confederate Generals, including Samuel Garland, General Armistead, and General Beauregard. Captain Wood was a student at the University of Virginia when the war broke out and because of his courage and intelligence, he was sent quickly to VMI for a two-month course on military strategy and tactics. After this course, he was assigned to be the adjutant of several well known Confederate Generals. One of them was Brigadier General Samuel Garland, who commented in his official report on the Battles of Oak Grove, Mechanicsville, Game's Mill, and Malvern Hill that "My personal staff during these engagements consisted of Captain Charles Wood ... I can most sincerely testify to their gallantry and intelligence. Captain Wood had his horse instantly killed under him by a solid shot." Captain Wood was not just an ordinary staff officer but often placed himself in harm's way for the cause of the South. His Colt revolver remains a testimony to that courage and is serial #96004, which is stamped appropriately including wedge. The back-strap and trigger guard retain 95% silver and the cylinder is engraved with a Naval engagement. The barrel is stamped "Address Samuel Colt Hartford Connecticut" and has a dark patina. All parts are in working condition. The original Civil War holster in which he carried it during the many battles that he took part in is worn, but fine condition. Captain Wood also left (for posterity) a tintype taken of him in his uniform in New Orleans, just as the war had broken out and New Orleans had not yet fallen to Farragut. A superb grouping being a Colt revolver and war date tintype, both are identified as belonging to Captain Charles Wood. He served on the staff of several great Generals, including General Garland and General Armistead, who lost his life on the battlefield of Gettysburg.

Augusta Machine Works Revolver with Six Stop Cylinder .36 caliber, six shot, six stop, assembly letter U. Revolvers attributed to the Augusta Machine Works have long been a source of discussion among collectors. A letter written in 1918 by Samuel C. Wilson, secretary, Department of Public Health, Augusta does indeed state a Confederate Government factory producing pistols existed late in the war; however, no pistols marked as being produced in Augusta have been found. As CSA pistols were made mostly in Georgia and Texas, with the Texans preferring the larger .44 caliber, it is probable these unmarked pistols were made in Georgia. Without concrete evidence to the contrary, these pistols are attributed to Augusta by process of elimination. This pistol is a close copy of the Colt Model 1851 Navy bearing a 7.75" barrel and brass frame. The only marks on the revolver are the letter "U" stamped in many inconspicuous places. This is presumed to be an assembly number, and all the pistols attributed to Augusta bear either a single number or letter code. The metal retains over 60% of the original finish with the balance turning brown. The brass frame has a decidedly pink hue, indicating a high copper content, typical in Confederate brass. The grips show some dents and dings with some original varnish.

Kent Wall's Report:
Collectors of Confederate revolvers have long admired the workmanship of these .36 caliber, iron frame, octagon barrel revolvers, manufactured with both six and twelve stop cylinder, and share the collective frustration of not knowing the true origin. Albaugh/Benet/Simmons arrived at the 'Augusta' origin in 1963, based on a number of points yet, as of today, there is still no definitive proof of the origin other than it is probably American. However, the hypothesis established by these authors has prevailed, and hence the "August Machine Works" designation.
Surviving specimens, of which there are few, indicate that there were more twelve stop cylinder revolvers produced than those with six stop cylinders.
All numbers and letters found on both types are not visible until the revolver is disassembled and are usually of a single character. It seems these letters/numbers were intended to be used during the assembly process rather than for serial purposes.
This revolver, assembly letter "U", is of .36 caliber and features a fully octagon, iron barrel, 7 5/8" in length, iron frame and iron cylinder. The trigger guard, back strap and front strap are brass. The front sight is a brass post.
Assembly letter "U" is found on inside of barrel assembly, left side, the loading lever flat, top of plunger, inside frame to left of hammer, underside of back strap, underside of front strap, and in grip channel in two places. Grip is original and is one piece walnut with dings throughout.
Condition: Very Good. Iron parts have an even dark patina with good edges. Loading lever plunger appears original and with a grayish patina. Brass parts have a dark, rosy, even patina. Casting flaw in trigger guard near front screw.
Provenance: Albaugh/Benet/Simmons Confederate Handguns mentions a revolver with assembly "U".

Augusta Machine Works Revolver with Twelve Stop Cylinder .36 caliber, six shot, 12 stop, assembly letter L. More discussion about the Augusta Machine Works attributed revolvers centers on the mixture of six and 12 stop pistols and the mixture of assembly letters and numbers. About half the pistols appear to have been made with six stops and about half appear to have 12 stops. To complicate matters further about half have letter assembly codes and about half have number assembly codes including multiple examples with the same assembly number. This particular pistol is made with 12 stops and has the assembly letter L; one with the same characteristics is mentioned on page 45 in Confederate Revolvers by William A. Gary. An apparent copy of the Colt Model 1851 Navy, this pistol has an octagonal 7.75 inch barrel with no visible markings. The only markings on the entire pistol are the assembly letter, L, which is hidden throughout the various parts of the mechanism. Mechanically fine, the steel finish is a mixed gray and brown possibly as a result of an old cleaning with steel wool. The brass frame exhibits a fine yellow brownish patina, and the grips retain about 60% varnish.

Kent Wall's Report:
This revolver, assembly letter "L", is of .36 caliber and features a fully octagon, iron barrel, 7 5/8" in length, iron frame and iron cylinder. The trigger guard, back strap, and front strap are brass. The front sight is a brass post.
Assembly letter "L" is found on loading lever flat, top of plunger, bottom of wedge, on frame near the hammer, underside of back strap and in the grip channel.
Grip is original and is one piece walnut with minor dings and scratches.
Condition: Very Good. Iron parts have a mottled patina with areas of light and dark. Edges are good with only minor dings and scratches. Brass parts have a mellow, even patina.
Provenance: Bill Gary, Confederate Revolvers mentions assembly letter "L" on a known revolver.

Dance Revolver with Very Rare Original Holster .44 caliber, six shot, serial number 222. The Dance brothers operated two factories during the Civil War, one in Columbia and the last in Anderson, Texas. The first location was a private enterprise and the second a move after the Confederate Government purchased the works. In these factories, approximately 135 .36 caliber and 350 .44 caliber revolvers were manufactured. Most of the pistols lack recoil shields, a notable feature of the Dance. This pistol bears a 7.875 inch barrel with brass trigger guard and iron backstrap. The serial number is marked on the backstrap by the toe, on the trigger guard, on the frame bottom, on the barrel lug, on the cylinder and on the right side of the loading lever. This pistol is pictured on page 87 of Dance and Brothers: Texas Gunmakers of the Confederacy by Gary Wiggins. The metal is brown and gray with brass exhibiting a brown gold patina. The grips retain about 40% varnish with the expected dings and dents. The holster is original, probably unique, consisting of standard cavalry flap construction and also comes with a "shoe buckle belt rig." The leather is black with some flaking from age.

Kent Wall's Report:
During the Civil War, J. H. Dance and Brothers manufactured revolvers in Columbia, Texas and later in Anderson, Texas.
Bill Gary in his classic book Confederate Revolvers (1987) estimates that Dance Bros. produced as many as 350 revolvers in .44 caliber and perhaps as many as 135 in .36 caliber, making this Texas enterprise the fourth largest producer of revolvers for the Confederacy.
This revolver, serial number 222, is of .44 caliber with a 7 7/8" part octagonal and part round iron barrel, and with the to be expected flat recoil shield. The trigger guard is brass and has the quite rare iron back strap. Serial Number "222" appears on bottom of wedge, circumference of cylinder, bottom of barrel lug (lightly), bottom of frame, and also on the front of the trigger guard. Number "22" appears on right side of loading lever lug, bottom of cylinder pin, left side of hammer, and on butt strap, near the butt screw.
The grips are one piece walnut with some original varnish remaining, but displaying evidence of expected period use and wear.
The front sight is a brass blade type.
Surviving Confederate revolvers are infrequently encountered with their original wartime used holsters. Very rarely do both the original holster and waist belt survive with a Confederate made revolver. The belt is not completely unique, but is of a style that is occasionally seen in period images of soldiers associated with the deep Southern states, as well as the western portion of the Confederacy.
The belt is dark brown leather, 2" wide with an embossed edge accent line and two small iron, black japanned buckles. The holster, of a similar grade of leather as the belt, has the same accent line on flap as that found on the holster.
Condition of Revolver: Very Good. Iron surfaces have a dark patina and exhibit only minor pitting. Trigger guard has a pleasing, dark, mottled patina.
Condition of Belt & Holster: Good. All leather exhibits cracking with some flaking. Belt loop on back of holster is missing and the holster has been cut to accept a belt. Holster end is ragged and shows evidence of some minor loss.
Provenance: Discovered in Socarro, New Mexico in late 1960s and acquired by William Hozie. Ted Meredith collection, 1977. Pictured in Dance Brothers - Texas Gunmakers of the Confederacy (1986), p. 87. American Society of Arm's Collector's Bulletin #60, 1989, p. 55.

Garrett Single Shot Pistol about .58 caliber, serial number 25. These brass framed pistols have long been attributed to J&F Garrett of Greensboro, NC where approximately 500 were made before the Civil War. Typically unmarked, this pistol bears stampings on the 8.5 inch barrel of "US / S.K / P" from the U.S. Model 1842 pistol barrels used by the Garretts. The serial number is evident on the backstrap under the left grip panel. The steel barrel exhibits a speckled brown patina with some minor scrapes on the top. The brass is slightly pitted in some spots, especially the backstrap, but shows an overall even golden tone. The grips appear original with expected dings and dents. The pistol is in overall mechanically fine condition.

Kent Wall's Report:
Speculation as to the origin of the brass frame, single shot, percussion pistol continues to this day. Many collectors and authors attribute this to the firm of J. and F. Garrett and Company, Greensboro, North Carolina, therefore the designation.
The surviving specimens are similar in many respects, including the swivel ramrod, typically found on the Model 1842 U. S. pistol, grips of wood, brass, one piece grip strap and the serial number stamped on the left side of the upper part of the strap.
The highest known serial number is 505.
Since the barrels are all from the Model 1842 pistol, Albaugh/Benet/Simmons believed these barrels were likely on hand at the Fayetteville Armory and were shipped out in 1861 to make room for the rifle machinery from Harpers Ferry.
This .54 caliber pistol has a round, iron barrel, 8 ½" in length. The barrel markings are "U.S." over "S. R." over "P". The swivel ramrod is mechanically sound and is 8 ¾" long. Frame and one piece strap are brass as is the blade front sight. SN "25" is stamped on the left side of the upper strap under grip.
Grips are 2 piece walnut and appear to be original. Written in pencil on the back of the left grip is "D. Hastings", over "Natick Mass" over "1929".
Condition: Good. Iron parts exhibit a mottled gray appearance with light and dark patches. Hammer will not lock at full cock. Brass parts have been cleaned and exhibit minor dings, scratches and discoloration.

Griswold and Gunnison Revolver .36 caliber, six shot cylinder, serial number 2347. Some 3,600 to 3,700 revolvers were produced by Griswold and Gunnison from about July 1862 until the destruction of the factory in the November 22, 1864 battle of Griswold Station. There is speculation either production continued elsewhere or parts were hidden prior to the battle as deliveries continued until April 1865. Copies of the Colt Model 1851 Navy were made in two patterns: the first with a round top barrel housing and the second with an octagonal top barrel housing. This pistol is a second model with a 7.5 inch barrel and brass frame. The serial number appears on the right side of the frame, on the cylinder and on the right side of the barrel lug. A secondary "7" appears on the bottom of the trigger guard and on the top of the loading lever flat. The letter "C" is stamped on the barrel bottom just below the loading lever catch. The pistol is mechanically good to very good with iron and steel parts exhibiting either dark gray or silver finish and some pitting mostly on the cylinder and barrel housing. The barrel has a rainbow colored ring about midway, possibly from melting a jammed bullet. The brass has a green yellow patina, and the grips retaining some varnish with a thumb rest cut into the left panel, possibly post factory.

Kent Wall's Report:
Samuel Griswold established a number of manufacturing enterprises in an area nine miles south of Macon, GA on the Georgia Central Railroad. This site became known as Griswoldville. In 1861, he shifted the cotton gin factory to the production of pikes for the Confederate Government. In mid 1862, he was joined by Arvin Gunnison, who had begun revolver production in New Orleans but had escaped just before its capture. Soon revolver manufacturing was underway and quickly achieved a rate of 100 finished revolvers per month.
These revolvers were modeled after the Colt Navy, were of .36 caliber and featured a brass frame. During the course of production, the firm manufactured two models. The First Model featured a round barrel housing and the second model, an octagon barrel housing. This change occurred around serial number 1500. Production ceased in late 1864 or early 1865. Total production was around 3700 revolvers making this firm the largest manufacturer of revolvers for the Confederacy.
This Second Model revolver, serial number 2347, is .36 caliber and features a part round, part octagon, iron barrel and iron cylinder. The trigger guard, frame, back strap and front strap are brass as is the post front sight.
SN "2347" is stamped on right side of the barrel near the wedge channel, the circumference of the cylinder, and on the right side of the frame above the trigger guard. A secondary number "7" is found on the loading lever flat, the top of the plunger, and on the trigger guard. A cryptic mark "C" is found on the bottom of the barrel near the loading lever catch, and on the right side of the butt strap under the grip.
Further markings include four straight line chisel marks on the left of the front strap and again on the right side of the back strap, all under the grip.
The wedge is stamped on the bottom "08074" and is of unknown origin.
The grip is one piece walnut and is unmarked. There is a "thumb rest" alteration on the top of the left side of the grip.
Condition: Fair. The iron barrel has pitting and an uneven patina. There is a discoloration on the top approximately 3" from the muzzle end. There is rust in the plunger channel and around the nipples on the cylinder. All nipples are broken. The cylinder pin has some pitting and minor damage to the threads. There is some damage on the inside of the grip and evidence of attempted restoration.
Other: Based on production records assembled by Albaugh/Benet/Simmons, this revolver was probably produced in January/February, 1864.
Provenance: This serial number is not listed in either Albaugh/Benet/Simmons Confederate Hanguns or Brass Frame Colt & Whitney by Albaugh/Simmons.

Confederate Right Hip Holster. Sharply tapered brown leather holster 13.5" long with open end. Intact with tight stitching on all seams. The leather shows light crazing throughout and has areas of wear from normal use. Overall good condition.

Leech & Rigdon Revolver .36 caliber, six shot cylinder, serial number 1416. Thomas Leech had a cotton brokerage, a Derringer style pistol works and a military cutlery company in Memphis, Tennessee. By May 1862, he had partnered with Charles H. Rigdon, a scale maker, to produce revolvers for the Confederate Government in Columbus, Mississippi. Close proximity of Federal troops and the threat thereof forced a move to Greensboro, Georgia where about 1,000 revolvers were produced before the partnership dissolved around December 1863. This pistol, with a 7.375 inch barrel, is a copy of the Colt Model 1851 Navy except the barrel is round and the barrel housing top is octagonal. Serial numbers are stamped on the bottom of the buttstrap by the grip screw, on the trigger guard in front of the trigger, on the bottom of the frame, on the bottom of the barrel housing, on the top of the loading lever and on the cylinder. The number "1" in the serial number is, due to a broken die, more of a vertical line as would be expected on a pistol of this serial number. Other marks include "LEECH & RIGDON CSA" on the top of the barrel housing, a quatrefoil on the right side of the front of the trigger bow and a "WH" inside a diamond on the bottom of the right grip. Mechanically fine, original finish is visible on the hammer and trigger with the balance of iron and steel turning a mottled brown and silver gray. The brass frame and trigger guard are golden yellow, possibly from an old cleaning while the grips exhibit about 30% varnish with a couple of deep dings that do not affect serviceability.

Kent Wall's Report:
Prior to the Civil War, Thomas Leech operated a cotton brokerage in Memphis, Tennessee. Sometime just before the war, Charles H. Rigdon, a scale maker, moved to Memphis from St. Louis, Missouri, bringing with him some of his machinery. A partnership was soon established and was known as the "Memphis Novelty Works".
In May 1862, the partnership moved its enterprise to Columbus, Mississippi, where the Confederate Government had established the Briarfield Arsenal. It is here that revolver production began in earnest in order to fulfill a recently received contract for 1,500 revolvers.
The partnership likely produced several hundred revolvers in Columbus before being forced to leave in December, 1862, due to a threat by the Union Army.
Traveling by way of Selma, Alabama, Leech and Rigdon arrived in Greensboro, Georgia, in March, 1863, and once again began to manufacture revolvers. This continued until December 1863 when the partnership was dissolved. By this time, production totaled approximately 1,000 revolvers.
Charles Rigdon moved the machinery and workers to Augusta, Georgia and in that location formed a new company, Rigdon, Ansley & Co. Revolver production resumed and the balance of the contract, some 500 revolvers, was completed. Most of the revolvers produced under the original contract were marked "Leech & Rigdon CSA". The new partnership went on to produce another 900-1,000 revolvers before ceasing in January 1865. These revolvers are known to collectors today as "Rigdon & Ansley", the majority of which are marked "C.S.A." on the barrel flat.
All production was patterned after the Colt Navy Model in .36 caliber except that the iron barrel was part round and part octagon. The first 1,500 revolvers featured a six stop cylinder. The balance featured a twelve stop cylinder and a cap release groove.
This revolver, serial number 1416, is .36 caliber with an iron barrel of 7 ¼", iron cylinder and iron frame. The barrel is stamped on the flat "Leech & Rigdon CSA". The trigger guard, front strap and back strap are brass as is the post front sight. The SN "1416" is found on the barrel lug, loading lever flat, bottom of wedge, circumference of the cylinder, bottom of frame, top of cylinder pin, butt strap and the trigger guard. Four dots in the shape of a diamond or square are stamped on the left and right sides of the trigger guard. The grip is one piece walnut and with the inspector's cartouche clearly visible on the bottom - "WH" inside a diamond.
The back strap, front strap and inside grip markings were not accessable since the butt screw and one back strap screw could not be dislodged without the risk of damage.
Condition: Good. Iron parts have a dark mottled patina with some evidence of pitting. Brass parts are a golden hue evidencing old cleaning. Grip exhibits several deep dings. The "Leech & Rigdon CSA" stamping is present but not fully legible.
Other: By this time in production, the die for the number "1" was broken. The result is that the ones in this serial number appear more like dots.
Provenance: This serial number is not listed in Albaugh/Benet/Simmons Confederate Handguns.

Rigdon, Ansley & Co. Revolver .36 caliber, six shot, serial number 2221. Rigdon, Ansley & Co. was the successor to Leech & Rigdon who made revolvers under contract for the Confederate Government. Basically copies of the Colt Model 1851 Navy, the main difference between Rigdon, Ansley & Co. and the earlier Leech & Rigdon revolvers was the use of a 12 stop cylinder at the request for some sort of safety system by Confederate Ordinance. This pistol bears a 7.25 inch barrel with "C S A" stamped on the top. Other stampings including a "W" on the left side of the trigger bow and "259500" on the left grip. Serial numbers are stamped on the front of the loading lever catch, the top of the loading lever, bottom of the wedge, bottom of the barrel lug, bottom of the frame, the bow in front of the trigger guard and the bottom of the backstrap by the butt screw. Mechanically very good, some case hardening is evident on the frame. The balance of the iron based metal is mostly silver gray except for the loading lever which exhibits a brown patina. The brass is an aged yellow. There is a crack on the top of the backstrap behind the hammer, but it appears to possibly be as made. The grips have approximately 70% varnish with a crack on the right panel noted for accuracy.

Kent Wall's Report:
This revolver, serial number 2221, features an iron, part round, part octagon barrel of 7 ¼", iron cylinder with twelve stops, and iron frame. "C.S.A." is stamped on the barrel flat. The trigger guard, back strap and front strap are brass as is the post front sight. The SN, 2221, appears on the barrel lug, front of loading lever catch, flat of loading lever, bottom of wedge, circumference of cylinder, bottom of frame, butt strap, and on brass trigger guard. "W" is stamped on the left side of trigger guard.
A series of numbers "259500" is stamped on the left side of grip. The origin and purpose are unknown.
There is a crack in the grip on the right side near the top. Due to the possibility of further damage, the grip was not removed. Therefore, any markings on the inside of the grip and on the back strap and front strap were not available for inspection.
Condition: Very Good. Iron parts have an even gray patina except the loading lever which is darker. There are a number of dings and scratches on the cylinder. Brass parts have an even, mellow patina. The previously noted crack in the grip.
Provenance: Albaugh/Benet/Simmons Confederate Handguns lists this revolver as a known serial number.

Spiller & Burr Revolver .36 caliber, six shot cylinder, serial number 500 with holster. In the summer and fall of 1862, Edward N. Spiller and David J. Burr set up a factory near Atlanta to produce pistols for the Confederacy. Pistols were made as brass-framed copies of the Whitney Navy revolver with some 700 produced in Atlanta and another approximately 700 produced in Macon, Georgia. This Atlanta made example bears a 6 inch barrel and is marked "SPILLER & BURR" on the top with the serial number on the bottom by the loading lever pivot. Additionally, serial numbers are visible on the top of the loading lever, on the cylinder and on the bottom of the grip strap near the toe. "C.S." is stamped on the left side of the front end of the frame. The pistol is mechanically fine with most of the steel surfaces exhibiting a brown patina and the brass a fine aged golden yellow with a tinge of pink. The grips have shrunk slightly from age but are in very good condition. The accompanying holster is a standard button flap type showing very little cracking for the age.

Kent Wall's Report:
In 1861, Edmond Spiller, David Burr and James Burton formed a partnership and received a contract to produce 15,000 revolvers for the Confederate Government. Revolvers to be 6 shot, .36 caliber and to follow the Whitney revolver pattern. The partners, purchased the machinery and plans of the Robinson Revolver Factory in Richmond, Virginia, and began development.
In mid 1862, the partners relocated to Atlanta, Georgia and by December, had produced less than 20 revolvers. Due to repeated failures, the government made a number of suggestions to improve the basic design. It was not until spring, 1863, that another 40 revolvers were delivered for inspection, most of which were rejected. After this fiasco, the firm finally adopted some of the suggestions. Thus was born the Second Model. Sporadic production continued until the government took over the operation in January, 1864, and moved the equipment and machinery to Macon, Georgia.
Bill Gary, Confederate Revolvers, states that up until the government take-over, the partnership produced 840 revolvers. The Macon operation produced approximately 400 revolvers before closing in December, 1864, upon the approach of General Sherman's forces.
The Second Model revolver, serial number 500, has a 6" iron, octagon barrel, stamped on the top barrel flat "Spiller & Burr". The frame, trigger guard, and back strap are brass as is the pedestal front sight. SN "500" appears on bottom barrel flat, loading lever flat, circumference of cylinder and butt strap.
"C. S." is stamped on left side of frame. "E" appears on left side of back strap under the grip.
The 2-piece grips are walnut and retain the brass washers. There is only minor shrinkage and some few dings and scratches. On the outside of the left grip, near the top, there is a "T" lightly scratched.
Holster has a flap and is brown leather, probably pigskin. The flap is secured with a brass button/finial.
Condition Overall: Very Good. Iron parts have an even patina with good sharp edges, and few dings and scratches. Brass parts have an even, mellow patina with a hint of a rosy tint indicating a high copper content.
Holster Overall: Good. Minor cracking
Provenance: This serial number is not listed in either Albaugh/Benet/Simmons, Confederate Handguns (1963) or in Albaugh/Simmon's Brass Framed Colt and Whitney, (1955).

Kerr London Revolver .44 caliber, five shot cylinder, serial number 4187. A curious feature of many Kerr Revolvers (and some Enfield rifles) is the "JS / Anchor" marking on the grips just below the frame tang. Much speculation has been made over the reason for this mark, but debate still continues. This revolver does indeed bear the "JS / Anchor" mark as well as "KERR'S PATENT" with the serial number on the right side of the frame, "LONDON / ARMOURY" stamped in a small oval on the left side of the frame, "LONDON ARMOURY CO." on the rear sidelock, the serial number on the cylinder and "L.A.C" on the barrel. Other markings including proofmarkings on the barrel, proofmarkings on the cylinder between the nipples and the assembly number 28(4?) on the front of the cylinder. Mechanically fine this pistol retains approximately 80% of the original blue with the balance turning plum. The walnut grips are in very good condition with some wear and dents.

Kerr London Revolver Marked "JS" over Anchor, .44 caliber, five shot cylinder, serial number 2439. The London Armoury Company, manufacturer of the Kerr Revolver, produced at least 7,000 revolvers for the Confederacy, making it the most prolific revolver supplier to the Southern Cause. This particular piece exhibits some early production features such as a pinned loading lever lock and the single pin behind the hammer on the back-action sidelock. The frame is engraved, "KERR'S PATENT" with the serial number on the right side above the trigger guard and is also stamped "LONDON / ARMOURY" on the left side. The serial number is also engraved on the cylinder side and front. The words, "LONDON ARMOURY" are engraved on the sidelock. British proofmarks are located on the barrel and on the cylinder, between each nipple. The barrel is also marked "LAC" in front of the proofmarks. The revolver is mechanically very good exhibiting about 60% blue over most parts with some light pitting. The grips are well worn walnut with traces of varnish on the left panel flat.

Kent Wall's Report:
The London Armory Company was founded in February, 1856, and among the stockholders were Robert Adams (Adams Revolver) and James Kerr. The factory was located in London.
In 1859, Adams disassociated himself and James Kerr became the leading figure in the operation. Kerr obtained several patents and began manufacturing revolvers in 1859. In late 1861, the U.S. Government purchased 16 revolvers, the only recorded sale to the U.S.
The Confederate Government sent Caleb Huse to Europe to purchase arms of all types. He quickly succeeded in placing contracts with the London Armory Company and the first delivery occurred in September 1861, when the steamer Bermuda docked in Savannah, Georgia.
Bill Gary in Confederate Revolvers states that some 7,000 revolvers were delivered to the Confederacy and the serial number range was more or less between 3,000 and 10,000. Further, Mr. Gary states that although the Kerr revolver was made in both .44 caliber and .36 caliber, only the .44 caliber was shipped to the Confederacy.
Many of the external markings were engraved with only the "London Armoury" in small letters stamped on the left side of the frame. There is much speculation as to the significance of the "JS" over anchor found on many Kerr revolvers just below the trigger guard groove. Some collectors feel this is a hallmark of arms shipped to the Confederacy while others feel it may be the mark of "J. Smiles", a stock maker in London.
One point to note when examinining Kerr revolvers- the right side of the frame is engraved "Kerr's Patent" followed by a serial number. This number is not the patent number.
This .44 caliber revolver follows the standard pattern and has "Kerr's Patent" and SN "2439" engraved on the right side of the frame. The SN is also engraved on the cylinder. "___ A. C." is stamped on the left barrel flat in front of the proofmarks. "London Armoury Co." is engraved on the sidelock. "London Armoury" is stamped on the left side. Proofmarks are on the cylinder between each nipple.
Condition: Good. Some light pitting. Grips exhibit wear.

Tranter English Revolver Carried by a Confederate Officer in the 45th Alabama, .44 caliber, five shot cylinder, serial number 4987. William Tranter produced revolvers under license from Deane, Adams and Deane after producing frames for the firm. He improved on the Adams self-cocking trigger by incorporating a double-action trigger mechanism allowing for more accurate fire. This pistol bears a 6.25 inch barrel with mostly illegible engraving on the top, most likely retailer information. The serial number is stamped on the cylinder and proofmarks are between each nipple. The left side of the frame is stamped "ADAMS PATENT" in an oval. The left side of the barrel under the loading lever is stamped, "CO. E. 45 ALA. INF." and the right side of the grips is marked, "A.J. BETHUNE." The muster roll of Company E of the 45th Alabama Infantry Regiment as listed by Robert Horn in Men of the 45th Alabama Infantry Regiment lists one Bethune, A. J. with the following notation, "Muster Roll, March, 20, 1862: Enlisted same date in Macon County by W.J. Lee. POW - Captured near Ackworth, Georgia, June 11, 1864, Sent to Louisville, to Camp Morton, arriving Camp Morton, July 1, 1864; transferred for exchange February 26, 1865." Photographs of this pistol appear on page 71 of Firearms from Europe by David Noe, Larry W. Yantz and James B. Whisker. This pistol, mechanically very good, retains some blue on the trigger and hammer with the balance turning a plum brown. The grips are worn with expected dings and dents.

Kerr London Revolver .44 caliber, five shot cylinder, serial number 4565. The Confederate States were known to have purchased many "off the shelf" firearms, including Kerr Revolvers, but it is believed those serial numbered between 3,000 and 10,000 were specifically produced for the CSA. Many of these arms can be found with a "JS/Anchor" mark on the grips just below the trigger guard groove, and this pistol is no exception. Other markings include, "KERR'S PATENT" and the serial number on the right frame above the trigger guard, "LONDON / ARMOURY" on the left frame, "LONDON ARMOURY CO." on the grip mounted sidelock plate, "L.A.C." on the barrel followed by British proofmarks, proofmarks on the cylinder between the nipples and the serial number on the cylinder. The number "590" is also found stamped on the inside of the trigger guard and apparently on the front of the cylinder, although that mark is somewhat indistinct. This stamping is believed to be an assembly marking for finishing as complete pistols were disassembled, polished, blued and reassembled. Finish on this mechanically very good pistol is mostly brown, with some original blue evident on the loading lever, trigger, hammer and sidelock plate. The grips are worn but unblemished.

Webley Wedge Frame Revolver .44 caliber, five shot cylinder, serial number 3366 with flap holster. Webley revolvers were well made "self-cocking" pistols not often encountered during the Civil War. Any such pieces are thought to be personally purchased sidearms brought into the Confederacy privately by blockade runners as no official CSA contracts have surfaced. The only markings on this 6.25 inch octagonal barreled pistol are "PATENT NO." and the serial number on the left side of the frame, proofmarkings on the barrel and proofmarkings on the cylinder between the nipples with chambers numbered one through five, inclusive. The pistol bears a fairly uniform brown patina with some pitting evident on the top strap and in front of the cylinder, evidently from use. The included leather holster is of a standard cavalry flap type retaining excellent softness with minimal cracking. Alas, the holster is unmarked. It should be noted that sometimes historical objects propose more riddles than answers, and this revolver is no exception. An aged tag hanging from the trigger guard states, "Webley revolver carried in the Civil War by Confederate Col. John Spring Smith of Mision (?), Alabama #3366." While we can't confirm any connection with Colonel Smith, we can point out both pistol and holster appear on page 69 of Firearms from Europe by David Noe, Larry W. Yantz and James B. Whisker.

1st Model LeMat Revolver .42 caliber, nine shot cylinder with 16 ga. smoothbore barrel, serial number 349. Only about 1,000 First Model Revolvers were produced with another 2,000 Second Model Revolvers making the First Model the scarcer of the two types. The half octagonal 7 inch barrel is marked on the top "COL. LEMAT'S PATENT" with serial numbers on the right flat by the cylinder (with what appears to be a stylized script LM) and on the bottom just forward of the shot barrel. Serial numbers also appear on the right side of the frame above the trigger guard, on the cylinder and on the left side of the loading lever. Interestingly, the smoothbore barrel bears the stamping, "J" on the left side towards the muzzle. The grips are of checkered walnut showing some wear with much original varnish. Overall, the pistol is mechanically fine with light rust evident in the bores and cylinders. The metal exhibits a nice plum gray patina with generous amounts of bluing visible on the loading lever and smoothbore barrel.

Exceptional Full Flap LeMat Holster for a First Model LeMat Revolver. Though not Confederate marked, this is a beautiful example of a Civil War-era LeMat holster. The russet-colored leather holster still retains the closure strap and buckle as well as the belt loop strap. The leather is still supple and exhibits only moderate wear with the exception of a .5" tear at the leading edge of the holster at the fold and a .5" hole (from the wear of the front sight) at the bottom of the holster. Examples of the these holsters in good condition are hard to find.

2nd Model LeMat Revolver .42 caliber, nine shot cylinder with 16 ga. smoothbore barrel, serial number 1385. This pistol bears an octagonal 6.875 inch barrel marked on the top, "Col. LeMat Bte s.g.d.g. Paris." The barrel is also marked with the serial number and "star / LM" on the right side. The serial number is also visible on the right side of the frame, on the cylinder and on the trigger. The hammer is also marked, "V" on the left side. The grips are original walnut with traces of original varnish. Mechanically very good, the pistol retains about 70% original blue with the balance turning brown.

2nd Model LeMat Revolver .42 caliber, nine shot cylinder with 16 ga. smoothbore barrel, serial number 1899. This French made pistol bears all the expected characteristics of a 2nd Model including a 6.875 inch full octagonal barrel, round trigger guard, simplified loading lever on the left side of the pistol and integrally cast swivel in the butt. The barrel is marked, "Systeme Le Mat Bte. s.g.d.g. Paris" on the top with the serial number and the "star / LM" factory mark on the right side. Matching serial numbers are also evident on the right frame above the trigger guard, on the right side of the loading lever arched piece and on the cylinder. The hammer is also marked, "X" on the left side. The pistol retains overall 70% original bluing with the balance turning brown. The walnut grips show some wear with a few dings. Mechanics are fine.

Confederate Fayetteville Armory Rifle With Bayonet and Sling, .58 caliber, 49" overall length with 33" barrel, lockplate stamped "FAYETTEVILLE, C.S.A." under eagle stamped before hammer, "1864" stamped behind hammer, walnut stock, two brass bands, brass buttplate stamped "C.S.A." on tang, brass trigger guard, iron ramrod, collapsible rear sight, rifle fitted with cotton sling having leather adjustment loops and with socket bayonet, 22.75" overall length, stamped D.64. Barrel has smooth even brown patina, brass elements lightly toned, walnut enjoys nice glossy aged patina. Working action with very light rusting, numerous dings on wood from use and a 1" split near nose cap. Overall good condition. The Fayetteville rifle is easily the most famous Confederate longarm after the Richmond Armory product. With its brass furniture and pleasing proportions, the Fayetteville is an eye-catching weapon. This splendid example is enhanced by the presence of a sling and bayonet.

Kent Wall's Report:
Shortly after the capture of the Harpers Ferry Armory and Rifle Works by Virginia forces in the spring of 1861, the machinery was removed and sent to the Fayetteville Armory in North Carolina.
Production of military rifles began several months later and transitioned through several alterations in the final product. These alterations are known to collectors as Types I, II, III, and IV rifles.
The standard pattern was the U.S. Model 1855 rifle and featured 2 barrel bands, .58 caliber, 49" in length with a 33" iron barrel. The two-leaf rear sight is iron and is adjustable. The front sight is an iron blade.
The Type IV rifle followed the standard and featured a lower profile lock plate and no bayonet lug, since by 1864, the decision had been made to use only socket bayonets.
The u-marked barrel bands, nose cap, and buttplate, with "C.S.A." stamped on the tang, are brass.
This rifle follows the standard pattern for the Type IV. The barrel is stamped on the left side near the rear sight, "V", "P" and "__" (eagle head not legible). The lockplate is marked "Fayetteville" to the right, eagle over "C.S.A." in front of the hammer and "1864" to the rear of the hammer.
There is a linen/leather sling attached to this rifle.
Condition: Fair. Barrel has an even, dark patina with pitting near bolster. The bolster has light surface rust. There is a noticeable swell to the barrel 6" from the muzzle end. The stock does not appear to have been cut. It does exhibit a number of scratches and dings including a section missing between the barrel tang and the hammer. There are two significant vertical gouges on the left side of the stock, one near the buttplate, one midway between the buttplate and the trigger guard. There is a small split near nose cap. The inspector's cartouche is not visible.
Other: The barrel swell prevents the removal of the front barrel band.

Rare Published Mendenhall, Jones and Gardner North Carolina Contract Rifle, 58 caliber, 48.5" overall length with 33" barrel, lockplate stamped "M.J.&G. / N.C." in center with "C.S / 1863" stamped vertically behind the hammer, brass trigger guard, two brass bands, brass nose plate, iron buttplate, front and rear sights, walnut stock. Complete with ramrod, canvas/leather sling and bayonet with an overall length of 21.25" having a cast brass hilt stamped "17" on the grip by Confederate authorities. This exact specimen is photographed and described on pages 114-115 in Hill's Confederate Longarms and Pistols. Action works, but only goes to full cock, barrel and lockplate retain most of original finish exhibiting scattered stains and light scratches, brass elements have deep old toning with the second barrel ring being somewhat loose, expected dings and scratches from use on stock. Overall very good condition. The makers of this very rare Confederate longarm used the U.S. Model 1841 musket as a prototype. The weapon was made in Jamestown, NC, a Guilford County hamlet already having a long and distinguished gunsmithing tradition before the Civil War. An excellent opportunity to acquire an elusive Confederate piece.

Kent Wall's Report:
Cyrus P. Mendenhall, Ezekiel P. Jones, and Grafton Gardner were the partners of the firm "Mendenhall, Jones and Gardner." Initially, the company leased some of the buildings belonging to Clapp, Huffman and Co. located on Alamance Creek, eleven miles east of Greensboro, North Carolina. There, manufacturing began to produce rifles for the state of North Carolina. These rifles were to follow the pattern of the U.S. Model 1841 "Mississippi" rifle except that the patchbox and lid were to be eliminated. In 1862, the operation was moved to the vicinity of Jamestown, North Carolina, about a mile below the town on the Deep River. Production continued until late 1864. A total of 2,239 rifles were produced and accepted for the contracts of 1862 and 1863.
This .58 caliber rifle is 48.5" in length with a 33" round, iron barrel and a bayonet lug. The nose cap, unmarked barrel bands, blade front sight, and trigger guard are brass, all with a deep mellow patina. The buttplate is iron with no curvature. The notched rear sight is fixed.
The lock is marked "M. J. & G." over "N. C." forward of the hammer and "C. S." over "1863" to the rear of the hammer and vertically.
This rifle is pictured on pages 114 and 115 in Hill and Anthony's Confederate Longarms and Pistols (1978). The reader will note that at that time, this rifle had a leather sling and the serial number identified as "324".
The serial number is actually "218" and is found on the inside of the trigger guard and the top of the trigger.
The saber bayonet is 24 5/16" in length and stamped "17" on the flat of the brass handle. This bayonet conforms to the saber bayonets produced at by Froelich at Kenansville, North Carolina.
The inside of the lock is marked with "S", "V", "3", "4".
There is a linen/leather sling with this rifle now.
Condition of Rifle: Very Good. The barrel is lightly pitted. The walnut stock has not been cut. There is some deterioration to the butt area perhaps due to moisture for the buttplate shows evidence of rust, now stablilized. The action does not lock at the half-cock position. The nose cap and front barrel band are likely replaced. The same ramrod pictured in Hill & Anthony is present and is original.
Condition of Bayonet: Good. The blade is lightly pitted throughout. The brass guard has a wonderful casting flaw which is visible in the Hill/Anthony photograph on page 115. The spring has been replaced.
Provenance: As previously noted in Hill/Anthony. Private collection 1984-1992.

Very Rare Confederate Type II Morse Carbine made in Greenville, South Carolina by the State Military Works. 39.5" overall length with 18" fully round barrel, .50 caliber, serial number "257" in two places, brass frame with integral trigger guard, two-part walnut stock, brass nose cap, brass butt plate, steel ramrod with brass cleaning attachment. The right side of the frame is stamped "C.S. 1863", however this marking is not original to the carbine. Action a bit stiff, but functional. Toned brass elements, glossy patinated wood, light pitting to barrel, numerous small dings from use. Overall very good condition. Ex. William A. Albaugh III Collection. Invented by George W. Morse, less than 1,000 of these attractive and innovative breech-loaders were made with machinery taken from Harpers Ferry at the war's onset. Morse carbine production ceased when their manufacturing facility was destroyed in 1864. These arms were primarily issued to South Carolina troops, however a number of them saw regular Confederate service.

Model 1853 British Enfield Georgia Import Rifle with JS over Anchor stamped behind trigger guard, .577 caliber, 55" overall length, 38.5" barrel, "E.P.BOND / LONDON" stamped on lockplate, undated, three bands, rear sight, brass nose cap, brass buttplate stamped "4933" by Confederate authorities, brass trigger guard, engraved border on lockplate and hammer, includes ramrod. Toned brass elements, light porosity under brown patina on barrel, hammer and lockplate retain bright finish, numerous old nicks and dings on wood from normal use. Overall very good condition. A very presentable and classic Enfield as imported extensively by both the Union and the Confederacy. This actual rifle is pictured on page 44 of Firearms From Europe by David Noe, Larry W. Yantz and James B. Whisker (Rochester, New York: Rowe Publications, 1999). These guns were ordered by the state of Georgia and ran the blockade into the Confederacy to arm their troops.

Kent Wall's Report:
This Enfield Pattern 1853 rifle made by E. P. Bond is a fine example of the type of firearm that was manufactured in England and very likely saw service in America during the Civil War.
This rifle has 3 iron, adjustable barrel bands, .577 caliber and is 55" in length, with a 38.5" barrel.
The lockplate exhibits a pleasant, bright finish and is marked "E. P. Bond" over "London". Decorative engraving around the edge.
The barrel exhibits an even, brown patina and has three proof marks. Stamped on the flat near the hammer is a scepter and a crown over "E. B."
The long range rear sight is present with the ranging numbers clearly visible on the right side. The hammer has decorative engraving and a bright finish.
The nose cap, buttplate and trigger guard are brass with a mellow patina. The buttplate tang is engraved "4933".
The ramrod is original and is engraved "4933" near the end.
The stock exhibits dings and scratches from normal use but is not unpleasant in appearance. The "JS" over anchor is stamped in the wood behind the trigger guard tang.
Condition: Very Good.
Provenance: The rifle is pictured in Firearms From Europe by Noe/Yantz/Whisker, 1999, pg. 44.

Model 1853 3-Band Enfield Rifled Musket. 55" overall length with 39" barrel, .577 caliber, "BARNET LONDON" stamped on lockplate, 3 inspector's marks on barrel, brass buttplate, trigger guard and nose cap. Complete with original ramrod. Owner's initials, "WHS" (or "SAM"?), carved on butt. Light rusting and pitting on all ferrous metal parts, however the gun's action still works. This weapon has "seen the elephant". Good condition. A classic Civil War era musket made in England and used widely by both North and South.

Kent Wall's Report:
This Enfield rifle pattern 1853 is an example of the type of firearm manufactured in England and perhaps saw service in America during the Civil War.
This rifle has three iron, adjustable barrel bands, .577 caliber and is 55" in length, with a 39" barrel.
The lockplate is marked "Barnet" over "London" and exhibits dings and scratches with some pitting.
The barrel is dark with pitting and light rust, especially around the bolster. There are three proofmarks and a "P" stamped on the barrel.
The buttplate, trigger guard, and nose cap are brass.
The long range rear sight and front sight are present.
There is a ramrod present and there are no markings.
The stock exhibits numerous scratches and dings. "SAM" (or "WHS") is carved on the butt. On the left side near the escutcheon is stamped "J. C." in small letters.
Overall Condition: Fair.

Rare Confederate Richmond Sharps Carbine, 38" overall length, 21" barrel, 50 caliber percussion breechloader, stamped "S.G. ROBINSON./ ARMS MANUFACTORY./RICHMOND, VA/1862" on lockplate with serial number "172" at rear of lockplate, one brass barrel band, brass buttplate, rear sight, "S.C. ROBINSON/ ARMS MANUFACTORY" stamped on barrel before rear sight, "RICHMOND, VA/ 1862" stamped on barrel behind rear sight. Working hammer, however the breech is hung. Old brown patina with moderate pitting on ferrous elements, brass enjoys dark toning, walnut has digs from use under a glossy patina. Good condition. Fewer than 2,000 of these weapons were produced. Copied from the Yankee-made Model 1859 Sharps, the Richmond product was effective yet inevitably cruder.

Kent Wall's Report:
Samuel C. Robinson, a prominent business man and property owner in Richmond, Virginia, formed the S. C. Robinson Arms Manufactory in the early days of the Civil War. The Confederate government entered into a contract with the company to manufacture carbines on the Sharps pattern, Model of 1859, but in .52 caliber. Robinson was in a hurry to begin and this haste produced a variety of problems resulting in an unfortunate and undeserved reputation for the Robinson carbine.
Full production did not begin until December, 1862, and lasted until the following March at which time production was taken over by the government. Government produced carbines were virtually identical to Robinson's with no break in the serial number sequence. Only the markings changed.
Production continued until early 1864 when the machinery was transferred to a new armory at Tallassee, Alabama.
Robinson production may have reached 2,000 carbines.
This carbine, serial number 171, is 38" overall with a 21" round, iron barrel. The breech block, saddle ring and bar, front sight, sling swivel, and hammer are also iron. The buttplate and single barrel band are brass.
Markings include "S. C. Robinson" over "Arms Manufactory" over "Richmond VA" over "1862" in four lines on the lockplate to the rear of the hammer. "S. C. Robinson" over "Arms Manufactory" in two lines forward of the rear sight. "Richmond VA" over "1862" in two lines behind the rear sight. SN "171" is found on the left of the lockplate and on the tang.
The barrel band could not be removed.
Condition: Fair. The carbine is dirty throughout. The iron parts evidence surface rust and pitting. The brass buttplate is dinged. The carbine is mechanically sound. There is a repair to the stock at the grip extending into the comb on the right side.

Published Wilson's Breech Loading Rifle with its Original Numbered Cutlass Bayonet as Imported from Britain by the Confederate Naval Yard in Charleston, South Carolina- ran the blockade from Britain into the Confederacy. These extremely rare firearms were modeled after the Pattern 1856/60 Short Rifle and were supplied to the Confederate Navy in very limited numbers. Our specimen is especially desirable as it shares a common marked number with its blade and is thus offered as issued. This exact pair is discussed and photographed at length in Firearms From Europe by David Noe, Larry W. Yantz and James E. Whisker (Rochester, New York: Rowe Publications, 1999). The rifle has a 54 caliber bore, is 49" overall length with 33" barrel, the lockplate stamped 1860 with crown behind hammer, breech cover plate stamped "T. WILSON/ PATENT", "A84" and "T.W." stamped on breech-loading receiver, "CSN" and "A 84" stamped on right butt of the stock, 3 proof marks on barrel, two bands, front and rear sights, nipple protector secured with brass chain. This weapon is exceptionally well preserved and retains its canvass and leather sling. All metal elements are lightly toned with good surfaces. The wood has a mellow aged patina with a few dings as expected. Overall fine condition; The cutlass-bayonet is 32.5" overall length, 26.75" blade, all steel metallic elements, rifle barrel fitting on quillon, two-piece checkered wooden grips on hilt, smooth blade lacking fuller, leather scabbard with steel tip and throat. "C.K.C." within shield stamped on ricasso, crown over "S 14" below. Inspector marks on hilt. The reverse of the tang is marked "A84", tying the cutlass to the rifle. Wear to grips, light rusting on basket interior, else very fine condition. A splendid Confederate weapon set with an impeccable provenance. A unique combination with firmly matched serial numbers on the stock and breech of the gun as well as on the bayonet, only two of these ultra rare Confederate Navy rifles are known to exist in museum collections.

Famous Colt Revolving Rifle Model 1859 in .56 Caliber. Colt rifles in this exact configuration were the type issued initially to Berdan's Sharpshooter Regiment. This rifle saw extensive use during the Civil War and was the first repeating rifle to be used against Confederate forces. It turned the tide in many battles. All parts are original with matching serial #506 throughout. This three-digit serial number denotes early Civil War usage and issuance. In fine condition, this rifle retains an even, silver gray patina throughout. The wood is sound with the exception of a minor crack on the forearm near the muzzle (which is untouched). A fine example of an historically important revolving rifle that changed the course of the Civil War.

Exceptional Model 1843 Hall's Carbine Made by S. North, Dated 1847. It is fully military inspected & cartouched. In remarkable condition, this carbine retains 95% original brown, strong case hardening on the breech mechanism; opening lever retains 90% fire blue. The wood stock has very minor handling marks. Exceptionally fine and possibly unfired, mint condition. One of the most popular guns of the Civil War.

Third Model Colt Dragoon .44 caliber, six shot cylinder, serial number 14365. The Colt Dragoon was produced as an improvement in both weight and size over the Colt Walker. In all, three major variations of Dragoon were produced with the major identifying feature of the Third Model as the round trigger guard. This particular pistol has the typical 7.5 inch barrel marked, "ADDRESS SAML COLT NEW YORK CITY" on the top. Serial numbers are visible on top of the loading lever, on the cylinder, on the grip strap by the toe, in front of the trigger guard, on the frame and on the barrel lug. Also, "COLTS / PATENT" appears on the left side of the frame. Mechanically very good, most of the metal exhibits a mottled plum patina with the cylinder being gray. The brass frame is aging a brownish yellow and exhibits some marks on the grip strap, possibly from use as a hammer. The grips are well figured with markings and wear expected for the age.

Martially Marked Third Model Colt Dragoon .44 caliber, six shot cylinder, serial number 17162. Approximately 10,500 Third Model Dragoons were produced making it the most numerous with First and Second Model production of approximately 5,000 and 2,700 pieces, respectively. This particular pistol bears the standard 7.5 inch barrel and is configured to accept a detachable shoulder stock with two-leaf rear sight and four-screw frame. A small "U.S." mark appears on the left side of the frame below "COLTS / PATENT." The outline of a cartouche appears on the right side grip. Other markings including "ADDRESS SAML COLT NEW" with the "YORK CITY" presumably under the dovetailed leaf sight and serial numbers visible on the iron backstrap by the toe, front part of the brass trigger guard, frame, barrel lug and top of the loading lever. Mechanically very good, original color is noted on the frame, hammer, trigger and loading lever with the balance turning gray. Some holster wear is evident at the muzzle. The stocks bear the aforementioned cartouche outline and retain much varnish.

Rare Colt Dragoon Shoulder Stock Only 1,250 shoulder stocks were produced for the Third Model Colt Dragoon making them rare in any condition. This iron framed example is in very good working condition with the metal exhibiting a gray brown patina with some light pitting on the frame interior. The buttplate toe is marked, "16974 / 16975" while the frame in front of the lanyard ring has "16733 / 16734" stamped on it. The walnut stock has some light dings and is colored a deep brownish red only obtainable through years of boiled linseed oil application.

Original Colt Dragoon Holster This holster is of the three piece right handed flap, butt forward favored by the cavalry or anyone else wearing a saber. The holster is stamped, "[illegible] GAYLORD / OHIO" on the belt loop with a "W" drawn or painted in silver on the flap. The end cap is sewn on with more stitching and brass rivets securing the flap and belt loop. Still functional, much of the original surface has flaked off the flap and belt loop, this holster appears about as original as you'll ever find.

Colt Baby Dragoon Pocket Revolver .31 caliber, five shot cylinder, serial number 12531. Approximately 15,500 Baby Dragoon Revolvers were produced from 1847 to 1850. This late production piece bears a 4 inch octagonal barrel with attached loading lever. The top of the barrel is marked, "ADDRESS SAML COLT / NEW - YORK CITY." Serial numbers appear on the backstrap by the toe, the front of the trigger guard, the barrel lug and top flat of the loading lever. The wedge and cylinder are both marked, "531" and the cylinder retains a visible Rangers and Indian scene. "COLTS / PATENT" was also noted on the left side of the frame. Mechanically very good, the steel parts exhibit a brown gray patina while the brass shows as brownish yellow. The one piece walnut grips retain about 10% original varnish with expected dings and dents.

74th New York Infantry Colt Pocket Model Navy. This rare regimental marked Colt Hartford made pistol is inscribed with "Co. D, 74th NY" on the butt, as well as "5th" Corps inscribed behind the hammer. It includes all matching serial #204945 and engraved battle scenes on the cylinder. This is an excellent, well-used weapon with completely original grips and strong main spring. The 74th New York fought in all the battles of The Army of the Potomac, known as Sickles' "Excelsior Brigade". A hard fighting unit, their commanding officer, General Barry, was killed at Chancellorsville. They lost 143 men at Williamsburg and another 89 men during the Battle of Gettysburg. This gun saw a lot of action!

Colt Model 1849 Pocket Revolver .31 caliber, five shot cylinder, serial number 31717. The Model 1849 was basically a scaled down Dragoon with an added loading lever and some mechanical simplifications. This particular pistol, manufactured circa 1852, bears an octagonal 4 inch barrel marked, "ADDRESS SAML COLT / NEW - YORK CITY" on the top. Serial numbers are stamped on the toe of the backstrap, front of the trigger guard, frame, bottom of the barrel lug and on the cylinder. The loading lever is marked, "1717" on the top of the flat and the wedge is marked, "717" also. Other markings include "COLTS PATENT" on both the cylinder and left side of the frame. Some original finish was noted on the loading lever, trigger and hammer, while the backstrap and protected parts of the trigger guard exhibit approximately 25% original silver plating. The rest of the steel surfaces exhibit a dark gray patina, and the exposed brass shows as brownish yellow. The walnut grips are mostly mark free with about 75% original varnish.

Colt Model 1849 Pocket Revolver .31 caliber, five shot cylinder, serial number 66728. The Model 1849 proved to be quite popular with some 325,000 pieces produced from 1850 to 1873. This pistol, manufactured circa 1853, bears an octagonal 6 inch barrel marked, "ADDRESS SAML COLT / NEW - YORK CITY" on the top. The serial number appears on the grip strap by the toe, on the front of the trigger guard, on the bottom of the frame and on the bottom of the barrel lug, while the loading lever top flat is marked, "6728." The cylinder retains a quite discernible stagecoach holdup scene and bears the number "12270." The wedge is also marked, "12270." Other markings include "COLTS / PATENT" on the left side of the frame and "X" on the left side of the trigger guard. Generous amounts of original finish appear on the frame, loading lever, trigger guard and backstrap with remaining steel and brass exhibiting dark brown and muted yellow patinas, respectively. The grips have all the marks and dings one would expect for age while retaining approximately 80% original varnish.

Colt Model 1860 Army .44 caliber, six shot cylinder, serial number 19324. The Model 1860 was the ultimate result of Colt's efforts to lighten the four plus pound Dragoon to make it more acceptable for military use. This is a fairly early pistol, probably made in mid to late 1861 as the Civil War was just starting and demand for all sorts of arms was insatiable. This revolver is configured to accept a shoulder stock with a round barrel of 8 inches in length and the top single line marked, "ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW - YORK U.S. AMERICA." The serial number is marked on the iron backstrap toe, the front of the brass trigger guard, the frame and on the bottom of the barrel lug. The patent information is legible on the rebated cylinder, but the serial number is not. Other markings include "COLTS / PATENT" on the frame and "T" on the trigger guard behind the loop. Mechanically good to very good, the metal has turned a mottled brownish gray patina with the brass trigger guard a nice lemon yellow with some dents noted for accuracy. The walnut stocks exhibit expected wear with some scrapes and dings.

Butterfield Army Model .41 Caliber Revolver: Only 640 Made. This Butterfield Arms .41 caliber five-shot pistol was patented on December 11, 1853 and likely saw service in the Civil War. This revolver has a 7" octagonal barrel and retains much of its original finish. Made in Philadelphia, the serial number is 334 which matches on the grip and barrel. It is one of only 640 of this model made by the company. This is a fine example of a rare Civil War revolver.

Nicely Engraved Mariette Brevet Five Barreled Pepperbox Revolver made in Liege, Belgium around 1840. This ring-triggered ornately engraved pistol, serial number 630, has fluted and ribbed barrels. It is in outstanding factory condition. This is a real showpiece.

Classic Philadelphia Derringer With a 3" Barrel. This derringer is in superb condition, nicely engraved and even possibly unfired. There is 100% of the varnish intact on the wood with slight bluing left on the barrel. The markings "Derringer, Philadelphia" are strong and very legible. The left side of the breech is marked "P" within a sunburst motif. The trigger guard finial engraving dates this pistol from 1850-1870. Examples of derringers such as this and not fitted for ramrods generally bring premium prices. This is an exceptional pistol.

Remington New Model Army .44 caliber, six shot cylinder, serial number 28741. Remington New Model Army revolvers were produced from 1863 to 1875 and proved very popular with the Ordinance Department as they were cheaper than the comparable Colt pistol. Overall, some 115,557 New Model Army revolvers would be procured by war's end, just slightly fewer than the 127,157 Colt M1860 revolvers bought over the same period. This particular pistol bears an 8 inch octagonal barrel and is marked, "PATENTED SEPT. 14, 1858 / E. REMINGTON & SONS, ILION, NEW YORK, U.S.A. / NEW - MODEL" on the top of the barrel. Serial numbers are noted on the left side of the frame under the grips and on the bottom of the barrel above the loading lever. The last four digits appear to be stamped on the back of the cylinder, but they are mostly illegible. Other markings include a "W" on the left side of the loading lever, a "W" on the left frame just behind the recoil shield and a "P" on the trigger guard just behind the front screw. Mechanically very good, this pistol was refinished, probably in the 1960s, with bluing remaining on all steel parts except the rear of the frame, front strap and back strap. The front sight is missing, probably from the aforementioned refinishing. The trigger guard exhibits a nice yellow patina, and the grips are relatively mark free although a chip on the lower left panel is noted for accuracy.

Remington New Model Army .44 caliber, six shot cylinder, serial number 25632. These revolvers are often incorrectly referred to as the Model 1858 because the three line legend on the barrel top reads, "PATENTED SEPT. 14, 1858 / REMINGTON & SONS, ILION, NEW YORK, U.S.A. / NEW - MODEL" but the correct nomenclature is the New Model Army. These pistols differed from the Navy Models in caliber and barrel length with the New Army boasting .44 caliber and an octagonal 8 inch barrel versus .36 and 7.375 inches for the Navy. This pistol is of standard configuration with serial numbers on the left frame bottom below the grip panel and on the bottom of the barrel above the loading lever. The cylinder is also marked, "56" and "32" in successive flats on the back. A cryptic "W" is noted on the cylinder, the right rear of the barrel and on the left side of the frame just behind the recoil shield. Other markings include an "S" on the left side of the loading lever and a "P" on the trigger guard just behind the front screw. Mechanically very good, the pistol was polished at one time, and no original finish remains on the barrel and frame with the patent information mostly removed from the top of the barrel. Some finish appears on the cylinder and loading lever, and the trigger guard exhibits an apparently unmolested yellow patina. The two piece grips exhibit minor wear with good color.