2009 October Grand Format Historical Manuscripts Auction

French and Indian War: Lord Jeffery Amherst and William Byrd III Documents Signed. The Amherst letter is four integral pages, written on page one and docketed on page four, 8.25" x 12.75", September 17, 1761, Staten Island [New York]. In the letter, to Colonel [William] Byrd, Lord Amherst writes about three officers from the Virginia Regiment: Lieutenant Irwin, Captain Robert Stuart (who served in Colonel Washington's regiment), and Captain Robert McKenzie. The other document is a promissory note for 400 Pounds Sterling signed by Byrd, one page, 7.25" x 3.75", December 15, 1756, [Virginia]. The Amherst letter is fragile with chipped and stained edges. The Byrd document is brittle, weak at the folds, and missing a portion on the left side, else near very good.

[Luke Drury] Grafton, Massachusetts, Indians: Town Notes Recording the Election of a Committee Charged with Removing Funds for "Maintaining Preaching and Schooling for the Indians." One page, 7.25" x 10.5", April 28, 1773, Grafton [Massachusetts], mentioning that Luke Drury, a future Revolutionary War soldier who fought at Bunker Hill, was chosen to serve on a special Grafton committee. This document also records the voting outcomes of "The Inhabitants of Grafton" who were "Legally warnd and assembled at the meeting house in Sd. Town the 27th April 1773". The inhabitants voted, in part, whether or not "To choose a Committee to give Bonds in Behalf of the Town of Grafton to the Trustees for Grafton Indians so the proprietor of said Town of Grafton be Discharged from their Bonds that are given to the genl Courts Committee for maintaining Preaching and Schooling to the Indian, natives . . . so that the Town of Grafton may come into possession of the School Lots and meeting house with the four acres of Land by Sd. meeting house and Burying place . . . Dated Jan 23rd 1738/9 and for the Town by a vote to Indemnify said Committee if they see cause." The white inhabitants "passed in the Affirmative" to "choose a Committee to give Bonds in Behalf of the Town to the Genl Courts Committee as Sett forth in the warrant". The town also "Passed in the affirmative" whether or not "to Indemnify their Comtt in giving Bonds in Behalf of their Town". According to the document, the three chosen "for said committee By votes" were Luke Drury, John Goulding, and Andrew Adams. When it was "Put to vote whether their Town Indemnify their Comtt. in giving Bonds in Behalf of the Town", the vote "Passed in the Affirmative".

An important objective of Massachusetts' Puritans was to convert the native American tribes. Missionaries like John Eliot worked to translate the Bible into the languages of the tribes. As his work gained success, he built communities of Indian converts known as Praying Towns. In the late 1600s, Eliot converted the Nipmuc tribe of Massachusetts. A school and church were established for the new converts in a new Nipmuc Praying Town located near the modern Grafton common. In the early 1700s, amidst a larger inflow of European settlers, a group of settlers bought 7,500 acres around the village from the Nipmuc. The money was used to establish an account for the tribe which was overseen by the General Court. According to this document, the white leaders of Grafton voted in 1738 to take possession of the meeting houses and lands, formerly set aside for the Nipmuc. After passing the vote, the newly acquired land became Grafton's common. Docketing on verso. Age toned with smoothed folds. A small amount of paper loss to lower left corner. Very good.

Horatio Gates Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 6.5" x 8", July 17, 1776, "Tyonderoga", written to an unnamed recipient. In full:
Sir
Lieut. Colonel Morgan Lewis is sent by me with Dispatches of consequence for General Schuyler & you will assist him with a Horse, and all in your power to forward him on his way to Albany.
I am
Yr. Hum: Servant
Horatio Gates
Maj. Genl.
P.S. Col. Lewis has my positive order not to deliver his Dispatches into any person hands but those they are intended for.

In 1775, Horatio Gates, a British soldier, offered his services to the Continental Congress. By the time this letter was written, he was serving as a major general in command of the Northern Department, which had recently retreated southward out of Canada. Gates had abandoned Fort Crown Point on Lake Champlain, a move that was unfavorably viewed by many, including General Washington. Gates writes this letter from Ticonderoga, a fort seventeen miles south of Fort Crown Point. He was using Fort Ticonderoga to maintain his control over Lake Champlain. Gates was later censured for abandoning Crown Point and demoted to a position of assistance to General Philip Schuyler, his replacement. After Schuyler was later defeated by the British at Ticonderoga in 1777, Gates was reinstated as commander of the army. Morgan Lewis, sent by Gates with dispatches for Schuyler, was a Declaration of Independence signer, quartermaster general of the Northern Department, and future third governor of New York. Affixed below the letter is a short caption which reads, "GATES, HORATIO. First Adj.-Gen. of the Army; Conqueror of Burgoyne; totally defeated by Cornwallis at Camden." With mounting residue on verso. Also included are two images of Horatio Gates, with one small image of Morgan Lewis. All are in fine condition.

Marquis de Lafayette Important Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 8" x 9.75", January 2, 1825, Washington, D.C., thanking "Both Houses of Congress" for their "unexpected" gift of $200,000 for his past services rendered to the American republic. In full:

Washington January 2d 1825

Gentlemen of the Committee of Both Houses of Congress,

The immense and unexpected gift which, in addition to former and considerable bounties, it has pleased Congress to confer upon me call for the warmest aknowledgements [sic] of an old American soldier and adopted Son of the United States, two titles dearer to my Heart than all the treasures of the world.

However proud I am of every sort of obligation received from the people of the United States, and their Representatives in Congress, the large extent of this benefaction might have created in my mind feelings of hesitation or inconsistence, I hope, with those of the most grateful reverence. But the so very kind resolution of both Houses delivered by you, Gentlemen, in terms of equal kindness, precludes all other sentiments except those of the lively and profound gratitude of which, in respectfully accepting the munificence favor, I have the honor to beg you be the organs.

Permit me also, Gentlemen, to join a tender of my affectionate, personal thanks to the expression of the higher respect with which I have the honor to be

your obet Servt.
Lafayette

In July 1824, the Marquis de Lafayette, the French general and Revolutionary War hero, left Le Havre for a final visit to the United States. After his arrival in New York, Lafayette made a triumphant journey to the nation's capitol, named in honor of his friend and commander, George Washington. After a pilgrimage to Mount Vernon and the tomb of Washington, Lafayette was presented to the senate, which adjourned so its members could personally meet Lafayette. The following day, December 10, he was invited to the House of Representatives where he was introduced by Speaker of the House Henry Clay: "Often we have formed the vain desire that Providence should permit the patriot to visit his country after his death, to contemplate there the changes to which time has given birth. Today, the American patriot of times passed would see forests cultivated, towns founded, mountains leveled, canals opened, great roads built, great progress made in the Arts, the Sciences and in the increase of population." Clay continued with high praise for Lafayette's role in Europe's recent events. Lafayette, the first foreign dignitary to address the House of Representatives, said in his reply, "The approbation of the American people for my conduct in the vicissitudes of the European Revolution is the greatest that I could receive. To be sure, I can stand fast with head held high, when in their name and by you, Mr. President, it is solemnly declared that on each occasion I have stayed faithful to American principles of liberty, equality and true social order to which I have been devoted since my youth, and which, till my last breath, will be a sacred duty to me." (William Jones. The Schiller Institute website. "Image of the American Patriot", 2007.) The letter is very attractively matted and archivally framed with a colored engraving of the Marquis de Lafayette (26" x 23.25" overall). The manuscript has been placed in a mylar sleeve prior to framing to preserve its pristine condition. Expertly restored at the folds, else very fine. Ex. Forbes Collection

[Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee] Silhouette. One page, 8.5 " x 9.75", attractively framed (10" x 12" overall). The striking black paper silhouette of a uniformed Lee on horseback is mounted on paper signed "John Piper/ Profilist/ Boston/ 1777". At the bottom in ink is, "'Light horse' Harry Lee of Virginia". Toning to the mounting paper, else fine.

[Robert Morris] Ledger with Fair Copies of 54 Revolutionary War Letters to Morris, Plus 2 Letters from Morris to George Washington, all Dated between 1775-1782. Together with a 1917 Henkels' Auction Catalog and a Copy of Collections of the New York Historical Society for the Year 1878. Written on laid paper, each page 8.25" x 13.5". Each also bears the watermark "JESSUPS", ca. 1840. The letters contain historically important content from the American Revolutionary War period. A few examples from the ledger follow:

To George Washington, June 15, 1781, notifying Washington that he, Morris, was now the "Financier Elect".
To George Washington, July 2, 1781, concerning the financial crisis: "if the Several Legislatures will only do their part with vigour I shall have the Strongest hopes of putting a much better face on our Monied affairs in a Short time".
From Benjamin Franklin, June 3, 1780, regarding "free navigation for neutral ships": "free ships make free goods".
From John Hancock, January 14, 1777, on the government's retreat from Philadelphia: "I wish to return to Philadelphia".
From William Hooper, February 1, 1777, declaring that "an Impartial world will say with you that he [George Washington] is the Greatest man on Earth".
From John Jay, December 18, 1780, concerning Benedict Arnold's treasonous plot: "as unexpected as its discovery was fortunate".
From John Jay, November 19, 1780, requesting Morris to "advance twenty pounds sterl. to Miss Kitty Livingston for the use of my little boy." (John Jay, an outspoken New York abolitionist, bought young slaves in order to free them in adulthood. Apparently, he also hired them out.)
From Horatio Gates, June 3, 1781, responding to being replaced following his defeat at the Battle of Camden: "Surely I cannot be shuffled out of service unless there is or has been some evident design in Individuals to remove me from all command."

Many other important letters are included from Trent Tilghman, Anthony Wayne, and Charles Lee, the author of the majority of the letters. With later copies (ca. 1900) of near fifteen letters. Because of the loss of the spine, all pages in the ledger are detached. Overall, near very good.

Also included is the Stan V. Henkels' catalog, for auction held January 16, 1917, entitled The Confidential Correspondence of Robert Morris. The auction, billed on the cover as "The most important collection of papers ever offered on Revolutionary Events", contains many of the Morris letters included in the ledger. Well worn (loose front wrapper) with penciled notations (mainly prices) in the margins of almost every page. Very good condition. Plus a copy of Collections of the New-York Historical Society for the Year 1878, unopened, containing many of the Morris' ledger letters. A fine copy.

Jonathan Moulton Letter Signed. One page with address on the verso, 7.75" x 12", June 27, 1771, Hampton [New Hampshire]. The letter, addressed to Captain Eliphalet Merrill, refers to the possible promotion of Coronet Brown of the New Hampshire Colonial Militia, who Moulton believes "to be a very good sort of a man . . . who will make a pretty officer". Moulton served as a colonel in the militia, on the Committee of Safety, in the Continental Congress, and in state government. A general during the American Revolution, he was one of the country's first big real estate speculators owning thousands of acres of land, mills, and a store. Moulton became one of the richest men in New Hampshire. His reputation as a canny businessman led to rumors that he made a pact with the devil, selling his soul for monetary success. The tales of the pact became part of New Hampshire folklore. Capt. Eliphalet Merrill was a captain in the Revolutionary War and served in the Provincial Assembly. Some weakness at the folds and repairs, else near fine.

[Charles Thomson] Two 1779 Revolutionary War Broadsides publicizing resolutions passed by the Second Continental Congress concerning provisions for the Continental Army.
(1) One page, 8.5" x 10.5", March 13, 1778, [York, Pennsylvania, the location of this session of the Continental Congress], communicating congressional resolutions about purchasing officers and their assistants, as well as supplying an inventory of the provisions to be assigned to the army (including "Hard Bread . . . West-India Rum . . . Vinegar . . . Turnips and Potatoes"). Period docket on the verso reads "Resolve of Congress". Fragile with some separation at the folds. Evenly toned, with a few stray stains and soiling.

(2) One page, 8.5" x 13.5", March 5, 1779, [Philadelphia, the location of this session of the Continental Congress], printed by Hall and Sellers, 1779, communicating two resolutions concerning procedures for the use and redemption of certificates used by the army to exchange for supplies (such as "Provisions, Forage, Cloathing, or other Articles"). The resolves regard procedures put in place to prevent possible abuse and misuse by officers and threatened court-martial in the event of wrong-doing. In just fair condition with wrinkling and at folds where separations occur, with a few instances of paper loss. Soiling throughout. Period docket on verso.

Both broadsides are signed in type by Charles Thomson as Secretary of the Congress.

Revolutionary War: Clothing Inventory for the 9th Massachusetts Regiment. Two pages, 8" x 13.25", 1780, n.p. Each side of the document contains the names of American Revolutionary War soldiers (seventy-three in all) with columns for various articles of clothing issued to each soldier. At least one soldier listed was black (Prince Brown); others (like James Knox) might have been.

One side of the document lists Captain Samuel Carr's company. At the top is written, "Account of Cloathing delivered to Capt S. Carr's Compy. in the 9th Massa. Regiment Commanded by James Wesson, Esq. for the year 1780." Forty-six names are then listed, beginning with company officers, drummers, and fifers. The other side lists Captain William Watson's company (twenty-seven names). At the top is written, "Account of Cloathing delivered to Captn. William Watson's Company of Light Infantry in the Ninth Massa. Regt. Commanded by James Wesson Esq. in 1780." In columns next to the names on both sides of the document are the numbers of specific articles of clothing owned by each. The columns are headed "Coats", "Vests", "Breeches", "Woolen Overalls", "Linen Overalls", "Shirts", "Huntg Shirts", "Hose", "Shoes", "Hats", and "Blankets". The final column contains the total number of articles of clothing issued to each soldier.

The 9th Massachusetts Regiment, created in November 1776, disbanded in January 1783 and was led by Colonel James Wesson for its first five years. At the time this inventory was taken, the regiment consisted of nine companies. The soldiers from these two companies had participated in the Siege of Fort Stanwix (1777), the Battle of Saratoga (1777), and Valley Forge (1777-1778). This inventory is age toned with no folds; near fine.

Purchases and Provisions Chart for the French Army on their 1781 March to Meet General Washington at "Head Quarters". One page, 20" x 15.5", June 25, 1781, n.p. [likely Rhode Island]. The main heading is written across the top: "A Return of Provisions & Stores Purchased for the Army France on their march to Head Quarters". Written along the left margin are the names of the thirty-seven suppliers; across the top (below the main heading) are written fifteen headings of columns with names such as "Wheat Flour", "Loaf Bread", "Corn", "Calves", "Sheep", "Hay", and "Wood". Monetary amount totals are written to the far right and provision totals are written at the bottom of each column. In the columns next to each man's name are written the numbers of provisions provided.

After a year's inactivity spent at Newport, Rhode Island, the French Army, commanded by Compte de Rochambeau, finally left on June 9, 1781, and marched twenty-five miles to Providence. From there on June 18, they proceeded west to meet George Washington's Continental Army. When the two forces finally combined on July 6, they marched against the Lord Cornwallis' British troops, whom they met and defeated in October at the decisive Battle of Yorktown. Docketing on the verso reads, "Purchases for the Army of France in their march". On toned paper with some separation along folds. Very good.

Colonial Boston Store Ledger Book of William Blair Townsend, with entries dating from 1744 through 1761. Pages are numbered 1-70; numbering then starts over with page 1 and ends at 378 (a total of 448pp.); 6.5" x 14.5". "Boston New England " is written at the top of each page. Hundreds of entries with customer names, items purchased with cost, and balances due, have been carefully recorded on the toned pages. Items sold include thread, hose, silk, bear skin, rum, paper, tea, shoes, and more.

The ledger has an interesting array of customers, including David Wooster (Revolutionary War hero), John Adams [Sr.?], and Thomas Cushing (first lieutenant governor of Massachusetts). Other important Massachusetts' family names that appear throughout the ledger are Winslow, Stoddard, Kennedy, Winthrop, Lincoln, and Adams (John, William, and Anna). Tall suede boards with "Day Book" written on cover. Cover and edge designs stamped in blind and in black (black mostly faded). Heavy wear to corners of rear board, with leather peeling away to reveal pasteboard. Some soiling, mostly stray ink stains. Wormholes along rear joint. Front hinge starting. Hand-lettered ink title to front board and smooth spine. A tight and sturdy item in generally very good condition.

18th Century Arithmetic Exercise Journal, Including a Revolutionary War Oath of Allegiance to King George III. This 8.5" x 13" journal consists of near 200 pages of intermediate arithmetic exercises, with one page containing an oath of allegiance copied by Huntington, New York, teenager James Pine Chichester, the son of Eliphalet and Mary Pine Chichester. (Eliphalet fought against the British during the Revolutionary War.) The oath, along with an introductory remark, reads in part: "The oath that the inhabitense [sic] was obliged to take while prisoners under the British government During the Revolution War for our Independence./ I do certify that Pine Chichester, aged 19, of Huntington township has Voluntarily Swore before me to Bear Faith and True Allegiance to his majesty King Georg[e] the Third . . . ." The page is signed, "William Tryon/ Governor ", likely by Chichester. (Tryon served as New York's colonial governor from 1771 through 1780. New York City, not far from Huntington on Long Island, became the headquarters of the North American British Army after 1776.)

The exercise journal was used by several generations of Chichester youngsters living in Huntington and later, Iowa. The book appears to have been first used by Mary Pine, the mother of James Pine Chichester, who has written in large letters across two pages, "Mary Pine Her Book November the tenth Day Seventeen Hundred 52". Mary married Eliphalet Chichester six years later in 1758. The book was then used by several succeeding generations of young men named James Pine Chichester, one who wrote across the front cover, "ARITHMETIC/ JAMES P. CHICHESTER./ 1796." Almost every page of the exercise journal contains either arithmetic exercises (including more advanced exercises in business math), word problems, mathematical rules (such as, "As the sum of the several stock, So to the total gain or loss, So is each mans share in stock, To his Share of the gain or loss"), maxims, or poems. Several pages contain Chichester birth records from the eighteenth century. The latest date recorded in the journal is 1872. Foxing throughout, with some larger stains. The coated brown paper wrappers are worn and wrinkled; the back wrapper has detached, but is present. Some pages have also become detached. Still, a wonderfully preserved piece of Americana in good condition.

[Francis Scott Key] "Fort Mc.Henry, or, the Star Spangled Banner" [1814]. Philadelphia: G. E. Blake. Three pages, 9.25" x 13". Four stanzas of the national anthem printed without music on page three of the sheet music for "'The Battle of the Wabash': A Patriotic Song, Written by Joseph Hutton To the favourite Air of Anacreon in Heaven." On page three above the stanzas of the "Fort Mc.Henry, or, the Star Spangled Banner" is written, "Sung with great applause by Mr. Hardinge, at the Theatre Baltimore."

Thirty-five-year-old poet and attorney Francis Scott Key watched the British Royal Navy bombard Fort McHenry in the Baltimore Harbor during the night of September 13 and 14, 1814. The heavy bombardment throughout the evening indicated to Key that the fort had not yet surrendered. He was further comforted when the dawn's light fell on the American flag, proving that the fort had withstood the attack. Key added these nighttime and early morning events to his poem shortly after the battle was over. By September 17, a broadside featuring Key's poem with the title "Defence of Fort M'Henry" was published, likely the initial printing of Key's poem. On September 20, the poem, along with a description of its inception, appeared in the Baltimore Patriot. (Oscar George Theodore Sonneck. The Star Spangled Banner. Government Printing Office, 1914.)

The poem's popularity quickly spread, with over twenty separate printings now known to have existed before December 31, 1814. Two of those - including this one - mention Mr. Hardinge's version ("with great applause"). Mr. Hardinge was a member of the Warren & Wood Chestnut Street Company, which sang Key's poem "with great applause" to the tune of "To Anacreon in Heaven" in Baltimore between October 12 and November 21, 1814. Four times after October 19 (and before November 21), Baltimore newspapers gave notice when the poem, under the name "The Star Spangled Banner", would be performed. Joseph Hutton's popular song, "The Battle of the Wabash" was sung to the tune of "To Anacreon in Heaven" (also known as "The Anacreontic Song"). Composed by John Stafford Smith of Gloucester, England, this tune was likely used by the English as a drinking song. "The Star Spangled Banner" soon became a popular American patriotic song. A March 1931 act of Congress, signed by Herbert Hoover, made it the national anthem. (James J. Fuld. The Book of World-Famous Music: Classical, Popular, and Folk. Courier Dover Publications, 2000.)

Handsomely matted and framed so that the document can be viewed on both sides, with an overall size of 24" x 23". The "The Battle of the Wabash" and "Fort Mc.Henry, or, the Star Spangled Banner" are framed spread open, 18" x 13", sight). Dark ink notations at top of pages with minute holes resulting from previous binding. Toning and foxing.

John Brown of Osawatomie Signed Document. One page, front and verso, 7.5" x 12.5", July 18, 1828, Meadville, Pennsylvania. The document is an article of agreement between Arthur Cullum and Brown, in which Cullum sells a one-half lot to Brown for $125. The document is docketed and notarized on the verso. Boldly signed by Brown. Toned with some staining, slight weakness at the folds, else near fine.

John Brown had moved to New Richmond, Pennsylvania with his first wife Dianthe Lusk in 1825. In 1832, a year prior to the writing of this document, Brown had lost both one of his infant sons as well as his wife Dianthe. Just prior to this loss, Brown had lost another child and had been ill. The mounting tragedies resulted in great debt, exemplary of which is this bond made out to his father-in-law, on which Brown is using land left by his late wife, as collateral. Just a short month after the date of this document, Brown would marry his second wife, Mary Ann Day.

John Brown (1800-1859) is undoubtedly one of the most controversial figures of the 19th Century. History has both vilified him as a religious fanatic guilty of the Pottawatomie Massacre, and in turn as hero sometimes credited with starting the chain of events that would eventually lead to the freeing of the slaves. The current consensus on Brown is that he was a man of strong faith and will, who died a martyr to the cause of abolition.

[Frederick Douglass] Abolitionist Paper A Voice from the Jail. Four pages, 10.5" x 14", December 25, 1842, Newburyport Jail, published "at the jail in Newburyport, Mass by Thomas Parnell Beach, who is confined in that prison for opening his mouth in behalf of two and a half million of his enslaved fellow-men." The paper contains articles, letters, and essays extolling the right to free speech, which Beach was denied. Page one contains information about an upcoming anti-slavery "Rally!!!" on "January 4th and 5th, 1843" at Milford, New Hampshire. The rally, known as the "Beach Anti-Slavery Meeting", was being held to "let a voice like a tempest, go forth from the Milford Convention, that shall make those cowardly organizations and clergy, who trample rough-shod upon three millions of human beings, shake like aspen leaves. . . . By your love for three millions of enslaved brothers and sisters. . . . Let there be such an Anti-Slavery gathering as has never been witnessed in the Granite State. . . . Let the thundering eloquence of [Frederick] DOUGLASS and [Charles Lenox] REMOND, and the soul-stirring tale of [George W.] LATIMER, united to break the death-like slumbers of the Granite State!"

Thomas Parnell Beach, a minister who was placed in jail for his anti-slavery rhetoric at a Quaker service, was released from jail before the January 1843 rally and was able to attend. This rare issue is Vol. 1, No. 3, of which 3,000 original copies were originally printed. Slight uneven toning and light soiling occurs on page one. Some weakness at fold intersections; still, paper is in near fine condition.

Ojibwa Chief Kahkewaquonaby (Peter Jones) Autograph Manuscript Signed Twice. One page, 8" x 10", Liverpool, April 19, 1832. Ojibwa Methodist minister Peter Jones was a translator, tribal chief, and author from Burlington Heights, Upper Canada. His Ojibwa name was Kahkewaquonaby, which means Sacred Waving Feathers. He was elected a chief of the Mississaugas of the Credit Mission in 1829 and acted as a spokesman for the tribe when petitioning the colonial government and its departments. During his British tours he had audiences with King William IV and Queen Victoria, directly petitioning the latter on the issue of title deeds for the Mississaugas of Upper Canada. It was during one of his tours of England that Jones penned this brief manuscript. A Bible passage, written in both Chippewa and English, using a different writing style for each language. The passage reads: "The wilderness and the solitary place shall be great for them, and the desert shall rejoice and blossom as the rose. Isa. 35.1." Signed " Kahkewaquonaby" and below this "Peter Jones . . . Chief from Canada." Light age toning; a few creases at corners. Fine condition.

Seneca Chief Cornplanter Document Signed With His Mark. One page, 8" x 6.5", "Buffalo, July 5th, 1819." Docketed on verso. Cornplanter was the son of a white man and an Indian princess who was a member of the Seneca noble family and the hereditary matron of the Wolf clan. Cornplanter's English name was John O'Bail. Cornplanter was often referred to as one of the most valiant warriors of his tribe, fighting first with the British as chief of the Seneca Nation. However, when his people were deserted by their British allies he took part in Indian treaties with the American government. He was the earliest settler in Warren County, Pennsylvania, and a contemporary of George Washington, with whom he became close friends during the Revolutionary War. For his help during the ensuing Indian war, he was given large tracts of land in several locations, as partial recognition for his services to the state. Cornplanter settled on the grant with his family, remaining there until his death in 1836.

This extremely rare and collectible document, representing Cornplanter's $250 annuity, reads in full: "Received at Buffalo of LeRoy Bayard & McEvans and Thomas Morris per the hands of Jasper Parrish Sut. Agent to the Six Nations of Indians, Two hundred & fifty dollars, it being in full for an Annuity due me (by an agreement made with Robert Morris at Big Tree in September 1797) up to September 1818." Below this is written Cornplanter's name, and taking the pen in his own hand, Cornplanter has scrawled an "X" making "his mark" upon the receipt. The document has been witnessed by "H. Cunningham, Chas. F. Coit," and one addition individual whose signature is illegible. The document is in outstanding condition - bright and sharp and very fine - and would be a valuable addition to any Native American collection.

John Coffee Indian Removal Archive dating between November 1829 and January 1833 and relating to the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, and Creek removal activity by the U.S. Government. The archive includes hand-drawn maps, excerpts from past treaties, delegation expense invoices, letters, and documents. (All letters and documents quoted in the description are included in this archive; all quotations are as found in the letters).

As the population of the United States grew in the early nineteenth century, pressure began to build for more farm land in the southeast. President Andrew Jackson sought to relieve that pressure by removing the Five Civilized Tribes (the Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, and Seminole) from their tribal lands, which were situated on valuable farm land in Georgia, Tennessee, Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama. The "Great Father", as President Jackson was known to many of those tribes, needed to convince the Indians to peacefully move to new lands west of the Mississippi River. In an attempt to do that, the president sent General John Coffee, his old Tennessee friend, fellow soldier, and former business partner on several assignments, two which are recounted in this archive.

The first of Coffee's assignments included in this archive was his journey to Georgia to gather information on a Cherokee and Creek boundary dispute. According to an autograph letter signed by Coffee (a retained copy) to Georgia Governor John Forsyth, dated November 3, 1829, Coffee had instructions from Secretary of War John Eaton to "proceed to the Cherokee Nation and collect such testimony as I may be able to obtain relative to the boundary line between the lands of the Creek Nation and those of the Cherokees, and to forward the same to the Gov't to enable them to determine with more certainty on the true line between those nations wherein the State of Georgia has of late become interested, and between whom and the Cherokees there exists a difference of opinion, and a clashing of interest."

The result of Coffee's information gathering assignment might have been the two maps (included) along with one "Memo. of Indian Treaties - Treaties with the Cherokee Nation", ca. 1830. One map is labeled "Rough draft of the country in dispute", (15.5" x 12", n.d.) showing the northwest corner of Georgia, including the names of rivers (such as the Tennessee and the Chattahoochee), streams, towns, ferries, the "old federal road", and boundaries. The other map, labeled "Corrected sketch of Cherokee Country" shows the same region, but with greater detail. This second map labels the state lines of Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia, as well as Cherokee boundary lines (such as a "Line claimed by the Cherokees" and the "New York boundary with the Creeks in 1790"). Other boundary lines are also drawn on the map, but are unnamed. These lines are, however, described in the accompanying "Memo. of Indian Treaties". The memo also gives further boundary descriptions from eight previous Cherokee treaties, all dated from the Treaty of Fort Wilkinson of 1782 through the Treaty at the Creek Agency of 1818. Most of the details in the "Memo." can be found on the map.

After Coffee's assignment to Georgia, his reputation as an expert on the Five Civilized Tribes increased. In an autograph letter signed and dated September 8, 1831, Secretary of War Lewis Cass wrote Coffee that he would like "to receive . . . suggestions on the subject . . .[of] the management between the Cherokees and Choctaws, and indeed upon matter connected with the question of Indian emigration." As a result of his experience with Indians, Coffee and John Eaton, Jackson's first war secretary, were soon given a much more complicated assignment: to lead a delegation to negotiate with the Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians. "Under instructions from the President of the United Sates" the delegation, according to an August 21, 1832, letter, was to "confer and negotiate with the Chickasaw & Choctaw Indians", which they did from November 24th through December 19, 1831. More specifically, their mission was "to procure an arrangement, by which a sufficient portion of country could be assigned by the Choctaws for the use of the Chickasaws, out of the district allotted to the former west of the Mississippi" (letter dated January 12, 1832). This mission, however, failed because "circumstances independent of [their] control, seem to have combined to render the time an unpropitious one. And the absence of the principal Chiefs necessarily led to a postponement of the affair."

Despite the failure, President Jackson still had faith in his two delegates and extended the assignment. This confidence was communicated in a Secretary of War Cass letter signed and dated January 12, 1832, to both men (with transmittal envelope) giving the two delegates more control over the negotiations. In the letter, Cass writes that he is satisfied with their efforts and that "the President, who is very anxious, that this arrangement should be made, has instructed me to inform you, that he still relies upon your exertions for the accomplishment of the object. . . . He commits the subject to you. . . . You will therefore, take such measures, as you think expedient, in the performance of this duty. You will appoint the times and places for meeting the Indians, issue any necessary instructions to the Agents or other officers of the Department, and generally adopt that course, which seems to you most likely to attain the object."

Some of the "measures" they took were expensive, even though they tried to control their expenditures: "Economy in expenditure is desired - no wine - no cegars [sic] - no extravagance" (John Eaton Autograph Letter Signed "J. H. Eaton", October 12, 1830, to John Coffee). Expenditure invoices showing the costs incurred by the assignment are included in the archive. Three are "Duplicate" invoices issued for the trip (one dated December 6, 1831 includes the expense of "going express 320 miles after the Chief Col. Le Flore by order of Jno Coffee & Jno H. Eaton . . . $30"; another for $56.60, partly for "keeping 15 Chiefs & Horses two days while collecting & accompany commissioners to the Choctaw agency @ $1 a day", issued to Levi Colbert, a leader of the Chickasaws and dated December 10, 1831).

Another invoice (a retained copy signed by John Coffee and dated December 20, 1831) is headed with "The United States, in account Currant [sic] with John H. Eaton & John Coffee Commissioners appointed to confer, and negotiate, with the Chickasaw & Choctaw Nations of Indians". This invoice lists "expenses incurred in conducting the above mentioned business". Twelve individuals are listed with the amount paid them (John Eaton was paid $400.00; John Coffee $328.00).

During the negotiations for the removal of the Chickasaw Choctaw, some tribal members tried to influence its outcome through letters. In one deliberate letter addressed to Coffee and signed by sixteen members of the Chickasaw Nation, the tribe writes, "We have been informed that the Committee on the part of the Chickasaws have come to the conclusion To dispose of two thirds of their lands recovering the remaining third as a residence for the whole Chickasaw Nation. . . . There are so many reasons why such a course should not be adopted that we are surprised that they should have escaped the observation of the committee." They then fill three pages of "protest against the proceedings of the Committee". In another letter written and signed by Chickasaw tribal leader George W. Long, dated October 16, 1832, Long thanked Coffee for "the exertions you have made to secure a home to those of the Chickasaw people who may please to remain amongst the whites." He then asks Coffee to allow "That Those persons who may wish to remain, shall have the right of first entering land at a stipulator price, payable to the Chickasaw nation in five Annual installments."

Although Coffee and Eaton were not completely successful in their assignment with the southeastern tribes, President Jackson's zeal and promises eventually resulted in the removal of the Five Civilized Tribes west of the Mississippi River, though at a deadly price paid by the tribes along the Trail of Tears. John Coffee (1772-1833) and Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) became friends in Tennessee before 1800. Coffee quickly became Jackson's business partner, military associate, confidant, adviser, and fearless friend. When the War of 1812 started, Coffee served under Jackson in the Creek War and at the Battle of New Orleans. (During the Creek War, Coffee was promoted to brigadier general.) After the war, Coffee served as surveyor general of public lands in Alabama until his death in 1833. John Eaton (1790-1856) served as Jackson's secretary of war from March 1829 until his resignation in June 1831, following a scandal concerning his marriage to Margaret Timberlake Eaton. This archive also includes other documents, plus two images of General John Coffee's tombstone monument: one, a memorial pamphlet; the other, a cabinet card. Some letters have separations at some folds, along with occasional uneven toning and foxing, but overall, this important archive, which adds to our understanding of the complicated story of Indian removal, is in very good condition. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

Stand Watie Autograph Letter Signed, likely a retained draft, 2 pages, 8" x 10", "Washington City", April 15, 1840. To T. Hartly Crawford, Commissioner of Indian Affairs regarding debts owed by John Ross to individuals for services rendered. Watie writes from Washington, D.C., where he is currently seeking to get support from the U.S. Government for his party at a time when the Cherokee Nation was on the verge of civil war. Within his letter, he transmits a message from James Starr, a fellow signer of the New Echota Treaty.

In Watie's hand, Starr's message reads: "'When Capt. Page was in this County, he informed me that there were yet in the hands of the Govt. $100.00 of... [small loss of paper] Ross's funds, which they refused to pa[y] at the old agency. There are yet many persons to whom Mr. Ross is indebted for services rendered him in the removal of the detachment conducted by his agents. To Jesse Mayfield he is indebted beyond the amount payed him $13.800 - to George H. Starr $6.500 - Charles Ruse [?] $______ [left blank, likely to be added in a later draft] and many others have claims of a similar nature. Could you make arrangements with the Govt. by which those claims could be secured to the claimants out of the $100.00 due by the Govt. to Ross. I am confident he does not intend to pay them if he can avoid it, and if not paid the claimants must necessarily suffer. I believe the reason why he thus far refused to pay them the balance due is intirely [sic] owing to a difference in politicks [sic]."

The New Echota Treaty, signed in 1835, ceded all Indian lands in Georgia and required removal of all Indians to be re-settled west of the Mississippi. Watie and other signers and supporters of the Treaty had had moved their families west by 1837. John Ross and his supporters, who vehemently opposed leaving their lands, were forced to leave in 1838 by U.S. troops in what is now referred to as the "Trail of Tears". Opponents to the ceding of Indian lands viewed Watie's party as traitors, and soon turned to violence to exact their revenge. In 1839, the anti-Treaty party assassinated three leaders of the Treaty faction, all of whom were related to Watie. In a single day in June of 1839, Watie lost his brother Elias Boudinot, his uncle Major Ridge, and his cousin John Ridge. Watie had also been targeted, but was able to escape harm.

The Cherokee Nation was on the verge of a civil war, and Ross and his National Party went to Washington to seek the support of the U.S. Government. They would be turned away. This letter was drafted by Watie during his trip to Washington undertaken for the same purpose. Unlike Ross, his faction was successful in seeking audience and recognition. In this very poignant draft, Watie is seeking funds to be paid to parties that are still owed by Ross.

Watie's message to Crawford continues: "Of course I can know nothing of the funds referred to by Capt. Page But of the correctness of the statements of Mr. Starr in relation to the individual claims I entertain not the least doubt. And could any arrangements be made by which these claims might be satis[fied] I should think it would be evenhanded. The contract with Mr. Ross for the Cherokee Removal was so liberal in its provisions that his ability to satisfy all the persons whom he employed cannot be questioned..."

The pages have heavy wear and a complete separation at the top fold. There is a bit of paper loss along the right margin affecting about three words, although the content is not interrupted. Docketed on the verso of the integral page in Watie's hand: "Subject Claims / Mayfield & others." A second letter by Watie written on this same day, April 15, 1840, also addressed to Crawford appears in Cherokee Cavaliers, by Edward Everett Dale & Gaston Litton. The content is remarkably different, and lists debts of a larger scale and makes no mention of Ross. The content of the letter offered here is so markedly different that it is either a very early draft, or a retained copy of a second letter sent on the same day. Ex. Doris Harris.

Stand Watie Archive Related to the Removal of Cherokees from the State of Georgia. An archive of more than 20 documents from the years 1827-1860 of personal and official correspondences, court papers, and treaty related manuscripts, including a Stand Watie ADS and a John Ross ADS.

Although a previous treaty had awarded the Cherokee Nation land in Georgia, the demand for land by white settlers brought many problems for Indians and the courts of the State of Georgia repeatedly refused to protect the interests of Indians who brought cases before them. A faction grew within the Cherokee Nation that believed that the only way they could hope to retain their wealth and rights was by ceding all lands belonging to the Cherokee and settling out west. This faction (which included Watie and his extended family), although representative of only a minority of the Cherokee, negotiated and signed what became known as the New Echota Treaty of 1835. Despite opposition by the rest of the Cherokee Nation, the Treaty was ratified by the U.S. Government, and thus began a period of unrest among the Cherokee that would continue until 1845.

Included in this archive are letters and documents regarding the struggles within the Cherokee Nation that provide insight into the issues as experienced by Watie and his family who were members of the Treaty Party. John Ross would become the leader of the majority group and his faction is referred to as the "Ross Party" within the context of this archive. Our research revealed that it was difficult to write about these documents in an objective manner. Both printed books (however scholarly in nature) and information online were equally unsuccessful in presenting information without giving evidence of the writer's opinion on the righteousness of either Watie or Ross. Therefore, what we list below is what we hope to be an accurate accounting of the materials contained, and the relevance to the events at hand.

[Stand Watie] Harriet Boudinot Autograph Letter Signed, 2 pages, "Cornwall", March 21, no year. With integral address cover addressed to Stand Watie, New Echota, Cherokee Nation, Georgia. Sending family news and greetings as well as expressing her views about current negotiations with the state of Georgia. In part: "... we cannot expect those who are ignorant & have never enjoyed the advantages of education to come forward themselves & rise to respectability... We cannot stand on mutual ground, but while we live, are obliged to act on one side or the other, and our influence, whether good or bad will be felt, perhaps for ages to come... " Although undated, the letter is likely written in the mid 1830s at around the time the signing of the 1835 Treaty ceding Indian lands to the state of Georgia. Harriet's words eerily predict the division that would later occur between supporters of the Treaty and those that objected. Light dampstaining and separations at folds.

Two Slave Receipts. 1) A receipt for $12 dollars for payment made by Elias Boudinot "in part payment for the hire of a negro man... for one year commencing March 1, 1832". Heavy wear and some soiling, but intact. Elias Boudinot was the brother of Stand Watie, and would be killed by supporters of John Ross in 1839. 2) A Receipt for $750 for full payment "for a negro man named Andy" issued to Andrew M. Varn, dated May 18, 1841. Complete separations have been repaired with cello resulting in heavy staining forming a T. Otherwise ink is bold and completely legible.

John Ross Autograph Document Signed in full, one page, 8" x 4.25", Philadelphia, April 8, 1836. Directing Joshua Barker to "let bearer Mr. Jas. E. Lake have the amt of money collected from Joseph Eastburn". Slight dampstaining along left margin, otherwise near fine.

Cherokee Treaty of 1846. Draft Agreement, 2 pages, 8" x 10", undated but likely circa 1846, in an unknown hand, stating that the undersigned (no signatures present) will abide to the terms dictated by the Treaty as to be settled by the President of the United States. In part:
"The undersigned delegation from the Cherokee people now in the city of Washington and representing what are called and known by the designation of Government, Treaty & Settler Parties, being Sincerely desirous of [fo]rever removing all Just cause of complaint of Securing Public harmony, and individual Safety and of restoring peace harmony and a good understanding among the whole Cherokee People, and fully confiding in the Justice, Wisdom and impartiality of the President of the united States as well as in his disposition to aid us in effecting those results, do hearby[sic] agree to Submit all matters in controversy among the Several Parties of the Cherokee People so represented by us to any three persons selected and named by the President to be Settled by Them on Principles of Equity, Justice and right and do hearby [sic]bind ourselves for and on behalf of ourselves and those we represent to abide the award which may be made by such persons and sign to sign Seal and execute such treaty or other instrument of agreement as may be deemed necessary to insure the carrying out of such award, Provided the same also be signed by the President and such other persons as may be [req]uisite to bind the United States In Testamony [sic]whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals." Heavy dampstaining, and a few areas of paper loss affecting 4-6. This is likely a working draft of the agreement created binding the Old Settlers and the Treaty Party (of which Watie was a member) parties to the Cherokee Treaty of 1846 that served to settle the violent hostilities that plagued the Cherokee as a result of the resettlement out west. The faction led by John Ross was also present in Washington to make their case before the President. The resulting treaty was signed by all factions, including Stand Watie and John Ross, on August 6, 1846. This treaty decreed that the lands in the Cherokee Nation were for the use of all Cherokees, provided for the adjudication of all Cherokee Claims as well as the adjustment of other unsettled matters, and provided amnesty to fugitives accused of wrongdoing during the previous years of warring (1839-1844).

[Stand Watie] Robert Armstrong Autograph Letter Signed, three pages, 8" x 9.75", Beaties Prairie, Ark, May 22, 1846, addressed to "Colonel Stand Watie / Treaty Delegation. C. Nation / Washington D.C." Great content letter sending news of a "secret meeting... held on Spring Creek at the house of Sundays about 500 persons... from every district of the Nation. Great commotion exists among the Ross party. What the result of the meeting no one here knows but it will leak out ... Judge Mc[illeg.] his Eldest son& old James McDaniels have been compelled to leave their homes as their lives were threatened by the ross Party... " Additional news about the kidnapping of a few young women "by the party and kept as prisoners for about two hours". Addressed cover on the integral page also includes an attestation of the contents of the letter signed by 6 men including David Bell and S.W. Bell, both from Watie's clan. This letter was received by Watie during his stay in Washington during negotiations for the Cherokee Treaty of 1846. A few areas of light dampstaining, but otherwise near fine. An important documentation of the ongoing strife within the Cherokee Nation.

[John Ross Party] Financial Statement of Losses Sustained Through Theft and Destruction, 1839-1844. One page, 7.5" x 12.5", no date, no place. Itemized listing of "damages sustained from the Ross party". Total amount of claim is $1620, and notes the "thieves being tried and convicted". Light dampstaining, otherwise bold ink and very good.

Willson Cordry Statement and Claim filed against the United States for the loss of house, land and property "abandoned in the year 1845" in the amount of $141.62. Sworn before and signed by John Thompson Adair as judge in the Superior Court of the Cherokee Nation on December 17, 1846. Cordry has signed with his mark. On the verso is a signed statement by Warren Miller (signed with his mark) confirming the Cordry's claim. With a docket noting this as claim number 42. This claim was filed and settled under the terms of the Cherokee Treaty of 1846, as Cordry was likely forced to leave his home under duress suffered at the hands of the Ross party.

John Watie Document Signed, one page, 8" x 7", "Beaties Prairie, C Nation", August 24, 1846. A pay order for $96.25 "for the clothing and other articles received for the use of the men under my command." John Watie signs at bottom adding his rank as "Capt commanding". Dampstaining, and paper loss affecting two words.

Stand Watie Autograph Document Signed in full, one page, 7.5" x 9", Honey Creek Cherokee Nation, Jan. 1, 1850. A listing of good "For Sale cheap for cash" including millstones, bolting cloth, and assorted sundries. With various notations and figures at bottom and on verso, this was likely a piece of scrap paper that was used several times with different purposes. Significant paper loss at margins, affecting several words. Watie's signature is intact, although affected by dampstaining which appears throughout.

[Stand Watie] Certification by the Superintendents and Clerks of the Delaware District of the Cherokee Nation that Stand Watie has been elected as a member of the National Council at the next annual session in October. One page, 8" x 12.5", Delaware District, Oklahoma, august 2, 1853. Signed by 16 individuals, and docketed on verso as being "Stand Watie's Certificate". Very fragile with separations at folds and a few pinholes at top.

Although not originally a part of this archive, the following documents are included and provide a backdrop against which the conflict between the different Cherokee factions occurred:
George M. Troup Document Signed as governor of Georgia, 2 pages, 8" x 10", June 18, 1827. Issued to William N. Brimer, a land grant for 202 and a half acres of "the land acquired of the Creek Nation of Indians by a Treaty." Together with the survey of land granted and State of Georgia wax seal. A few repairs on verso to separations at folds, soiling and toning.
Wilson Lumpkin Document Signed as governor of Georgia, 2 pages, 8" x 10", December 12, 1832. Issued to Joseph E. Akridge, a land grant for 40 acres of "the Gold Region in the Lands at present in the occupancy of the Cherokee Indians..." Repaired folds, with a bit of paper loss, with State of Georgia wax seal present and the survey of lands granted.
Surveyor's Plat for 160 Acres Drawn in Cherokee Land Lottery awarded to George Perdell. One page, 8" x 10", June 30, 1832. Toned, a few instances of separations at folds, and small amounts of paper loss due to chipping, most notably at the lower margin.
William Lambert Autograph Letters Signed, 2 pages, 8" x 10", Washington, Jan. 17, 1833, to Thomas Green of Richmond, Virginia. Excellent content regarding Congress during the Cherokee Indians Appeal to Georgia's land claims. In small part: "... I think it will pass both Houses if time will permit. Mr. [Henry] Clay is not opposed to giving more land... he will vote for the present bill... You will see by the papers the interesting Documents and speech of Mr [John] Calhoun; what will the State right Jackson-Van Buren men say to the message..." Near fine condition, save a small amount of paper loss to the integral cover.
Letter from the Secretary of War transmitting the information required by a resolution of the House of Representatives of the 2d instant, in relation to the Cherokee Indians east of the Mississippi. 13pp. 8vo. Printed by Thomas Allen. In period wraps with printed title "Sec'y of War Letter on Cherokees / January 9, 1838" on top wrap. Pristine condition.

For a listing of additional items in this archive please go to HA.com/6031-31021. We strongly recommend that all interested bidders examine the archive carefully for content and condition. Ex. Doris Harris.

[Stand Watie] Post-Civil War Archive of Documents Related to Stand Watie and Family including personal letters, receipts, and allotment certificates dated as early as 1869. After the Civil War, Watie and his family settled in Oklahoma. After Watie and the southern Cherokees were defeated by John Ross and his northern leaders, Watie turned his efforts to rebuilding his family wealth. Unfortunately, he was well past his prime and weakened by years of warfare and hard frontier living. He would die in 1870. The majority of the papers contained mark the progress made by his direct descendants and tell the story of their years in Oklahoma. A total of 15 documents and three color photographs. The photographs were likely taken by Doris Harris at the time she acquired this group from Mrs. O.A. Cox, who was a direct descendant of Stand Watie. For a complete and detailed listing of all of the manuscripts please go to HA.com/6031-31022.

[Joseph Smith] Two Mid-19th Century Letters with Mormon Content. Autograph Letter Signed "J.H. Sherman", 2 pages, 7.5" x 12.25", Carthage, Nov. 19, 1847. With attached integral page containing the address panel and round postal stamp: "Carthage Ill, Nov 20". Addressed to Smith Tuttle of New Haven, Sherman regarding the payment of taxes for Mormon owned properties. In small part: "...You will find a number of Blocks missing in Jos. Smith's Add, to Nauvoo, which you have heretofore paid on..." Earlier in the letter Sherman relates news of Hiram Kimball's departure, and references Alexander White and a Mr. Hotchkiss, both of whom played a role in the settling of Nauvoo. With a few ink smudges and mail folds, otherwise very clean and in near fine condition. From the collection of Guy Prescott, as evidenced by his small rubber stamp just right of the address panel.

Together with an Autograph Letter Signed "Jno Wm Coward", 4 pages, 8" x 9.75", "15 Wilton Street Liverpool / 5 June 1854". Coward, a member of the Mormon Church, writes to an American in very small part: "...I have been preaching our principles and calling on all people to repent & obey the doctrines we teach as taught by our Saviour and receive the Spirit of Revelation, thereby, which is the Testimony of Jesus (see Revelations 19 Chap 10 Verse) and know for themselves what the teachings of the Spirit are, then they will depart to the place God has appointed for the gathering of his people, while his destruction are being poured out on great Babylon, which is christendom which he has foretold he will destroy, and again in these last days raised up his Phrophet [sic] Joseph which your so called wise countrymen have destroyed... he has hid his work from them all but a humble few, and the time is near at hand that he will destroy your Nation..." Much more excellent content and in near fine condition. Joseph Smith was killed while in custody in a Carthage jail in 1844, by which point the Mormon Church was already firmly established. The first Mormon missionaries arrived in England as early as 1837, and soon British converts would begin emigrating to Mormon settlements in the American west. This 1854 letter evidences their continued presence and success in their missionary work overseas.

Brigham Young Document Signed "Brigham Young/ Governor". One page, 7.5" x 10", May 29, 1854, "Executive Dept. Utah Territory/ Great Salt Lake City". This letter is written by the early Mormon leader to a job applicant seeking an appointment as "Commissioner for Utah [Territory]" in Boston. Governor Young informs the applicant that the position has already been filled. In part: "In reply to your request to be appointed Commissioner for Utah in the City of Boston. I have to inform you that George T. Angell, Esq. of your city, already holds an appointment to act in that office, but should business of that nature so increase as to make it of any particular benefit to you to receive a like commission, I have placed your letter on file, subject to future consideration." Commissioner George T. Angell, in his early twenties at the time, would later be known as an early promoter of animal rights. Docketing on verso. The name of the recipient, above the greeting, has been carefully excised, leaving him unknown. Paper has been affixed on the verso to fill the void. Brigham Young (1801-1877) served as the president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and was the founder of Salt Lake City. He was also the first governor of the Utah Territory. He boldly signs this document, which is in near fine condition.

Michigan Railroads: "Traverse District Government Plats and Department G. R & I. R. R." Book (Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad Company), 9.5" x 11.25", partly printed, with near 150 linen pages of township diagrams for the Traverse District of northern Michigan, with dates from the second half of the eighteenth century, many dealing with Michigan Indians.

Formed in 1854, the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad was, at its apex, an important link carrying freight and passengers from the Straits of Mackinac, Michigan, to Cincinnati, Ohio. It was eventually incorporated into the Pennsylvania Railroad. Each diagram in the book contains one township (thirty-six square miles), which is divided into 36 sections (each one square mile), which are further divided into sixteen 640 acre lots. At the tops of each diagram are listed the specific township number, range, and meridian. In the bottom right corner of most diagrams is the handwritten date of that particular township's last survey. Notes are included within the diagrams containing information on the ownership of sections and lots. At the bottom of each page are six blank lines which were used for handwritten notes concerning the diagram. Some notes simply read, "The vacant lands withdrawn from sale by order of the President April 14, 1844". Some diagrams show townships, sections, and lots assigned to Michigan Indian tribes. Throughout, "X"s are used to delineate "selections made by Indians under Treaty July 31, 1855". Some whole townships are noted as "reserved for Indian purposes by order of the President May 14 '55." For example, notes for the township located at the tip of Burt Lake, thirty miles south of the Straits of Mackinac, read, "Township reserved under Treaty of 30 July 1855, for Cheboygan Band of Indians. Ms. To R. & R. Apl 24 '56". Many whole sections are delineated for railroad ownership.

The book contains two fold-out maps, 8.5" x 13", each showing a township mostly surrounded by water. At the tops of most diagrams are printed, "These Diagrams can be obtained of H. J. Frost, Land Agent, Washington D.C." All diagram are laid on linen pages. Full calf binding designs in gilt to covers; raised bands to spine. This book, worthy of much further research, is in near fine condition.

Little Schuylkill Navigation, Railroad and Coal Company of Pennsylvania Land Deed Book. 9" x 13", with over 200 pages of handwritten entries of deeds, patents, letters of attorney, mortgages, deed polls, and declarations of trust, dating from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Founded by Friedrich List and Isaac Hiester in 1826 to build canals to link coal fields, the Little Schuylkill N. R. R. & C. Company expanded its operations in 1831 by opening a twenty mile railroad connecting Tamaqua and Port Clinton in eastern Pennsylvania. Much later, in the 1860s, the company was purchased by the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. This deed book of the very early railroad company is comprised of two parts.

Part one contains an index of both grantors and grantees, plus near 160 pages of land records, some involving important Pennsylvanians, such as Benjamin Franklin (as president of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, originally dated August 1786); Pennsylvania Governor Thomas Mifflin (as the first governor, originally dated 1794); Charles Albrecht, "musical Instrument maker"; Thomas McKean (a signer of the Declaration of Independence as the second governor of Pennsylvania, originally dated 1800); Thomas Biddle (hero of the War of 1812 and brother of Second Bank of the United States President Nicholas Biddle). An entry on page forty-seven, originally dated 1786, contains land payment in "Spanish Silver milled Dollars": "John Rheiner . . . standeth bound unto the said George William Steinhauer in the sum of Two thousand six hundred and sixty six Spanish Silver milled Dollars . . . each Dollar weighing at least seventeen penny weights and six grains of fine Silver". On a preliminary blank page is written in pencil in part, "Little Schylkill [sic] N.R.R. & C. Company Deed Book".

Part two, near fifty pages, is headed with "Schedule of Land papers in the Office of the Little Schuylkill Navigation Rail Road and Coal Company. January 17th, 1834". On the cover of the deed book is printed. "Little Schuylkill N.R.R. & C./ Company/ Deed Book". Printed on the spine is "Deed Book &c./ L.S.N.R.R. & C. Co." Handwritten on the spine is "Schedule of Deeds etc. made January 17th, 1834". All pages are lined; many blank pages in the center of the book. The suede binding is worn, with some tears to the suede; with leather title labels and gilt lettering on cover and spine. Marbled endpapers. Overall fine condition.

Hawaii: Malvina Rowell's Missionary Travel Journal, 1842, signed, "Your affectionate sister/ Malvina J. Rowell", [24pp], 8" x 10", narrating half of Rowell's missionary journey, along with her husband missionary George B. Rowell, from Boston to Hawaii. The New Hampshire couple, newly married, left Boston Harbor on April 28, 1842, aboard the Sarah Abigail to live in Hawaii as Christian missionaries. Malvina's journal begins on July 14, 1842, as the ship approaches Cape Horn from the northeast. (After the date of most entries, Malvina helpfully includes the geographical coordinates of their location; for example, the July 14 entry also records "Lat. 51 S. Longi. 63 W.", making it simple to follow their progress through the Pacific Ocean from Cape Horn to Hawaii.) The journal ends a few days after arriving at Hawaii in October 1842. Throughout, Malvina describes the sights she sees: white-capped South American mountains, beautiful (and dangerous) weather, constellations viewed at nighttime along the equator. Of particular interest to the young missionary were the strange birds and water creatures: "We have seen many different kinds of birds since we crossed the equator. The café pigeon is the most abundant now. . . . We were all aroused by the cry of 'a whale alongside', it was a dark, cloudy evening, but we could see it spout and distinguish enough of its outlines to see that it was a huge fish perhaps 40 or 50 feet long. It followed the vessel about 15 minutes and then sailed off." On another day, the ship's crew attempted to catch a shark, which eventually escaped. Malvina also describes harbor towns visited, including descriptions of the architecture; she also records accounts of Catholic and Protestant Church services in South America ("There were no seats but the worshippers were sitting or kneeling on small mats on the naked floor, which I believe was stone. . . . They prayed for Queen Victoria and the other members of the royal family.")

As they arrived at the equator in the Pacific Ocean southeast of Hawaii in September 1842, Malvina asked, "Can it be that I am so far from my home & native shores? O I know that it must be so when I look back on the long time that has elapsed since we were launched upon the mighty deep. It is eighteen weeks today since Boston faded from our view." Finally, she recorded her first sightings of the "land of Hawaii . . . by moonlight." When they went ashore at Honolulu on the island of Oahu, "most of the brethren and sisters at the station were assembled", but the congregation they found at the Wai'oli mission was unorganized and met in an older, crumbling building. The couple spent over two decades at the mission, rebuilding the mission and converting the inhabitants, who referred to Malvina as Mother Rowell. She died in California 1901.

Also included is the December 1844 issue of the Dayspring, a monthly missionary newspaper published by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. The journal, which is bound by string, was at one time stitched inside the Dayspring, as can be seen from the newspaper's stitch-holes along its center horizontal fold. The newspaper is foxed. The journal, on lined paper, is toned and lightly soiled on the front and back covers. Near fine condition.

Nineteenth Century Autograph Book Signed by Statesmen, Missionaries, and Other Notables, 7" x 9". This impressive collection contains the autographs of statesmen such as Millard Fillmore, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Horace Greeley, James Garfield, Nathaniel P. Banks, Jefferson Davis, and many more. Signatures by notables and missionaries include Samuel F. B. Morse, Henry Ward Beecher, William Nast, Robert M. Mateer, Edwin E. Bliss, W. F. Williams, G. W. Coan, George T. Washington, Charles S. Robinson, Nathaniel West, and more. Some signatures are cut and affixed to book leaves; others are part of letters, which are also affixed to book leaves. Some signatures are signed directly on the leaves of the autograph book. Also included is a 3" conifer twig with needles from the grave of Patrick Henry with a note of provenance signed by the son of Patrick Henry, Edward Henry, dated November 1860. The autograph book has original gilt-stamped boards. Front free endpaper is unbound. Partially perished spine. Fair condition.

[Samuel Adams] 1796 Broadside: Commonwealth of Massachusetts Resolve of the General Court for the Choice of Federal Electors. One page, 13.5" x 17.5", June 4, 1796, Massachusetts. This important early American election broadside set November 7 as the day for the election of "one Elector of President and Vice-President".

The first paragraph reads as printed: "In SENATE, June 4, 1796. Resolved, that the Selectmen of the several Towns and Districts, and the Assessors of the unincorporated Plantations in this Commonwealth, in the fourteen Districts, described in an Act intitled, 'An Act for dividing the Commonwealth 'into districts; for the Choice of Representatives, in the Congress of the United ' States, and prescribing the Mode of Election;' shall, in Manner the Law directs for calling Town Meetings, cause the Inhabitants thereof, duly qualified to vote for Representatives to the General Court of this Commonwealth, to assemble on Monday, the seventh Day of November next, to give in their Votes to the Selectmen, or Assessors, who shall preside at said Meeting, for one Elector of President and Vice-President of the United States, in each of said fourteen Districts, not being a Senator or Representative in the Congress of the United States, or Person holding any Office of Trust or Profit under said United States." The broadside contains four additional paragraphs also concerning the selection of electors.

Signed in type by Samuel Phillips, president of the Massachusetts Senate; Edward H. Robbins, Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives; Samuel Adams [Massachusetts governor]; and John Avery, Secretary of State. Published by "Young and Minns, Printers to the State." Copies located at the Library of Congress and Boston Public Library. With tape repairs to fold separations made on verso. Toned with foxing. A few nicks and chips along edges. Near fine.

Fisher Ames Autograph Letter Signed with Jefferson and Burr Political Content. Four integral pages, written on pages one through three and addressed on page four, 7.25" x 9", February 16, 1801, Dedham [Massachusetts]. Addressed to Congressman John Rutledge Jr. in Washington, Ames writes regarding the impasse between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr when both men received the same number of electoral votes in the 1800 presidential election. Ames, an ardent Federalist, was torn between supporting either candidate, "I am almost ashamed to own how often and how much I have fluctuated in opinion between Jeff[erson] and Burr." Ames continues, "But lately I decided, as I think Mr. Cabot has, and as my better interests pretty clearly that if Jeff[erson] will not and Burr will promise to spare what ought not be destroyed, that Burr is to be preferred. This, I understand, is the case and B[urr] will work like a silk worm to effect his own escalation." Even toning, some chipping, and weakness at the folds, else fine. Very interesting.

Circular: "Look you here! REPUBLICANS!" One page, 6.5" x 8", April 1813, n.p., though likely New York. Signed in print by "a Republican of '93" and printed less than ten months after the start of the War of 1812, this circular is addressed to John Nicholas. In part: "As John Nicholas, Esquire, has been so obliging as to favor the Republican party in this county with his own undivided assistance and direction, and has very modestly added a tolerable long biographical account of himself to his other laconic morsels, I feel anxious that he should superadd to his former hard labors, unequivocal Answers to a few pertinent Questions." Seven questions follow concerning DeWitt Clinton (the Federalist Party's presidential nominee in 1812); a whiskey tax of "25 Cents on the gallon"; and the Quid Council. With some lightly uneven toning; near fine.

Benjamin Franklin Land Grant Signed "B. Franklin" as president of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. One vellum page, 15.5" x 13.5", January 30, 1787, Pennsylvania, granting David Nies "a Certain Tract of Land called 'Niesburg'", beginning, "The Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania To all to whom these presents shall Come Greeting."

After spending nine very successful years in France as commissioner for the United States, Ben Franklin returned to America in 1785 and was revered second only to George Washington as a great champion of American independence. For the next three years, Franklin served as the president of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. Four months after signing this document, Franklin became a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, where he held an honorific position and seldom engaged in debate. However, when delegates became heated over the issue of proportional representation, Benjamin Franklin urged coolness. As the eldest delegate at the Convention, Franklin acted on several occasions to restore harmony between delegates, with the ultimate result being the creation of the Constitution of the United States. The Convention was one of the key events in the history of the United States and Franklin remains the only man to become a signatory on all four of the major documents concerning the founding of the United States: the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Paris, the Treaty of Alliance with France, and the United States Constitution.

This document contains a large star-shaped embossed paper seal above Franklin's signature. Countersigned by "James Trimble/ for John Armstrong". Blind embossed paper seal rests beside docketing on verso. Two small holes where folds intersect. Some foxing and light soiling (more heavy soiling on verso); near fine condition.

[John McLean] Archive of Six Letters from Joseph Taylor, with Mrs. Taylor's calling card. All letters contain political content dating between 1829 and 1839 and are docketed by Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean. Taylor, the brother of Zachary Taylor and son-in-law of McLean, was a well-informed political insider during the Jackson and Van Buren administrations. Much of the content of these letters is political, including news that McLean and "Mr. [John C.] Cal[houn] had joined fortunes . . . [and] produced shivering among the Clay men" (an 1830 letter). Taylor also speculates about the machinations of the Democratic party "in the event of the President [Andrew Jackson] not being a candidate for reelection" (1830). In other political news, "I had lunch with Mr. Calhoun in Richmond who was very anxious to know when you would set out for Washington, and appeared anxious you should get on as soon as possible. He was in fine spirits" (1829). After a visit with two former presidents, Taylor reports, "I was delighted with my visit to Mr. [James] Madison & Colonel [James] Monroe and at the same time, I could not but feel melancholy to see them so infirm and rapidly declining" (1829). Some of the other names that appear in Taylor's letters: William J. Worth, Robert T. Lytle, Jesse B. Thomas, and Martin Van Buren. In local Cincinnati news (home of the McLean's), Taylor reports to McLean, who is away in "Washington City", about an argument between two Cincinnati gentlemen; one took offence at the other and attacked him "with a stick and dirk". Taylor describes the aftermath in an 1830 letter.

The archive also contain personal information, including mention of the loss of John McLean's son, Willy (1829); the McLean farm; and a New Orleans' yellow fever epidemic. Joseph Pannell Taylor (1796-1864) married Evelyn McLean, the daughter of John McLean. A veteran of the War of 1812 and the Mexican War, Taylor was a colonel in the U.S. Army at the outbreak of the Civil War. Evelyn McLean Taylor's calling card (3.5" x 2") is included and reads, "Mrs. Col. Taylor/ At home/ Tuesday February 15th at 2 o'clock. St. Paul St." Some discoloration around lower edges. Overall, the archive is in fine condition.

[John McLean] Archive of Fifteen Letters by Dr. Joshua H. Hayward to Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean, containing political and personal content and dating from 1830 through 1856, the year Dr. Hayward died. Joshua Hayward (1797-1856) was introduced to Associate Justice John McLean in 1830 by Congressman Edward Everett of Massachusetts. An 1821 graduate of Harvard with an M.D., Hayward, came from a respected and wealthy Massachusetts family. He gained a reputation in the region as a talented artist. In his first letter to Justice McLean, dated May 5, 1830, Hayward asks to marry McLean's daughter, Sarah: "You are aware of my acquaintance with your daughter Sarah; it has become my duty to inform you, that acquaintance has grown into an esteem which I have reason to believe is mutual. I have proposed for her to become my wife, & that proposal has been received in a manner not to be misunderstood. I have only to ask your consent, as I have already obtained that of your lady." The two were married and Hayward subsequently wrote McLean often, especially during the 1831 presidential election when McLean had his own presidential aspirations.

This archive contains four letters from the 1831 election year in which Hayward speculates about McLean's presidential chances, including speculation about a McLean-Webster ticket and the chances of candidate Henry Clay winning New England's support. One letter dated December 29, 1830, contains a December 11, 1830, Essex Gazette newspaper article, referenced in the letter, which surmises that "if General Jackson should determine to withdraw, his influence, it is supposed, will be given to Mr. M'Lean, who may be run as candidate for the Presidency, with Mr. Van Buren as Vice President, which it is presumed will be a very formidable ticket. . . . We should rejoice to see Judge M'Lean fairly before the people of the United States, as a candidate for the Presidency. He would most assuredly be elected." Another letter, dated September 27, 1831, gives Hayward's impression that McLean would be the Anti-Masonic Party's nominee (the party's national convention was being held in Baltimore from September 26-28): "It seems to be the general impression here that you are to be their [Anti-Masonic Party] candidate for the Presidency." Hayward's impression was wrong; William Wirt received the party's nomination. In another noteworthy letter dated June 27, 1831, Hayward mentions the "singular quarrel between [John] Eaton & [Samuel] Inghem [sic]", a reference to the Petticoat Affair involving President Jackson and his cabinet over the marriage of John Eaton to Margaret O'Neale. Treasury Secretary Ingham had resigned his post on the cabinet seven days before this letter was written as a result of the scandal.

In other letters, Hayward mentions John Quincy Adams' funeral (1848), "the disastrous effects of Pres. Polk's War [the Mexican War]" (1848), and an 1840 request to McLean to "ask Gen. Harrison" for an appointment as a naval officer since "I feel no longer any spirit for painting." The letters contain an abundance of political information, as well as insight into the lives of Associate Justice McLean and Dr. Hayward. The lot also includes two letters from McLean's grandchildren. Some letters have small amounts of missing text due to original opening tears. All are easy to read with the occasional light staining; fine condition overall.

[John McLean] Archive of Six Letters, with other items. Containing impressive signatures and historically noteworthy content, this archive spans twenty-five years (1830-1855).
(1) "N. Hale"Autograph Letter Signed. One page, February 17, 1830, Boston, to "My Dear [Edward] Everett" introducing "Joshua Hayward M.D." of Boston. Some foxing; very good.
(2) Edward Everett Autograph Letter Signed "E. Everett". Three pages, May 30, 1830, Washington. This letter introduces to the newly appointed Associate Justice McLean Boston resident Dr. Joshua Hayward, who would later become McLean's devoted son-in-law. The letter goes into great detail about Dr. Hayward. Edward Everett, serving as a U.S. Congressman from Massachusetts when this letter was written, later delivered a two hour speech at Gettysburg just before President Lincoln's much shorter "Gettysburg Address". Some foxing; very good.
(3) John McLean Autograph Letter Signed "J", his retained copy entirely in his hand. Two pages, January 7, 1840, Washington, to Secretary of War Joel R. Poinsett on the behalf of a "female friend" and her husband who are in "distress for the means of support". With McLean's docketing on verso. Fine.
(4) Charles Sumner Autograph Letter Signed, docketed on verso by Justice McLean. Two and one-half pages, July 9, 1846, Boston. This is a letter of introduction for "Professor Lieber" to Justice McLean. In part: "Believing that you will be happy to know & welcome a true friend of Judge Story - who loved you so well - I venture to make myself the medium of introduction. Let me introduce to you Professor Lieber, now of Columbia, S.C." Slight discoloration; very good.
(5) Emma Willard Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages, December 9, 1853, Troy [New York], thanking John McLean who "awakened my mind to the immediate danger of the country from disunion and in nothing did this more appear than in that address of Calhoun when he said that disunion had already began - by the disruption of religious ties". The letter contains more comments by Ms. Willard, a noted women's rights activist, on Senator John C. Calhoun. Docketed on verso by John McLean, "To be kept for future use". Fine.
(6) James Grant Autograph Letter Signed. One page, July 9, 1855, Davenport, on "Spier Whitaker & James Grant" letterhead notifying Judge McLean about a land dispute. Attorney Grant, who attended Iowa's initial constitutional convention in 1844, became one of the most well-known and wealthy lawyers in the nation. Fine.

Also included: Charles Hayward Document Signed, retained copy docketed on verso by Justice McLean. Three pages, February 14, 1849, Suffolk County [New York], recommending that "Joshua Hayward as a suitable person to be appointed Post Master for the City of Boston". With ribboned notary seal; very good; Ten Calling Cards: 8 of "Miss McLean"; 1 of "Mr. & Mrs. Reverdy Johnson"; 1 of "Madme Calderon de la Barca" (with handwritten information: "For Judge & Mrs. McLean/ at Home on Saturday Mornings/ Wednesday Evgs until [?]/ 3rd of Febry"). Very good.

[John McLean] Nathaniel McLean Archive of Thirty-Two Letters and One Document, Dated 1835-1859, containing notable political and personal information regarding Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean. Twenty-two letters in this archive, plus one telegraph, are written to U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean by his son, Nathaniel McLean; all are docketed by the associate justice. (Also includes one business document written by the junior McLean to the elder.) These letters are dated from 1835 through 1854. Young McLean writes his first two letters (dated 1835 and 1836) from Cambridge, Massachusetts, while attending Harvard. Most of the letters were written in the late 1840s. The letters contain content regarding the McLean farm, politics, Indian activity in Minnesota, business and tax topics, cholera epidemics, and many personal subjects. In one of McLean's Cambridge letters, he quotes Davy Crockett to Justice McLean in a letter written in 1835, shortly before Crockett journeyed to Texas. In another letter dated June 1852, McLean correctly predicts that "Genl [Franklin] Pierce of N. Hampshire" would be the next president.

Also included in the archive are nine letters, all dated 1859, Nathaniel McLean wrote to his second wife, Louisa ("my dear little wife"), while he was arguing a case before Judge Thomas Drummond in Chicago. (Throughout the 1850s, Drummond, judge of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois in Chicago, had presided over several trials argued by Springfield attorney Abraham Lincoln.) These letters provide interesting personal information on Nathaniel and Louisa McLean.

After attending Harvard, Nathaniel McLean (1815-1905) practiced law. When the Civil War began, he became a colonel in an Ohio infantry regiment. He saw action in the 1862 Shenandoah Valley Campaign against Stonewall Jackson, at the Second Bull Run, at Chancellorsville, and with William T. Sherman during the Carolina Campaign. This archive has been well cared for and is in fine condition. Please go to HA.com/6031-48002 to read selected transcripts from this archive.

[George Washington] Broadside of the Second Militia Act of 1792: An Act more effectually to provide for the National Defence by establishing an Uniform Militia throughout the United States. One page, 11" x 15", Philadelphia, "Approved, May eighth, 1792." Printed by Francis Bailey.

The first Act (passed on May 2, 1792) empowered the President to call on state militias "whenever the United States shall be invaded, or be in imminent danger of invasion from any foreign nation or Indian tribe." The militias could also be called into Federal service "whenever the laws of the United States shall be opposed or the execution thereof obstructed, in any state, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals by this act."

The second Act, offered here, provided for the organization of said state militias and conscripted "each and every free able-bodied white citizen of the respective states, resident therein, who is or shall be of the age of eighteen years, and under the age of forty-five years." The law required that the men arm themselves at their own expense and detailed the specific equipment necessary. Sec. II of the Act listed all exemptions to conscriptions including members of all branches of government, customs house officers, post masters, ferrymen, and others. The organizations of divisions are carefully outlined in great detail, including the number of musicians.

Shay's Rebellion in 1787 heightened awareness that the young nation was ill-prepared to enforce its laws and quell internal unrest. The Militia Acts of 1792 sought to amend this weakness. In 1791 Congress imposed an excise on distilled and unrest began to brew in the frontier districts. It is likely that this unrest further impressed the need for these Acts. When frontier unrest exploded into the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794, Washington was able to invoke the Militia Acts summoning the militias of several states to support federal forces and quickly dispel any threat.

Signed in type by George Washington as President, Jonathan Trumbull as Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Richard Henry Lee, as President pro tempore of the Senate. Gently toned with a few spots of dampstaining, and a bit of creasing. A similar printing is listed as Evans 24899, but that item calls for 3 pages and cites a different printer.

George Washington and Thomas Jefferson Signatures excised from a presidential document, 6" x 3", [ca. 1763], n.p. President Washington has signed "Go: Washington" in large letters above "By the President". Below, Jefferson has signed "Th: Jefferson". "Countersigned" has been written in another hand next to Jefferson's signature.

Affixed by seal wax along the left margin is a remnant, likely excised from another document, which reads, ". . . jour de May 1794". This is most likely not the date that this document was signed because Jefferson only served as the nation's first secretary of state from March 1790 through December of 1793. Afterwards, he returned to Monticello to enjoy life, at least for a few years, as a planter. So in May 1794, while Washington was serving his fifth year as president, Jefferson was in Virginia, no longer a direct participant in Washington's administration.

The signatures have been affixed to a backing of the same size. On the verso are mounting remnants with printed identification which reads, "Autographs of Geo Washington and Thomas Jefferson." Lightly toned and in fine condition.

Presidential Election of 1792: Rhode Island Electors Ballot Submission Letter for the state's first presidential election. Four integral pages, written on pages one, two, and four, 9" x 14.5", County of Bristol, Providence Plantations and State of Rhode Island, December 5, 1792. The letter, addressed to the "Honourable John Adams Esquire - President of the Senate of the United States - Philadelphia", refers to the results of the vote by the electors in the presidential election. The results are not included; however, incumbent George Washington received all four of Rhode Island's electoral votes.

The presidential election of 1792 was the first in which all of the original thirteen states chose presidential electors. In the previous election of 1789, three of the original states did not participate in the election: Rhode Island and North Carolina were unable to participate because they had not yet ratified the U.S. Constitution, and New York did not participate because it failed to choose electors on time.

According to the U.S. Constitution, each state is given the same numbers of electors as it has members of the House and Senate. The date for elector voting has changed since 1792, but in that year, the date was the beginning of December. Before the Twelfth Amendment (1804), each elector cast two votes. When the votes were counted, the individual with the most votes became the president; the individual with the second most votes became the vice president. This document, important for electoral college history, displays some paper loss at the folds and chipping at the edges, else fine.

John Adams Autograph Letter Signed as the second president to the citizens of three townships in New Jersey. One page, 8" x 12.75", May 25, 1798, n.p. [Philadelphia]. In this document, Adams, only a year into his only presidential term, replies to "the Citizens of the Townships of Amwell, Readingtown and Kingwood in New Jersey" concerning the defining issue of his presidency: the diplomatic crisis with France.

The three New Jersey townships had written the president earlier professing their "attachment . . . for the French Nation" at a time when Adams and the majority of the country were preparing for war against France. Adams begins his reply by acknowledging, in the third person, the townships' expressed goodwill to him in their earlier communication: "The Respect you profess for your first Magistrate is obliging to him, and your attachment, Love and Veneration for your[?] & country will be amiable in the Eyes of all Men." He then explains that the "attachment" the three townships currently had - and America once had - for France had been "despised and thrown away" by the French, a reference to the XYZ Affair: "The attachment you profess for the French Nation was common to you and to America in general: but never was the attachment of one Nation to another so wantonly[,] so capriciously[,] so insolently despised and thrown away." (The New Jersey townships' fondness for France was understandable since the French had helped the Americans defeat the British.) Adams next, predicting that the young American nation was destined to become great, compares the birth of the United States with the birth of several great world empires, including Christianity: "All great Things have begun in contempt. The Roman Empire[,] The French Republic, and to rise infinitely higher than both for an Example the Christian Religion itself might be cited. Our American World exhibits another Instance. But mark the Issue, This continent will be changed into Respect and Admiration: and I hope to live to see the time and to rejoice with you in it."

Earlier in 1798, the U.S. and France became involved in a series of diplomatic disputes known collectively as the XYZ Affair, a complicated series of events which involved the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand asking for U.S. bribes. By the time this letter was written in late May of 1798, the situation had deteriorated to the point that both nations were preparing for war. U.S. citizens reacted with a patriotic frenzy. Individuals, organizations, legislatures, and small towns all over the country sent patriotic notes and letters to President Adams, who was suddenly very popular. The president worked hard to answer as many messages as possible. Meanwhile, rumors circulated throughout Philadelphia, including one about a French plot to torch the city. The hard work and worry weighed on Adams, whose health began to suffer. War, however, was never declared; instead, the two countries became involved in an undeclared naval war known as the Quasi-War, which peacefully ended in late 1800 when President Adams surprised many by backing away from the precipice and diplomatically ending the undeclared Quasi-War - likely his most important presidential accomplishment. This document offers important insight, straight from Adams' pen, about his thinking during those early, critical moments of the crisis. The paper bears some foxing, as well as a small amount of mounting residue on the verso; still, it is in surprisingly fine condition. Folds, which have been mostly flattened, show only the very slightest beginnings of separation. The text, written completely by President Adams and still very bold, is easily read, as is the very fine example of his signature. Overall near fine condition.

James Madison Letter Signed. One page, 8" x 10", July 21, 1801, "Washington Department of State", to David Lenox, attempting to have two individuals, one a slave, returned from the English who had impressed them. In part: "You will receive herewith Copies of certain Documents concerning Nathaniel Heard and Negro David, a Slave, two Impressed freemen belonging to the United States, who are supposed to be detained in British Ships of War on the English Station. Agreeable to the request of Mr. Lowndes, a Merchant of George Town, his Master." David Lenox was a special U.S. agent stationed in England and used to convince the English to end impressments by the British Navy of such men as Nathaniel Heard and "Negro David" captured aboard U.S. ships. Lenox later became the president of the doomed First Bank of the United States. "Duplicate" is written at the top left corner. Docketing on verso. The document is toned with tape repairs along fold separations. Very good condition.

James Madison Check Signed while serving as the fourth president. Partly printed, 7.25" x 2.5", April 23, 1814, to F. J. B. McKenney for $858 drawn on the Bank of Columbia. Toned with minor repairs on verso. Very good.

James Monroe Autograph Letter Signed as president. Four integral pages, written on page one and addressed on page four, 8" x 10", May 26, 1820, Washington, addressed to John Jacob Astor in Paris. The president writes regarding letters sent to "General La Fayette & another for Mr. Marbois". In 1824, President Monroe invited the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States as a guest of the nation. During the trip Lafayette would visit all of the then twenty-four states. A small tear where the wax seal was removed. Light toning and spotting, remnants of adhesive residue on page four, and weakness at folds, else fine.

James Monroe Federal Road Construction Contract Signed as president. Two and one-quarter folio pages, 11" x 18", ca. 1817. The text of the manuscript is dated May 7, 1817; it explains the agreement between contractor James Kinkead and federal official David Shriverpen for the construction of "a Bridge across Redstone Creek, on the Thirty first section of the United States Western Road." The agreement for this bridge, located in southwestern Pennsylvania and spanning forty feet, contains specifications for the bridge, wing wall, and arch. For his work, Kinkead was promised $9,500 by the U.S. Government. Construction on the Cumberland Road, one of the earliest and largest federal roads, was originally authorized by President Jefferson. It began in Maryland in 1811 and ended in Illinois in 1839. President James Monroe signed the verso beneath "approved". This document has completely separated along the middle horizontal fold, though the presidential signature is not affected. Near very good.

James Monroe Document Signed. One page, 13" x 10", November 27, 1820, Washington, D.C., partially printed on vellum. The document, issued by the General Land Office, grants one-hundred-sixty acres of land in Arkansas to Archibald Allison for his service as a private in Bailey's Company, Second Regiment of Infantry, during the War of 1812. The document is countersigned by Josiah Meigs and bears the embossed paper seal of the General Land Office; docketed on verso. Light folds, else fine.

John Quincy Adams Writ Engrossed Entirely in His Hand and Signed on the Verso. Partly-printed document, 8" x 6.75", Boston, January 3, 1792, instructing the sheriff of Suffolk County "to attach the Goods or Estate of James Bancroft of Boston... to the value of fifty pounds." Adams is acting as attorney for the plaintiff, William Parsons, for a debt owed on goods delivered. Endorsement signature, "J.Q. Adams" on the verso. Adams was admitted to the bar in 1790, and practiced law for only four years. He struggled to find clients, but this was mainly because his interests lay elsewhere. During these same years he authored many important political articles, and would be called to serve as Ambassador to the Netherlands by President Washington in 1794. Toned, especially at the folds; and with small separations thereat.

John Quincy Adams Document and Envelope Signed "J. Q. Adams" as secretary of state. One page, 8" x 9.75, November 8, 1822, Washington, D.C., partially printed, sold with the original folded "envelope" with Adams' signature frank. Addressed to Pennsylvania Governor Joseph Hiester, the letter accompanied nine copies of the public journals of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States. The envelope is postmarked Washington D.C., April 27. Both the letter and folded sheet envelope are mounted on acid-free paper. Some weakness and repair at the folds of the envelope. The letter is fine.

John Quincy Adams Check Twice Signed "J. Q. Adams". Partly printed, 6" x 2.25", August 3. 1830 (less than two years after Adams left office as the sixth president), drawn on the "[Second] Bank of the United States", which was near its demise. Adams has signed his name as the drawer and the payee, for $300, "N.[umber] 45". "Bowen & Cushing, Printers" is printed vertically to the left. With hole in center, which does not affect the signature. Mounting remnants on verso. Very good.

Andrew Jackson Autograph Letter Signed Twice ("Andrew Jackson" and "A.J.") to "Genl John Coffee". One page, 7.5" x 11.5" (sight), February 23, 1820, "Hermitage", with health advice, commentary on the Missouri Compromise debate, and word on Jackson's Tennessee friend and advisor, Judge John Overton. In full as written:

"Dr. Genl

I have recd a letter from Mr James Jackson advising me that you had been very much indisposed but had recovered your health, you must be more carefull than heretofore, your constitution . . . [illegible] exposure - we must content ourselves with things as they are, wind up our worldly concerns, & take care of our health.

I have heard nothing from Congress [illegible]. the Misouri question has occupied all their attention, of late, at length is determined in the Senate by a great majority against the instructions. Congress may soon begin to do something for the national benefit, as yet they have done nothing, but spend the public money in useless debate.

In passing from Franklin court I called at Judge Overtons, when he presented me with the enclosed papers & a warrant to transfer. as these papers may be of use to you I enclose them, that you may either file or destroy them.

Mrs. J. joins me in good wishes for your health & that of your family. Present us to Polly & the children & believe me to be
Respectfully your friend,
Andrew Jackson

P.S. I have endeavored to see Joe Smith but as yet am disappointed. Mr. Washington has not returned.
A.J."

John Coffee (1772-1833) settled near Nashville, Tennessee, in 1798, where he soon met Andrew Jackson (1767-1845), who had arrived there ten years earlier. Coffee quickly became Jackson's business partner, military associate, confidant, adviser, and fearless friend. Their connection was strengthened by Coffee's marriage to Rachel Donelson Jackson's niece, Mary "Polly" Donelson (1793-1871), in 1809. Coffee, Jackson, and James Jackson (an Alabama politician and founder of Florence, Alabama, not related to Andrew) invested in land in the Alabama Territory. Coffee served under Jackson in the Creek War, where he was promoted to brigadier general, and at the Battle of New Orleans. After the war, Coffee served as surveyor general of public lands in Alabama from 1817 until his death in 1833. In 1819, he purchased land near Florence in Lauderdale County, Alabama, and moved his family there.

Jackson, who suffered with ill health most of his adult life, likely references such concerns when noting that "we must content ourselves with things as they are, wind up our worldly concerns, & take care of our health". On at least one occasion during his presidency, his family wondered if he would survive one of his sick spells. Rumors occasionally circulated about his death, inviting some visitors to the White House simply to see if the president was still alive.

This Missouri Compromise, which resulted from the "useless debate" over the "Misouri question" Jackson writes about, later passed as an agreement between northern and southern lawmakers over the issue of the expansion of slavery in new states being admitted into the Union. The Compromise, which limited slavery in the Louisiana Territory, was complicated a year earlier by the addition of Alabama (Coffee's new home) as a slave state. The patchwork of agreements and compromises between pro-slavery and anti-slavery states over the next four decades postponed full resolution of the slavery question until the Civil War. Both Coffee and Jackson owned slaves. As president from 1829-1837, Jackson showed no interested in abolishing or reforming the peculiar institution. John Overton (1766-1833) was a Tennessee judge, as well as an early friend who later became an important advisor to Jackson as president.

Coffee has docketed the document near the address, "The enclosed business has all been settled long since and the parties concerned all satisfied." The letter is framed and matted to an overall size of 20.25" x 17". Though not examined out of the frame, expected tears from the two original seals are visible on the address page. Jackson's heavy pen strokes have resulted in a bit of paper loss due to some ink burn. Cello tape stains are still visible in four places where it has been used to mend separations occurring at the folds. In two such instances, a few words have been lost. Jackson's signature is greatly affected by the use of cello tape resulting in some staining. A clean cut also appears to exist in the bottom right corner, separating the "A" from the "J" in Jackson's initialed signature. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

[Andrew Jackson] Retained Carbon Copy of a Letter Addressed in Ink to "Hon. John McLean". Two pages, 8" x 10", December 7, 1830, Washington, with "Confidential" written at top. Less than a year after being appointed by President Andrew Jackson as a Supreme Court Associate Justice, John McLean began to show interest in an 1832 run for the presidency himself. In this letter, the author prods McLean on by reasoning that there is a good possibility McLean could win. According to the letter, McLean's chances depend on President Andrew Jackson's vice presidential running mate. During Jackson's first term, John C. Calhoun had been the vice president, but their disagreement over nullification had caused an irreparable rift between the two; according to the author, "I am not sure that he [Calhoun] will be a candidate for reelection". Instead, the author speculates that Martin Van Buren would be Jackson's vice presidential choice ("The relation which Van Buren & the President bear to each other is well understood.") If, according to the author, that was to be the case - and it would be - then "it is Mr. Van Buren's policy to drive Mr. Calhoun & his friend into opposition under the hope that both you and Mr. C[alhoun] will be placed in such a relation toward the party as to prevent either from coming in competition with him in caucus nomination. The belief that Gen. Jackson second Mr. V[an Buren]'s views has a tendency to produce that result." This, according to the author, could benefit McLean: "Should any thing determine Mr. Clay's friend to adopt another candidate and you should come before the public with a prospect of receiving the united support of the opposition I can see in the political elements much which would throw Mr. Calhoun & his friends in support of your election. In that event I believe your election would be certain. . . . You could, in the opinion of many, take all New England New York, New Jersey, Pa. . . Virginia, North & South Carolina." The author, hoping his argument has been convincing, then advises McLean to prepare for the nomination: "I can venture to say that I believe that there is a group disposition to put you in nomination and you should be prepared to act on the case of the convention to meet here in February should nominate you." The author ends with a warning to McLean to be cautious because "You are surrounded by spies." The signature on this very important letter has been blacked out with period ink, but with difficulty, "D. Barton" can be discerned. (David Barton was a Missouri politician who joined the senate as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1830.) Because of the sensitivity of the contents, Senator Barton likely blacked out his own name, not yet ready to be publicly associated with such extreme anti-Jacksonian politicking. With folds; fine.

Andrew Jackson Early Business Archive, including receipts (three in Jackson's hand with multiple signatures), business documents, and one letter. All are dated between 1807-1820. Near fifteen receipts: Andrew Jackson Autograph Receipt Signed "Andrew Jackson" Three Times in the third person within the text, 7.75" x 2.5", November 5, 1817, Melton's Bluff [Alabama]. In full: "Then Rec'd the sum of fifteen Dollars in full for a Boot of Capt. B. Cot, which Andrew Jackson Bought of said Capt Cot, and which the said Andrew ["Andrew" has been struck-through] Capt. Cot authorised me to receive from the said Andrew Jackson, I say rec'd by me from the said Andrew Jackson the date above/ Joseph Wyatt". Andrew Jackson Autograph Receipt Signed "Andrew Jackson" Twice in the third person within the text, 7.5" x 2.5", November 5, 1817. In part: "Then rec'd of Andrew Jackson twenty Dollars in full for the plank of a Boat, Bought by Andrew Jackson from Richard Gunn". Additional receipts include one from the Hermitage, September 21, 1808, for "Doct. William Clard Jr acct with Jackson & Hutchings" for various dry goods. Others are for various items, such as produce, hogs, and ferry boat services. One receipt is signed by John Coffee for "articles . . . charged on the books, and . . . paid for by Genl. Jackson". Another is for William Eastin, the father of Mary Eastin (who would later become a ward of Andrew Jackson and close friend of Emily Donelson), for "Sixty nine pieces of Bacon, roughly Eleven Hundred pounds for the use of Genl Andw Jackson" (August 26, 1818).

Two Business Documents: (1) Andrew Jackson Autograph Partial Business Expense Document. One page, 7" x 12", September 21, 1818, Melton's Bluff [Alabama]. The lower half of the document has been written by Jackson, itemizing business expense transactions, such as "Cash paid Lambert for cribbing corn - 5.50" and "Shirt for Stephen - 1.50". (2) John Hutchings' Estate Document containing "monies paid by John Coffee one of the Executors of the Estate of John Hutchings". Includes "Amt. paid Andrew Jackson 1258.56", dated January 10, 1820.

One Letter: William W. Crawford Autograph Letter Signed. Three pages, 7.5" x 12", August 29, 1819, n.p. In this letter, Crawford, a hired worker, gives an account to "Genl. Andrew Jackson" for his extravagant expenses on a recent trip to transport Jackson's "corn, cotton Seed and fodder". He begins the letter with "You wish an explanation of the money that I have laide out which I will try to give you in plain truth when I went to M[elton]s Bluff". Crawford's account then details his troubles in finding a ferry that was not too expensive, which he never did. This letter comes with eight receipts bearing William W. Crawford's name - several for ferry services and all are likely related to this misadventure.

Andrew Jackson, John Coffee, and John Hutchings (a nephew of Rachel Donelson Jackson) formed a business partnership in 1804, which lasted several years. The partners operated a tavern and dry goods store four miles from the Hermitage. They also bought land in Alabama. John Hutchings died in 1817 and Andrew and Rachel Jackson became guardians of his son, Andrew Jackson Hutchings. The documents in this wonderfully varied archive contain some foxing, age toning, ink spots, and occasional bleed-through; overall very good condition. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

[Andrew Jackson] Archive of Ten Letters by Mary Coffee, Including Two with Free Franks Signed by President Jackson. The two free franks, dated December 23, 1832, and February 10, 1833, are written from Washington and read, "Free Andrew Jackson". All letters are dated between August 1829 and February 1833, during President Jackson's first term, with news and descriptions from inside White House, shortly before Jackson's second inauguration. Some of these letters are written from Tennessee and contain information about President Jackson's visits there. All letters are written from the perspective of Mary Coffee, the daughter of John Coffee, one of the president's oldest and closest friends.

Chronologically, the first four letters in the archive were written from Nashville, Tennessee, between 1829 and 1831, and are addressed to either Mary Coffee's father or her mother, Mary Donelson Coffee. In these letters, Mary, still a teenager, communicates family news, which includes details of her Uncle Andrew Jackson, whom she often simply called "Uncle". The letters also contain content on Andrew Jackson, Jr., and Mary's Aunt Emily Donelson, the official White House hostess. In the first letter, dated August 7, 1829, Mary writes to her father of the president's health during one of his visits to Tennessee, "Cousin Andrew Jackson [Jr.] is here at present. Says he left all well in Washington. Uncle[']s [President Jackson] health is much better." Mary was often concerned about her uncle's health, with good reason since he suffered from ill health throughout most of his presidency. During another Tennessee visit in August 1830, the family was concerned that he would not recover from a "violent attack": "Uncle is now in Franklin on his return he will start to Washington in a day or two. I believe it is decided that Aunt Emily will stay until Winter although to tell the truth I believe it is much against her inclination to do so, unless Uncle Andrew would stay too. His health not being very good, he had a very violent attack of billiosis collick a few days ago. Indeed it was so violent we did not expect he would survive it."

Mary had a close relationship with her aunt, Emily Donelson, the niece of Andrew and Rachel Jackson and the wife of Andrew Jackson Donelson. (Andrew J. Donelson had grown up under the guardianship of Andrew and Rachel Jackson after his father, Samuel Donelson, the brother of Rachel, died in 1805. A favorite of Andrew Jackson, the young Donelson entered West Point in 1817 and married Emily in 1824.) After Jackson was elected president and Rachel had died, Emily and Andrew Donelson moved to the White House where she served as the White House hostess and he served as President Jackson's private secretary. Throughout most of his presidency, Jackson and the Donelsons were very close. When the president visited Tennessee in March 1831, "Aunt Emily", as Mary called her, visited also, though often arriving at separate times: "Aunt Emily was down here a few days ago she expects Uncle Andrew about the 16 or 17th of this month, but she does not know whether they will go immediately on." A few days later, Mary reports in another letter that the president had arrived: "Uncle Andrew arrived here a few days since from Washington. He said he expected to start about the 15th of April but he had not since Aunt Emily and I had not time to ask him many questions but as soon as it is finally determined I will write you. Uncle Andrew tells me that Pa is going down in the Indian Country."

In the remaining six letters in the archive, dated December 1832 through February 1833, Mary writes from President Jackson's White House during her visit for his second inauguration in March 1833. In these letters, she describes a White House full of activities, including parties, balls attended by dignitaries, visits to senate debates, and a constant flow of people coming to the White House and thoughtlessly taking President Jackson's time: "I am certain that he has very few moments of perfect ease, constantly harassed either with business or company. People come here who have nothing to do, and seem to think that the President has nothing else to do but listen to them. He never gets to bed before eleven o clock. His health however has been very good until yesterday and to day he is complaining a good deal about a very severe cold. . . . Uncle has not been well . . . he would however not have time to think of it he is kept so constantly employed never a moment he can call his own except the few hours he devotes to sleep and they are sometimes terribly broken through. People come here sometimes who think the President has nothing to do but entertain them. People whose heads, as Uncle says, contain no more brains than a pins head."

Mary also noted, in a December 1832 letter, other unpleasantness in Jackson's White House: "I like Washington so far very well but I like home better. My situation in some respects is a very pleasant one. Uncle and Aunt Emily are very kind to me, but it is rather disagreeable in another. Cousin Mary [McLemore] and Aunt cannot agree. Cousin Mary will never do anything Aunt asks her to do. . . . there is seldom a day passes in perfect harmony. I am very glad that Uncle does not know this for I am sure it would make him uneasy."

The constant parties, dinners, and unexpected guests took their toll on Mary: "We have a very tiresome time of it here nothing but balls and parties, visiting and receiving visits, one soon gets tired of it. . . . We have large dinners twice a week at the Presidents house as stiff and ceremonious as possible." Some dinners, though, were more memorable, such as one describe in a January 1833 letter: "We have had a very amusing dinner to day given to the Indians. There was about 20 of them I suppose. They were very much pleased from their looks, however we cannot always judge of an Indians feelings by his looks or white peoples either if they are all like the good people of Washington."

Coinciding with Mary's visit to Washington was the senate's momentous debate over South Carolina's nullification of federal law. As the senators assembled in the capital, Mary attended some of the spectacle. In a February 1833 letter, she reports on two of the main adversaries in the debate, John C. Calhoun and Daniel Webster: "The two great opponent[s] Calhoun and Webster are each anxious for the other to speak first." She preferred Webster, whom she liked "very much": "He is very dignified, very graceful, and one of the finest looking me I ever saw." Mr. Calhoun, though, "is not a fine looking man, no far from it. He looks more like his Satanic Majesty when he gets into one of his violent passions, as he always does when he speaks himself." The senate's "great debate", Mary wrote, consumed Washington: "The Washington world is in a perfect hubbub about the great debate that is now going on in Congress. Nothing else is heard of, or thought of. The senate chamber is crowded every day with ladies. I went up yesterday to hear Mr. Clay speak."

In the last letter of the archive, written only days before Jackson's second inauguration, Mary found time in her busy schedule for the "gratification of satisfying [her] curiosity" by meeting John Randolph of Roanoke. "He called to see the President and Aunt Emily and I dropped in as if by accident to see him. It was the first time he had ever called to see a President. . . . He is a very singular looking creature." Mary planned to return home on the day after the March 4, 1833, inauguration. Already a part of President Jackson's family, she later married Andrew Jackson Hutchings, the son of one of Jackson's earliest business partners, John Hutchings. (After John died in 1817, Andrew and Rachel Jackson had become guardians of Andrew J. Hutchings.) Mary died in 1839. Some letters contain tears near their original seals. The December free frank has two tears resulting in paper loss (missing are the "rew" from "Andrew" and "so" from "Jackson"). The February free frank has a tear through the "n" in "Andrew"; some paper loss and fold-separation exist above the signature. Overall, this historically important archive is in very good condition. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

[Andrew Jackson] Invoice for the Medical Care of His Slaves, including three newborn deliveries. One page, 7.5" x 10", July 24, 1818, Melton's Bluff [Alabama]. The invoice, sent from doctors "Crabb & Rousseau" begins, "Dr. Genl./ Nothing but an imperious want of money should serve as an apology for the presentation of the enclosed Accounts but you are aware of our situation." The "enclosed Accounts", addressed specifically to "Maj. Genl. Andw. Jackson", include the following medical services for his slaves (as written):

"To Medical att: & medicine with Black family promiscuously from [?] Octor. 1817 upto 1st May 1818 inclusive, - $60.00
To atten: & med: yellow Mary, particulary 50.00
To att: & Dr. Black Mary - Dr - 50.00
To Delivery & att: three negro women at $20 60.00
[?] 1818 To att: on six negroes this month - 40.00".

The invoice totaled $260.00 and ended, "If you possibly can oblige us . . . without considerable inconvenience you will certainly be conferring a very great favor on your friends/ Crabb & Rousseau". Andrew Jackson viewed slavery, as most Southerners of his day, as a part of Southern life sanctioned by the Bible. He was not interested in abolishing or reforming the peculiar institution. When he died, he owned well over 100 slaves, yet manumitted none. In partnership with Tennessee friends John Coffee and John Hutchings, Jackson purchased land in northern Alabama, some near Melton's Bluff, on the banks of the Tennessee River. This slave document contains irregular borders with some paper loss to the left border. Near very good. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

William Henry Harrison Check Signed, 7.75" x 3.75", November 21, 1810, Vincennes [Indiana]. This early check, signed by Harrison while serving as the first governor of the Indiana Territory, reads in part, "To the Cashier of the Bank of the United States. Sir, On the 31st of December next or as soon after as you may receive my salary for the quarter ending on that day be pleased to pay unto Major E. H. Taylor or his order thirty two Dollars". Harrison, who later served as the ninth president, has the unfortunate distinction of serving the shortest term of any president: thirty days, from March 4, 1841, until April 4, 1841. He was likely a victim of the common cold. With several endorsements on verso. Small tear repair just above the "H" in "Harrison". Near very good.

John Tyler Autograph Letter Signed "John Tyler" with Free Frank "J. Tyler". Two and one-half pages, 8" x 10", January 2, 1855. Written "hastily" in response to an inquiry by M. D. Philips, former President John Tyler expresses his optimistic feelings about the relocation of African-American slaves to Liberia through the efforts of the American Colonization Society. Tyler replies to Philips' inquiry: "You ask me my opinion of the practicability and use fullness to all concerned of the scheme of the American Colonization Society. I reply that its practicability is fairly tested by the fact that colonies are planted, are growing, and are flourishing. Of its usefulness to all concerned I have never doubted useful to the coloured race of American birth, because it elevates that race to the condition of freemen is in fact, and not merely in name as in the U. States and confers upon them all the responsibilities of self government. Useful to the white race since it rescues it from an anomylous position in regard to a race which it can never raise to a footing of equality with itself by intermarriage by social intercourse or political rights. Useful in Africa in an unlimited degree because it transfers further the arts, in some degree the sciences and sets to blazing the fires of civilization through the instrumentalists of the Christian religion." Tyler's hopes for the endeavor rested on the principle that "[The relocated] are emigrants from the freest country upon Earth, and have carried with them principles imbibed in infancy. . . . They have the countenance of an enlightened Society on this side of the Atlantic, and the good wishes of the world and if under these circumstances they fall into despotism or relapse into barbarism, then indeed I shall think that the curse of Cain is upon the black man, and that they are designed to be the servitor of other and more intelligent races. I hope they may observe the law of progress and that the influence of a bright and glorious republic sustained and administered by black men may be felt all over a dark and benighted continent."

As a slave-holding Virginian, John Tyler believed that blacks were inferior to whites and would never be permitted to live in the U.S. with equal rights, a common view of white Americans at the time, including Abraham Lincoln. Because of that belief, he favored colonization. The goal of the American Colonization Society was to relocate American slaves to the colony of Liberia in western Africa, a task that began in 1821; the colony declared its independence in 1847. Many Southerners, including Henry Clay, James Madison, James Monroe, and John Randolph, took active roles in the Society. In 1838, John Tyler began his service as president of the Virginia Colonization Society, an organization with the same goals as the American Colonization Society. He had begun his acquaintance with the American Colonization Society, though, much earlier: "I was present at the first meeting of the Society at Washington and at the time of going into the Presidency of the U. States, was the President of the Virginia Colonization Society . . . my opinions have long been found upon the questions you ask me." Tyler held high expectations for the organization and their efforts: "The Colonization Society is the great missionary, in comparison to which all other missionaries among the heathen, sink into comparative insignificance."

Though hastily written, this letter contributes significantly to our understanding of John Tyler, who, as a Virginian, sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War. It is written from Sherwood Forest, the name of Tyler's plantation along the James River. With tape repair along the central vertical fold. Small amount of paper loss at original seal, though no loss of text. Fine condition. Ex. Sang Collection, Forbes Collection.

James K. Polk Military Commission Signed as president. One page, 15.25" x 16.75", Washington, D.C., May 26, 1847, partially printed on vellum with the original paper seal. The commission signed "James K. Polk", appoints Joseph C. Wallace as second lieutenant in the "Third Regiment of Dragoons". Counter signed by Secretary of War W. L. Marcy and docketed on the front by R. Jones, adjutant general.

The commission is sold with eight letters from and to Joseph Wallace, including a draft of his letter to President Polk requesting appointment as an officer in the regular army. During the Mexican War, the United States' Third Regiment of Dragoons was stationed at Port Isabel, Texas, and Matamoras, Mexico, along the Rio Grande at the Gulf of Mexico. Army records indicate Wallace resigned his commission in August 1847; however, a photocopy of a letter from the United States General Hospital in Matamoras dated March 1848 indicates that a rifle "found in the effects of Lieut. Wallace late of the 3rd U. S. Drgns" is being sent to "Mrs. Wallace, the mother of the late deceased." Worthy of further research. Small repaired tear on the lower right edge, else fine.

James Buchanan Autograph Letter Signed with Free Franked Cover as president. One page, 6.25" x 8", May 28, 1859, Washington, to John W. Mickle of Camden, New Jersey. In part: "Many thanks for the fine Delaware shad which I have rest received! If they should prove to be as good as they appear they will indeed be excellent. Their principal value, however, in my eyes is as a token of your regard which I shall ever value." John Mickle, an influential New Jersey politician, was the president of the Federal Street Ferry Company. Both the letter and cover contain a bold presidential signature. The cover is postmarked and carries vertical handwriting along the left margin in another hand ("From President James/ Buchanan - one/ also from Mr./ J. R. Thomson"). The red seal is included, though it is separated from the cover. Age toned; near fine.

James Buchanan conclusion of Autograph Letter Signed "James Buchanan" as Secretary of State, one page, 8" x 3.5", [Washington, 1845-1846], to "Hon George Bancroft/Secretary of the Navy." Bancroft was Polk's Secretary of the Navy from March 11, 1845, until September 9, 1846. This being the last paragraph of an ALS from Polk's Secretary of State (1845-1849) to his colleague in the cabinet. In full, "Mr. Baker's letter now on file had, I supposed, fully established this fact. I mentioned it to you repeatedly in conversation. If you desire further proof, I will have Mr. Baker's respectable neighbours examined on oath. I regret that both you & myself have had so much trouble concerning the appointment of a grand-son of Commodore Truxton as a midshipman in the Navy." At least two of Commodore Thomas Truxton's grandsons were at one time Navy midshipmen, Edward Fitzgerald Beale and William T. Truxton. A French collector has penciled Buchanan's name in the lower left corner and, in the lower center, Buchanan's birth and death years "né 1791 + 1868." Light soiling at left and lower portion. Partial separation of mid-vertical fold at lower bank edge. Overall, very good.

Abraham Lincoln Autograph Letter Signed one month before beginning his senate campaign against Stephen Douglas. One page, 5.25" x 4.5", May 2, 1858, Springfield [Illinois] to the law firm of William Seward, Lincoln's future secretary of state. In full:

Messieurs Blatchford, Seward & Griswold
29 Nassau St.
N.Y.
Gentlemen-
Your, inclosing note of L. J. N. Owen & Bro, is received, and shall be attended to.
Yours, [?]
A. Lincoln

Formed in 1854, the New York law firm of Blatchford, Seward, & Griswold specialized in patent law and included Samuel Blatchford, William Seward, and Burr Griswold. Blatchford (1820-1893) began his association with Seward as his private secretary. He later studied law under Seward and became his law partner. Later, after Seward's death, Blatchford was appointed an associate justice of the Supreme Court. Griswold (1823-1886) was married to Blatchford's sister. William Seward (1801-1872), who had been New York's governor in the early 1840s, was serving as a U.S. Senator when this letter was written contemplating a run for the White House in 1860.

Lincoln first met Seward ten years earlier in September 1848 while both were campaigning in Boston for Zachary Taylor - Lincoln's first participation in a presidential campaign. At the rally, Seward, already a popular politician known for his anti-slavery stance, predictably spoke against the evils of slavery; Lincoln spoke about other matters. That night, they shared a hotel room, a common act in the mid-nineteenth century, and spent much of the night discussing the "peculiar institution" of slavery. Their second meeting came two years after this letter was written, again on the campaign trail; this time it was Seward campaigning in Springfield for Lincoln, who had earlier in the year defeated Seward for the Republican presidential nominee. This letter, affixed to a larger sheet (8" x 10"), is on toned laid paper with some light stains. Near fine.

Abraham Lincoln Autograph Letter Signed "A. Lincoln". One page, 8" x 10", September 16, 1858, Centralia, Illinois, written to Illinois Congressman Elihu B. Washburne, concerning an allegation by Stephen Douglas that Congressman Washburne was pledged "unconditionally against the admission of any more Slave States." Lincoln, in the midst of the famous Lincoln/Douglas Debates, writes, "If his allegation be true, burn this without answering it." In full as written: "Dear Sir/ Yesterday at Jonesborough, Douglas, by way of placing you and me on different ground, alledged that you were every where, pledging yourself unconditionally against the admission of any more Slave States. If his allegation be true, burn this without answering it. If it be untrue, write me such a letter as I may make public with which to contradict him./ Yours truly/ A. Lincoln".

Illinois attorney Abraham Lincoln penned this letter two days before the fourth of seven Lincoln-Douglas debates. In those famous senatorial debates, Douglas, a Democrat, insisted that states be able to decide for themselves on the slavery issue. Lincoln, a Republican who hated slavery but did not think whites and blacks equal, argued along party lines that slavery should not be extended to new states; therefore, new states did not have a right to decide the slavery issue.* Douglas, a shrewd politician, labeled Lincoln as an advocate of social equality between the races, a radical position guaranteed to cause Lincoln to lose. The debates of 1858 lasted from August 21 through October 15. After writing this letter, Lincoln had 100 miles to travel to the next debate to be held in Charleston, Illinois.

Elihu B. Washburne, a U.S. congressman serving the northern part of Illinois from 1853-1869, was an early organizer of the Republican Party in Illinois. He naturally supported Lincoln, the Republican candidate. As noted in The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, volume 3 (Roy P. Basler, ed., [New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1953]), Washburne likely did not respond to Lincoln's letter as such a letter has never surfaced. Douglas defeated Lincoln for the senate seat, but Lincoln's popularity was boosted by the debates, setting the stage for his presidential election in 1860. After that election, Washburne and William Seward were appointed to meet and escort the newly elected president to his hotel upon his first arrival in Washington in 1861. Washburne later served as President Grant's secretary of state. According to The Collected Works, after Elihu Washburne died, this letter was owned by his son, Hempstead Washburne. This is the first time it is being offered at public auction. The letter, written on laid paper, has been silked on verso and is hinged at the top to a mat. Ink has slightly faded.

*According to Lincoln's Freeport speech given on August 27, 1858, Lincoln was not against the admission of new slave states. Asking himself a question posed in a previous debate by Stephens and then providing an answer, Lincoln says, "'Question: I desire him to answer whether he stands pledged today, as he did in 1854, against the admission of any more slave states into the Union, even if the people want them?' Answer: I do not now, nor ever did, stand pledged against the admission of any more slave states into the Union." (Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Douglas, and Paul McClelland Angle, The Complete Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991], 141.)

Abraham Lincoln Military Appointment Signed and countersigned by Secretary of War Simon Cameron. One vellum page partly printed, 15.75" x 19.25", September 9, 1861, "City of Washington", with handsome engraved military and patriotic vignettes. The document appoints James S. Brisbin "Second Lieutenant in the first Regiment of Dragoons in the service of the United States." Prior to the Civil War, James S. Brisbin (1837-1892) of Pennsylvania worked as a lawyer and publicly spoke-out against slavery. When the Civil War began, he enlisted as a private and was quickly promoted to second lieutenant. He fought at the First Battle of Bull Run (wounded twice), the Peninsular Campaign, and the Red River Expedition. During the war, he also helped organize various Negro cavalry regiments and was promoted to colonel of the 5th U.S. Colored Cavalry. Following the Civil War, Brisbin, a tireless worker for racial equality, helped establish the Freedmen's Bureau. His military service continued in 1866 with a transfer to the 9th U.S. Colored Cavalry Regiment, one of two of the earliest segregated cavalry regiments whose troops were designated Buffalo soldiers, a moniker given by American Indians to the all-black army regiments in the mid- to late-1800s. Buffalo soldiers, who mainly served in the west against Indians, were commanded by white officers like Brisbin. Darker toning and light wrinkling along lower edge of this important presidential appointment. With folds and a cyan Department of War seal in top left. Near fine condition. Included are printed images of Brisbin and Lincoln.

[Abraham Lincoln] First Issue of the Chicago Rail Splitter. Four pages of six columns, 14" x 20.5", June 23, 1860, Chicago, Illinois. This campaign newspaper was used to promote the most polarizing presidential candidate in American history, Abraham Lincoln, by cultivating his image as a man of the people and utilizing his nickname, the "Rail-Splitter", which was based on the arduous rail-splitting work he had done earlier in his life.

The goal of the newspaper, as stated by editor Charles Lieb on page two of this inaugural issue, was to "earnestly advocate the principles of Republicanism because they are founded in right. . . . We will expose the double-dealing of the Black Democracy." Lieb sought to accomplish that goal by including articles on the life and political positions of Lincoln and vice-presidential candidate Hannibal Hamlin. To popularize the mostly unknown Lincoln, Lieb included in the paper poetry and easy-to-memorize song lyric. This issue also contains the platform of the Republican Party, as well as swipes at Democrats and secessionists. On page one, Lieb promised that "every number will contain an elegant and spirited wood cut". In this first issue, the woodcut is on page two and entitled "Portrait Gallery.-No. 1". It humorously shows Lincoln toppling rival Stephen A. Douglas by using a rail resting on the fulcrum of a rock labeled "Constitution". Part of the nameplate on page two are the names of the Illinois Republican candidates for president (Lincoln), vice president (Hamlin), eleven presidential electors, governor, lieutenant governor, auditor, secretary of state, treasurer, and superintendent of public instruction.

Editor Lieb summoned the readers of the Rail Splitter to action by writing on page one, "Every Republican who reedives [sic] this number of 'The Rail Splitter' if he has not already done so, will we hope, send us his subscription, and interest himself in getting up a good club of subscribers." Subscriptions were fifty cents a copy and the paper was to be published weekly "until after the result of the Presidential election shall be ascertained and announced in its columns". In all, eighteen issues were published on Saturdays between June 23 and October 27 (the promised final issue announcing the results was never produced). Interestingly, another campaign newspaper devoted to the successful election of Lincoln and also called the Rail Splitter was published 300 miles away in Cincinnati. The two Rail Splitters were independent of each other and had different editors, publishers, and articles. Only thirteen of the Cincinnati issues were published.

Fifty-one-year-old presidential candidate Abraham Lincoln needed all the favorable publicity he could get before the 1860 election. After serving one term in Congress in the 1840s and losing two senatorial bids in the 1850s, Lincoln, the craftiest in the talented field of presidential nominees, came from the backwoods of Illinois to be the unlikely winner of the Republican nomination on May 18, 1860, a month before the first issue of the Rail Splitter was published. He received plenty of negative press: after winning the nomination, Democratic newspapers throughout the country took every advantage of mocking the details of his life, as well as his appearance. With the help of the Rail Splitter, though, Lincoln overcame vast obstacles and secured the presidency in November. This historically valuable issue is fragile, with some separation at the central vertical fold. The edges are chipped and ragged. Good condition.

Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Appointment Signed appointing Edwin F. Gardner assistant surgeon. One partially printed vellum page, 15.5" x 19.25", August 10, 1876, "City of Washington". Engraved with patriotic and military vignettes and affixed with dark blue U.S. War Department seal near top. The appointment reads in part: "Edwin F. Gardner I have nominated and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate do appoint him Assistant Surgeon with the rank of First Lieutenant in the service of the United States". The signature of "U. S. Grant", though large, has somewhat faded. Edwin Gardner served as a private during the Civil War. He graduated from Harvard in 1875 with an M.D. and was eventually appointed Deputy Surgeon General of the United States by President Theodore Roosevelt. Engraved with grand military vignettes and affixed with dark blue U. S. War Department seal. Folds. Fine.

Ulysses S. Grant Check Signed "U. S. Grant" Partly printed, 8" x 2.75", January 19, 1867, to Grant's brother-in-law Brigadier General Frederick T. Dent. Drawn on Jay Cooke & Co., Bankers of Washington, D.C., for $632. With endorsement on verso ("F. T. Dent/ Bvt Brig Gen"), two "X" cancellation cuts, and tax stamp on recto. Clean signature; near fine.

James Garfield Autograph Presidential Campaign Update Letter Signed during his successful campaign for presidency. One page, 8" x 10", September 18, 1880, Mentor, Ohio. This letter, written exactly one year and one day before Garfield's death from a bullet fired by assassin Charles J. Guiteau, is addressed to D. B. Henderson of Dubuque, Iowa, and reads in part: "Your suggestions are made in the right line. It appears that after all we have carried Maine by a close share but every energy must now be bent to carry the October states. I think our people are more determined than ever." James Garfield, the Republican candidate, easily defeated Democratic candidate Winfield Scott Hancock to become the twentieth U.S. president. This toned letter has folds and remnants of two pieces of cello tape along the top edge. On verso is written, "Genl. Garfield/ Sept. 18/80". Near fine.

James Garfield Letter Signed as an Ohio member of the U.S. Congress. One lined page, 8" x 10", December 22, 1869, Washington, written to P. W. Cook of Glenville, Cuyahogo County, Ohio. This letter concerns the U.S. census of 1870, the ninth census. In part: "The bill for taking the Ninth Census, which passed the House recently provides that the next census is to be taken by the appointment of one superintendent for each Congressional district, who is authorized to employ a sufficient number of enumerators to do the work in a shorter time than has usually been required." The way the U.S. census has been conducted has changed drastically since the first census in 1790. In this letter, Garfield writes of a change to the 1870 census that would allow it to be done quicker; still, it took almost a decade for the results to be published. The process was finally mechanized for the 1890 census, which was completed and published in two and a half years. The 1870 census counted over thirty-nine million U.S. residents, an increase of 22 percent from the 1860 census. Garfield served as Ohio's representative in congress from 1863 until his election as the twentieth president in 1881. With some tape repairs on verso along fold separations. Fine.

Also included is a memorial service program for the death of President Garfield on September 19, 1881 (one page, 6" x 9.25", "State Arsenal, Syracuse, On September 26 1881, at 2.30 P.M."). Garfield was shot on July 2, 1881, by Charles J. Guiteau, who was angry that he was not appointed U.S. consul in Paris. Less than a year later, in June 1882, Guiteau was hanged in Washington, D.C. With smoothed folds; toned and fine.

William H. Taft Typed Letter Signed "Wm H Taft" with Handwritten Postscript as President, Plus Two Photographs. One page, 7" x 9", December 24, 1910, on White House stationery, to A. Stewart requesting research to see what effect economic downturns have had on past presidential elections. In part: "I do not think you quite caught what I was anxious to have you look up. I would like to know what would have been the electoral vote in 1890 if that had been a presidential election, and how it would have compared with 1892. Then, I should like to know how 1910 in point of the electoral vote, assuming that to have been a presidential election, compares with 1890, assuming that to have been a presidential election." Following the typed text, President Taft attempts to clarify what he is asking by adding, "In other words, see whether the slump in 1892 was worse than that in 1890-or otherwise and how much."

In the November 1910 midterm elections, six weeks before this letter was sent, the Republicans lost fifty-seven congressional seats. Taft, himself a Republican, was worried about his chances at reelection in the upcoming 1912 presidential election so he asked Mr. Stewart of New York in this letter to research the effects of the 1890 economic slump on the failed reelection attempt of Republican Benjamin Harrison. Taft, like Harrison, was not reelected, though he was later appointed by Warren Harding to be Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, the position that he truly desired.

The letter is accompanied by three typed pages of notes related to Stewart's research project and an unsigned b/w photograph of Taft, 7" x 10", with a Harris & Ewing copyright stamp on verso. Also included is a 9.75" x 6.5" b/w photograph mounted on a 12" x 9" paperboard, showing a Taft reelection billboard in Columbus, Ohio, exhorting citizens to "Stand by Taft as you stood by McKinley and for the same reason that prosperity may follow." All items are very good to fine.

Theodore Roosevelt Letter Signed and Book Signed with Sentiment. The letter, with cover: one page, 5.25" x 7", April 14, 1910, "Grd. Hotel Britannia Venise", written to Mrs. L. C. W. Hoppin. It reads, "I have only just received your note (12.45 this morning), of course too late to come. I have only time for a line. With hearty thanks to you and Mrs Curtis." Some separation beginning along the only fold. Nice, large signature; very good.

The book: The Indians' Book: An Offering by the American Indians of Indian Lore, Musical and Narrative, to Form a Record of the Songs and Legends of their Race, by Natalie Curtis. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1907. 4to. 573pp. With several plates and illustrations; decorative cloth covers. Boldly signed "with best wishes from/ Theodore Roosevelt/ Jan. 8th 1911" below a printed Roosevelt letter in the introduction of the book. The original owner has signed on the front free endpaper, "L. C. W. Hoppin/ Xmas 1908". Very good. Also included is a Christmas postcard, "To dear Mrs. Hoppins/ With our love/ E. F. H. - H. M. DW./ Christmas 1907".

Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Appointment Signed and countersigned by Secretary of War William H. Taft appointing Edwin F. Gardner deputy surgeon general. One partially printed vellum page, 15.5" x 19.5", March 24, 1904, "City of Washington". In part: "Edwin F. Gardner I have nominated and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate do appoint him Deputy Surgeon General with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the service of the United States". Edwin Gardner served as a private during the Civil War. After his graduation with an M.D. from Harvard in 1875, Gardner served as a surgeon in the military until this appointment. Engraved with grand military vignettes and affixed with bright blue U. S. War Department seal. Folds with one tiny hole in mid horizontal fold. Fine.

Theodore Roosevelt and Russell J. Coles Signed Photograph. The sepia photo, 6.25" x 10", shows Roosevelt and another portly man, identified as Russell J. Coles, standing on the deck of a boat. Both Roosevelt and Coles signed their names diagonally across their stomachs. The photo has "Given to M.T. by Archie Roosevelt - Nov. 1952" written in pencil on the verso. Chipped corners and light surface wear, else near fine.

Russell Jordan Coles was a tobacco dealer from Danville, Virginia, who, like President Roosevelt, was an avid sportsman and field naturalist. He was, first and foremost, an ichthyologist. Roosevelt described Coles as "a hunter of the big game of the sea" who studied his prey with the eye of a biologist. In late March, 1917, Coles invited Roosevelt to the coast of southwest Florida to harpoon devilfish. This is one of the photographs taken on that trip. Roosevelt would stand on the bow of the boat, harpoon in hand, and Coles would shout "Iron him Colonel!" Roosevelt wrote of their adventures as "Devilfishers - successors of the Buccaneers" in Scribner's Magazine in late 1917.

Warren G. Harding Typed Letter Signed as president on White House letterhead. One page, 7" x 9", March 1, 1923, Washington, to Senator Selden P. Spencer of Missouri. In this letter, Harding explains why he has not nominated a federal judge in the Eastern District of Missouri. In part: "I think you must have understood that I have failed thus far to send in a nomination for a Federal Judge in the Eastern District of Missouri, because I have not been able to convince myself that I should nominate the candidate whom you so earnestly urge for that position. There is a violent protest from many sources against the nomination of Judge Garesche. The Attorney General has notified me that he finds himself unable to recommend the nomination. I think you can understand how reluctant I am to nominate without the recommendation of the head of the Department of Justice. Moreover, I am exceedingly reluctant to nominate when there is so much of opposition voiced against your candidate. It does not seem to be good politics to ride in the face of a storm of protests when it is manifestly easy to select an outstanding man for the place who may be found acceptable to all elements. I fully appreciate your loyalty to a friend. I have had the same feeling and maintained the same attitude myself on numerous occasions." President Harding closes by assuring Senator Spencer, "I shall make no nomination until I have further consulted with you." President Harding signed this letter only five months before his untimely death. Selden Spencer served as a U.S. senator from 1918 until his death in 1925. Toned with nice presidential signature; fine.

Warren Harding Presidential Coast Guard Appointment Signed "Warren G. Harding". One partly printed page, 20" x 16", March 5, 1923, "City of Washington", appointing Norman B. Hall "Lieutenant Commander (Engineering)". The appointment reads in part: "Know ye, That reposing special trust and confidence in the patriotism, valor, integrity and abilities of Norman B. Hall I have Nominated, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate do Appoint him Lieutenant Commander (Engineering) in the Coast Guard of the United States." In 1915, Norman B. Hall helped establish the earliest use of aviation in the U.S. Coast Guard. Hall, along with two other Coast Guard officers, experimented with using air patrol in searches for crippled maritime vessels along the Atlantic coast. The success of the experiment ushered in the use of aviation in the Coast Guard. President Harding's large signature sits at the bottom right of the document and is just slightly faded. With patriotic vignette and affixed with golden seal. No folds. Fine.

Calvin Coolidge Typed Letter Signed as president. One page, 7" x 9", December 5, 1923, Washington, on White House letterhead, to Senator Selden P. Spencer of Missouri. "Personal" is typed at the top and underlined. This letter, concerning how Coolidge handles government appointments, reads in part: "A very great many appointments come over my desk from the Departments which, necessarily, I take on their recommendation, because I have entire confidence in their judgment. I am also entrusted with the duty of making a great many myself. It is my intention to consult the members of the Senate of our party about these appointments. I wish you would keep this in mind and understand that if there is any other action it would be an oversight. There may be some cases where you will not be able to agree with me, but I want to let you know that I desire the suggestions of all those who are supporting and working with our party, and also to consult others that I might think would be helpful." President Coolidge had only been in office four months when he sent this letter to Selden Spencer, who served as senator from 1918 until his death in 1925. Toned with large presidential signature; fine.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Typed Letter Signed as President with Bill Signing Pen. One page, 7" x 9", July 24, 1940, Hyde Park, New York. The letter, to Captain Joseph M. Patterson, tells of the president signing H.R. 10100, "An Act To establish the composition of the United States Navy, to authorize the construction of certain naval vessels, and for other purposes." FDR adds, "Knowing of your great and helpful interest in this legislation, it occurred to me that you might care to have the pen with which I signed the Enroll Bill. I am sending it herewith and with it an expression of my sincere appreciation." The letter is framed in a shadow box with the 8" wood shaft dip pen (7.75" x 9.5" overall). Toned with light shadowing of the signature, else very fine.

Joseph Medill Patterson was an American journalist who became one of the most significant publishers in the country, founding the New York Daily News and introducing tabloid newspapers to the United States. After Patterson graduated from Yale University, he covered the police beat for the Chicago Tribune, which was founded by his grandfather. Patterson feuded with his father and resigned and announced he was a socialist. After his father died, Patterson took over the management of the Tribune, but soon left and founded the Daily News as a tabloid newspaper.

Harry Truman Autograph Personal Letter Signed "Harry" as U.S. Senator from Missouri with a postscript by future Secretary of the Treasury John Snyder signed "Snyder". One page, 7" x 10.5", July 16, 1936, Ft. Riley, Kansas, on "Harry S. Truman/ Independence, Mo." letterhead. Thanking William "Bill" M. Kirby for pictures, the future president writes in part: "I gave some to John Snyder and to Col. Mayo. Shall give Henringle some today. You had poor subjects to work on. Glad you got ordered and wish I could visit you but I can't. It's too far and I've played hookey long enough." Snyder's postscript reads, "We certainly do appreciate the picture gallery."

Harry Truman, the only president to participate in military combat during World War I, served as a battery commander of an artillery regiment in France. After the war, he rose to the rank of colonel in the Army Reserves and spent many of his summers training at Fort Riley, Kansas. As colonel, Truman commanded Captain William M. Kirby who was then working for the Missouri Employment Division (he later became its manager). The other men mentioned in the letter also trained at Fort Riley with Truman. John W. Snyder, who commanded another artillery reserve unit and was a personal friend, was later appointed by President Truman to be his secretary of the treasury. Included is an image of President Truman speaking with Secretary of the Treasury John W. Snyder. Smoothed folds; fine.

Harry Truman Typed Letter Signed as U.S. Senator from Missouri. One page, 8" x 10.5", August 10, 1937, Washington, D.C., on "United States Senate/ Committee on Interstate Commerce" letterhead, to William M. Kirby of Kansas City, Missouri. As a colonel in the Army Reserves, Harry Truman had commanded Captain William M. Kirby, who eventually became manager of the Missouri Employment Division. In this letter containing the names of several acquaintances from Missouri, Truman, a first-term senator, writes Kirby in part: "You can expect Jess Rogers to get up on his high horse and show how important he is. He owes his appointment to our political friends just the same as you would have if you had been a member of the Commission. I think you are mistaken about Frank Monroe. He wrote me about the matter when it happened and said that Porter did not have any sense or judgement [sic] but he thought it would work out all right. I wrote Lloyd [Lloyd C. Stark, governor from 1937-1941 and a rival of Truman] and told him to do what was right to let Porter go to hell." In 1937, Paul A. Porter (from Joplin) resigned from his position under Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace, to work at the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), a decision with which Truman, known for his quick temper and ability to curse, did not agree.

During his first term as U.S. Senator, Harry Truman desired a seat on the military affairs committee, but settled for one on the Interstate Commerce Committee (now known as the Committee on Commerce, Science, & Transportation). Later in January 1940, President Franklin Roosevelt sent a chance-of-a-lifetime offer to his future vice president to sit on the Interstate Commerce Commission, to which Truman said to tell the president to go to hell (Robert H. Ferrell, Harry S. Truman; University of Missouri Press: 1994). On toned paper with smoothed folds; fine.

Harry S. Truman Autograph Telegram Signed. One page, 8.5" x 7", ca. 1944, n.p., to "Mr. Haake" concerning Truman's Army Reserve "outfit". In full: "I am personally interested in this Artillery Trainor setup about which Jo Zak Miller talked to you. Please get it done; its my outfit." Truman enlisted with the National Guard and received a commission as a first lieutenant in 1917 in the 129th Field Artillery. The unit, composed of men from the Kansas City area like Jo Zach Miller and Truman himself, sailed for France in 1918 and fought at the Meuse-Argonne Offensive before returning to the U.S. in early 1919. Following the war, Truman joined the Army Reserve and received a commission as a major. Despite his work as a U.S. Senator in Washington from 1934 through his selection as Franklin Roosevelt's vice presidential choice in 1944, Truman continued to attend summer training camps. He retired from the Army Reserve in 1953 as a colonel.

Included in the lot is a facsimile of a newspaper article noting the nineteenth anniversary of the day the 129th Field Artillery entered the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in France during World War I. The telegram is toned and in fine condition.

John F. Kennedy Typed Letter Signed "John Kennedy" in response to a Korean War soldier's widow. One page, 8" x 10.5", May 11, 1953, Washington, D.C., on United States Senate stationery, sold with the attached transmittal envelope and a letter (dated May 7, 1953) containing questions from the widow of PFC John A. Stelline. Stephen J. D'Arcy, an insurance salesman, typed and sent the letter with the widow's three questions to the young Massachusetts' senator: "(1) When may she expect John's body home? (2) Will she receive such personal effects as her husband's wedding band? (3) . . . when may she expect [pension] payments to start?"

Kennedy responds, "This will acknowledge and thank you for your letter which arrived in my office today." He continued, "I want you to know that I have taken up the matter about which you wrote with the appropriate Government office. I will write you again as soon as I have further word." The senator ends this poignant letter with, "Assuring you of my wish to be of all possible assistance to you, I am, Sincerely yours, John Kennedy". Pencil notations, folds, and staple in upper left corner, else very fine. Boldly signed.

John F. Kennedy Signed Photograph. The black and white photograph is 11" x 14", matte finish, by Fabion Bachrach. The photo is inscribed "To Alden Sibley - With Best Regards - John F. Kennedy". Minor crimping at the corners, else very fine.

Major General Alden K. Sibley was a 1933 United States Military Academy graduate and Rhodes Scholar. Sibley earned three degrees in theoretical and nuclear physics. He was a White House aide to President Franklin Roosevelt and served in Africa, the Middle East, London, and Vietnam. General Sibley died in 1999.

Richard Nixon Souvenir Resignation Letter Signed. One page, 5" x 8". This souvenir letter is dated August 9, 1974, from the White House, Washington, and is addressed to "Mr. Secretary" (typed at the end of the letter is "The Honorable Henry A. Kissinger/ The Secretary of State/ Washington, D.C. 20520"). The body reads, "I hereby resign the Office of President of the United States./ Sincerely". Nixon's signature is in dark ink. Very fine.

Presidential Photograph Signed by Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. Undated color 8" x 10" print showing the four living presidents of the 1980s standing side by side in front of an American flag and a presidential flag. All signatures are boldly signed under each president. Very fine condition.

Braxton Bragg Autograph Letter Signed to Senator Samuel B. Maxey of Texas. Three pages, 5" x 8", April 5, 1875, Galveston [Texas], explaining that the reason he has refused to attend a reunion of Mexican War veterans is because of the "offensive" treatment of Jefferson Davis. Responding to a letter from Senator Maxey, the former Confederate general writes in part: "We do not differ in opinion. I am cordially with you in requiring the recent won in principle and in action, where a sacrifice of self respect is not required, and we are such in the same spirit by the other side. Had our people confirmed themselves to an invitation in Texas to all 'Mexican War Veterans' including officers of the army I should have said nothing. But they specifically selected all officers of the army, & specify 'Capt. U.S. Grant' as an offset to 'Col Jefferson Davis'. This might be very well when the Lion and the Lamb lie down together, but for the Lamb to ask that happy union whilst the Lordly Beast is making his daily breakfast from the [?] fold is a little too much."

The general then offers a fuller reason why he will not attend: "But, General, the matter which compels me to abstain is more directly personal. At a general meeting of the association at Austin in Jan'y. I attended by invitation, and joined and was initiated as a member. A part of the proceeding of that evening was to appoint a 'Committee of Arrangements' for an annual meeting in May. I was made chairman of that committee. At a meeting of that committee, held a few days thereafter, the question of inviting officers of the Army was discussed. And it was decided, as a matter of policy, and to secure harmony, not to entertain it. At the subsequent meeting of the association, a special committee is appointed to do this very thing, and in a way to be offensive to Mr: Davis, to whom I had written and from whom they had secd.[secured] his courteous reply, sent up by me. . . . I simply withdrew from the committee. Could I do less?"

Braxton Bragg (1817-1876) was a career United States Army officer, a general in the Confederate Army, and a principal commander in the western theater of the American Civil War. Throughout the Civil War, President Davis had been patient with the unpopular Bragg, who was known for his irritability. Bragg seems to repay the favor by not attending this reunion. Samuel Maxey (1825-1895), an attorney from Paris, Texas, was chosen as a delegate to Texas' 1861 Secession Convention. During the Civil War, he was promoted to a Confederate brigadier general and served in Tennessee with Bragg. Following a post-war pardon, he was elected to two terms as senator. This Reconstruction era letter, which has been passed down from the descendants of Senator Maxey, comes with the lightly soiled transmittal envelope addressed in Bragg's hand. Fine.

Jefferson Davis' Personal Copy of Biographical Sketches of Eminent American Statesmen with Speeches, Addresses and Letters Signed "Jefferson Davis" on a preliminary blank page. By B. F. Perry of Greenville. Philadelphia: The Ferree Press, 1887. 8vo. 612pp. With an albumen of the author in the frontispiece. As a South Carolina politician, Benjamin Franklin Perry (1805-1886) had opposed secession from the Union. As a result of his pro-Union stance, he was appointed by President Andrew Johnson as provisional governor of the state following the Civil War, serving from June 30 through November 29, 1865. Although not uncommon in autograph material, books signed by Davis are not often on the market. American Book Prices Current lists only two other signed volumes in the last twenty years. Re-bound in polished calf over marbled paper boards with gilt-stamped spine. Minor rodent damage to bottom edge. Very good.

Joseph E. Johnston Autograph Letter Signed "J. E. Johnston" to Senator Samuel B. Maxey of Texas. One page, 5.75" x 9", October 22, 1883, Washington, asking for a political appointment on behalf of an acquaintance. In part: "Col: John W. Glenn, who is a Texan and was a valuable officer of the Army of the Tennessee. As Engineer, is an applicant for the office of Supervising Architect, formerly occupied by Mr. [James] Hill. . . . I know him well. And am confident of his competence for the office mentioned. And beg you for such recommendation of him as you can give on the testimony of another."

The Office of Supervising Architect, a U.S. Treasury Department agency from 1852 through 1939, designed federal buildings. After James G. Hill resigned as the agency head in 1883, Colonel Glenn was overlooked for the appointment, which instead went to Mifflin E. Bell. Samuel Maxey (1825-1895), an attorney from Paris, Texas, was chosen as a delegate to Texas' 1861 Secession Convention. During the Civil War, he was promoted to a Confederate brigadier general and served in Tennessee, Texas, and the Indian Territory. Following a post-war pardon, he was elected to two terms as senator. Maxey served under Confederate General Joseph Johnston (1807-1891) in Tennessee. This letter, which has been passed down through the descendants of Senator Maxey, is offered here with the transmittal envelope, from which the original stamp has been cut. The letter is on lined paper, toned, and in fine condition.

George Pickett Autograph Letter Signed "Ever & 'forever' your devoted loving husband George". Two pages, 8" x 9.25", n.d. [ca. 1863], n.p., written to his young wife, Sallie, about recent Confederate troop movements. Pickett also mentions that he has not heard from General Robert E. Lee. In part: "I felt so perfectly lost last night. And like you, could not sleep. I rolled and tossed and thought of my heart, which was absent, but in the sweetest casket in the world. Aint it my true love? I thank you my pet for your hat, but ought I not to scold you? Will you ever let me give you any thing and not give it back to me? . . . Paper Philadelphia Enquirer just rec'd puts gold at 260 (two sixty). The enemy seems non-plussed as to the number of troops we have in Maryland. Should that matter go through all right, and I am afraid it will not, then, we will be relieved of this incubus in our [night?]. But if Salliette[?] darling of my heart will only for my sake take care of your precious self, and have the pretty[?] and come to see her husband. Wont she-yes I know she will. Husband does so long to be with her, to tell her so many things. To talk to her. She alone knows his heart. She alone shall ever, ever see it. . . . Have not yet heard anything from Mas Robert [E. Lee]." Below his closing, Pickett has written, "Kiss - ".

Confederate General George E. Pickett (1825-1875) is best known for his failed charge at Gettysburg. Three months after that decisive battle, the general married LaSalle "Sallie" Corbell. In the final years of the war, he wrote many letters to his young wife-Pickett was twice her age when they married. Those letters often dealt with the general's concerns for his family and his overwhelming love for Sallie, his third wife. This letter contains Pickett's typical phrases of devotion to her, as well as a brief reference to General Lee. Written in ink on lined paper, the letter contains several marginal nicks (some paper loss along top edge), but no text is lost. Taped repairs can be seen on both pages, but text is easily read.

George Pickett Autograph Letter Signed "Ever & 'forever' your devoted husband George". Two pages, 8" x 10", July 19 [1864], written to his young wife containing content on family, finances, and their newborn son. In part: "There are no two consecutive moments of the day that I am not thinking of you. Please darling of my heart, ask them whoever writes to tell me whether the little baby has had its tongue cut and whether it gets its nourishment from its own good Mama. And also to tell me whether my baby still has those miserable pains which she had yesterday. Oh dearest keep quiet like a good sweet Sallie. And you will get well so much sooner. . . . How much money have you still in bank-20,000? Pretty one, I ask because I have just gotten a statement of differences from bank. Anderson-and want to draw out of bank whatever may be necessary for your expenses, before calling on him. . . . I have plenty outside of that (100,000). It is raining gloriously today, and I am in hope the change in the weather will be beneficial to you. Please my own wife let me know of everything about you."

Civil War General George E. Pickett's letters to his wife, LaSalle Corbell "Sallie" Pickett, often dealt with his concerns for his family and his consuming love for his new bride (his third wife). Pickett and Sallie were married (he was eighteen years older than her) in September 1863. Most of his letters were composed during and following the later years of the Civil War and range from lengthy, elaborate love letters to brief notes hurriedly scribbled on available pieces of paper. Written in pencil on lined paper with marginal nicks, some fairly large with a small amount of text loss. Weakness at the folds, which involves some separation and repairs.

William T. Sherman Autograph Letter Twice Signed ("W. T. Sherman/ General" and "W. T. S.") to Senator Samuel B. Maxey of Texas concerning the retirement of General Edward Ord. Three and one-half pages, 8" x 10", December 17, 1880, Washington, D.C., on letterhead reading "Headquarters Army of the United States". Sherman begins the letter by thanking Senator Maxey for introducing a bill "to retire General Ord as a Major General." Showing his concern about how General Ord would be able to support his large family after retirement (he had thirteen children), Sherman, who had been appointed Commanding General of the United States Army in 1869, continues, "I thank you for this thoughtful interest in behalf of one of the truest, most unselfish, most meritorious men of the Army. . . . I hope you will be equally successful in obtaining a Bill to enable the President to retire Ord as a Major General. I don't like special Bills and am sure that if you can pass a Bill to enable the President to retire all or any of the old faithful officers according to their highest rank earned in war, that President Hayes or President Garfield will be only too happy to give Ord the benefit of this law. . . . I don't want to burden the Treasury, but a Great Country like ours should provide liberally for the declining days of old, faithful, brave officers like Ord. I have known him intimately for forty-four years, and don't think he ever lost a day of service from sickness or other cause and he has always been in the thickest of the fight and has been repeatedly wounded."

Sherman adds the following postscript to Senator Maxey, a former Confederate general: "P.S. It actually seems 'funny' that I should be forced to appeal to you 'a Rebel' to protect my oldest and best friend against the action of the 'Union President': but such is the fact." Sherman then writes a Latin phrase which can be translated, "The times are changing and so are we"; the phrase is followed by Sherman's second signature.

Edward Ord, a veteran of the Mexican War and Civil War, helped to suppress John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry in 1859. Thanks certainly to Sherman's request of Maxey, Ord was able to retire in December 1880 as a major general. Samuel Maxey (1825-1895), an attorney from Paris, Texas, was chosen as a delegate to Texas' 1861 Secession Convention. During the Civil War, he was promoted to a Confederate brigadier general and served in Tennessee, Texas, and the Indian Territory. Following a post-war pardon, he was elected to two terms as senator. This letter, which has been passed down from the descendants of Senator Maxey, is offered here with a U.S. Senate Chamber envelope. The letter contains folds and is written on lined paper. Fine condition.

Elizabeth Van Lew Collection: Containing Autograph Letters Signed, with Corresponding Letters and Memos, 1866-1867. Included are six letters (four written by Van Lew, three signed "E. L. Van Lew") and five military memos regarding Union spy Elizabeth Van Lew's attempts to receive financial aid from the U.S. government, as well as her attempt to retrieve her espionage records from the U.S. Government. Also included are recollections by Van Lew about some of her difficult operations as a leader in the Union spy network around Richmond.

Elizabeth Van Lew (1818-1900), sometimes called "Crazy Bet", was the daughter of a Richmond slave owner. As a teenager, she was educated at a Quaker school in Philadelphia where she became a passionate abolitionist. During the Civil War, she served as a Union spy gathering vital intelligence within the Confederate capital city of Richmond. She was very successful, sometimes sending information to the headquarters of General Grant and Major General Benjamin Butler. Grant, thankful for her help, paid her a personal after his entrance into the fallen city. It is supposed that Van Lew planted a slave in Jefferson Davis' house to spy on the first family. After the war, Van Lew remained in Richmond, a city which treated her with animosity for her traitorous war-time activities.

Ostracized and on the verge of poverty by late 1866, Van Lew attempted to secure financial aid from the U.S. Government. Helping her was Benjamin Tatham, a New York Quaker. Two Tatham autograph letters signed, both dated October 1866 and addressed to Isaac Newton of Washington, are included in this collection. According to the letters, Tatham had only recently met Ms. Van Lew and was concerned about her financial straits and social ostracism: "owing to the turn of events the rebellious spirit is again in the ascendant and their [Richmond's] hostility so open and bitter against all loyalists that the Van Lews are in social dissertion[?] with the rebel sympathizers that they have determined to leave Richmond as soon as they can do so" (October 19). In the next letter, Tatham reports to Newton the hopeful news that he has found out that "Gen'l. Comstock & Gen'l. Grant know all about the case." Still, Van Lew's situation was deteriorating: "they [Elizabeth Van Lew and her mother] talk of opening a boarding house! I hope it will not come to that".

Van Lew was aware that Tatham was lobbying for her aid. Four letters written by Van Lew are included in the collection; three have been signed, while one is a partial letter. On January 15, 1867, possibly referring to an invitation from Newton to plead her case for financial help in Washington, Van Lew wrote to Tatham of her "wounded pride" at the very thought of asking for financial help. But, she reasoned, she had an opportunity to go to Washington "to represent the suffering and insulted condition of the loyal". She found the courage to make that trip by "remembering that through the war humbly to be sure, but as faithfully as I could, I represented the US Govt." (That letter was written on "Bureau of Refugees, freedmen and Abandoned Lands, Head Quarters Assistant Commissioner Department of the Potomac" letterhead.)

Van Lew was certainly instrumental in the Union's war effort against the Confederacy. In one letter, Van Lew recounts how, working under orders from Union Colonel George H. Sharpe, the head of the Bureau of Military Information (the first formal intelligence agency in the U.S.), she had recruited Samuel Ruth, a Virginia railroad superintendent, as a spy: "The US Government wanted to communicate with Mr. Ruth The Superintendent of the R & Fred. RR. Word was sent to me that it must be done. . . . I finally undertook it myself, and succeeded." She then details events that led up to Ruth's arrest. (Ruth used his position with the railroad, as well as his railroad employees as agents, to work against the Confederacy.) He was eventually arrested, but Van Lew insisted that "He would not be safe now should this be known."

Likely hoping to protect people like Ruth, as well as herself, Van Lew hoped to get possession of her intelligence records from the U.S. War Department so that the true extent of her activity against the South would not be known. In a January 22, 1867, letter, she informs Benjamin Tatham that she "would prefer to have all my papers sent by express, as then they would be safer." The next day she wrote thanking an unnamed recipient for a $100 loan and asking them "to send me, when you have finished with it, the Washington Package, just as I sent it to you. It belongs to me now." Though Van Lew does not specifically identify the "papers" or the "Washington Package", it is known that in December 1866, she requested all of her intelligence records from the War Department, which did return much of her material to her in early 1867. Much of this returned material was either lost or destroyed by Van Lew; surviving secret intelligence from her are rare. (Elizabeth R. Varon. Southern Lady, Yankee Spy: The True Story of Elizabeth Van Lew, a Union Agent in the Heart of the Confederacy. Oxford University Press US, 2003.)

Also included are five memos, one written on an "office wrapper", within the "Head Quarters Dept. of the Potomac", all dated October 30 through November 23, 1866, concerning Van Lew's Richmond situation. The memos show concern for her and her mother, both "notorious for their loyalty and that their present condition is correctly represented by Mr. Totham." The memos are between the offices of Generals John Schofield and Orlando Brown.

Elizabeth Van Lew never received the government aid she sought. She was later appointed by President Grant as Richmond's postmaster. All letters are in very good or fine condition. (Larry G. Eggleston. Women in the Civil War: Extraordinary Stories of Soldiers, Spies, Nurses, Doctors, Crusaders, and Others. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2003.)

[Stand Watie] Four Documents Pertaining to the Service of Cherokee Indians in the Confederate Army During the Civil War. Includes (listed in chronological order):

Printed Regulations Titled "Regulations For the payment of claims for arrears of pay and allowances due to deceased officers and soldiers of the Confederate Army, per Act No. 402, approved February 15th, 1862, and Act No. 30, approved October 8th, 1862." Dated "Treasury Department, C.S.A, Second Auditor's Office. Richmond, Va., November 1st, 1862." 3 pages, 8.5" x 10.25", with the required forms printed on pages two and three. Signed in typed by W. H. S. Taylor, as approved by G.W. Randolph, Secretary of War. Heavy wear, with chipping and separation at folds. Parrish & Willingham 2117.

Manuscript retained copies of correspondence all dated May 27, 1864, on a single sheet, 8.25" x 13", stating that the printed regulations and requirements (listed above) "are not intended to apply to the claimants of the several Indian Nations, further that the condition of such Nations and their laws and customs may enable them to conform to such regulations..." The exception to the requirements which included documentation and notarization not practiced by the Cherokee Nation was likely instigated at the request of Elias C. Boudinot, a representative of the Cherokees and relative of Watie. A retained copy of his letter appears last on the sheet. Docketed on verso in another hand, "Cherokee Nation Regulations - Hon. E.C. Boudinot Delegate [last line is illegible]" Wear and multiple separations along folds, including a small chip affecting three words at the lower right.

Manuscript orders addressed to Stand Watie as Brigadier General of the Cherokee cavalry, one page, 7" x 9.25", "Fort Towson C[herokee] N[ation] / April 13th 1865". In part: "The Gen Comdg directs me to enclose copies of Orders No. 44... with the request that you make out in provision with the recommendations for Staff Officers for your Division..." With endorsements on the verso stating that order No. 44 is enclosed (not present), and a docket "Brig Genl. Watie" (not in Watie's hand). Light toning and chip along top horizontal fold resulting in a bit of paper loss affecting a single word.

Manuscript orders addressed to Stand Watie as Brigadier General of the Cherokee cavalry, one page, 7" x 9.25", "Fort Towson C[herokee] N[ation] / April 26th 1865". In part: "The Brig.Genl. Comdg. Desires that you send him a copy of your authority from the Sec. of War authorizing you to raise a Brigade in the Confederate States. He desires this to file in the office that when matters are refered [sic] to him in connection with recruiting within Ind. and Arks. That he can show that you have been authorized so to do." Docketing on verso indicates the letters contents and acknowledging receipt of the order on May 27. It is important to note that Robert E. Lee had surrendered his forces at Appomattox on April 9th, four days prior to the previously listed orders, and more than two weeks prior to these orders. The Cherokee Cavalry under Watie's command would not surrender to Union forces until late June. With several chips along margins affecting only a single word. Ex. Doris Harris.

[Samuel Wylie Crawford] Post-Civil War Archive of Thirty Letters to Union General Crawford dating from 1874 to 1892 from various Union Generals, political figures, and other notables. Content ranges from purely social to commentary on origin of the war as well as disputes regarding events and critiques of articles and memoirs that were being published.

Crawford was a U.S. army surgeon and was on duty at Fort Sumter at the time of the bombardment by rebel forces that launched the Civil War. The attack had a profound effect, a month later Crawford made a drastic career change, leaving medicine in favor of accepting a commission as a major in an infantry division. After being promoted to brigadier general in April 1862, Crawford led a brigade at the Battle of Cedar Mountain, and was later wounded at the Battle of Antietam.

It is fair to say that his experience at Fort Sumter was life-changing and years later, it would become the focus of his book The Genesis of the Civil War: The Story of Sumter 1860-1861 (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1887). A few of the letters in this archive are written in response letters from him while he is researching his book.

Includes:
Winfield Scott Hancock, two Autograph Letters Signed, with a third Letter Signed.
William T. Sherman, two Autograph Letters Signed, one dated September 21, 1874 sending "a card photograph which is by Brady of this city..." Near fine. Second letter has some toning and a bit mat burn on verso.
Henry M. Hoyt Autograph Letter Signed, 4pp., great content responding to Crawford's book "You have carefully refrained from calling the actors in secession as conspirators... But I must and do hold the 'the assistant Secretary of State' - some members of the Cabinet - and members of Congress who kept their seats while conspiring to help the rebellion were conspirators..."
Gouverneur K. Morris Autograph Letter Signed, April 24, 1882. Declining to attend a ceremony at Gettysburg, adding: "Don't let the name of Genl Meade be forgotten nor any note of detraction go unsilenced on that field..."
William S. Rosencrans Autograph Letter Signed on House of Representatives letterhead.
Fitz-John Porter Autograph Letter Signed, 2 pages, May 16, 1892, asking for Crawfords aid in securing Col. McClellan's manuscripts and materials so that they may be published to honor the gallantry of the 5th Corps. Also references Generals Web and Chamberlain.
Otis O. Howard Letter Signed on West Point letterhead.
Wallace W. Johnson two Autograph Letters Signed both with excellent regarding events at Gettysburg. Johnson received the Congressional Medal of Honor for his gallantry at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Joseph Holt, Secretary of War under Buchanan, Autograph Letter Signed, 4pp., March 26, 1887. Great content responding to Crawford's "unfriendly criticism" of Buchanan in his book. In particular he refutes Crawford "that general members of the Cabinet - myself included - had called on Prest Buchanan & threatened to resign if a certain letter to the commissioners of South Carolina- the draught of which he had prepared - was sent. I denounce this to you as a rebel fiction."
Edwin A. Post sends a congratulatory letter for his book, 4pp., March 29, 1888. Great content noting the conspiracies leading to the rebellion, noting in particular the weaknesses of Buchanan adding: "Had there been a man of determination... like Andrew Jackson during the nullification times - the smoldering fire would have been extinguished..."
Daniel Sickles two Autograph Letters Signed. In an undated letter "Sunday", 4 pages: "I like the idea of memorials at Gettysburg representing Brigades - Divisions - Corps. The Regimental notion has obtained so strong a footing that it is now difficult to supersede it. My old Brigade - and the Irish Brigade will generally combine for Brigade Memorials..." Near fine condition. Second letter has dampstaining.
Frederick W. Seward Autograph Letter Signed, Washington, August 20, 1879. At top noting "Unofficial" and in part: "It is not necessary for me, at this late day, to prove that my father was an anti-slavery man." He recommends that Crawford refer to the senior Seward "Life and Letters", page 778 for an account of the incident he inquires about.

Condition varies from good to near fine, with the majority of the material being very good. Additional items in this lot are on our website at HA.com/6031-72001.

Slavery: Partly Printed Receipt for Use of a Slave by the Confederate Engineer Department. One page, 6.25" x 4", March 4, 1864, Richmond, "Headquarters Engineer Department, D.N.V." "Received of C. D. Bennett Sheriff of Pittsylva[nia] County, Va., Squire, slave of Geo W. Clement to labor on fortifications in this department." The receipt is issued by the order of "Col. W. H. Stevens/ Chief Construction D. N. V." and is signed by Agent C. P. Hyde. Fine.

Union Soldiers Group of Eight Letters, including one with Siege of Petersburg content. Eight letters by Lieut. Robert S. Thompson of Company D of the Pennsylvania 62nd Brigade, 31 pages, from various locations and spanning the months of March through December 1864, all addressed to Ms. Amanda Wallace of Pittsburgh, who is likely a pen pal he has never met. Detailed content regarding his service and daily camp life. In brief part: "Near Beal[e]ton Station, Va March 29th 1864... I do hope we may have success whatever may be the sacrifice. I have confidence in Lieut. Gen. Grant if only the Washington Department only [scratched out] allows him to have his way... Our Army has been consolidated into 3 corps... You say you have 'brown' complexion. I hardly know what kind that is... April 8th 1864... I almost shudder to look back over the terrible scenes of slaughter I have witnessed and then to think that the end is not near yet... all is quiet in camp. The men are nearly all in good health and spirits. They are now busy kicking foot ball... April 18th 1864... One of my brothers was a Capt in the 103rd but resigned on account of ill health shortly after the seven days fight [Seven Days Battle, June 25 to July 1, 1862] before Richmond... The anticipation of the coming battle does not sadden me. Though we generally do look forward to a great battle with a sort of indescribable feeling of hope and fear... City Point, Va. June 19th 64 [Second Battle of Petersburg]... Our Regiment was engaged last evening again though not hotly. Lost a few more men. I fear if they continue fighting we will not have many to go home... We are now on the South side of the James River and a severe battle has been fought around Petersburg. We have lost heavily - many noble men have fallen - I was at the Regt today and I had to go on my hands and knees to get to them - as the Rebel sharpshooters kept banging away at everyone that raised his head. I saw one shot down while I was there, by his exposing himself to view. I think Petersburg will fall tomorrow..." Townsend was overly optimistic regarding the impending fall of Petersburg. The Siege of Petersburg continued until March 1865, with heavy losses to both sides. Townsend was mustered out the following month on July 13, 1864.

His last letter is written as a civilian from Marietta, Ohio. In part: "Dec. 22 1864... We are again greeted by glad news of Victory!! Hurrah for Sherman & Thomas. Although I am a Copperhead, I do most gladly rejoice in Victory..." Copperheads strongly opposed the war, and most blamed Lincoln and the abolitionists for the outbreak as well as the prolonged period it was lasting. Unlike most Copperheads that resisted the draft and actually encouraged Union Soldiers to desert, Thompson served a full three years in the army. Accompanied by seven of the original transmittal envelopes. Overall condition is very clean, save a few minor separations at folds.

Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run Confederate Soldier's Letter, complete but unsigned and written only four days after the battle. Three pages, 7.75" x 9.75", July 25, 1861, n.p. [Virginia]. The letter's author, an unnamed soldier, gives a truly riveting eyewitness account of the battle from his viewpoint, likely an artillery unit in one of General Beauregard's brigades. Only describing himself as "hardy as any of the soldiers", the soldier clearly understood the magnitude of that first major battle of the Civil War: "The great battle has been fought, and this military necessity is now removed. Great events have transpired since I wrote you. The political world has shook to its centre. Many of freedom's hopeful children have stooped down to bite the dust. The whole South has been made to weep bitter tears over her fallen sons, but mingled with those tears, she swells the song of joy at the grandest achievement of the present age a complete victory over the combined and mighty thousands of the North."

That "complete victory" came on July 21, 1861, at Bull Run, when the largest army yet assembled on the North American continent, under the command of Union General Irvin McDowell, gathered in preparation for its advance to Richmond. Standing in its path was a large Confederate force commanded by Brigadier Generals Joseph E. Johnston and P. G. T. Beauregard. This Confederate soldier's narration of what took place next provides important details of one of the most important battles of the Civil War: "All was quiet untill the 21st, Sunday morning. . . . Instead of preparing for church, we rubed up our guns, and prepared for the greatest battle ever fought on the Continent of America. Two great armies, numbering nearly two hundred thousand and bitter enemies, slept in hearing of each other. About seven in the morning, the cannonade opened. . . . For a long time the battle was doubtful. Thousand after thousand of our men rushed into the deepening conflict; and were cut to pieces. . . . Impatient bombs rushed through the air, singing a strange song that none of us had ever heard before. I did some firstrate dodging and took the best possible care of myself. . . . As soon as they came in range of our guns, we opened a heavy fire. The very heavens seemed falling down. I can never tell my feelings. . . . At last, the great army in our front began to tremble . . . their canon was hushed. . . . They fled from the glory field."

When the smoke cleared, losses for the North were near 3,000 and for the South, near 2,000. This eyewitness, writing with the horrible convulsions of battle still fresh in his mind, reported the losses this way to his unnamed recipient: "I cannot tell their loss of life. They variously estimate it at from fifteen hundred to ten thousand. Our loss in killed and wounded will not exceed 2,500." As if foreshadowing that the war was far from over, the letter ends, "We have advanced again." The letter is well-preserved on toned paper. Fine.

Confederate Currency: Twelve Consecutively Numbered Confederate $10 Bills, engraved by Keatinge & Ball in Columbia, South Carolina, featuring horses pulling a limber and cannon with Confederate cabinet member R. M. T. Hunter on the right. Each bill is 7 1/8" x 3 1/8" and issued February 17, 1864, at Richmond, Virginia. Each bill is hand signed and numbered in brown ink from 30662 to 30673. All uncirculated.

King George's War: Autograph Bounty Document of American Naval Privateer. One page, 13.5" x 17", Rhode Island, May, 25, 1744. The document is an agreement between the crew of the fourteen-gun brig, The Caesar, a privateer sailing out of Rhode Island under the command of Captain John Griffith, and two Rhode Island merchants, Philip Wilkinson and Daniel Ayrault, Jr. It calls for the merchants, acting as prize agents, to dispose of the captured Spanish privateer The Santisima Trinidad las Almas de Purgatorio y San Antonio de Padua and to pay each member of The Caesar's crew, the "mariners of foremast men", a bounty of five Pounds Sterling for the capture of the enemy ship. The document is signed by each of The Caesar's officers and crew, thirty-nine signatures or marks with red wax seals in all. Folds and light toning, else very fine.

The Caesar operated as a privateer under the authority of the British Royal Navy harassing Spanish shipping during the War of Jenkins' Ear (1739-1748). It was during that period that The Caesar captured the Santisima Trinidad las Almas de Purgatorio y San Antonio de Padua. When, in 1744, France allied itself with Spain against Great Britain in the War of Austrian Succession, also known as King George's War, The Caesar was sent to lay siege to the French fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island. The Caesar was involved in several engagements with French ships and transported French prisoners after the fall of Louisbourg. In early 1746 It was lost off the west end of the island of Bermuda, but Captain Griffith and the crew were saved.

[War of 1812 - Capture of the Fort at Point Peter] An 1841 certified fair copy of the report and return filed by Captain Abraham A. Massias, 1st Rifle Major on the British capture of Fort Peter Point at the end of the War of 1812. 4 pages, 8" x 12.5", copied from the military papers of General Thomas Pinckney, Charleston Dist., South Carolina, Feb. 5, 1841. Including a fair copy of Gen. John Floyd's transmittal letter "communicating the unpleasant intelligence of the capture" and the "particulars" therein.

Massias' report eloquently details his plans for retreat of his small "but brave little force" of 160 from the onslaught of 1500 British troops. "...I console myself with a consciousness of having done my best for its preservation & of being particularly fortunate in making good a Retreat... The Enemy's loss must have been considerable, the defile was covered with blood, on officer was distinction wearing Epaulets was among the slain..." The Return filed by Massias lists 1 killed, 4 wounded, and 9 missing. In near fine condition and a complete certification seal.

[Andrew Jackson] John Coffee's Creek War Order Book. Near forty-five pages containing general orders, court-martial notes, and battle reports of the Creek War campaign, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson. Most of the general orders found in this 7.5" x 12" "Order Book" are directed to Brigadier General John Coffee, who was promoted from colonel during the war. With orders concerning the bloody and decisive battles of Tallushatchee and Horseshoe Bend.

The Creek War, commonly included as part of the War of 1812, began in early 1813. Tennessean Major General Andrew Jackson was initially sent with a force of near 3,000 to fight the Creek Indians in Alabama who had attacked American settlers there. Jackson, who assumed the Creek were aiding the British, arrived on the scene with his troops in October 1813. This order book is divided into two parts.

Part One begins at Fort Gibson [Alabama] on October 20th, 1813, and ends at Fort Deposit [Alabama] on May 5, 1814, with specific orders for John Coffee concerning the Battle of Tallushatchee. On November 2, 1813, the day before that bloody battle, the order book reads from "Head Quarters": "Genl. Coffee with one thousand of his Brigade will with all practicable dispatch cross the Coosa River a the fish dam ford; & forthwith with one half of his force proceed to Tallashatchy, & destroy it. The other half of his force so soon as he crosses the river he will dispatch under a discreet officer to the ten Islands with orders to scour the intervening Country of all hostile Creeks, & to form a cover for the force immediately under the command of Gen. Coffee." The battle, fought on November 3, was a huge success for Coffee. In a later entry (dated April 1814), Coffee gives a full three page report of the conflict, which begins with the first steps of the march at 6:00 a.m. on the 3rd. According to the report, he had with him "about six hundred Indians, five hundred of which were Cherokees, and the balance friendly Creeks. . . . When within half a mile of the village the savage yell was raised by the enemy." Coffee's Indians attacked "After seeing about one hundred of the warriors, and all the squaws and children of the enemy running about among the huts of the village which was open to our view". According to Coffee's report, many enemy Creek warriors were killed trying to escape in the Coosa River: "I feel warranted in saying that from two hundred and fifty to three hundred of the enemy was buryed under water, and was not numbered with the dead that was found." The report ends with Coffee joining "the main army" that evening at 7:00 p.m. Under Coffee's command that day was Davy Crockett who wrote of the battle in his autobiography, "We . . . shot them like dogs" (Davy Crockett. A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett. E. L. Carey and A. Hart Publishers, 1834). This was the first major battle of Jackson's campaign. Coffee was promoted to brigadier general following the victory. After the battle, a dead Creek woman was found still holding her baby. Jackson took the boy to the Hermitage and adopted him, naming him Lyncoya.

The orders for November 6, issued three days after the battle by Andrew Jackson, direct General Coffee to seize any food left by the Tallushatchee Indians: "Brigadier John C. Coffee will forthwith detach from his Brigade five hundred man enclusive of officers, to the town Tallshachy lately destroyed, to collect & bring into camp all the corn that can be found at or near the town, which is to be deposited as a common fund for the benefit of the whole Division. They are also to bring in all stock that can be found. They will further faithfully examine for the Sign of the hostile Creeks and search into the trail discovered by some of the cavalry on the 5th instant."

Several hard months followed the victory, according to the book. Some troops displayed a "seditious and mutinous disposition" which had "begun to manifest itself amongst some of the troops from the Eastern division of the State [Tennessee]." In a message given to the troops at Fort Williams, dated April 5, 1814, Jackson begins on a celebratory note: "Brave soldiers from Tennessee! The commanding general sees with pleasure the speedy termination of the Creek War". He then addressed the army's discipline problems with threats of severe discipline: If the "Rumour" be true, "At all hazards it shall be put down. He [Jackson] will like a fond parent ever watchfull for the welfare and reputation of his children, prevent them from disgracing themselves or by mutiny and sedition forfeiting their lives."

Other general orders found in this part of the book contain detailed instructions for troop action "In case of an attack", as well as orders addressing the proper procedures for soldiers obtaining water and wood. One ominous order directs that "every soldier shall sleep upon his arms." The final general orders of the book, issued in April and May following Jackson's final victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, dealt with the transport of the sick and the mustering out of some regiments. Despite the troops' discontent, Jackson maintained control and forced the Creek to end the war in August 1814, thus giving the U.S. 3/5 of modern Alabama.

Part Two, found at the end of the book, begins at "Head Quarters Fort Strother" on March 2, 1814, and ends at "Head Quarters Fort Williams" on March 23, 1814. It contains general orders for troop activity leading up to the war's final and decisive battle at Horseshoe Bend. This part ends four days before the battle with Jackson personally leading 4,000 troops to Horseshoe Bend, a battle fought on March 27, four days after the final entry. Also included in this part are records of officer promotions, troop behavioral instructions (including detailed instructions for troop behavior under attack), and orders for troop movements (including the amounts of rations to take).

John Coffee (1772-1833) settled near Nashville, Tennessee in 1798. He soon met Andrew Jackson (1767-1845), who had arrived in the state ten years earlier. They quickly became business partners, military associates, and close friends. After the war, Coffee served as surveyor general of public lands in Alabama from 1817 until his death in 1833. In 1819, he purchased land in Lauderdale and Limestone Counties in northern Alabama. Shortly afterwards, he moved his family there, near modern day Florence. Coffee, a tall man (6'2" and near 200 pounds, according to his granddaughter), married Rachel Donelson Jackson's niece, Mary Donelson, in 1809, further cementing his friendship with Andrew Jackson. This order book is bound and the wrappers, though soiled and stained, are in surprisingly good shape. Contains several blank pages in the middle of the book.

Included with the order book is a modern typed transcript (likely from the mid-twentieth century) of a letter with great content on the Battle of New Orleans. According to the transcript, the original letter, from Coffee to his wife, was dated January 30, 1815, and written from Camp Coffee, "4 miles above Orleans". Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

George S. Boutwell Typed Letter Signed "Geo. S. Boutwell". Two and one-third pages, 8" x 10.5", November 22, 1898, Boston, to General Nelson A. Miles with observations on the situation in the Philippines shortly after the hostilities ceased between the U.S. and Spain during the Spanish-American War. Responding to questions from General Miles, Boutwell writes, "First of all our army in the Phillipines [sic] has not under its control a population much in excess of the population of the city of Manila, which, upon the best of authority, contains not more than 300,00 inhabitants. . . . Our forces are there as an army of conquest by sea and by land, and the people of the Islands, by international law and by unbroken usage, are enemies, and they are protected only as conquered cities and provinces are for the time being protected by military authority". Directly advising General Miles, Boutwell writes, "The political questions are not decided and I think it would have been wise on your part to have kept yourself free from any entanglement concerning them." At the top of the letter, Boutwell has handwritten, "Personal and Confidential" and "(Copy)". Throughout the letter, he has marked various grammatical corrections in black ink.

George S. Boutwell (1818-1905) served as Abraham Lincoln's internal revenue commissioner, President Grant's treasury secretary, and governor of Massachusetts. After his long and distinguished career as a statesman, Boutwell, an anti-imperialist, opposed the U.S. annexation of the Philippines following the Spanish-American War. The peace treaty between the U.S. and Spain was signed in Paris exactly three weeks after this letter was written. General Nelson A. Miles, a veteran of the Civil War and the Indian Wars, was an important commander in the Spanish-American War, personally leading the Puerto Rican invasion. Slight toning; fine.

[Dwight D. Eisenhower] Broadside of Eisenhower's Proclamation Announcing the Liberation of France, June 1944. One page, 16.5" x 16.75", printed, in French. The poster announces, "Citoyens Francais: Le jour de la dèliverance se lève" (Citizens of France, The day of deliverance has broken). Eisenhower assures the French that, "Avec nos valeureux alliès russes, nous marchons vers la victoire certain" (With our valorous Russian allies we march toward the certain victory). These broadsides were posted in the liberated areas around the Normandy beachheads in June 1944 by the American, British, Canadian, and Free French forces that finally breeched Adolf Hitler's "Fortress Europe". Very few of these broadsides survived due to their fragile nature and the intervening sixty-five years. Toning, staining, and folds, else very good.

Manhattan Project Archive of Research Materials and Correspondence. An extensive archive including lab books, results, presentation papers, and communications; from Frick Laboratories at Princeton University, dated 1942-1946, produced by the research group headed by Dr. N. Howell Furman that served as part of what was collectively titled The Manhattan Project.

The Manhattan Project was carried out by the Army's Corps of Engineers Manhattan Engineer District. The scope of work included the development of the atomic bomb, as well as the acquisition of raw materials needed. Within the army, the project was headed by Leslie Groves, who was made a Brigadier General for the purposes of heading the project. Groves selected Oak Ridge, Los Alamos, and Hanford Engineering in Washington State as the primary sites for theoretical work and materials production. However important contributions were made by many laboratories across the country, including the work done by Furman's team at Princeton University. There were thousands of scientists involved; but the most celebrated scientist associated with the project was J. Robert Oppenheimer, the head of the Los Alamos, who was charged with the responsibility of bringing together all of these contributions into a single workable design, and then actually producing the bomb.

Offered here is an extensive archive that records a portion of the work conducted at Frick Laboratories, Princeton University, by a team of scientists headed by N. Howell Furman. Our research confirms that the documents listed below are not part of the archive currently held at Seeley G. Mudd Library at Princeton, although it is clear that both are but small parts of what was originally a much larger archive. Many of the papers contained are stamped confidential, but all were declassified in 1954. It is likely that these papers were kept in Furman's laboratories, and after Furman's death were lost track of. Our consignor came to find them on the occasion of their being discarded in preparation for work being done at Frick in the 1970s. This was likely done in error, as Mudd lists their holdings as only occupying three linear feet.

Includes:
A form letter by K.D. Nichols on Armed Service Forces letterhead, personalized to "Prof. N. Howell Furman", one page, 8" x 10.5", Manhattan District, Oak Ridge Tennessee, undated but marked as "Rec'd Aug 7 - 1945". The letter related the news that the purpose and existence of the Manhattan Engineer District has been made public, but that all security measures must remain in place. The announcement made possible for participants in the project to reveal their connection to the project, although the "nature of your activities" had to remain secret. "It is the desire of the War Department to make available information which can be released without jeopardizing the security of vital phases of the project." The letter was likely issued to coincide with the bombing of Hiroshima, and its aim was to control the flow of information to the media.

This particular letter has been inserted as the first page in a black "spring" binder (of which there are a total of ten in this archive) that contains a paper titled "A Method for the Determination of Minute Traces of Metals. Electro-deposition followed by Polarographic Estimation." Total of 24 pages, by C.E. Brickman and N.H. Furman, dated May 12, 1942, and at top, "Contribution from the Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton University." Marked "Confidential". It is possible that this particular paper was the team's contribution to the "Manhattan Project".

Period Copy of a Congratulatory Letter from the War Department, one page, 8" x 10.5", August 7, 1945, the day after the bombing of Hiroshima. Addressed: "To the Men and Women of the Manhattan District Project", and reading in part: "Today the whole world knows the secret which you have helped us keep for many months. I am pleased to be able to add that the warlords in Japan now know its effects better even than we ourselves. The atomic bomb which you have helped to develop with high devotion to patriotic duty is the most devastating military weapon that any country has ever been able to turn against its enemy. No one of you has worked on the entire project or known the whole story. Each of you has done his own job and kept its own secret... "At bottom a typed note indicates that this copy was reproduced by "Madison Square Area" on August 8, 1945. Heavily toned and fragile, with chipping and a few small tears at margins, all well away from the text.

Original Western Union Telegram, one page, 8" x 5.75", August 10, 1945, to Dr. NH Furman, from Kelley Madison Square Area Manhattan Project. In part: "Surrender of Japan appears imminent. Cessation of hostilities doe not repeal nor affect our program and all our work should continue as scheduled. Continue present security measures..." The second bomb had been dropped on Nagasaki the previous day, August 9, 1945. Fold lines present, toned; otherwise near fine. Stamped docket on verso.

A large black ledger kept by Furman to record samples received from various locations, including MIT, US Engineers, Westinghouse, and DuPont. Each line entry notes the type and amount of the sample, as well as the date received and the date reported. With two additional cloth-bound ledgers kept by Furman, the first for the period December 1, 1942 to October 1, 1944; and the second from October 15, 1944 in which the last record is Feb. 5, 1946. Furman notes at the top of the first page: "Record of work & samples Jan. 26, 1942 - Dec. 1942 in 'Special Defense Note Book'". The larger ledger first listed is likely what Furman is denoting as the "Special Defense Note Book".

Also:
Small note book (approx. 4" x 7"), 180pp., belonging to W.B. Mason, containing a handwritten list of research studies published that pertain to cupferron. Three green marbled lab books , likely kept by members of the team, from the year 1944, all recording experiments and results, some which may be related to the Manhattan Project. Ten black "spring"binders of papers and presentations prepared by Furman's Princeton Analytical Group. Deferment papers for members of Furman's team, correspondence relating to the declassification of documents for use in oral presentations at scientific meetings, graphs, charts, receipts, and extensive notations made on scraps of paper.

The collection of papers contained (over 2 linear feet) is too vast to list in great detail, and we strongly recommend all interested parties to carefully review its contents. Although the papers presented groundbreaking research in its day, the information contained is likely quotidian by today's standards of theoretical research. However, the value of the archive as a relic of the Manhattan Project and the birth of the atomic age is immeasurable. This is the first time an archive of this type has been available at auction.

Manhattan Project: Program for the Army-Navy Production Award Ceremony Signed by Key Members of the Atomic Bomb Project, including: Major General Leslie R. Groves, Officer in Charge; Commodore W. S. Parsons, Associate Director, Los Alamos Project; Colonel K. D. Nichols, Manhattan District Engineer; Major Matthew H. Imrie; Dr. Robert G. Sproul, President of the University of California; Brigadier General W. A. Collier; Stanley Stewart; and, others. There are a total of fifteen signatures on the cover of the program. The ceremony was held at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory on October 16, 1945. The program measures 6.25" x 9.35" and has four pages with an embossed color production award flag on the cover. The program is accompanied by a 9.5" x 7.5" black and white photograph of General Groves presenting the production scroll and the distinguished guests on the dais, most of whom signed this program.

Together with the 3.75" x 2.5" identification card issued to twelve-year-old Clara Jo Noel by the War Department U. S. Engineer Office for the Los Alamos Laboratory. Young Miss Noel, the daughter of a laboratory contractor, collected the signatures at the ceremony. Minor smudges to the program, else all fine.

The man who accepted the scroll from General Groves was the director of the Los Alamos project, Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. In his speech, Oppenheimer issued a warning, "If atomic bombs are to be added as new weapons to the arsenals of a warring world, or to the arsenals of nations preparing for war, then the time will come when mankind will curse the names of Los Alamos and Hiroshima." He added that, "The peoples of the world must unite, or they will perish. This war, that has ravaged so much of the earth, has written these words. The atomic bomb has spelled them out for all men to understand. Other men have spoken them, in other times, of other wars, of other weapons. They have not prevailed. There are some, mislead by a false sense of human history, who [sic] hold that they will not prevail today. It is not for us to believe that. By our works we are committed, committed to a world united, before the common peril, in law, and in humanity." After the ceremony, as Clara Jo was gathering the signatures, Robert Oppenheimer rushed past her, with his usual preoccupied look. She missed her opportunity to obtain his signature for October 16, 1945, was the day Robert Oppenheimer resigned as director of the Los Alamos project.

[King Henry VIII] Seal of the Court of Common Pleas under Henry VIII, ca. 1530. The magnificent wax seal is 2.75" in diameter and attached to the original document, the advowson and manor of Kings Worthy, one page docketed on the verso, 17" x 12" on vellum. The obverse of the seal shows the king enthroned with the legend: HENRICVS DEI GRACIA ANGLIE ET FRANCIE. The reverse bears arms with the legend: +SIGILLVM PRO BREVIBUS CORAM IVSTICIARIIS. The shield has the quartered royal arms, England in the first and fourth quarters and the arms of France in the second and third quarters. The supporters on both the sinister and the dexter are greyhounds. A similar seal was featured at the "History in Deed: Medieval Society & The Law in England, 1100-1600" exhibition at Harvard Law School in 1993. The document is very fine and the extremely rare seal is virtually flawless.

The Manor of Kings Worthy was home to Sir Giles Capell who was knighted by Henry VIII for his gallantry and good services at the sieges of Terouenne and Tournay and at the Battle of Spurs. In 1529 Sir Giles held the shrievalty of the counties of Essex and Hertford, a post which was afterwards filled by his descendants. (Note: An advowson is the right to appoint a nominee to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice.)

[Oliver Cromwell] Original Ink Drawing of the Medal Commemorating the Battle of Dunbar, September 3, 1650. The drawing, excised from a larger document, measures 3" x 1.5" and pictures both the obverse and reverse of the Dunbar medal. The obverse pictures Oliver Cromwell facing the left with the battle in the background; above is "Lord of Hosts" the Covenanters' battle-cry at Dunbar. Cromwell reacted in horror when he was told that his effigy would be on the medal. He asked that Parliament appear instead of his likeness. The compromise was that Parliament was placed on the reverse. The medal was designed and executed by Thomas Simon (1599-1658). Above the drawing of the medal is written, "Before this one bigger without the Army first, added after but Same Stamp of the Head, this 1650 (he Sayd) as small as he could cut." The medal was issued in gold to officers and silver to other ranks. The drawing is mounted on a sheet of a paper and framed (4" x 3" overall). Very fine.

Winston Churchill Signed Photograph. One page, card stock, 4" x 5" (sight size), n.d., n.p., signed in ink with a photograph tipped above the signature. The image itself is 2.75" x 3.75". The photograph and signature are very attractively matted and framed (12" x 13.5" overall). The image has light surface indentations and the card has a fold below the bottom of the image and above the signature. Fine.

Winston Churchill Typed Letter Signed "Yours sincerely, Winston S. Churchill" as British Prime Minister. 7.5" x 9.5", January 22, 1945, "10, Downing Street, Whitehall", to "Mrs. Ivan Colvin, O.B.E." In part: "My close association with the Navy in all its works and implications impels me to write a line to you . . . to say how greatly you are all to be encouraged in and thanked for the work of the Royal Naval War Libraries. It is of the greatest value. The full friendship of the book can be as much realized by those who are for years isolated at sea as anyone, and I wish the R.N.W.L. every possible success." With flattened folds and some very minor stains. Fine. Included is a Royal Naval War Libraries certificate (13" x 16") to "Vice Admiral G. N. Tomlin M.V.O. Eng." recognizing "the help you have given this organization". It is signed in blue ink, "Joy Colvin". Fine. Ivan Colvin, of Kilmeston, Hampshire, England, was married to Joyce F. Arbuthnot. He served as a captain in the Royal Navy.

King Philip II of Spain Document Signed "Yo El Rey". One page in Spanish, front and verso, 8.5" x 11.5", July 1, 1559, n.p., with remnants of the red wax seal. In the letter the king writes to the Duke of Sessa, Governor of Milan and Captain General recommending that a position be found for Alessandro de Tassis.

Philip ruled one of the world's largest empires, including the Duchy of Milan. Having married Queen Mary I of England, Philip shared the throne with his wife, ruling as King of England between 1554 and 1558. He dispatched three armadas against his wife's half sister, Queen Elizabeth I in an effort install a Catholic monarch on the English throne. Light toning, else fine.

Napoleon Bonaparte Letter Signed "Np". One page in French, 7.5" x 9", September 5, 1811, Compiegne, France, to French Minister of War Marshall Henri J. G. Clarke (Duc de Feltre), concerning unruly conscripts headed to war with Russia. In part: "All the unruly conscripts in France from now on will be sent to Wesel and Strasbourg, with the exception of those on the far side of the Alps . . . There would also be the inconvenience of assembling too large a number of unruly men on Corsica . . . I want to know the number of deserters and unruly soldiers the departments may still provide and I will see if it wouldn't be expedient to send them to Illyria." Included with the letter is a short note (3" x 1.75") stating that the letter had been forwarded.

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) added thousands of new conscripts to his Grande Armee after receiving news that Russia was making war preparations against the French. This large army, which numbered around 500,000 when it invaded Russia in 1812, was difficult for the French commanders to control. After losing nearly 60,000 men at the Battle of Leipzig, Napoleon returned to France where he soon abdicated and was exiled to Elba. Henri J. G. Clarke (1765-1818) had been Napoleon's private secretary in the early 1800s; in 1807, he was promoted to the minister of war.

David Ben-Gurion Limited Edition Lithograph Signed "D. Ben-Gurion" in pencil, July 1973, Israel. This Living Legends, Ltd. print (with identification containing a photo of Ben-Gurion signing a print on the back of the frame) is number 23 of 500. Contains an engraved plate below the print which reads, "David Ben-Gurion/ Sde-Boker, Israel 1973". Sde-Boker, an Israeli Kibbutz in the Southern District of Israel, was Ben-Gurion's home from 1963 through 1973. Herbert Davidson, the artist, has signed in the lower right of the print while Israeli Premier Ben Gurion's large, bold signature rests in the lower margin of the print. Handsomely framed and matted to an overall size of 27.5" x 24". Near very fine.

Simon Bolivar Manuscript Letter Signed From his Headquarters at Angostura, on official imprinted letterhead including his name and title as "Gefe Supremo de la República, Capitan-General de los Exércitos (Supreme Chief of the Republic and Commanding General of the Armies)de Venezuela y de la Nueva Granada". Two and a half pages, 8.25" x 11.75", Headquarters at Angostura, July 2, 1818. In Spanish, Bolivar writes to Guillermo White, a friend and correspondent in Trinidad relating important news he has received about the prospects of support from England and the possibility of war between the United States and Spain.

He writes: "Yesterday has been a day of jubilation in this city... for the important news that has come from Admiral Brion from the Isle of Margarita. Our squadrons have been reinforced with ships arriving from England and troops from Buenos Aires... All of the ships that have been dispatched from London, with troops, arms, and munitions are coming for the Admiral who will arrive in this port with all of these elements..."

Admiral Brion also reports that the North American sloop of war Hornet carrying Mr. Irwin, the U.S. envoy to Venezuela will be arriving. Bolivar adds, "His [Mr. Irwin] mission is regarding the recognition of our Independence by the North and of the outbreak of war between that Republic and Spain." It is Bolivar's belief that these events will bring "the arms and munitions that have been in shortage throughout the whole course of our revolution... The war between the United States and Spain will complete the work of our Independence." Boldly signed "Bolivar". Docketed by the recipient on the verso.

After years of defeats and narrow escapes, Bolivar was able to secure headquarters in Angostura, New Grenada as a result of Admiral Pedro Luis Brion (1782-1821) capturing the Island of Margarita. With the funding and support of Haiti and the use of English and Irish mercenaries, Bolivar launched a successful attack against the Spanish a year later. Bolivar's troops crossed the Andes and defeated the Spanish forces at Boyaca in August of 1819. This victory marked the turning-point of the revolution. Bolivar would become president of the newly-created Republic of Colombia and, together with Jose de Sucre, would continue his efforts to the liberate all of South America.

An important manuscript recording the forces in play as Bolivar planned his attack on Spanish forces. In near fine condition, with toning and a few foxing spots.

Group Lot of Four Manuscripts Regarding the Liberation of South America from Spanish Rule. Total of 12 pages, circa 1821-1825, from various locations.
Includes:
Jose Miguel Lanza Manuscript Letter signed with his paraph. One page, 8.75" x 12.5", Head Quarters, January 12, 1825. In Spanish. The letter, addressed to General in Command of the United Liberating Army, is likely written to Antonio Jose de Sucre and sends congratulations and praises for his victory over the Spanish armies in Ayacucho. Sucre had captured a significant number of Spanish troops, including the viceroy on December 9. This victory secured the liberation of Peru and Alto Peru and ended the fighting against Spain. Lanza's congratulations read in small part: "Yours is the sweet satisfaction that the words of these inhabitants are not any other than filled with blessings for the hero that has broken the head of the monster... I, too, send my congratulations on your good fortune..." With several areas of paper loss affecting a few words, however retaining the context, otherwise very good.

[Antonio Jose de Sucre] Period Fair Copy of a Letter by Sucre Demanding that the Spanish Surrender Cuzco. Two pages, 8.5" x 12.25", December 22, 1824, Andahuaylas [Peru], addressed to Francisco San Friancena, of the Spanish army in Cuzco. Although Sucre had won an overwhelming victory over the Spanish on December 9, Spanish forces in Cuzco remained unwilling to acknowledge the loss and the Spanish viceroy would not step down from power. Sucre's letter, of which we offer a period fair copy, details his capturing of Spanish troops and explains that he has been gracious to grant liberty and life to the troops that have been captured. He states that he has no wish to prolong the hostilities, and demands that Cuzco be turned over to his forces on the 25th day of the current month. He issues fair warning that he has sent a column of soldiers who will approach Cuzco from the rear, and that "they have orders to shoot any Spanish official who is found en route towards Cuzco". The Spanish viceroy immediately surrendered Cuzco shortly after receiving this letter. Near fine condition, save a single instance of paper loss at center that affects three words.

Together with two unrelated manuscripts: An 1821 letter from a clergy man addressed to Jose Francisco de San Martin, 2 pages, 8" x 11.75", asking San Martin to help prevent the execution of a man wrongly sentenced to die; and a six page manuscript, undated, with religious content, likely a prayer written for the well being of Simon Bolivar. Overall condition of both manuscripts is near fine.

[Simon Bolivar] A Handwritten Draft Regarding the Formation of a Federation of Nations in America in an unknown hand. Seven pages, 8.5" x 12.75", General Headquarters, Chancayo, Peru on November 25, 1824; with secretarial signatures of Simon Bolivar and Jose Sanchez Carrion. Written in the form of a letter addressed to "Friends, allies, and compatriots" and possibly intended to be printed as a broadside or circular, the manuscript lays out Bolivar's ideas and arguments about the need to create "la federacion Americana". He believed that all of the newly liberated nations in the Americas should create a federation in order to protect their interests against the European interests. The federation would also act to preserve order and equity among the member nations. Written on laid paper, with large areas that have been crossed out (but remaining completely legible) and numerous edits, make this an actual working draft and not a later fair copy. Additionally, it is written in a hurried and near illegible script that indicates it was likely dictated.

Bolivar notes the recent events in Mexico and the interests in the isthmus of Panama as examples of why a Federation was imperative. If the newly liberated nations did not unite, they would remain vulnerable to the stronger European nations who continued to have interests of expansion in the Americas. A centralized power would also provide structure and governance, which he did not believe the individual nations could provide for themselves.

The pages are in a single folded sheet, at front "1824 / Plan p[ar]a la federacion Americana". With a period note at the back that reads that it was left as a memento upon the death of Sr. [Bernardo de] Monteagudo. Monteagudo was a close ally and friend to both Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin. Light soiling, otherwise excellent.

Colonial Spain: Printed Accounting of the Output of the Royal Mint of Mexico for 1817. One page, 11.5" x 8.25", December 31, 1817, Mexico City. Issued in the name of King Ferdinand VIII, the sheet documents the "stamped and sealed" gold and silver processed by the Royal Mint in Mexico City. There were 854,942 Reales of gold and 7,994,951 Reales of silver. Lightly toned with slight chipping at the edges, else fine.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Letter Signed. Four integral pages, written on page one and addressed on page four, 8.5" x 10.5", June 16, 1853, Mexico City, in Spanish, addressed in Santa Anna's hand. The letter is written to General Feliciano Liceaga in the city of Guanajuato in response to a letter Liceaga had written in May after Santa Anna had returned to Mexico as president. Near the address the letter has an official ink stamp. Repairs at the folds and a tear where the wax seal was removed, else fine.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna: Deed of Trust Signed. One page and docketed on the verso, 18.5" x 13.5", New York, June 28, 1866, partially printed. The document is a mortgage bond issued by Santa Anna for $500 using the former Mexican president's properties in Vera Cruz, Mexico, and his "palaces" on St. Thomas and Turbaco in the Republic of New Granada, a total of 378 square miles, as collateral. The bonds were intended to raise $750,000 to finance efforts to depose the Mexican Emperor Maximilian and return Santa Anna as president of the Republic of Mexico. The bond, numbered 874, has engravings of Santa Anna in a business suit and the three mortgaged properties. It is boldly signed "A. L. de Sta. Anna" and has an embossed paper seal with the initials "AL de SA". When the French-backed government of Maximilian collapsed in 1867, Santa Anna was poised to assume the presidency, but was instead arrested and sent into exile. He did not return to Mexico until 1874 under a general amnesty. Santa Anna died two years later, on 21 June 1876, in poverty and obscurity in Mexico City. Very lightly toned, else very fine.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Deed of Trust Signed. One page and docketed on the verso, 18.5" x 13.5", New York, June 28, 1866, partially printed. The document is a mortgage bond issued by Santa Anna for $500 using the former Mexican president's properties in Vera Cruz, Mexico, and his "palaces" on St. Thomas and Turbaco in the Republic of New Granada, a total of 378 square miles, as collateral. The bonds were intended to raise $750,000 to finance efforts to depose the Mexican Emperor Maximilian and return Santa Anna as president of the Republic of Mexico. The bond, numbered 867, has engravings of Santa Anna in a business suit and the three mortgaged properties. It is boldly signed "A. L. de Sta. Anna" and has an embossed paper seal with the initials "AL de SA". Very lightly toned, else very fine.

Jack London Typed Letter Signed. One page, 8.5" x 11", Sonoma, California, September 18, 1906. In response to an inquiry about the main character in his story The Unexpected (McClure's, August 1906), London sent this letter to Reverend R.F. Johonnot. The story was based on newspaper reports which offered an account of the double murder committed by Michael Dennin and of his subsequent hanging by Mrs. Nelson and her husband Hans. London's letter reads, in part: "No, I never met Mrs. Nelson. She was tried before Commission [sic] Malcolm at Juneau in the Spring of 1900, and of course, promptly acquitted. . . . You can get all kinds of interesting information concerning Mrs. Nelson and my story, from the following papers: The Seattle Post-Intelligencer for July 28 and July 29. And the Seattle Sunday Times, for July 29. Sincerely yours, Jack London." Letter bears London's ink stamped "Glen Ellen" address at upper right, and is lightly age toned. Unfortunately, London has added the handwritten date "1906" beneath his signature and drawn connecting lines to the newspaper story dates, which cross his signature in two places. Minor edge damage at upper right. Jack London letters are not often seen, and those discussing his stories and characters are particularly desirable. Fine condition.

Katherine Anne Porter Autograph Letter Signed and Autograph Note Signed. Porter was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American journalist, essayist, short story writer, novelist, and political activist. This two-piece collection consists of the following:
Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 6" x 9", n.p., July 20, 1945. A brief note to a fan, in part: "The books will have to make rather a long journey, but I will be very happy to sign them for your husband and return them at once." Fine condition.
Autograph Note Signed. One page, 8.5" x 11", n.p., March 9, 1975. Porter has penned a brief note to Shirley Cohen at the bottom of a page featuring a portion of her acclaimed short story, Rope. The note reads: "For Shirley Cohen - With all good wishes. Who found in this story, written nearly fifty years ago, that young married people sound much alike through the ages, in tone and feeling, if in endless variety of incidents." Very fine.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti Autograph Letters Signed. Two letters, one trimmed, 4.5" x 7.25" and 4.5" x 3.25" respectively, n.p., n.d. [London]. Noted English poet, illustrator, painter and translator, Dante Rossetti sent these brief, friendly notes to unknown recipients, although one is addressed to "My dear Wm." This first letter, to William, mentions "a pressing matter of business," because of which Rossetti hopes to reschedule their meeting time from Monday to Wednesday. It is signed "Yours affect. DGR." The second, trimmed letter was written in response to a request for a comment; Rossetti writes that "I could not give any distinct answer just at present," and signs the letter "Yours very truly, D.G. Rossetti." The untrimmed letter has been affixed to a 6" x 10" piece of heavy paper, which also features two of Rossetti's printed poems, A Superscription and Sea-Limits, clipped from unknown publications. Both letters are age toned and bear minor soiling. Very good condition.

Rudyard Kipling Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages, 5" x 8", June 6, 1935, Burwash [England], to Kipling's friend Herbert St. John Mildmay regarding submitted "verses" and a festival at Glyndebourne. In part: "I don't know whether it was my handwriting or your Greek that struck him dumb; but certain it is that I haven't had a word out of the Master since I sent him on your verses! I described it as the work of one unknown 'for the better prevention of scandals'. What is to do? . . . Your daughter's offer is most kindly but I'm afraid that I shan't be able to be free for those dates; or indeed any at the end of the month. I know that my son-in-law is going for all three days . . . I have heard a good deal of the beauties of the setting of Glyndebourne. If you put on Shakespeare as I hear is horrible next year, it will be glorious!" Written seven months before the death of the British literary giant. Toned; fine.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Autograph Manuscript Poem Signed. "Thou, too, Sail on, O Ship of State!" One page, 7" x 8.75", n.d., n.p. In full:
Thou, too, Sail on, O Ship of State!
Sail on, O Union Strong and great!
Humanity, with all its fears,
With all the hopes of future years,
Is hanging breathless on thy fate!
We know what Master laid thy heel,
What workmen wrought thy miles of steel,
Who made each mast, and sail, and rope,
What anvils rang, what hammers beat,
In what a forge and what a heat,
Were shaped the anchors at thy hope!
Fear not each, sudden sound, and Shock,
'T is of the wave and not the rock,
'T is but the flapping of the sail,
And not a rent made by the gale!
In Spite of rock and tempest's roar,
In Spite of false lights on the Shore,
Sail on, nor fear to breast the Sea!
Our hearts, our hopes are all with thee,
Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears,
Our faith triumphant o'er our fears,
Are all with thee, - are all with thee!"

The final two lines of the poem are written vertically in the left margin, while "Henry W. Longfellow" is signed vertically in the right margin. Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's (1807-1882) poem was published in 1850. It was a favorite of Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Roosevelt, who in January 1941, wrote the first five lines of this poem from memory on a piece of paper, signed his name, and then sent the paper to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was leading Great Britain against Hitler's aggression. Churchill used Roosevelt's note containing Longfellow's poem in a February 9 radio address, to assure the United States that the British would struggle against Hitler, but still needed America's help. "What is the answer that I shall give, in your name, to this great man, the thrice-chosen head of a nation of a hundred and thirty millions?" Churchill asked his audience. "Here is the answer which I will give to President Roosevelt: Put your confidence in us. Give us your faith and your blessing, and, under Providence, all will be well. . . . Give us the tools, and we will finish the job." (Richard Langworth, Churchill by Himself: The Definitive Collection of Quotations. PublicAffairs, 2008.) This letter has smoothed folds and a very small amount of paper loss in the bottom right corner, due to past mounting. The ink has faded in certain areas (mostly in the center, the top left, and bottom right). Some mounting residue on verso. Fine condition.

Samuel Clemens ("Mark Twain") Photograph Twice Signed and Inscribed to his wife's personal physician. The photograph, 6" x 8", is mounted to an overall size of 10" x 14" and is inscribed above the photo "To Dr. Moffatt - this with the kindest regards of / S.L. Clemens". He adds the aphorism, from "Pudd'nhead Wilson's Calendar", directly beneath:
"Adam was but human - that explains it all. He didn't eat the apple for the apple's sake, but only because it was forbidden. The mistake was in not forbidding the serpent: then he would have eaten the serpent. / Truly yours, Mark Twain Jan. 1903."

Mrs. Clemens' failing health resulted in the family's return to America in 1902 after living abroad. Her health worsened after suffering a heart attack while vacationing in Maine. In an effort to aid her recovery the family engaged different doctors, several of whom prescribed treatments that worsened her state. After one doctor prescribed stimulants that caused two additional heart attacks (see lot 35132 in this auction), the family turned to Dr. Moffat and decided that he alone would provide the best care. The Clemens came to rely exclusively on Dr. Moffat during this difficult time, and it is likely Clemens presented this signed photograph as a heartfelt token of his appreciation (although inadvertently adding a second "t" to his name in the inscription). Mrs. Clemens died of heart failure the following year in June 1904.

The mount is gently toned, minor rippling, and a bit of dampstaining, all well away from the image and inscriptions. Glazed and framed in a simple wood frame (likely the original). With an H. Walter Barnett raised photo stamp, and in near fine condition.

Edgar Rice Burroughs Typed Letter Signed. One page, 8.5" x 11", April 6, 1937, Tarzana, California, on Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. stationery. Burroughs is asking the managing editor of the Galveston News-Tribune for a copy of the color wrap page featuring Tarzan used to cover the paper. Boldly signed in ink. Folds, else very fine.

Samuel L. Clemens ("Mark Twain") Five Items Including Two Autograph Manuscripts composed in Bermuda, where he spent the last months of his life. Twain's manuscripts, written entirely in his hand, are composed on adjoining pages of a single sheet (9.75" x 6.5" overall) of his personalized mourning stationery. The group also includes a period photograph of Clemens and Helen Allen in Bermuda (6.25" x 6.5"), a letter from his biographer Albert Bigelow Paine to President Taft, and the official White House response.

The first manuscript dated March 6, 1910 is actually a humorous device created in playful response to his Bermudian hosts, the Allen family. In full: "Bay House, March 6/10. Received of S.L.C. / Two Dollars and Forty Cents / in return for my promise to believe everything he says hereafter." Helen Allen has signed her name in full beneath acknowledging the payment received. The payment of $2.40, as intended by Twain, made it a binding legal agreement. Twain was now free to tell the most outlandish stories and Ms. Allen was now "legally bound" to believe him without question. The accompanying photograph shows Twain and Ms. Allen, both in swimsuits bathing in the waters at at Bay House (the Allen home). The photograph was taken two year earlier, and is one of several of which Twain shared copies with Ms. Allen. The moment captured depicts the relationship that existed between the two and the great fun this "legal" agreement must have brought. Twain stands posed with his hands on his hips and a knowing smile on his face; the much younger Ms. Allen looks away laughing, bent slightly forward and struggling to maintain her composure. (For passages from an article written by Helen's mother regarding Twain's stay in Bermuda please go to HA.com/6030-69001.)

A compelling argument can be made that the second manuscript, written on the adjoining page, could only have been penned between April 8 and April 11, 1910. In full: "For Sale. The proprietor of the hereinbeforementioned Promise desires to part with it on account of ill health and obliged to go away somewheres so as to let it reciprocate, and will take any reasonable amount for it above 2 per cent of its face because experienced parties think it will not keep but a little while in this kind of weather, and is a kind of proppity that don't give a dam for cold storage nohow."

Twain cites his "ill health" as the reason for his forced departure from Bermuda. After suffering a severe heart attack, his doctors ("experienced parties") told him if he were to stay in Bermuda he would soon die there (that he "will not keep but a little while in this kind of weather"). In his final line he declares that he does not want to die, "a kind of proppity that don't give a dam for cold storage nohow." Mark Twain is unquestionably writing about himself, specifically about his declining health and desire to stay alive.

William H. Allen, his host, secretly wrote to Alfred Bigelow Paine about Twain's rapidly declining health. Paine responded immediately and arrived in Bermuda on April 4th. Twain had his second nearly fatal heart attack on April 8th. This heart attack prompted doctors to persuade Mark Twain to leave Bermuda as soon as possible. They believed cooler air would relieve his asthma. Not wanting to die in Bermuda, Twain agreed to depart on April 12. Twain likely returned the handwritten "promise" to Helen as a keepsake; the added passage explaining the reasons for the return and delivering the "punch line" to what had originated as a comic device.

Once Twain returned home to Stormfield, he was too weak to write more than a few very short inscriptions and notes. On April 21st, he was unable to speak intelligibly, and wrote a few almost illegible notes consisting of just a few words each. He died later that day. The next morning, friend William Dean Howells wrote Twain's sole surviving daughter Clara, "I found Mr. Paine's telegram when I came in late last night; and suddenly your father was set apart from all other men in a strange majesty. Death had touched his familiar image into historic grandeur."

This wonderful group capturing Twain's final days is completed with these two letters:

Albert Bigelow Paine Autograph Letter Signed to President Taft, one page, 4.5" x 7", March 8, 1912. Marked "copy" and penned on Player's Club stationary, Paine asks the President to appoint Mr. Allen Consulship to the United States, "Mr. Allen has been doing the work of the office for years, and has the widest and most favorable acquaintance. Mark Twain loved him, and his, and spent his last months in his home. It was from there that I brought him, April 12, 1910 to his own home, in Conn., to die. There is a national obligation somewhere in that, I think, to Mr. Allen."

Rudolph Forster Typed Letter Signed to Albert B. Paine, one page on White House stationery, 5.5" x 9.25", March 9, 1912. This was the reply Paine received, "In the President's absence, permit me to acknowledge receipt of your letter of recent date, in the interest of the appointment of Mr. William H. Allen to be consul at Hamilton, Bermuda, in the event of a vacancy, and to say that it will be brought to his attention upon his return." Mr. Allen received the appointment as soon as the position became available.

Following are the conditions for each piece:
1. The two Twain autograph manuscripts are on the same sheet of Twain's mourning stationery (9.75" x 6.5" overall). The stationery has a central vertical fold and a central horizontal fold. No separation along the folds. Very light stray marks can be seen.
2. On the verso of the photograph (6.25" x 6.5"), are large penciled notations. The photograph itself is lightly toned.
3. The Albert Bigelow Paine Autograph Letter Signed to President Taft, one page, 4.5" x 7". It is embossed at the top with "The Players/ Sixteen Gramercy Park." "(Copy)" has been written in pencil in the top left corner of page one. Minor stains; some toning. With folds and very slight wrinkling.
4. The Rudolph Forster Typed Letter Signed to Albert B. Paine, one page on White House stationery, 5.5" x 9.25" has folds. Text and signature are slightly faded.

All items are in fine condition.

Samuel Clemens "Mark Twain" Original Ink Portrait Captioned "Eve". Ink on paper, 5.75" x 8", mounted on card stock with editorial instructions in an unknown hand. This portrait was originally included as an illustration in an article titled "Instructions in Art (with Illustrations by the Author)," published in the Metropolitan Magazine, April and May 1903. The drawing is captioned "Eve," but Mark Twain has written other captions, all of which have been scored through: "Sitting Bull," "Pocahontas," "Portrait of a Lady," and "This one to be printed in colors." The crossed-out captions are reproduced as part of the illustration in the article.

Mark Twain's commentary reads: "We will conclude with a portrait of a lady in the style of Raphael. Originally I started it out for Queen Elizabeth, but was not able to do the lace hopper her head projects out of, therefore I tried to turn it into Pocahontas, but was again baffled, and was compelled to make further modifications, this time achieving success. By spiritualizing it and turning it into the noble mother of our race and throwing into the countenance the sacred joy which her first tailor-made outfit infuses into her spirit, I was enabled to add to my gallery the best and the most winning and eloquent portrait my brush has ever produced."

Mark Twain drew the mother of our race as a Native American Indian, and then deemed it the best and the most winning portrait he ever produced. Although Twain had portrayed Indians in a poor light at the start of his career, his ideas and opinions evolved over time (as they did about everything). This drawing poses evidence that his views about Indians had dramatically changed to a more favorable one in his later years. With light soiling. Ex. Karanovich Collection

Samuel Clemens "Mark Twain" Autograph Letter Signed to Publisher Elisha Bliss, Jr. One page on Clemens' personalized stationery, 4" x 5.25", Buffalo, 1870, with docket at top adding Dec 23rd. Penned to Twain's second publisher, this letter conveys the news that he paid $800 cash & forgave all royalties to buy the publishing rights to his first book. In full:

"I bought my Jumping Frog from Webb. - gave him what he owed me ($600.00), and $800 cash, & 300 remaining copies of the book, & also took $128 worth of free un-printed paper off his hands.

I think of a Jumping Frog pamphlet (illustrated) for next Christmas -- do you want it?
Ys Ever / Mark"

Twain was completely unaware that the royalties due him were far greater than he ever imagined. Mark Twain's first book, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County & Other Sketches, was compiled, edited, & published by his "friend" Charles Webb. A verbal agreement was made for Webb to take Mark Twain's scrapbooks of his own writings and compile them into a book. Twain was to receive 10% of the gross sales.

Contemporary newspaper advertising reveals that Jumping Frog was published in April 1867, and that the first printing sold out by April 29th. The book received rave reviews, and word of mouth quickly spread. The second printing sold out two days later, and a third & fourth printing followed the next few days, which included a special railway edition bound in printed stout paper wrappers. The first paperback edition was only available at railway stations in New York City starting on May 8, but was quickly discontinued, never to be advertised again. The small window of time it was available combined with the very high fatality rate of paperbacks from this era are the reasons why this paperback edition is very rare and is unrecorded in any bibliography.

Twain never learned about the instant sellout status of his book. A remarkable naiveté being that at this same time he was giving sold out lectures at the Cooper Institute in New York City. The lectures also received rave reviews which fueled demand for The Jumping Frog.

Twain had preconceived notions that the book would be a failure, so he didn't bother to demand sales figures. His departure to the Holy Land aboard the Quaker City (from June 8, 1867 to November 19, 1867) made it even less likely he would learn of the truth about his success. Webb would never give Twain any accounting of sales, nor pay a single penny in royalties, despite the book staying in print until Twain finally purchased the rights in December 1870.

After tasting the rewards of using a reputable publisher in 1869 for his second book The Innocents Abroad (getting regular accounts of sales & royalty checks), Mark Twain sought to reissue the Jumping Frog in pamphlet form for the Christmas market. Twain figured if he let Webb off the hook from paying any royalties that Webb would give Twain the publication rights in an even exchange. But Webb refused and Twain was forced to hire a lawyer. Webb had copyrighted the book in his own name, and was legally (if not ethically) entitled.

When it came to the final negotiations in December 1870, Webb supplied a fictitious one page summary of the number of copies bound (implying alleged sales) of three books: two by Webb, and the Jumping Frog by Twain. Webb claimed each of his two books sold better than Twain's Jumping Frog. According to Webb's figures, one of Webb's books sold more copies in three months than Twain's Jumping Frog did in three years!

This letter is Twain's official announcement of these details to his more trustworthy second publisher, Elisha Bliss, which also offers him the opportunity to publish the Jumping Frog story. An important manuscript recording a turning point in Twain's publishing career. In black ink, with vertical folds strengthened on verso, and several minute & unobtrusive pinholes. Light soiling, otherwise very good.

Samuel Clemens "Mark Twain" Autograph Letter Signed "Lovingly, Father" to his Daughter Jean, one page, [no place, no date, possibly New York City circa 1907] on the verso of a color photochromed image of Mark Twain which includes a visual illusion of a child whispering into his ear created by the pillow upon which his head is resting. This Raphael Tuck and Sons postal card has a printed poem titled "Mark Twain's Muse" about the illusional child by L. J. Bridgman on the verso. Twain has filled in the entire blank portion of the card, both message side and address side, with 17 lines of his handwriting in bold ink:

"Jean dear, do you remember this picture with the accidental child in it? This is made in Germany, and is good work. I am so glad, so very glad, to hear that you are cheerful and happy, and are going to fight it out on Dr. Peterson's lines and help him in every way you can to push your improvement along to a cure. Lovingly / Father"

This amazing letter was hand delivered by someone (perhaps Jean's doctor, Dr. Peterson) at a time when Twain was likely forbidden to visit by doctor's orders. Jean, the youngest of Twain's daughters, was diagnosed with epilepsy during her teenage years. A little understood illness, Jean's epilepsy made her care impossible for Twain and daughter Clara after the death of Livy. Jean was sent away from home to be cared for by doctors in 1906, and it was likely during her years away from home that Twain sent this letter. It is remarkable that this intimate letter survived under these circumstances. The reference to her illness is especially poignant and captures a private moment of Twain's sorrow for his inability to care for her. Jean would return to the Twain household in April 1909. She passed away later that year on the morning of Christmas Eve, 1909 from an epileptic seizure. Mark Twain's death would follow a mere four months later.

With light soiling, gentle creasing at a single corner, and a few spots of toning all of which primarily affect the verso; otherwise near fine.

Samuel Clemens Family Archive of Seven Letters, Including a Humorous Autograph Note Signed by Clemens Together with Five Original Photographs Annotated on the Verso. Five Autograph Letters signed by Jean Clemens, one of which includes Clemens's note in the closing, and two Autograph Letters Signed by Clemens' sister-in-law Susan Crane written between September 1901 - September 1903, to members of the Millard Sewall family of York Village. A rich archive replete with private details and behind-the-scenes information about this period, including news that Clemens was almost hit by a speeding train.

During the summer of 1902 the Clemens vacationed in York Harbor, Maine. As was his habit, Twain had taken a work-room in a separate cottage "in the house of a friend and neighbor, a fisherman and boatman." This "friend and neighbor" was almost certainly Millard Sewall. Unfortunately Mrs. Clemens was struck by a severe heart attack Tuesday, August 12th.

A. B. Paine writes, "Nurses were summoned, and Mrs. Crane and others came from Elmira. Clara Clemens took charge of the household and matters generally, and the patient was guarded from every disturbing influence." This archive reveals that Twain and his daughter Jean definitely found temporary quarters at the Sewall residence. They remained there until the morning of October 15th, when Mrs. Clemens was well enough to make the trip back home to Riverdale on the Hudson.

Includes:

Jean L. Clemens Autograph Letter Signed "J. L. C." to Millard Sewall, 12 pages, 4.5" x 7 ", Riverdale on the Hudson, Oct. 16, 1902. A small excerpt provides how thankful the Clemens' were, and relates details of a near tragedy:
"We intended to wire you yesterday when we arrived, but in the excitement of the arrival our intention was forgotten. I am very sorry. After all you did to help us I think the least we could do was to let you know as quickly as possible that Mother got through the journey better than we hoped considering the behavior of her bed... At the station here there came near being a tragedy. Clara had just stepped off our car and Father was following when a lightning express passed between our car and the platform. Some men yelled and the train whistled so that Clara leaped for the platform and Father managed to stay on the car steps. If either of them had been half a minute later [^or earlier], they would have been killed..." With uneven toning, sporadic soiling, and minor separations at the folds.

Jean L. Clemens Autograph Letter Signed "Jean L. Clemens" with a Samuel Clemens Autograph Note Signed "SLC" to Grace Sewall, 4 pages, 4.5" by 7", Riverdale on the Hudson, Oct. 23, 1902, on imprinted letterhead. Jean writes about not being charged enough money for room, board, & services rendered by the Sewall family. Very good condition, with original transmittal envelope addressed by Jean Clemens postmarked October 24, 1902.
Jean writes in part: "...As to our Sewalls' account, we were glad to get it even though it proved rather unsatisfactory. We had two and even three rooms at your home for some time, besides the myriad of things your father did and made for us... Our complaint is that his kindness and generosity are much too large, even though he refuses to write to anyone save his life..."

Clemens adds his own thoughts, "Miss Sewall, You are not bringing your father up properly. He will go on robbing himself until he will become an abandoned & incurable criminal. Let him beware! SLC."

Susan Crane Autograph Letter Signed "Susan L. Crane" to Grace Sewall, 11 pages, 5" x 8", Quarry Farm Elmira N.Y., Oct. 31, 1902, on personalized stationery, near fine condition, with original transmittal envelope postmarked Nov. 2 1902.

Susan sends news of Livy Clemens' recovery: "You will be interested to know that the last flowers, which I took to the train, came out beautifully, and were sent in to Mrs. Clemens as a good omen... Yes we are very much encouraged in regard to Mrs. Clemens. She sat up an hour, out of doors on Tuesday and did not suffer from it. No doubt a long time will be required to restore the tired nerves, but I believe it will come to pass, with care... On the afternoon of the day after Mrs. Clemens was put in her own room she began to improve, as if new courage was given her by the fact that she could take that journey and live. We are all so very thankful it was taken that very day..." Much more content relating news of the arrival of Mrs. Stanchfield, a longtime friend of Livy's for whom Clara had been named.

Jean Clemens Autograph Letter Signed "Jean L. Clemens" to Grace Sewall, 6 pages 4.5" x 7", Riverdale on the Hudson, Nov. 11, 1902, on personalized stationery. In near fine condition, with the original transmittal envelope addressed by Jean Clemens and postmarked November 12th, 1902. Jean sends news on the severity of her mother's condition, and Clara's weakened spirit:
"For the past twelve days there had been absolutely no improvement in Mother's condition. Indeed two of her heart attacks were quite as bad or worse than the ones she had at York. Dr. Dana the nerve specialist is partly to blame. He ordered some heart stimulants which had an extremely bad effect. We are tired of experimenting doctors & shall call in NO more consultants. Dr. Moffat seems good and says Mother's condition isn't really dangerous even tho' she is so weak that she cannot have alcohol baths. Clara is on the verge of a serious illness, I am afraid, caused by nervousness and anxiety. I hope she will be able to withstand the strain she is constantly under, but it seems doubtful. Of course being in such a condition physically makes her mental condition very bad & in her anxiety she is constantly building mountains out of mole-hills where Mother's illness is concerned..."

Jean L. Clemens Autograph Letter Signed "Jean L. Clemens" to Millard Sewall, 4 pages, 4.5" x 7", Riverdale on the Hudson, Dec. 16, 1902. Jean sends early Christmas greetings and adds: "Mother is a good deal better; she has been sleeping much more regularly for the past ten days. I haven't seen her yet but on my return I hope to be able to... My efforts in photographing father have been failures so far." On personalized stationery, light soiling and minor separations at folds, overall very good condition.

Jean L. Clemens Autograph Letter Signed "Jean L. Clemens" to Grace Sewall, 4 pages, 4.5" x 7", Riverdale on the Hudson, Feb. 16, 1903, on personalized stationery. In part: "...I reached here after ten last Friday night [February 13], having left Old Point soon after eight A.M., and was consequently nearly ready for my coffin. Also I have much work for my father to do (type-writing) and on that account and because of my great weariness I have not written you before..." After Jean caught pneumonia in December, she was sent to Old Point Comfort on the Virginia shore to help recover, & also to keep her illness a secret from her mother. In near fine condition save a few stray stains on a single page, with the original transmittal envelope addressed by Jean Clemens postmarked February 16th, 1903.

Susan Crane Autograph Letter Signed "Susan L. Crane" to Grace Sewall, 11 pages, 5" x 8", Quarry Farm Elmira NY, Sept. 28, 1903, on personalized stationery, sending news of Mrs. Clemens' illness.
In small part: "...The month of July gave us especial cheer in the steady improvement of the beloved patient, but in Aug she took on too many interests & cares & the gain has been more fitful & the slight backsets have been frequent. Mrs. Clemens has almost lived on the big porch, eating & sleeping there, only going in for the night, and for a rest & bath in the afternoon... Mr. Clemens had a severe cold, which kept him in bed several days. Now however he is well, having been several days in New York, and has just returned, very greatly to our pleasure... Miss Jean is very well this summer, and has been a great comfort to her mother in her tender consideration... Miss Clara is now in New York, taking a few last lessons of her favorite teacher before they sail. It was a great pleasure to have her here, and she is pretty well, though not very strong..." Minor separations at folds, an ink note by a Sewall family member on verso of page 11 pertaining to this collection, very good overall condition.

Also included are five original photographs taken by Jean, with lengthy annotations on the versos and gave to the Sewall family. Each photograph measures approximately 4.75" by 3.75", mounted to 6" x 5" overall, and contains additional notes likely made by a Sewall family member. The images as identified by Jean are: "My aunt's home at Quarry Farm..."; "The Riverdale House looking South..."; "My sitting and work room at Riverdale..."; "The Western view from my wisteria balcony..."; "View of the Hudson and the Palisades..." A wonderful group of private letters and pictures providing a unique glimpse into a special chapter of Clemens family life.

Samuel Clemens' ("Mark Twain") Reading Copy of The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay, by His Nephew George Otto Trevelyan. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1876. 415pp, 8vo (9" x 6.25"). Publisher's black cloth, brown-coated endpapers; top edge Gilt, spine about gone, extremities rubbed, text shaken. The first twelve signatures have come free of the binding, and several pages are loose. Volume 1 (only). From Clemens' library, copiously annotated and likely used as a source book for delivering a lecture about Macaulay.

Containing more than 70 pencil annotations (totaling about 330 words) on 44 pages; an 32 additional pages are heavily marked with marginal rules, underlinings, and other markings (all in pencil). In 1876, the same year this work appeared, Clemens prepared a paper, "Life of Lord Macaulay," for the "Saturday Morning Club in Hartford" (meetings were held at his home). The majority of the notes in the first 90 pages were likely made in preparation for this lecture (the original lecture program is in the Mark Twain papers, but there are no known copies of the actual lecture). It is known that Clemens' lecture focused on Macaulay's advanced intellectual development from a very young age. The book is marked in such a way that Twain could have read from it during his talk; and the lengthy annotations and emendations may indeed be talking points.

The notes after page 90 are of a different sort, and seem more like reflections upon the text, personal notes, and grammatical corrections. On page 116 Clemens marks the passage "Every magazine must contain a certain quantity of mere ballast, of no value but as it occupies space;" and in the margin writes, "Send that to Howells with next article" (William Dean Howells , editor of Harper's Monthly who edited Adventures of Huckleberry Finn). Clemens has marked passages on pages 150 and 151 that describe the state of the British Parliament at the end of the Napoleonic War. He notes in the margin of page 150, "America to-day - 1876", and makes the identical note in the margin of 151. Clearly a reflection of Clemens' thoughts on the challenges America faced during Reconstruction after the Civil War. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was published this same year; its sequel Huckleberry Finn would follow eight years later and would take a markedly dark turn, and Clemens' notes bear evidence that his thoughts were heavy with the state of the nation. Also on page 150 (and in a much lighter vein), Clemens records a charming moment with his daughter Susie: "Susie's aphorism (aged 4) 'How easy it is to break things.' Her first remark in the morning sitting up in bed." Susie was born March 19th 1872.

Clemens long held Macaulay in high regard and Trevelyan's Life & Letters of Macaulay was one of his favorite books on Macaulay. According to Isabel Lyon (Clemens' personal assistant during 1902-1909), Clemens was reading this work as late as August 25, 1907, when after dinner she "found him lying with his beautiful feet uncovered and reading Macaulay's Life & Letters. He dropped it to his breast and chatted a few minutes." Lyon records a few other times Clemens referred to this work, most notably on Sunday March 25, 1906: "It was a delight to hear Mr. Clemens and Mr. Howells talk of Macaulay and Trevelyan's Life and Letters."

This book remained in the family until 1951 until it was sold at auction by Clara Clemens at the "Mark Twain Library Auction". Volume II of this set was inadvertently separated from the present and sold separately as lot 14c. Its present location is not traced in Gribben (volume 2, p. 712).

Provenance: Chester L. Davis, Karanovich Collection.

Clara Schumann and Joseph Joachim Autograph Music Quotations Signed. The Clara Schumann quote is 8.25" x 3.25" (sight size), n.d., Frankfort. The Joachim quotation is one page, 5" x 2.5" (sight size), May 7, 1889, Berlin. Both quotations are attractively matted and framed (22.5" x 12.25" overall) with cartes de visite of Joachim and Schumann, each 4" x 5.5". Clara Schumann, wife of Robert Schumann was a musician and composer and was considered one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era. Clara often preformed with Joseph Joachim a conductor and composer, and perhaps the most influential violinist of the late nineteenth century. Light toning and foxing, else very fine.

Susan B. Anthony Autograph Letter Signed with envelope face. Three pages, 5.5" x 8.5", November 22, 1886, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, on letterhead that reads "National Woman Suffrage Association" and lists the association's officers-including Susan B. Anthony. In this hastily written letter to "Miss Carrie S. Lamb" of Oshkosh, the tireless suffragette writes of the "meetings" of the N.W.S.A: "We are having atrocious weather now-a-days, but pretty fair meetings after all. . . . I do hope your ladies will persevere in keeping up their agitation. I had a small but good audience at Neenah [Wisconsin]." Fearful of public speaking as a young woman, Ms. Anthony later routinely gave near one hundred speeches a year. Age toned; near fine. Included is the front of the transmittal envelope with printed N.W.S.A. information.

Annie Oakley Signed Photo Postcard. The card, 3 3/8" x 5 ¼", pictures a smiling Annie Oakley dancing in Indian costume and heels. The card has a Christmas sentiment written in pencil on the verso, "The Sioux Maiden loves to Moon Gaze. A Merry Christmas from Annie Oakley." One of the most desirable images of Annie Oakley. Annie Oakley was the best known and most talented American exhibition sharpshooter. Her amazing ability as a crack shot led to a starring role in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show and international fame. Small and light creases at the corners, else very fine. Signed Annie Oakley images are very scarce.

William Fargo Oil Company Stock Certificate Signed "Wm. G. Fargo" as president of the Queen City Oil Company of Buffalo. One certificate, 10" x 6.5", July 31, 1865, Buffalo, New York. With stamp to far left and blind embossed seal underneath. William George Fargo (1818-1881) was an early express mail pioneer. In 1850, he partnered with Henry Wells to form the express mail company American Express; Fargo later served as its second president. Two years later, the partners formed Wells, Fargo & Company, which moved express mail from the Atlantic to the Pacific. During the Civil War, Fargo served as mayor of Buffalo. Fine condition.

Clarence Darrow Typed Letter Signed. One page, 6.25" x 8.5", October 29, 1927, Chicago, to John B. Bakeless of New York City. In part: "I would say that I don't believe I ought to contribute to the subject you state. I have had rich clients and poor ones. More poor than rick [sic]. I would suggest Judge Francis Murphy of Detroit. . . . He made a campaign against capital punishment in Michigan almost alone and won. I know he said only the poor are hanged, which I think is true." Unevenly toned. Darrow's signature is underlined in red. Letter is affixed to a slightly larger sheet. Very good condition.

Richard W. Sears Photo Signed "Sincerely Yours/ Richard W. Sears". B/w photo, 3.5" x 5.5", n.d., n.p. In this photo, the founder of the retail giant Sears, Roebuck and Company, is dressed in a dark suit and tie as he looks straight into the camera. Operating his company out of Chicago, Richard Sears (1863-1914) targeted rural people, sending his first catalog to them in 1893. This photo has faded some, though the signature is written in dark ink. Very good.

Orville Wright Typed Letter Signed. One page, 7.25" x 5.75", December 14, 1938, Dayton, Ohio, to Albert T. Bell of New Jersey, turning down an invitation. In part: "The Dayton Chamber of Commerce has arranged a local celebration on the anniversary of our first flight which will keep me in Dayton on the seventeenth of December." Orville and Wilbur Wright were the first to successfully fly and control an aircraft on December 17, 1903. This letter has modestly unevened toning. Fine.

Charles Lindbergh Typed Letter Signed "Charles A. Lindbergh". One page, 8.5" x 11", June 26, 1970, [Fribourg] Switzerland, sold with original transmittal envelope. The letter, addressed to Yarborough, United States Senator from Texas, discusses Lindbergh's memories of Major Odas Moon, the "Lone Eagle's" bombardment instructor at Kelly Field, Texas. Folds, else very fine.

Charles Lindbergh Typed Letter Signed "C. A. Lindbergh" six months after his solo transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis, with transmittal envelope. One page, 7.25" x 10.5", November 18, 1927, New York City, to "Master Albert Zeiger" of Pennsylvania, apologizing that he can not accept his invitation: "I am sorry that I cannot come to see you and the other boys at the B'nai B'rith Home, but I thank you for your kind invitation. Please accept my good wishes." The letterhead reads, "Charles A. Lindbergh/ c/o The Daniel Guggenheim Fund/ for the Promotion of Aeronautics, Inc./ 598 Madison Avenue/ New York City". Following his famous flight, Lindbergh, in an attempt to promote aviation, participated in a tour across America for the Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics. Envelope is soiled. Letter, with flattened folds, is lightly soiled. Fine.

Mercury Seven Astronauts: Autographs of Six. This lot consists of two items, as follows:
1). NASA "Manned Space Flight- The First Decade" Booklet. Eight pages, 8" x 10.5", Johnson Space Center publication # JSC 08062. The front cover pictures a Saturn rocket blasting off and has been signed by five: Slayton (1924-1993), Schirra (1923-2007), Shepard (1923-1998), Carpenter, and Glenn. Extremely fine condition.
2). Gordon Cooper Color Photo Signed and Inscribed. An early pose 8" x 10" NASA lithographed print of Cooper (1927-2004) in a suit and tie. Extremely fine condition save for minor crinkling at the left side corners.

Robert Stroud, the "Birdman of Alcatraz", Autograph Letter Signed Twice. Two pages, 8" x 10", July 24, 1948, Alcatraz, California, on lined paper. Signed once at the top of page one next to "From" and once in the closing ("Bob/ Robert Stroud #524"). Written to Fred Daw of Florida concerning birds and former President Herbert Hoover's opinion of Stroud. In part: "I don't know about that Hoover idea. In fact, I don't really think much could come of it. He had a chance once himself. He said at that time that he thought I deserved a break, but he did not do anything about it. Of course, that was almost twenty years ago, but I doubt that he would do anything now. I am certain that the man who is there now [President Harry Truman] would do something if it were put up to him, but so far I've not been able to arrange that. I know that he is personally familiar with the case, since he has been a reader of the Kansas City Star all his life."

After nineteen-year-old Robert Stroud murdered a man in Juneau, Alaska, in 1909, he spent the rest of his life, fifty-five years, as a prisoner in Leavenworth and Alcatraz. During that time, he raised birds and became a respected ornithologist known as the Birdman of Alcatraz (he was the subject of a 1962 film, Birdman of Alcatraz, starring Burt Lancaster). He gained the attention of several presidents, including, Harry Truman, several years after he had left office. Includes an image of Stroud in his latter years. The letter is carefully written in dark ink. Fine.

John Butler Two Documents Signed. One, dated 1770, is addressed to Major Jellis Fonda and concerns the purchase of "a gallon of your wine". The second is a court document signed "John Butler Judge". Both are toned with light stains; very good.

Revolutionary War: Walter Butler Group of Three Items. Two rare pre-Revolutionary War signatures of the Loyalist captain who served in Butler's Rangers, with one signature of his grandfather. (1) Document Signed "W. Butler/ Atty. for Def". One page, 7.75" x near 6", August 8, 1774, Tryon County [New York]. Butler is defending Thomas Scott who is "Delivered to bail on taking his body to John Doe & Richard Roe". Toned with smoothed folds; fine. (2) Autograph Note Signed "Walter Butler". One-half page, 7.25" x 9", December 19, 1774, n.p. In part: "There is a suit now Descending in Albany between the corporation and one Wimple in covenant-which I am applied to so state for the opinion of Council in New York". Fine. (3) Promissory Note Signed "Walter Butler", the father of John Butler and grandfather of Walter Butler. One page, 5.75" x 3", September 28, 1731, Fort Hunter.

Walter Butler (1752-1781), a young lawyer in Albany, New York, when he signed these two document, remained a loyalist with his father, John, during the American Revolution. In May 1775, they left New York to fight the American rebels in Canada. While there, John raised the loyalist regiment called Butler's Rangers, which included former slaves. Walter joined and was promoted to captain. Both father and son were accused of committing atrocious acts during the war. Walter was killed later in the war, a few days after the Battle of Johnstown in October 1781.

Oliver Wolcott Jr. Lot of Three Documents Signed. Each is a Connecticut pay voucher, 6.25" x 5.75", signed "Oliv: Wolcott Jun" and dated between 1782-1784. With some folds and docketing on verso. Near fine.

Ledger of Shipping Receipts from Boston Merchant William Blair Townsend, 1744-1768, Boston, 9.75" x 4.75". About one-fourth of the receipts are engrossed for goods such as rum, saddles, sugar, molasses, cod, German gold, and slaves. Destinations include Jamaica, Virginia, New York, London, Newfoundland, and North Carolina. Very minimal wear and soiling; gouge to rear board. A surprisingly well-preserved item in very good condition.

Handbill: "A Great Variety of English and India Goods." One page (with handwritten receipt for silk and buttons on verso), 4.5" x 8.25", October 21, 1761, Boston, advertising goods sold by merchant William Blair Townsend. Contains a centered woodcut of Townsend's three dove sign. Toned with some bleed-through from handwriting; near very good.

Union Rail Road & Mining Company Stock Certificate. One certificate, 8.5" x 5.25", January 27, 1840, Harrisburg, "50 shares" issued to "Benjamin Parke of Harrisburg". This very early railroad document bears docketing on verso. Toned; very good.

Imprint: "Oration Pronounced in Hancock, July 4th, 1803, in Commemoration of the Declaration of Independence." By Reed Paige. Amherst: Printed by Joseph Cushing, 1804. 8vo. 20pp. Outer corners clipped. Disbound with some light doodling marks. Very good.

Bigelow Family of Massachusetts Group of Documents Including (1) Increase Sumner and John Avery Appointment Signed; (2) Caleb Strong Appointment Signed; (3) Nathaniel P. Banks Appointment Signed; (4) Phrenology Chart. All are near fine.

Edward Everett Autograph Free Franked Letter Signed with four other free franked covers. One page, 8" x 10", October 25, 1828, Boston. All covers are signed "E. Everett" as a Massachusetts' congressman, addressed to Alpheus Bigelow of Weston, Massachusetts, and are lightly stained. Very good.

Edwin F. Gardner, Deputy Surgeon General, Harvard Medical Diploma. One page, 16" x 20.75", June 30, 1875, [Cambridge, Massachusetts], partially printed vellum, in Latin. The diploma, that confers the title "Medicinae Doctoris" on Gardner, is signed by Charles W. Eliot, president of Harvard University and Calvin Ellis, dean of the Harvard Medical School. The university's engraved seal is printed at the bottom. Folds, else very fine.

Samuel F. Smith Autograph Quotation Signed "S. F. Smith". One page, lined, 5" x 7.5", n.d., n.p., containing two stanzas from Smith's poem "Softly Fades the Twilight Ray". Ink has faded to 75%, remaining legible, otherwise good.

[White Bull] Native American Creation Story Manuscript in Pencil, commencing with "In the beginning all the Indians lived underground . . . ." Two pages, 9.25" x 11.75", n.d., n.p., telling the "Story gathered from 'White Bull'", this metaphorical creation tale includes how the Indians first met "the white man." On toned paper with two punch-holes near the top edge. Weakness and some tears at the folds. Near very good.

[John Coffee] Archive of Letters from His Children, with Various Photographs. Over twenty-five letters are included, most written between 1827 and 1839 (two were written in the 1850s) from John and Mary Coffee's children. Most are written by the Coffee's eldest daughters, Mary and Elizabeth. Overall, all are in very good condition. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

[John Brown of Osawatomie] Two John Brown Jr. Autograph Letters Signed. The two letters, John Brown Jr.'s retained copies, are also signed by Owen Brown (Ruth B. Thompson has signed one). Both dated 1884 regarding the tenancy transfer of an eighty acre tract of land owned by the Browns in New York. Very good to fine.

[John Brown of Osawatomie] Owen Brown Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages, 5" x 7.75", December 6, 1866, "Corn Planter, Venango Co., Pa", to brothers John [Jr.] and Jason, concerning loaned money and various familial topics. Folds and light soiling; else fine.

[John Coffee] Archive Related to Cotton Port Venture Company. Contains near twelve land documents, many signed by John Coffee, relating to land purchases, mostly in "Cotton Port, Alabama Territory, Limestone County". All dated between 1818 through 1828. Some staining, toning, and foxing. Overall, this archive is in very good condition. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

Early Slave Sale Document, ca. mid-1500s. Two pages, front and verso, 8.5" x 12.5", December 6, 1553, [Peru], in Peninsular Spanish, mostly un-translated. An approximate translation reads, "Lawyer Diego Rodriguez, original resident of Arequipa, sells to Garcia Lopez, a Negro named Gaspar, free of liens and he is not a drunk, thief or runner and is sold for the price of 250 pesos of silver which has been paid. . . ." Ragged borders and light toning, else fine.

Slavery: "The New Fugitive Slave Law. Speech of Edwin C. Larned, Esq. in Reply to Hon. S.[tephen] A. Douglas." Chicago: The Democrat Office, 1850. 16pp. In original green wrappers. Fine.

Three Receipts for a "[Free] Woman of Colour" with dates from 1810-1812, Rehoboth [Massachusetts]. Two of the receipts have "Lucy Angel woman of colour" written at the top. All have some soiling, light dampstaining, and occasional smudged ink, but text is readable. These receipts, which are in good condition, provide insight into the business affairs of an early nineteenth century northern freewoman.

Bell System 1928 "Telephone Almanac". [32 pages], 6.75" x 10". Printed for "Bell System Telephone Subscribers by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company". Interesting content on early mass telephone use; with some small stains on the wrappers. Very good.

19th Century Drawing of a Sailing Frigate contained in an 1882 autograph album. The page facing the drawing bears the signature of Capt. John Simpson, listing his age as 80. Album is 4.25" x 3", with stamp embossed cloth covers. Light soiling, otherwise attractive. First page has come loose, weak joints.

Circular: Unengrossed Printed Complaint for the Birth of a "Bastard Child". One page, 7.75" x 6.50", n.p., n.d. This form allowed a "single Woman" to accuse a man of "having begotten her with Child of said Bastard Child". With folds and some foxing. Near fine.

Four Signatures on Birch Bark: James Whitcomb Riley (2), Frederick D. Grant, and Charles E. Hughes. Two are dated July 17, 1908, the others have no date. Various sizes ranging from 4" x 1.75" to 2.25" x 1", all in ink. The birch bark is in very good condition with some uneven edges.

Louisiana Territory: Frederick Bates Document Signed as secretary of the Louisiana Territory. Three pages, 7.75" x 12.75", July 31, 1809, St. Louis, Missouri. This deposition concerning a land dispute in the Louisiana Territory bears a blind embossed paper seal of the Territory of Louisiana. Docketed on verso. Toned with folds; very good.

Daniel Carroll Canal Lottery Ticket Signed, "Danl. Carroll of Dud." One ticket, 4" x 1.5", ca. 1810, "Washington City", marked as number twelve. Landowner and businessman Daniel Carroll was the cousin of Declaration of Independence signer Daniel Carroll of Upper Marlboro. Heavily toned; fine.

John E. Wool Autograph Document Twice Signed. One page, addressed and franked on the verso, 7" x 9.75", June 14, 1810, Troy [New York]. The document is a weekly enlistment return for the Thirteenth Regiment of Infantry, stationed in Troy. Dark, uneven toning, else fine.

Belva Lockwood Autograph Card Signed. One page, 3.5" x 2", n.d., n.p. The card, inscribed "Yours for peace, / Belva A. Lockwood", is mounted on a larger card. Light soiling and chipped lower left corner, else fine.

George Bancroft Albumen Signed. B/w, 3" x 5.5", 1861, n.p. An elegant photograph of Bancroft, founder of the Naval War College. With gentle fading, though the signature remains bold and clear. Very good.

John D. Rockefeller Jr. Typed Letter Signed. Typed on one of the four integral pages, 5" x 8", August 19, 1948, Seal Harbor, Maine, on "The Eyrie" stationary. Central fold, else very fine.

Theodorick Bland Colonial Court Document Signed Twice as court clerk. One partially printed page, 7.5" x 6.25", August 6, 1767, Prince George County [Virginia], concerning a payment of "Debts and Costs". Signed "Theo: Bland" as court clerk, with a second signature contained in the engrossment. Docketing on verso in an unknown hand. Toned with some separation and verso repairs along one vertical fold (the signatures have not been affected); near good.

[Benjamin Franklin] Shipping Bill of Lading for Unknown Contents from London "by Benjn. Franklin . . . bound for Boston in New England". One page, 9" x 5", Sept. 16, 1768, London, containing "Four Cases . . . The Contents Unknown". With smoothed folds and "IIII PENCE" embossed stamp. Very good.

Collection of Early Nineteenth Century Imprints: Congressional Speeches. Ten published speeches delivered by various members of the House of Representatives and Senate, and one delivered by Reverend John Mitchell Mason. All tracts are disbound, most with string binding. Pamphlets show light to heavy age toning; faint to heavy foxing. Most are in very good condition. Prospective buyers are advised to view lot carefully prior to bidding.

John E. Wool Autograph Letter Signed as Inspector General of the Army. Two pages, two sided with one integral blank, 8" x 10", Boston, July 6, 1829. Wool forwards several political pamphlets. Letter is lightly age tone with numerous creases; generally fine condition. Accompanied by a handsome 6.5" x 9.5" engraving of Wool.

Group of Three Imprints, dated 1814, 1822, and 1824, containing "Message[s] from the President", concerning Florida, "The Treaty with Spain", and "Peace with Great Britain". Some foxing; very good.

John Hay Typed Letter Signed. One page, 8" x 10", May 1, 1900, "Department of State. Washington." A letter of introduction for Miss Julie Chester Wells to the "Diplomatic and Consular Officers of the United States." Toned with tape remnants on verso; near fine.

Thomas Mifflin Land Patent Signed (1796, "Tho Mifflin") and Thomas McKean Land Patent Signed (1805, "Tho M:Kean"), as governors of "the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania". Each document has been signed under an embossed paper seal affixed with red wax. Both are partly printed on vellum and have been slightly trimmed. Both are in very good condition.

Thomas Mifflin Land Patent Signed (1795, "Tho Mifflin" as Governor) and Peter Muhlenberg Land Patent Signed (1788, "Pmuhlenberg" as Vice President of the Supreme Executive Council). Each document has been signed under an embossed paper seal affixed with red wax. Both are partly printed and have been slightly trimmed. Each is stained and foxed with docketed on verso; Muhlenberg's document has dampstaining. Each is near very good condition.

John Dickinson Land Patent Signed as president of Pennsylvania. One page, 30" x 6.75", November 30, 1783, [Pennsylvania]. Stained with foxing. The embossed paper seal, which was affixed with red wax, has become detached, but is present. Near very good.

[John Coffee] Joshua Coffee's Will Leaving His Son, John Coffee, Five Slaves (1797), with document (1839) related to John Coffee's estate after his death. Joshua Coffee's will is irregularly toned and slightly fragile; near very good condition. John Coffee's estate document (signed by his wife, Mary Coffee) is in fine condition. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

Early 19th Century Statesmen Group of Seventeen Letters, all dated between 1828 and 1858 and written to Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean covering a wide range of topics. The letter writers include congressmen, governors, diplomats, officers, judges, editors, and vice presidents. All are very good to fine.

Timothy Pickering Autograph Letter Signed "T. Pickering" as secretary of state. One page, 9.75" x 8", January 10, 1799, n.p. The letter, addressed to Dwight Foster, asks, "Have you got the Bridget? - Please let me know by the Beaver." Both the Beaver and the Bridget were undoubtedly ships. At the time Pickering was involved in procuring ships for the United States Revenue Cutter Service to limit smuggling. Folds and wax seal marks, else fine.

Major Robert Anderson Carte de Visite, 2.5" x 4", the Fort Sumter Union commander stands in uniform aside a chair. Photographed by Silsbee, Case & Co. of Boston (stamped on verso). "Maj. Anderson" is written in pencil on verso. Near fine.

Braxton Bragg Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 8" x 6.25", September 29, 1849, commending Sergeant Love with references to specific Mexican War battles. Mounted on a board and folds, else fine.

Benjamin F. Butler Group of Five Letters. All dated between 1872 and 1885 and signed by Butler, the Civil War Union commander of occupied New Orleans. These letters deal with a variety of topics, such as business matters, legal cases, and the People's Party and election of 1888. Together with three period engravings of Butler. All near fine to fine.

Jefferson Davis Autograph Political Appointment Letter Signed as U.S. Senator from Mississippi. One page, 8" x 10", February 3, 1848, from the "Senate Chambers" to "Dr. [Thomas] Lawson/ Surg. Genl." requesting a political appointment for a fellow Mississippian. Bold handwriting on toned paper with flattened folds; fine.

Carte de Visite of Captain Thomas Foulds Ellsworth, Medal of Honor Recipient. The CDV is 2.5" x 4", with "Graham Photographer . . . Mexico, Missouri" on the back, and gilt edges. Ellsworth, of the 55th Colored Infantry, the first regiment of colored soldiers, enlisted as a private, but was promoted to captain for saving the life of Colonel Alfred Stedman Hartwell during the battle at Honey Hill, South Carolina, on November 30, 1864, by carrying him off the field when wounded. Ells received the Medal of Honor for his Civil War heroism in 1895. Pencil notation on the verso and light soiling on the edges.

Winfield Scott Hancock Autograph Letter Signed to Senator Samuel Bell Maxey of Texas concerning political matters. Five pages, 4.5" x 7", December 21, 1875, New York, on mourning stationery with original mourning envelope. Near fine.

John E. Wool Letter Signed. One and one-half pages, 8" x 10", July 30, 1861, "Head quarters, Dept. of the East, Troy, N.Y.", to Boston Mayor Joseph M. Wightman, concerning the defense of Boston from the Confederates and the Lincoln administration's neglect of him. Together with two engravings of Wool and "General Orders No. 220", issued by the War Department, July 16, 1863, announcing his retirement. All items are fine.

Civil War: Group Containing Signatures of William H. Seward and Winfield Scott Hancock; Two Confederate $5 Notes; and General John Watts de Peyster Autograph Letter Signed. All are in near fine condition.

Confederate Currency: Bond with Attached Coupons, 14" x 13", February 20, 1863. One $100 Eight Per Cent Confederate bond certificate with seven coupons. Chipping, tears, and some paper loss along edges. Good condition. Together with a $500 facsimile bond with same date.

Civil War Pamphlet: Savannah and Boston. Account of the Supplies Sent to Savannah with the Last Appeal of Edward Everett in Faneuil Hall. Boston: John Wilson and Son, 1865. 46pp. 5.5" x 8.25". The pamphlet is sold with the calling card of W. H. J. Taylor, second auditor, Confederate States of America. Both the pamphlet and card are in a folding conservation box covered in black buckram. All are very fine.

Pamphlet: Reports of the Naval Engagements on the Mississippi River, Resulting in the Capture of Forts Jackson and St. Philip and the City of New Orleans, and the Destruction of the Rebel Naval Flotilla. 8vo. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1862. 107pp. With three fold-out maps and paper covers; good.
Reference: Sabin 53373.

Confederate Currency: Three Bond Certificates, Two Notes, and One Treasury Warrant. All are dated, signed, and numbered. Some are foxed and lightly soiled; all are toned and in near fine condition.

Collection of Fifteen Civil War Imprints: Mostly Congressional Speeches. Lot contains fifteen published speeches delivered by various members of the House of Representatives and the Senate. All tracts are disbound (except Authentic Speeches of S. P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury, During his Visit to Ohio, which has paper wrappers), most with string binding. Pamphlets show light to heavy age toning; some brittle pages. Generally very good to fine condition. Prospective buyers are advised to view lot carefully prior to bidding.

Duke of Wellington Autograph Letter. One page, front and verso, 7.25" x 9", October 13, 1835, London. The letter relates to a matter involving Edward Cassell and his fellow boatmen with regard to the Court of Admiralty of the Cinque Ports and the Commissioners of Salvage. Evenly toned, slight splitting at the folds, else fine.

Imprints: Four Nineteenth Century Printings, dating from 1837 through 1885. Includes (1) Eulogy Pronounced Before the People of Detroit, on the Burial Day of Gen'l Ulysses S. Grant, (2) An Act to Incorporate the "West Branch" Franklin Rail Road Company, (3) Washington's Valedictory Address to the People of the United States, and (4) Memoir of an Eventful Expedition in Central America. All fair to very good.

The Medallic History of the United States of America, 1776-1876, Volumes I (Text, 478pp) and II (Plates, 86), by J. F. Loubat. New York: Published by the Author, 1878. With 170 etchings by Jules Jacquemart. Original orange-tinged cloth with gilt lettering. Inscribed by author. Some discoloration to covers. Very good.

Four Post-Civil War Cartes de Visite of three young soldiers in uniform in various poses. The fourth CDV is features a middle-aged bearded veteran. Two of the CDVs bear Young's Photograph Gallery stamp on verso; one bears a J. H. Heering Photographic Gallery stamp. All are very good.

[Pope Sixtus V] Papal Bull. One page with docketing on the verso, 33" x 24", May 25, 1585, Rome, on vellum, in Latin. Although untranslated, the document appears to deal with the appointment of apostolic delegates. The document has some text weakness and small holes at the folds. The lead "bulla", or seal, and cords are missing, else fine.

David Ben-Gurion Typed Letter Signed as defense minister on State of Israel letterhead. One page, 6" x 8", March 24, 1955, Tel-Aviv, in Hebrew to newspaper editor "G. Shoken" concerning the celebration of "the second 'Allyah'" in Petach Tikva. Toned with two file holes along the right margin.

Group of 18 Autographs of Prominent Israelis, each on a 5" x 3" autograph card affixed with an appropriate U.S. commemorative stamp. The signatures include Moshe Arens, Menahim Begin, Michael Comay, Abba Eban, Chaim Herzog, Moshe Katsav, Ephraim Katzir, Teddy Kolleck, Golda Meier, Yitzhak Navon (with photo signed), Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Omert, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, Yitzhak Shamir, Ariel Sharon, Yosef Takoah and Ezer Weizman. All are in very fine condition.

President of Mexico: Álvaro Obregón Signed Photograph. The photo is 8" x 10", attractively matted and framed (10" x 13.75" overall), May 21, 1927, Mexico City, D.F.. The inscription reads, in Spanish, "Para mi buen amigo, Sr. Contralmirante Hilario Rodríguez Malpica. Cariñosamente. Mexico, Mayo 21 - 1927. A. Obregón" [To my Good Friend, Admiral Hilario Rodríguez Malpica. Affectionately. May 21 - 1927]. Very fine.

[Emiliano Zapata] Mexican Revolution: Broadside Announcing Issuance of Mexican Revolutionary Currency with Four Uncut Five Peso Bills Issued by the Constitutionalist Government of Mexico. The broadside measures 8.75" x 13.75" and is issued by Jose I. Prieto in the name of the provisional government of the State of Michoacán de Ocampo on April 26, 1913, in Spanish. The sheet with the four bills measures 9.5" x 5.5" and is printed on only one side. The bills were issued by the authority of the Constitutionalist Government October 12, 1915, Cuernavaca, in Spanish. The broadside has not been examined out of the frame. It is toned with two holes on the left. The bills are evenly toned. Both are fine or better.

Presidents of Mexico: Porfirio Díaz and Venustiano Carranza Typed Letters Signed. Each letter is 8.5" x 11". The Díaz letter is one page, August 5, 1905, Mexico City, D.F., on monogrammed stationery, in Spanish. The Carranza letter is one page, April 29, 1916, Mexico City D.F., on stationery of the "Primer Jefe del Ejercito Constituionista" [First Chief or the Constitutional Army], in Spanish. Both letters are evenly toned with folds, else fine.

José López Portillo and Luis Echeverría Signed Cartoons by Oscar Berger. The two pen and ink cartoons picture presidents of the Republic of Mexico: Portillo who served 1976 to 1982 and Echeverría who served between 1970 and 1976. The Portillo sketch is 9" x 12.5" and signed in pencil. The Echeverría sketch is 11" x 14" and also signed in pencil. Both are fine.

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Autograph Note Signed. One page, 6" x 3", n.d., n.p., excised from a larger document. In the note Talleyrand assures the unnamed recipient that he will give due consideration to the appointment of Monsieur Fourcroy to "l'establishment consulaire". Very attractively matted and framed (10" x 7" overall). The note is mounted on a board, lightly stained, else fine.

Queen Victoria Document Signed "Victoria R." One partially printed page, 16" x 12", November 25, 1897, "Given at Our Court at Saint James's", appointing "Arthur Mostyn Davies, Gentleman . . .to be an Officer in Our Land . . . in the Rank of 2nd Lieutenant". With docketing on verso. Light blue paper seal and vertical folds; fine.

Mark Twain Signed Card. One page, 3.5" x 2.5", n.d., n.p., on cardstock. Boldly signed in ink.

Mark Twain Signed Card. One page, 3.5" x 2.5", n.d., n.p., on cardstock. Boldly signed in ink.

Samuel Johnson Four Words in His Hand. On a 2.5" x .5" strip of paper which is affixed to a 4" x 6" piece of paper. Famed lexicographer, and author of the Dictionary of the English Language, Johnson has written, "You must not wonder". Complete letters by Johnson sell for upwards of $15,000 at auction, making this a unique opportunity to own an original exemplar of his holograph. Together with a 5.5" x 7.5" engraving. Both are fine.

James Russell Lowell Autograph Poem Signed "J. R. Lowell". One page, 4.25" x 4.75", June 17, 1881, n.p. This four-line poem was written to an unnamed recipient. Fine. The poem is framed and matted with an image of the poet to an overall size of 15.5" x 12.25".

Walter Scott Document Twice Signed. One page with docketing on the verso, 12.25" x 8.25", January 6, 1821, Edinburgh. The document is a registered protest filed by Campbell Macintosh against Peter Fraser of Inverness and Reverend James D. Smith of Urquhart for nonpayment of a debt. The front of the document is signed "W. Scott" and the verso has "[McQueen] Mackintosh, W.S." in Scott's hand. Damp staining to the right edge, else near fine.

Ansel Adams Typed Note Signed. One page, 5.5" x 3.25", June 26, 1969, n.p. Adams writes Rednor Coombs of Massachusetts that his prints have arrived safely, but "Things are HECTIC!!!!!!!" Adams' signature is large and in red ink. Fine.

Rockwell Kent and Raphael Soyer Signed Reproductions. Three individually signed reproductions, each between 6.5" x 9.25 and 7.5" x 10.5". The Raphael Soyer has a second image on the verso. All fine.

Jane Addams Signed Photograph, 6.5" x 10.5", sepia tone. The photo, signed in pencil by the photographer "Water", is inscribed in ink, "Faithfully yours, Jane Addams". The very attractive photo has one slight smudge on the upper right edge, else very fine.

Frances E. Willard Autograph Quotation Signed. One page, 4.5" X 7", "New Year, 1897", n.p.: "Only the Golden Rule can bring the Golden Age." This quotation was written by the women's suffragist and temperance reformer a year before her death. Toned; fine.

Thomas Edison Check Signed "Thos. A. Edison", 8.5" x 3" (sight), drawn on Savings Investment & Trust Company of East Orange, New Jersey, June 21, 1929, by Edison Botanic Research Corporation Payable to Tarupa Hardware for $6.50. With cancellation holes, some through the "Th" of Edison's signature. Nicely framed and matted with engraved plate and image to an overall size of 22.5" x 16.5". Fine condition.

[Thomas Edison] William H. Meadowcroft Typed Letter Signed and Annotated. One page, 8.5" x 11", January 6, 1927, Orange, New Jersey, on Edison Laboratory letterhead. Folds and even toning, else fine.

George W. Goethals' Signature and Postal Cover. The signature excised from a larger document and mounted on cardstock, measures 3.5" x 2", December 17, 1923, New York. Boldly signed "Geo. W. Goethals". The signature is sold with a First Day Canal Zone Cover of a stamp marking the twenty-fifth anniversary of the opening of the Panama Canal that featured Goethals. The cover also has a tipped real photograph of Goethals. The cover is toned and soiled, the signature is fine.

James C. Fargo American Express Stock Certificate Signed "Jas. C. Fargo" as "Executor of New York". One certificate, 11.5" x 8", September 16, 1890. With several void cuts and a cancellation stamp. Signature is bold and prominent at the top of the document. Fine condition.

Rowland Hill Autograph Letter Signed "Rowl. Hill". One page, 6.25" x 7.75", August 27, 1821, recommending a communicant to Surrey Chapel. Addressed to "Rev. R. Neroth" on verso. With folds; fine.

Henry H. Ogden Thrice Signed Document and Relics Collected on the First Around the World Flight, 1924. In a period shadow-box are two pieces of isinglass, a match-safe, and a gilt artifact, all with explanation captions. Ogden has signed under each caption. The box frame measures 10" x 12.75". The isinglass is loose, else fine.

Robert E. Peary Typed Letter Signed. One page, 8" x 10.5", May 22, 1905, Portland, Maine, asking the editor of the Portland Daily Advertiser to insert a wanted ad for three whaleboats. Some light soiling; fine.

Zebulon Pike Document Signed, "Zebu. Pike". Two page, front and verso, 7.5" x 4.5", April 16, 1798, Fort Massac [Illinois]. The document is a receipt for the payment of five dollars to a hewer and scorer of wood. Some chipping at edges, weakness at folds, and ink burns, else near very good. Included is a photographic copy of an engraving of Pike.

Robert L. Ripley Signed Photograph and Autograph Letter Signed. The 1929 photo is 8" x 10", and signed "To / James J. Carmichael Jr. / with best wishes / of / Ripley / Believe It or Not!" The autograph letter, 8.5" x 11", also to Carmichael, is undated. Folds to the letter, else both fine.

Group of Nineteenth Century Ballooning and Early Twentieth Century Aviation Ephemera, including an early newspaper accounts of 1826 balloon flights over New York City, booklets, sheet music, balloon departure announcements dating from the 1820s, diagrams, and more. This impressive collection of early air travel items is in very good condition.

Orville Wright Signed Check, 8" x 3" (sight), drawn on Winters National Bank & Trust Co., Dayton, Ohio, February 3, 1941. Payable to the order of "Science Service" in the amount of $3.00. Cancellation stamps and holes. Handsomely framed and matted with other memorabilia to an overall size of 19.75" x 18.25". Fine.

Buzz Aldrin Typed Quotation Signed. One page, 8.5" x 11", n.d., n.p. This document contains the first series of statements made after the Lunar Module's moon landing on July 20, 1969, including Astronaut Aldrin's words - the first issued by humankind from the moon - "Contact light." Very fine.

Presidential Prints: Lot of Ten Early Nineteenth Century Prints Featuring Presidents of the United States, including: a set of seven E. Bisbee prints from Washington to Jackson, 9.5" x 13.75", toned with light foxing; an H. Houston hand-colored print of John Adams, 11" x 15", toned with slight dampstaining at the lower left corner; an impressive inlaid engraving of the presidents from Washington to Tyler, engraved by Tho. Illman, 10" x 14" (12" x 16.75" overall), trimmed; and an 1834 engraving of the presidents from Washington to Jackson, designed by Robert W. Weir and engraved for the New York Mirror, 9.75" x 13.75", very fine.

James Monroe Check Signed "Jas Monroe", 6.25" x 3", November 2, 1814, three years before his election as the fifth U.S. president. With small cancellation "X" through "Jas". Very good.

[James Monroe] Printed Address: "Message from the President of the United States . . . The War with the Seminoles". Washington: D. de Krafft, 1818. 29pp. "March 25, 1818. Read, and ordered to lie upon the table." In modern wrappers. Toned throughout with some foxing; very good.

Andrew Jackson Cover Addressed in His Hand to "Jonathan Harvey/ Member of Congress/ Washington City" with postmark "NASH. T[ennessee]. May 7 [ca. 1837]" stamped in upper left. With remnants of the red wax seal; slightly stained and a bit fragile. Near very good.

[Andrew Jackson] John Coffee Papers Relating to the Sale of Property Lots in Florence, Alabama. Two documents: one, an early map of the "Plan of Florence"; the other, an early list of land purchasers from the Cypress Land Company, which included Andrew Jackson and John Coffee. Both documents are near very good. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

[Andrew Jackson] Andrew J. Hutchings Slave Replacement Receipt for a slave couple and their six children which had sold for $6,230. One lined page, 7.75" x 9.75", January 28, 1842, [likely Jackson, Tennessee], signed by the original seller and conveyed to Hutchings, who had "lost or mislaid" the original title. Left edge is slightly irregular. Near fine. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

[Andrew Jackson] Archive of Letters Regarding Alabama Gubernatorial and Senatorial Elections, with One Printed Broadside. Seven letters written by either John Coffee, Gabriel Moore, John Gayle, or John H. Lewis concerning rivalries, rumors, and misunderstandings about past appointments and upcoming elections. Also with broadside issued by Governor Gabriel Moore. All dated between July 1830 and May 1831. Some separations at folds; overall very good condition. Ex. The Papers of John Coffee.

Lincoln Assassination Newspapers: Four New York Weekly Times and one New York Times. All contain assassination news and are dated from one week to four weeks after Lincoln's April 14, 1865, assassination, except for the single issue of the New York Times, which is dated May 25, 1861. All are unopened and in near fine to fine condition.

Lincoln Assassination Newspapers: Public Ledger, Philadelphia, all dated between May 17, 1865, and June 8, 1865, with content on the trial of the Abraham Lincoln assassination conspirators. All are near fine.

[Abraham Lincoln] Senator Lafayette Foster Autograph Letter Signed. Six pages, 5" x 8", December 19, 1862, "Senate Chambers [Washington, D.C.]", to Mrs. Georgiana L. Peters criticizing President Lincoln and hoping for "a change in the Executive." Fine.

[Abraham Lincoln] Broadside: "How shall Soldiers Vote?" One page, 12" x 19.25", [1864], New York, attacking the Democratic Party as the party which was attempting to drive Union soldiers "home in disgrace from the field of battle." Toned with complete separation at center horizontal fold; chips and uneven toning along bottom margin; weakness at folds, else very good.

[Abraham Lincoln] Group of 4 Engravings, 3 of which are by Currier & Ives (the fourth by an unknown engraver). All are b/w lithographic prints, near 10" x 15", with depictions of Lincoln's family, assassination, and burial. Published by Currier & Ives, Nassau St. New York, all 1860s and very good.

Ulysses S. Grant, Four Cartes de Visite, as General, all 2.5" x 4". One CDV has a tax stamp on the verso and another has a facsimile Grant signature affixed to the verso. Light wear, else near fine.

Rutherford B. Hayes Signed Executive Mansion Card. One page, 4.5" x 2.75", n.d., Washington, D.C.. Mounting residue on the verso, else near fine.

James A. Garfield Check Signed "Ja Garfield". Partly printed, 7.75" x 3.5", February 6, 1874, Washington, on "Sergeant-at-Arms U. S. House of Representatives" check for $50. As payee, Garfield, a U.S. congressman from Ohio at the time, has written "myself Cash". Large, bold signature; fine.

James A. Garfield Manuscript Letter Signed. One page, 4.75" x 8", March 6, 1880, Washington, D.C., on United States House of Representatives lined paper, to R. P. Cannon of Aurora, Portage County, Ohio. Mounted on cardstock 8" x 11" overall. Very fine.

Chester A. Arthur Check Signed "C. A. Arthur". Partly printed, 7.25" x 2.5", February 6, 1878, drawn on the Nassau Bank of New York and written to Theodore Walton for $69. Contains cancellation cut; on verso appears Walton's endorsement and bank's stamp. Large and bold signature; fine.

Grover Cleveland Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages, 5.25" x 8.25", April 22, 1889, New York, on the letterhead of Bangs, Stetson, Tracy, & MacVeagh, "Attorneys and Counsellors at Law" (Grover Cleveland's name is also in the letterhead). To Edward A. Oldham. With flattened folds; very good.

Grover Cleveland Typed Letter Signed to Senator Samuel B. Maxey of Texas. One page, 7.75" x 10", July 16, 1892, "Gray Gables. Buzzards Bay, Mass.", concerning "the pending [presidential] campaign". Toned with folds; fine. Also offered here is the transmittal envelope and sixteen page "Souvenir of the Inauguration Ball, March 4th, 1885."

Grover Cleveland Presidential Appointment Signed and countersigned by Secretary of War Daniel S. Lamont. One partially printed vellum page, 15.75" x 19.25", December 30, 1895, appointing the future deputy surgeon general to "Surgeon with the rank of Major". With military and patriotic vignettes and affixed with a dark blue War Department seal. With folds; fine.

William McKinley Check Signed as the twenty-fifth president. Partly printed, 7" x 3", July 14, 1898. Drawn on the American Security and Trust Company for $50 to Ida Barker. With endorsement on verso, tax stamp, cancellation holes, and bank stamps. Near fine.

Theodore Roosevelt Military Appointment Signed appointing Edwin F. Gardner deputy surgeon general, countersigned by Secretary of War Elihu Root. One page, 21" x 15.75", December 7, 1903, "City of Washington". With blue War Office seal in bottom left. Toned with folds; fine.

Theodore Roosevelt Check Signed. Partly printed, 6.5" x 2.75", June 7, 1911 (two years after Roosevelt left the White House). Drawn on the Astor Trust Company for $48.96 to Charles D. Wetmore. With stamps on verso and cancellation holes. Very bold signature; fine.

Theodore Roosevelt Signed and Inscribed Photograph, 7.5" x 9.5" Harris & Ewing print, chest-up portrait. Signed beneath the albumen on the mount: "With all good wishes for the success of the movement for Pan-American Peace and Friendship. Theodore Roosevelt April 27th 1908." An important inscription as president. Albumen has considerable fading as well as a dark spot and cracking at lower left. Mount has chipping at right margin, with a bold and prominent inscription. In a period frame to an overall size of 15.5" x 18".

[Theodore Roosevelt] Woodrow Wilson Printed Proclamation Issued upon the Death of Roosevelt. One page with black border, 8.5" x 13.25", [ca. January 6, 1919], [Washington, D.C.], "By the President: Robert Lansing Secretary of State". Unevenly tone with light dampstaining; very good.

William Howard Taft Typed Document Signed "Wm. H. Taft" as secretary of war. One carbon copy page with docketing on the verso, 8.5" x 14", November 29, 1905, n.p. [Washington, D.C.], with an attached folded blueprint, 23.5" x 13.5". Some weakness at the folds, very minor staining, and one-half or the seal missing, else very good.

William H. Taft Presidential Appointment Signed and countersigned by Secretary of War Jacob M. Dickinson appointing Edwin F. Gardner "Colonel on the retired list of the Army". One partially printed vellum page, 15" x 19", May 12, 1910, "City of Washington". Engraved with grand military vignettes and affixed with bright blue U. S. War Department seal. Folds. Fine.

William H. Taft Check Signed "Wm H. Taft". Partly printed, 8.5" x 3", January 28, 1921. Drawn on the Second National Bank of New Haven for $17 to W. F. Gilbert & Company. With cancellation holes. Bold signature of Taft eight months after serving as the twenty-seventh president and six months before becoming the tenth U.S. Chief Justice. Fine.

William Taft Photo Signed "For Fred A Emery with best/ wishes of Wm. H Taft", 6.75" x 8.75", sepia toned, showing a smiling Taft using a candlestick telephone. With embossed copyright stamp in lower right of famed Washington photographers Harris & Ewing. Mounting remnants on verso, else fine.

Calvin Coolidge Engraving Inscribed and Signed. One page, 9.5" x 12.75", n.d., n.p., mounted on board and trimmed. The engraving is signed in pencil and reads, "To Forrest H. Sweet, with regards, Calvin Coolidge". Sweet was a noted manuscript expert and dealer. Light toning at the edges, else fine.

Calvin Coolidge Check Signed. Partly printed, 8.25" x 3", May 11, 1929, two months after Coolidge left the White House. Drawn on the Hampshire County Trust Company of Northampton, Massachusetts, for $47.14 to the Consolidated Dry Goods Company. With cancellation holes; near fine.

Franklin Roosevelt Typed Letter Signed "Franklin D. Roosevelt" while governor of New York. One page, 8" x 10.5", November 26, 1930, Warm Springs, Georgia, on "State of New York Executive Chamber" letterhead, to Nick Shuler of Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, concerning a letter Roosevelt was to give to Dr. LeRoy W. Hubbard, "the physician in charge here". Toned with folds; near fine.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Check Signed while governor of New York. Partly printed, 9" x 3.5", April 3, 1929. Drawn on the National Commercial Bank & Trust Company of Albany for $13.50 to Martin Johnson. With endorsement, bank stamps, and cancellation holes. Slight wrinkling; very good.

Harry Truman Check Signed "Harry S. Truman", 6.25" x 2.75", July 1, 1925, Kansas City, Missouri, written against the City Bank of Kansas City. Made out to the Automobile Club for $20. Bears hole- punched cancellation as well as an ink-stamped deposit notice and endorsement. Fine.

Dwight Eisenhower Typed Letter Signed as president with cover. One page, 7" x 9", October 23, 1956, Washington, on White House letterhead. Thanking Emma Mulvihill of Hollywood, California, for the "nice birthday card". Very fine.

John F. Kennedy Typed Letter Signed "John". One page, 8" x 10.5", June 8, 1953, Washington, D.C., on United States Senate stationery, sold with two attached forms related to Kennedy's letter. Kennedy writes, "In regard to your interest in Mrs. V. Stelline, I have been advised by the Veteran's Administration that they forwarded to her the information as to when her insurance and compensation payments would start, as per enclosed copies of letters they sent to me." He concludes, "It was a pleasure to be of assistance in this matter, and if there is anything more I can do for Mrs. Stelline, I hope you will let me know." The letter is in regard to a serviceman's widow's insurance policy. Folds and staple in upper left corner, else very fine.

John F. Kennedy Typed Letter Signed "John". One page, 6.25" x 8", July 1, 1953, Washington, D.C., sold with the attached transmittal envelope. The senator's letter thanks two Massachusetts men for their telegram of congratulations to Kennedy and "Miss. Bouvier" upon the announcement of their engagement. The telegram and its transmittal envelope are included. Kennedy added "Many thanks" in his own hand. Folds and staple at top, else very fine.

Richard Nixon Typed Letter Signed "Dick Nixon" with a printed franking signature on the transmittal envelope. One page, 7.25" x 10.5", September 8, 1978, San Clemente, California, to J. Mark Martin of Virginia, mentioning "my second book", on the former president's personal letterhead. With folds; fine.

Richard Nixon Typed Letter Signed "Dick Nixon" as a U.S. Senator from California. One page, 7.25" x 10.5", September 8, 1978, San Clemente, California, on U.S. Senate letterhead, to Tom Doolan of California, concerning his upcoming inauguration as Dwight Eisenhower's vice-president. Lightly toned with expected folds; fine.

Gerald Ford Autograph Letter Signed "Gerald R. Ford" in red ink, along with a printed franking signature on the transmittal envelope. One page, December 31 [n.y.] Rancho Mirage, California, expressing thanks to Sid Craig, husband of Jenny Craig, of Los Angeles for "the oranges, apples, and grapefruit". Fine.

Gerald Ford Typed Letter Signed "Jerry Ford" with Postscript Initialed "J", along with a printed franking signature on the transmittal envelope. One page, 6.25" x 8.5" (letter), June 29, 1983, Rancho Mirage, California, expressing thanks to Sid Craig, husband of Jenny Craig, of Los Angeles for "the beautiful flower arrangement . . . following my surgery". Fine.

Jimmy Carter Typed Letter Signed as President to Senator Patrick Moynihan of New York on "Air Force One" letterhead with transmittal envelope. One page, 6.25" x 9.25", October 1, 1980, thanking the senator for "joining me for a great trip." Clipped corner with transmittal code along left side. Fine.

Ronald Reagan Typed Letter Signed "Dutch" as governor of California. One page, 8.5" x 11", September 5, 1972, Sacramento, to Attorney E. E. Empie, Jr., of Kansas City, apologizing for "difficulties with our Inheritance Tax Commission". On "State of California/ Governor's Office" letterhead. With folds; fine.