2010 February Signature Historical Manuscripts Auction

Thomas Danforth Autograph Document Signed "Tho: Danforth". One page, April 2, 1659, n.p. [Massachusetts]. This is an agreement for work "to be completely finished before the lst of August next In consideration whereof the said Thomas Danforth & Edward Micholson do covent with the said Thomas Call to pay & sattisfie [?] them or their Assignee the full sum of sixteen pounds & ten shill". The agreement specifies that six pounds could be paid in "Indian corns [?] & the remainder ten pounds & ten shill. in English goods."

Thomas Danforth (1622-1699) served in a minor position in the Massachusetts Bay Colony government from 1659 through 1678; he later served as deputy governor of the colony at the time of the notorious Salem witch trials which lasted from 1692-1693. Arthur Miller's play the Crucible portrays the character Thomas Danforth as pompous and self-interested. This document is matted to an overall size of 10" x 12". Age-toned and near fine.

John Endecott Document Signed "Jo: Endecott Gov." One page, 5.5" x 2", April 24, 1644 [or 1649], Marblehead [Massachusetts], "to the constable of Marblehead". This five line complaint is signed by John Endecott, who had previously served as Massachusetts Bay Colony's second governor. Endecott (ca. 1588-1665) was a member of the Massachusetts Bay Company. He led a group of about one hundred Puritan settlers in 1628 from England and settled north of Plymouth Colony in what would later be Salem, Massachusetts. A strict Puritan noted for his suppression of religious dissent, he served several separate terms as governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629-1630, 1644, 1649, 1651-1653, 1655-1664). In between his terms, he served in many important positions within the colony, including leadership positions in the colony's militia (he led the Massachusetts militia during the Pequot War from 1636-1637). This very early American document is matted and framed to an overall size of 10" x 6.75". Toned with some stains, it has not been examined outside of the frame. Near very good.

Josiah Winslow Land Deed Signed "Josiah S. Winslow gov" as governor of Plymouth Colony, with three lines in his hand. Also signed by Governor Winslow's daughter, Elizabeth Winslow. One page, 11.25" x 15", May 25, 1680, n.p. The day and month have been left blank. This deed of land from father (William Tubs Sr.) to son (William Tubs Jr.) begins, "To all people to whom these presents may come, William Tubs Senior of Duxburrow in the Collony of New Plimouth in New England in America: planter sendeth greeting. . . . I Acknowledged myself to be fully contented payed & sattysfied." Some of the acreage was " situated within the township of Duxburrow aforesaid and is bounded eastward with Namahasissit River." The three lines at the end of the document written by Winslow read, "William Tubs Sen. above appeared before mee/ May 25 1680 and acknowledged this instrument/ to bee his Free and voluntary act and deed. Before."

Josiah Winslow (1628-1680), the son of Governor Edward Winslow, served as the Plymouth Colony governor from 1673 through 1680--the first governor born in the colony. During his governorship, the colony was embroiled in the devastating King Philip's War, which ended four years before this document was signed. Elizabeth Winslow (1664-1735 ), fifteen years old at the time she signed this deed, married Stephen Burton five years later. The document is matted and framed to an overall size of 17" x 22"; it has not been examined outside of the frame. Age-toned and brittle. Irregular right margin with loss of a few words of text. Paper loss also in bottom left and right corners, though with no loss of text. Good.

New Hampshire Colonial Imprint Fixing the Value of Silver and Gold Coin and Usury Rates. Laws of the Province of New Hampshire: An Act for ascertaining the Value of coined Silver and Gold, and English Half-Pence and Farthings, and the rates at which they shall pass for the future in this Province. Also: An Act to restrain the taking excessive Usury. Five pages, 7.5" x 12" (untrimmed), Porstmouth, New Hampshire; Printed by Order of His Excellency the Governor. [August 1], 1765. Sold by Furber & Russell. Stitched binding. Printed tract contains two Acts.

First Act: An Act for ascertaining the Value of coined Silver and Gold. In addition to setting standard values for English, Spanish, and Portuguese coins, the Act also defines the "Penalty for passing gold or silver at any other rate," decrees that "All contracts to be understood for this money; all accounts to be kept accordingly," and establishes "How former debts are to be estimated." Finally, it decrees that "All contracts &c. to be understood for gold or silver at that value from the First of August."

Second Act: An Act to restrain the taking excessive Usury. Act restricts "taking excessive interest for the loan of money... wares, merchandize or any other personal estate whatsoever," and decrees "No interest to be allowed above six per cent." The Act allows for penalties and exceptions, and decrees "All securities for money now outstanding to be reduced to six per cent."

This interesting document reveals the confusion - both before and after its enactment - that foreign coins created in the colonies. It would not be until 1792 that the first half dimes and a few copper cents patterns were struck by the new United States mint. Document is lightly age toned with occasional foxing and a few small chips/tears along edges. Generally very good condition.

Abolitionist John Brown Signature and Salt Print Image. Clipped signature "Your friend / John Brown", on a slip of paper, 3.75" x .75", mounted beneath an oval salt print albumen of Brown. Brown stands in three-quarter profile with his hands in his pockets. The oval image measures approximately 5.5" x 7.5", and is framed with the signature to an overall size of 10" x 12.5". Signature has faded to about 50%, but remains visible. Photo retains good contrast and detail, with a few dark spots throughout.

John Brown (1800-1859) is undoubtedly one of the most controversial figures of the 19th Century. History has both vilified him as a religious fanatic guilty of the Pottawatomie Massacre, and in turn as hero sometimes credited with starting the chain of events that would eventually lead to the freeing of the slaves. The current consensus on Brown is that he was a man of strong faith and will, who died a martyr to the cause of abolition.

King Kamehameha Autograph Letter Signed to a Protestant Missionary. One page with integral address leaf, 6.25" x 7.75", n.p, [Lahaina, Maui], n.d. Kamehameha was Hawaii's first Christian king and its longest- reigning monarch. Under his rule Hawaii transitioned from a pagan absolute monarchy to a Christian constitutional monarchy with the signing of not one but two of Hawaii's Constitutions in 1840 and 1852. In this brief letter to Reverend Baldwin - addressed to "Mr. Bolowina" - the King wishes to inform him "of several matters. Aikake, the name of the man, and Kekui, the name of the woman, want to marry. When they are to marry is your decision. Tomorrow is the child's funeral. Kamehameha." Written in pencil and moderate age toned. Somewhat fragile with small separations at fold.

Addressed to Protestant medical missionary Rev. Dwight D. Baldwin, who moved to Lahaina with his family in the mid-1830s, this letter is an important association exemplifying Hawaii's move to Christianity under Kamehameha's rule. Dr. Baldwin not only ministered to the locals, he also served as government physician for the islands of Maui, Moloka'i, and Lana'i. One of his most significant contributions to island society occurred when the smallpox epidemic of 1853 took hold in the Hawaiian Islands. Dr. Baldwin was able to get all of Lahaina quarantined and vaccinated, then set out on a mule to take care of people in the far reaches of Maui as well as on Lana'i. In all, there were 10,000 smallpox deaths in Hawaii, but thanks to Dr. Baldwin, there were only 250 reported deaths on Maui.

Hawaiian King Kalakaua I Autograph Letter Signed, four pages, 4.25" x 7", on stationery with the embossed royal cipher in silver, August 9, 1882, Honolulu. The letter is an acknowledgement of a received letter and a circular requesting that the Kingdom of Hawaii send a representative. King Kalakaua accepts the invitation on behalf of his government and further tells his unnamed correspondent of his intention to send six young Hawaiian men to the United Kingdom. Four young men will serve an apprenticeship in civil engineering to a civil engineering firm in Glasgow. The king proposes that the other two men be sent to the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, to learn military engineering. Kalakaua sent some young men to Italy for training, but "turned my mind to have these young men sent to England, and preferring Woolwich, having visited during my visit in England."

The year before, in 1881, King Kalakaua became the first Hawaiian king to travel around the world when he traveled to the United States, Japan, China, Siam, Burma, British India, Egypt, Italy, Belgium, the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, France, Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. During his travels, Kalakaua met many crowned heads of state, including Queen Victoria.

The letter is tipped into a copy of Unwritten Literature of Hawaii: The Sacred Songs of the Hula by Nathaniel B. Emerson, (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1909). The book is inscribed "S. Percy Smith from W. D. Alexander, 1910". All three men, Emerson, Smith, and Alexander, were actively involved in the debate over the morality of the hula dance. Under the reign of King Kalakaua , hula was revived, which had been banned by the missionaries in the 1820s after being deemed immoral. The king's love of joyful elements of life earned the nickname "the Merrie Monarch".

The book spine is weak, but the letter is near fine. A very interesting lot.

Lili'uokalani Photograph Signed, 5.25" x 8.5", showing the last monarch of the Hawaiian Islands in sepia holding a graceful standing pose. The queen, a well educated and intelligent woman, assumed the Hawaiian throne upon the death of her brother, King Kalakaua. She reigned from 1891 through 1893. Fine condition.

Seneca Indian Chief N. T. Strong Document Signed. Two pages, 7.5" x 9.5", September 16, 1848, Cattaraugus Reservation "Near Irving [New York]". Chief N. T. Strong provides information in this document to "R. H. Shankland, Esq., U.S. Agent Ind. Affairs. Cattaraugus Co. NY" concerning a Seneca Nation census at Cattaraugus Reservation. In part: "We have no correct data for this year for the necessary statistics of the New York Indians, indeed we have not had since the report . . . to the Legislature of the state of New York in 1846." Strong then provides a count of eight Indian tribes living on the reservation: "Buffalo Senecas 446/ Cattaraugus 808/ Alleghany 783. . . ." He also gives information on "the number of acres of the improved land in the Reservation", as well as the numbers of bushels of wheat, corn, potatoes, turnips, and oats along with the number of animals, "ploughs", and more. Strong concludes by writing, "I think to show the progress of the Indians towards civilization, so far as the cultivation of land is concerned. I confess it is imperfect one, but the last and the most correct." The reservation was created six years earlier following a treaty between the U.S. and the Seneca (also signed by Strong). Toned with folds. The ink has slightly faded, though easily legible. Very good.

Confederate Treaty Appropriations for Indians. Two handwritten pages, 8" x 12", April 22, 1864, "Office of Indian Affairs," Richmond, Virginia, submitted by "S. S. Scott, Commissioner" to Confederate Secretary of War James A. Seddon supplying the "Estimates of appropriations required to comply with treaty stipulations entered into between the Confederate States and certain Indian Tribes."

Various sections of the document read in part: "Seminole Treaty, August 1, 1861. For permanent annuity payable December 30, 1864, under Article 38, $5000 of the same to be paid to the Treasurer of the Nation, to be used as the General Council may direct, & the residue of $20,000, to be paid per capita by the agent of the Seminoles to all the individuals of the Nation equally & share & share alike." [The total for this permanent annuity was $25,000.] "For annual provision for the support of schools payable the simmer 30th 1864, under Article 38, to be applied and expended under the direction of the President, by the agent of the Seminoles." [The total for this annual provision was $3000.] "The annual provision for smiths & smith-shops payable December 30, 1864 . . . to be paid to the Treasurer of the Nation, & expended under the direction of the General Council." [The total for this annual provision was $2200.]"For annual provision for agricultural assistance, payable December 30, 1864 . . . to be expended under the direction of the President by the agent of the Seminoles." [The total for this annual provision was $2000. The total for all of these payments was $32,200.]

Page two lists $110,000 of additional expenses, including $50,000 for "rations are provisions to be furnished the Reserve Indians"; $10,000 for "rations of provisions to be furnished the Comanches"; and $50,000 "To meet the incidental expenses of the public services within the Indian Tribes from June 30 to December 30, 1864." A "Recapitulation" appears at the end of the document giving the total for all appropriation estimates to be $142,200.

Between July and October 1861, the Confederate States quickly entered into separate treaties with major Southern tribes, including the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Osage, Creek, Seminoles, and Comanches. The tribes hoped to gain greater freedom from the Confederate States than they had from the United States. Fine condition.

Confederate Treaty Appropriations for Six Indian Tribes, ca. 1864. Four pages, 8" x 10.5", n.p., giving the "Estimate of appropriations required to comply with Treaty stipulations entered into between the Confederate States and Certain Indian Tribes"; those tribes included the Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Osage, and Seminoles.

Between July and October 1861, the Confederate States entered into separate treaties with each of these tribes (the Choctaw and Chickasaw being part of the same treaty) which required the Confederate government to pay specified annuities, interest, provisions (some for education, "wagonmakers, black-smiths, shops, iron steel & agricultural purposes"), and "other payments, amounts, and allowances." This document, which cites specific articles from the various treaties, lists in the right margin of each page amounts and totals for these monetary obligations which were to accrue during 1864 and 1865 for each tribe and were "to be paid to the Treasurers of the Nation." According to the document, the Choctaw and Chickasaw amounts totaled $61,126.89, the most expensive for the Confederate government. The Creek amounts totaled $40,920.00, the second largest expenditure.

Following the initial formation of the Confederate States of America, the government quickly negotiated treaties with all major southern Indian tribes. The tribes hoped to guarantee greater freedom from the Confederate States than they had from the United States. On lined paper. Fine condition.

[Texas Revolution] Joseph P. Pulsifer Retained Letter Diary Spanning October 30, 1832-August 4, 1836. 146 letters, totaling 282 pages, 4" x 6.5", meticulously and legibly copied in ink by Massachusetts native Joseph Pulsifer. An interesting archive as it includes official and personal letters written and received by Pulsifer including many relating a remarkably informed story of the events of the Texas Revolution as they unfold. The letters also reveal fascinating details about life in Massachusetts and New Orleans in the 1830s.

Joseph Pulsifer was born in 1805 in Newburyport, Massachusetts. Brought up in a close-knit family, he trained as an apothecary and moved to Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1827 to open a drug store. In an early letter dated May 30, 1833, Pulsifer was invited to move to New Orleans by a business proposal from Samuel Mason: "Do not be surprised to receive a letter from your old friend down at such a distance from the land of his birth for he is come here and contented to stay and now writes to invite you to come to this rich and beautiful country." Mason promised Pulsifer a " retail branch about 3/4s of a mile above our present store [in New Orleans] and would give you the charge of the same at a fixed salary or would give a portion of the profits as you might prefer. If you would like to try your fortune in this section of our continent answer soon."

Pulsifer accepted and moved to the bustling port city of New Orleans later in 1833 at the age of twenty-eight. As the correspondences in his diary reveal, New Orleans was a dangerous place. Outbreaks of various diseases were common: "Our City [New Orleans] is now very sickly, the yellow fever is raging to a great extent"; "I have seen by the papers that the cholera is now raging in New Orleans. I suppose it alarms you a little."

In 1835, two years after arriving in New Orleans, Mason died and Pulsifer entered another business partnership with Henry Millard and Thomas B. Huling. This mercantile business partnership required him to move to Texas in July 1835 to manage a store at Santa Anna-soon renamed Beaumont-in the piney southeast corner of Texas along the Neches River. There, just thirty miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico, Pulsifer sold medicines, liquor, coffee, shoes, "calicoes", blankets, guns, gunpowder, and groceries to the thinly scattered Texas settlers.

Making life in southeast Texas more difficult was the absence of good roads through the thick pine forests and bayous, causing Pulsifer to remark unequivocally, "We have no roads." Travel was best done by canoe, steamboat, or on horseback. In one letter, Pulsifer claimed to Lucy that to travel from Beaumont to New Orleans (261 miles along modern Interstate 10) he "had 200 miles to ride on horseback to get to a steamboat and then 200 down the [Red] river to get to this place [New Orleans]." But despite the hardships, Pulsifer appears to have adapted well to his new home, even describing his dwelling in Beaumont as "a capacious log house placed in the midst of a forest bordering a view-than which there can be none more beautiful in the world."

For the next several months, Pulsifer managed his store while writing and receiving many letters which reveal details of the unfolding Texas Revolution. Two letters, however, are outstanding for their content about the revolution. The first was written from Beaumont to "Friend Brown" (George Brown, a close friend from New England), dated April 19, 1836. In this letter he writes, "The most correct particulars I can get hold of relating to its loss . . . were obtained if I mistake not by the black boy [Joe] owned by Capt Traviss and a lady that the Mexicans let go to her home [Susanna Dickinson]. There were at the time 184 men in the fort. . . ." In the riveting narrative that follows, Pulsifer gives what must have been all of the news he had at that time, only forty-four days after the fall. Included in his account is "the red flag waving, denoting that no quarter would be shewed them"; Travis emboldening his men with "here they come boys, thick as hail"; and the apocryphal account of the dying Travis killing one last Mexican commander before being killed himself. "Such friend Brown," Pulsifer ends his story, "is the melancholy tale of the fall of the Alamo, and dear dearly did the Mexicans purchase it."

Pulsifer devoted several pages in the letter to the aftermath of the Alamo, including the surrender of James Fannin ("he hoisted a white flag and capitulated with the Mexicans . . . [the Mexican soldiers] most inhumanly massacred them all . . . Cursed demons!") and the retreat of Sam Houston's army before the invading force of Santa Anna. Frustrated, Pulsifer ends this letter, "I can get no news from the U.S. for our mail is thrown into confusion again."

The second letter concerning the Alamo (and the longest letter in the diary) was written by Pulsifer to his sister Lucy on May 21, 1836. In this account, he gives an inclusive summary of the Revolution, going back to the events of June 1835 in Anahuac: "It seems before I left New Orleans [July 1835] the people had risen against the Mexican authority, and a few armed Texians had driven from Nacogdoches and a place called Anahuac . . . all the soldiers of the Mexican military government." Pulsifer blames the Revolution on Santa Anna, whom the Texians had at one time "worshipped", but the "patriotism of Santa Anna was soon swallowed up in his ambition and the title of President was too simple to fill his aspiring mind therefore another resolution was set at work in Mexico, and soon the constitution was trampled under foot to give place to a central or military system, with Santa Anna at its heads as Dictator perhaps for life. . . . Texas with a population not exceeding thirty thousand, at that time alone stood out against Santa Anna with his mighty power." About the Alamo: "The Mexicans with Santa Anna at their head suddenly made their appearance giving our men to the name of 184 only time to get into the Alamo something like 20 or 30 days provisions and themselves, when they took possession of St. Antonio. Then they commenced operations on the Alamo. . . ." Since writing the letter to Brown in April, Pulsifer had learned new information which he included in this letter, such as the story of the Mexican woman who was inside the form Catholic mission and "gave intelligence to the Mexicans without that all were asleep in the fort." Also included in this letter is the defeat of Santa Anna at San Jacinto: "In 15 minutes the Mexicans were completely routed for the watchword was that which could do no otherwise then make our men fight like lions-Remember the Alamo was the fearful cry. . . . The last victory have given them a dread of the Americans they can never recover from and I sincerely hope will be the means of giving us peace."

Following a final letter to Huling on August 4, 1836, the diary ends with the following entry: "I had the misfortune by breaking a Phial of phosphorous in my hat to destroy a letter from Thos B. Huling, two from Col Millard, one from John C. Read and one from Wm Moore one also from Franklin Hardin." After this unfortunate entry, Pulsifer's pen falls silent and he leaves several gatherings of empty pages. He died in Beaumont, Texas, in 1861 leaving his belongings, including a thirteen volume diary of which this single volume was a part, to his sister, Lucy Pulsifer Granger. (Joseph had no children and remained a bachelor all of his life.) Lucy and her husband George Granger moved from Newburyport, Massachusetts, to Galveston, Texas, after the Texas Revolution. The diaries remained with their descendants in Galveston until the devastating hurricane of 1900, when all but this volume was lost. The volume, which was chronologically the first volume, remained in the Granger family.

The diary is comprised of seven sewn gatherings. The pages are toned and brittle with occasional light chipping and faint staining; light dampstaining occurs on several of the blank pages near the end of the diary. The worn and wrinkled coated brown paper wrappers are detached but present. Only one leaf has separated from the binding. Considering its age and the amount of handling it has endured, this fragile item is in remarkably solid condition. Several documents, which illuminate the diary, are included.

[Davy Crockett] Mark Hoffman Forgery of a David Crockett Autograph Document Signed. One page, 6.5" x 4.5", n.p., "December the 24th." This small age toned piece of paper, affixed to a piece of cardboard, bears the faded testimony of Margaret and David Crockett with regard to the "rights and claims that she had to the land that was wilt [sic] to her by her husband William Crokit [sic], the land whare [sic] the said John Crokitt [sic] was liv[ing]."

Although its lack of authenticity was not discovered until some time after its purchase, this piece is a forgery, created by Mark Hoffman, American counterfeiter, forger and murderer. Widely regarded as one of the most accomplished forgers in history, Hofmann is especially noted for his creation of documents relating to the history of the Latter Day Saints religious movement. When Hofmann's schemes began to unravel, he constructed bombs to murder two people in Salt Lake City, Utah. He was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to life in prison. The document is heavily worn along the edges, with significant simulated age toning and affixed to a cabinet card mounting to appear to be from the period.

Constable Wyatt Earp Autograph Endorsement Signed on a February 1870 Lamar, Missouri Subpoena Document. Two pages (one leaf, front and back), 7.75" x 4.75", partly-printed "State of Missouri" form filled out in manuscript, February 28, 1870, Lamar Township, Barton County, Missouri. This form had been originally printed for St. Louis township in St. Louis county; these printed words are all crossed out and corrected in manuscript. It is a summons for Thomas G. Harvey to appear forthwith, "...to testify on the trial of a case wherein the state of Missouri plaintiff, and Thomas Brown is defendant, on the part of the Defendant and of this you are not to fail at your peril." It is signed by Justice "M Pyle". The verso contains the following handwritten and signed endorsement by the twenty-one year old Constable Wyatt Earp, written horizontally on the top half of the page: "I have served the within Summons/ upon the within Named Thomas g Harvey/ by Reading the same to him/ this Feb 28, 1870/ W. S. Earp/ Const". Earp has also written "Const fee 25-" beneath the docketing information. There are three insignificant filing tears along the top and one minor tear along the left edge, affecting none of the writing. One very light stain at the right edge detracts little. The endorsement and signature is bold and clear with a negligible smudge on the "th" in "this". Overall in fine condition with one original fold, no toning, and sharp, clean edges. Stunningly double matted and framed to an overall 25.75" x 17.5" where the verso of the document is shown beneath a reproduction of the recto. Two photos, one a portrait, the other a photo of the Dodge City Peace Commission, and two engraved plates complete the presentation. Certainly worthy of the finest collections.

Wyatt Earp had been appointed constable in Lamar on November 26, 1869, replacing his father who had resigned to become justice of the peace. This document is dated just three months later, and only weeks after he married his first wife Urilla Sutherland (who was to die later that same year). Dodge City, Tombstone, the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, Bat Masterson, Doc Holliday, the vendetta ride, and all the rest of the events, locations, and associations that fascinate us about Earp were in his future at this point in time. A bit of research has turned up the likely identity of the defendant Thomas Brown. In the 1860 U.S. census for Lamar Township, there is a fourteen year old son of a blacksmith named Thomas L. Brown. He would have been twenty-four in 1870. A printed copy of that census page will be included with this lot.

On November 11, 2007, Heritage sold at auction (Sale 680, Lot 74189) a similar Earp-signed summons document dated July 23, 1870 (nearly four months later than this one). It sold for $44,812.50. Our current offering is dated earlier, is in pristine condition and is beautifully presented.

Ogden Ellery Edwards California Gold Rush Archive. Outstanding Gold Rush archive contains five mining letters from 1851-52, a scarce illustrated letter sheet depicting four mining vignettes, and seven unpublished typed manuscripts, circa 1890s. As gold fever swept the nation in 1849, 20-year old Ogden Ellery Edwards set off for California to make his fortune. This archive contains five Autograph Letters Signed by Edwards, addressed to relative Annie, Uncle Amory, sister Fanny, and younger brother Robbie. The letters span a five-month period (November 1851 through March 1852), and contain wonderful descriptions of his life, his successes and failures, and the people he has met in his travels through California.

In his November 8, 1851 letter, Edwards tells his sister that he is a good miner, "tough as a grisly [sic]." He laments that heavy rains have destroyed one of his claims and he must now build a log cabin near his other claims if he has any hope of making a living as a miner. In his January 27, 1852 letter to sister Fanny, he boasts of his domestic talents: "I'll bet a pair of gloves with you or almost any of my fair friends that I can beat them making bread, and as for slap-jacks... you would have no chance at all."

Edwards' January 28, 1852 letter contains tales about his Uncle Tom's pet birds and his workhorse, which "goes around all through Log City sticking his nose in at every open door and asking as plain as [a] horse can ask for a crust of bread or a piece of meat or some potatoe [sic] pairings. You may wonder at the meat, but Charlie likes beef steak as well as you do. Uncle Tom declares that he will eat everything that a Christian will except onions. I think the better of him for the exception."

The archive also contains a letter to Annie discussing various mining techniques, which is accompanied by an 8.5" x 10.75" print showing four mining scene vignettes (additional copy of print also included). In addition, the archive includes seven typed manuscripts, none more than two pages, containing interesting and humorous tales from his travels. These manuscripts were produced toward the end of his life and are presumed unpublished; titles include: Working for a Gentleman, The Missourians, How I was Hung to Save My Life, Taking in Washing, The Shipwreck, The Vigilance Committee, and Plum Duff.

Following his unsuccessful stint as a California gold miner, Edwards married his first wife, then traveled to the Philippines, where he raised a family. He spent two decades as a partner in the commercial house of Pezze, Hubbell, and Co., improving his fortunes dramatically. He eventually returned to the United States, remarried, and settled in North Carolina, where he died in 1899. Items in the collection range from very good to fine.

Yukon Gold Archive Composed of Three Ledgers of the Northern Pacific Express Company for the Years 1898 to 1905. Three tall clothbound ledgers, 10" x 14.25", each containing more than 450 pages of yellow carbon paper containing copies of letters, abstract waybills, shipping logs, supplies lists and settlement statements recording all transactions for the Skagway, Alaska office. The narrative of the letters written by the clerks provides a full picture of commerce and daily life in the town.

Upon the discovery of gold in the late 1890s, people from all over world arrived at Skagway, Alaska to begin their journey to the camp mines along the Klondike River. Located in a port city with a deep harbor, the Skagway office of the Northern Pacific Express Company (later known as the Alaska Pacific Company) became a hub of commerce. Of course the allure of quick fortune attracted a criminal element, and the clerks' letters tell of these stories as well.

In a letter dated July 17, 1898 contained in the first of the three ledgers, agent N.C. Battin reports: "I found business at a standstill and the law being administered by the citizens... at the close of business last night we had persuaded 17 people to leave the town... making 27 in all of undesirable citizens that we are rid of not counting the notorious Soapy Smith who fell early in the fight shot through the heart..." Battin's notes include many important pioneer figures from the period, and often comments on the challenges of the job. The following year Battin resigns citing that he provided "a good service for measly earnings".

In a letter dated October 12, 1898 addressed to Wells Fargo Bank, agent H.P. Blankenship writes: "Gentlemen, you will take this [gold dust] to the U.S. mint and send returns by the Alaska Pacific Express Co.... This dust is from Discovery Claim on Wright Creek." Another letter cites that credit has been established for the Alaska Brewing Company in Dyea.

Letters also discuss insurance for the shipment of gold dust, as well as the state of different industries in the region. In a letter dated October 11, 1903, an agent writes: "... you will notice about 50% falling off on the different commodities excepting milk... The fish business was killed for Dawson by the Canadian Customs cording & sealing at Summit..."

An accounting dated October 31, 1903 lists the "Receipts for Gold passing this point 1903 Received by Stage from Dawson prior to June 1st 341,264.66 / June 1st to Oct 31 - 9640,102.53 / From Atlin Dist. - 395,864.00 / Total for Season $10,377,231.19..." The same page lists the names of the steamship companies responsible for transporting the aforementioned gold.

The clothbound ledgers have soiling commensurate with age and use to the exterior, but all interior pages are clean, and remarkably legible. The ledgers represent a substantial primary source for the history of the Yukon Gold Rush as well as a relic from the period.

Frederick A. Weld Whaling Group Including a Ship's Log, Ledger, and an 1839 Chart of New Zealand. Captain Fred Weld was born and raised in Guilford, Connecticut in 1820. He spent most of his life on the sea, signing on as a cabin boy and eventually working his way up to captain. The items featured here were once included as part of an exhibit at the town of Guilford's historical society, along with an essay (included here) detailing Weld's life and travels.

Most notably included is Weld's whaling log for the ship "Italy of Greenport Long Island," which begins on August 6, 1849 and ends on April 23, 1851. The book measures 8" x 13.5"; Weld has sewn in an additional 54 pages at the end to make a total of 98 pages of tightly scripted entries logging distances, conditions, and whale sightings. The notebook also includes two small hand drawn maps of St. Paul's Islands with whale tails added to illustrate the locations of whale sightings. The maps have been pasted in on the first and third page.

Although the log's entries are not illustrated with whale stamps, Weld makes careful notes of all whales sighted and "taken". In an entry dated December 30, 1849, Captain Weld writes: "... fine weather at 4 AM saw whales supposed to be sperm whales lag by [illeg.] daylight at 6 AM raised them and in lowering ... my Boat the hoisting strop broke which caused the boat to go down wrd wise saved the boat and cross the other boats soon returned on board at 9 AM saw the same whales as we supposed struck and killed. Ends fine weather ..." Weld's entries include good detail in all regards. Uneven toning throughout, and heavy damage to spine. All pages remain legible.

Accompanying the log is a chart titled, "To the Right Honble Thos Spring Rice... This Chart of New Zealand from Original Surveys..." 24" x 34.5", engraved by James Wyld, London, 1839. With inset maps of entrance of the Hokianga River, Southern Port of Stewart's Island, plan of Dusky Bay, and plan of the entrance to Port Manoukao. Hand colored outline in faint red. Map has heavy soiling and creasing, with a few areas of paper loss. With stitched bunting at all margins, likely used by Weld.

This archive also includes a second ledger dating from the late 19th Century, unrelated but likely belonging to another Weld family member. A brief period handwritten biography lists Weld's career, including his first voyage: "1835 June 29, sailed on his 1st voyage in Ship American of Sag Harbor, Wm S.. Jones Capt. Went as Cabin Boy, 15 yrs of age." A unique and complete group, identified to a known whaling captain.

Additional entries made by Captain Weld:

Saturday, January 5th 1850
Commences gentle breezes from the S.E. and pleasant watches employed in hooping off provisions. Middle and Latter port gentle breezes from the S.E. and pleasant watches Employed in coopering oil and provisions. Course N.W. spoke ship Charles Frederick of New Bedford Barnes master 39 mos. out. 1800 bbls [barrels] pf sperm oil and 100 of Black. Sent a letter home to the Idol of my heart (my wife).
Lat Obst 25 " 05 Long 85 " 00

Saturday June 1st 1850
First Port light airs from the N.N.E. steerng along the coast to the S at 8 P.M. calm and light as from various ways the land dist 3 mils and the Ice dist. 1 1/2 mile no passage thro the ice to East and find as we [ap]proach South any forth tack ship and towed out opposite a deep bag and here we are in a clear spot say some 8 miles - the land is miles dist and the ice close on board to the East 8 ships in to the South completely blocked with the Ice and B to the South bound South the Henry Rueld in Company with us during the night light airs from the N.E. mak short tacks below the Ice and shore working North Salter port...

Saturday April 13th 1850
Commenced gentle breezes from the SW and pleasant thro the night light breezes from various ways and showing latter part brisk breezes from the N.N.E. and clear and pleasant course. N.W. watches employed in breaking the lower hold for water saw a few humpback whales.

Monday April 22 /50
Commenced gentle breezes from the S.W. and pleasant steering NNW thro the night fresh breezes from the West to N.W. and pleasant -- :atter port fresh breezes fromt he NW and squalls of snow steering by the wind North saw 3 Right whales and chased...

Tuesday July 2 1850
Begins with fresh breezes fron the Eastward and rainy heading to the North under short sail employed in stowing down oil. Latter port light airs from the Eastward and rainy saw one whale going fast south Ship heading north.
Lat obs 63 " 50 Longitude 178 " 30 West


Thursday July 4 1850
First port calm and foggy. Middle port light airs from the S.E. steering E.N.E. Latter port light airs from South at 8 A.M. clears up saw many whales struck two Irons drawd Ends no whales this day for us.

Lat obs 64 " 24 Long 177 " 30 West

Barnum & Bailey: Three Letters, all dated 1891 and near 9" x 11.5" from New York. Two of the letters are on "P. T. Barnum's Greatest Show on Earth, Nero, or The Destruction of Rome" letterhead; the other is on "The Barnum and Bailey Greatest Show on Earth" letterhead. Both include images of both Barnum and Bailey, along with other information.

(1) Typed Letter Signed "Barnum & Bailey/ by/ W. H. Gardner", February 17, 1891, to Mr. Howland of the New York Herald office asking "permission to place an advertising sign on the Front and Broadway sides of the Armory. That portion of the building occupied by us, to advertise our opening at Madison Square Garden." Fine.
(2) Autograph Letter Signed "Barnum & Bailey", by W. H. Gardner, February 20, 1891, to John Townshend asking for "the use of the Store under the armory next to our entrance (1342 B'way)." With separations starting at the folds. Very good.
(3) Autograph Letter Signed "W. H. Gardner", April 2, 1891, to John Townshend offering to send him tickets. This letter was written five days before the death of P. T. Barnum. Fine.

William Henry Gardner was an advertising agent for the Barnum and Bailey circus. All letters are toned.

Carrier's Address Broadside: "The Carrier Boy's Address to the Patrons & Friends of 'The Sterling Weekly Republican.'" One page, 12" x 16", January 1, 1858, [Sterling, Kansas]. Carrier's addresses were poems given by newspapers to their subscribers on New Year's Day which typically recounted the major news events of the previous year. Many addresses were part of the body of the newspaper, but some, like this example, were published separately as a broadside, making them rare and desirable. After the rise of larger newspapers in the 1870s, the tradition began to die. This broadside, from the two-year-old Sterling Weekly Republican, covers many important topics from 1857, such as slavery:

"In Freedom's van it [the Sterling Weekly Republican] took its stand,
For Liberty o'er all our land;
In Freedom's ranks it still remains,
And will, whilst Slavery clanks its chains,
And threatens to pollute our territorial plains!";

President James Buchanan:

"Old Buck, our Nation's President,
Tho' of the North a resident.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sneers at Freedom's dire disasters
And licks the feet of his Southern masters.
His doom by history will be written-
'Died from being slavery smitten'".

Also covered are the Democratic and new Republican Parties. The text is printed in blue ink, but the centered 1858 calendar is in red ink. Fine condition.

Second Continental Congress: A Resolution Concerning Supplies, with Notes on Battle Losses and Commanding Officers at the Battle of Boston. Four integral pages with text on page one and page four, 7.5" x 9.25", n.d. [ca. March 1776], n.p. [likely Philadelphia], regarding the Continental Congress' management of the Continental Army following the Boston Campaign of 1775 and 1776. At the top of page one is a resolution by the Second Continental Congress for basic supplies for the army. In part as written: "Resolved by this Assembly that there be provided Marque or Officers tents. Tents for private soldiers. Iron pots that will contain from eight to twelve gallons. Wooden Bowls. Frying Pans Quart [?]. Drums Fifes medicine Chests & Apparatus with proper Instruments Books & Paper . . . as was provided for the Troops ordered to be raised by this Assembly in April last [1775]."

At the top of the page four are two lists. One list contains a count of British casualties during the Boston Campaign:

Battle of Boston
709 privates killed
102 Sergts. D.
94 Com Officers
905
600 wounded
1505

The other list records the top fifteen commanders in the Continental Army: George Washington, Artemas Ward, Charles Lee, Phillip Schuyler, Israel Putnam, Seth Pomeroy, Richard Montgomery, David Wooster, William Heath, Joseph Spencer, John Thomas, John Sullivan, Nathaniel Green, and Horatio Gates.

The Boston Campaign lasted from April 1775 through March 1776 and began with the Battles of Lexington and Concord. George Washington was assigned commander in chief and tasked with ridding Boston of the British Army. After American losses of near 600 and British losses near 1,500, the British withdrew in mid-March 1776, a great victory for Washington and his ragtag army over the well-disciplined British.

The Second Continental Congress, which presided from Philadelphia, was the only uniting government of the American colonies from 1775 though 1781. The Congress had the authority to appoint diplomats, make treaties, and guide the American war effort. It eventually proclaimed independence from England in July 1776. This fascinating piece of early Revolutionary War military history is age-toned with three horizontal folds, with minor separations and chipping thereat. Small tear through text affecting several words but without loss of paper. The last horizontal fold allows for display of text on the last page. Minor mounting remnants exist. All text is boldly and clearly written; near very good.

[Benjamin Franklin] The Pennsylvania Gazette, September 6, 1764, Number 1863. 6pp. 10" x 15.5". Philadelphia: Printed by B. Franklin and D. Hall. "The Universal Instructor in All Arts and Sciences and Pennsylvania Gazette" was the original name of a newspaper which Samuel Keimer started in Philadelphia in 1723. Following Samuel Keimer's bankruptcy in 1729, Benjamin Franklin took over the newspaper, renamed it The Pennsylvania Gazette, and made it one of the most prominent and important newspapers in all the American colonies. Franklin not only printed the paper but also often contributed pieces under aliases. The Gazette printed local news, extracts from the London newspaper The Spectator, jokes, verses, humorous attacks on a rival paper, The Mercury, moral essays by Franklin, elaborate hoaxes, and political satire. Often Franklin wrote and printed letters to himself, either to emphasize some truth or to ridicule some mythical but typical reader.

This issue of the Gazette contains numerous advertisements for such things as land sales, lost and found livestock, houses for rent, employment offers/help wanted, runaway servants, prisoner escapes, the sale of Negro slaves, political notices, reports of thefts and of difficulties with local Indians, death notices, and much more. In addition, the paper contains news briefs from around the world, letters to the editor, and an interesting ad promoting a "House of Entertainment...very convenient for Seafaring Gentlemen as well as other Travelling Gentlemen... providing Things agreeable and convenient..." Paper is in remarkable condition, with minor age toning and slight wear. Disbound from a larger tome. Fine condition.

John Hancock Document Signed Twice as governor of Massachusetts. One page partly printed, 9.25" x 14.75", April 10, 1789, Boston. This document directs the citizens "in the District of Hampshire and Berkshire" to vote for their first U.S. representative. In part (boldfaced words are handwritten, all others are printed): "To the Selectmen of the Town of [blank] in the District of Hampshire and Berkshire Greeting. These are in the name of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, to will and require you, forthwith, in manner as the law directs for calling Town-Meetings, to cause the freeholders and other inhabitants of the town of [blank] duly qualified to vote for Representatives to the General Court of this Commonwealth, to assemble on Monday, the eleventh of May next, to give in their votes for a Representative, who shall be an inhabitant of the district of Hampshire and Berkshire to represent the said district in the Congress of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA, to the Selectmen who shall preside at said Meeting . . . you shall in open Town-Meeting, sort and count the votes, and form a list of the persons voted for, with the number of votes for each person against his name, and shall make a publick declaration thereof, in the said Meeting." Countersignature by Secretary John Avery Jr.

The document continues by reporting that two men have received the most votes, though neither is named in the document as the first congressman from the district: "These certify, that the returns from the several towns within the district of Hampshire and Berkshire, respecting the choice of a Representative, to represent the people thereof, in the Congress of the United States, have been examined agreeably to the resolution of the General court, passed the twentieth of November 1788, by which it appears, that The Honorable Theodore Sedgwick Esq. & Samuel Lyman Esq. have had the greatest number of votes in the returns from the said district, in which no person has been chosen." This is followed by John Hancock's well-known, large, elaborate, and bold signature and another Secretary Avery countersignature. The second Hancock signature is below the paper seal in the far left margin, equally elaborate and bold.

Under the Articles of Confederation (1781-1789), Massachusetts' General Court (the state legislature) chose the state's one delegate to the Congress of the Confederation. Under the U.S. Constitution, which replaced the Articles on March 4, 1789, congressmen were to be chosen "every second Year by the People" according to the population of the state (U.S. Constitution, art. 1, sec. 2, cl. 1 and 3). Before the first congressional election under the new U.S. Constitution, Massachusetts had divided into eight congressional districts. Four of those districts quickly chose their representatives, but the other four--including the fourth district of Hampshire and Berkshire--were chosen later. This was not a matter of great concern, for even though the U.S. Constitution was ratified in late 1788 and the Constitution took effect on March 4, 1789, the U.S. House of Representatives did not become viable until a quorum of elected members met for the first time on April 1, 1789--only nine days before this document was produced. Theodore Sedgwick (1746-1813), a lawyer and statesman, eventually won the election and served as the U.S. representative from Massachusetts' fourth district until 1793. Samuel Lyman (1749-1802), also a lawyer and statesman, was later elected in 1795. He served for five years.

John Hancock, prominent American patriot perhaps best known for his conspicuous signature on the Declaration of Independence, served two terms as governor of Massachusetts: from 1780-1785 as the state's first governor and from 1787-1793 as its third. This document, which contains a large blind embossed stamped paper seal affixed with wax at upper left, is hinged to a mat (21" x 18"). Archival tape on verso reinforces some fold creases, which appear weak. Well preserved and in fine condition. Together with an engraving (also hinged to the mat) of Hancock published by Johnson, Fry, & Co. of New York.

[John Hancock] Bill of Lading signed by William Palfrey. One page, 7.5" x 3", May 1765, Boston, issued by "The Honble. Thomas Hubbard Esq. To Ship Boston Packet." The receipt is for "Sundrys from London", valued at "19.4", with "Wharfage" valued at ".4". Below the total, "19.8" is written, "Receiv'd the above for John Hancock Esq./ Wm. Palfrey." Palfrey, Hancock's chief clerk, later served as General Washington's aide-de-camp. Fine.

[Robert Morris] John Nicholson Signed Pennsylvania Population Company Stock Certificate Issued to Robert Morris. One partly-printed page, 13.25" x 8.5", February 6, 1793, "No. 854." Reading in part, "It is Hereby Certified by the President and Managers of the Pennsylvania Population Company, That Robert Morris is entitled to one Share of Stock." Robert Morris, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and an early manager of the U.S. economy, made investments in many land schemes which proved so unsuccessful that he served briefly in a debtor's prison five years after purchasing this certificate. This certificate is signed by the company's president, John Nicholson, and treasurer, Tench Francis. Printed by Francis Bailey, with the company's embossed seal. Toned with light stains. Very good condition.

John Rutledge Manuscript Court Summons Signed Twice as attorney for the petitioner. Single sheet docketed on verso, 13" x 8.5", Charlestown, August 11, 1761. Document summons William Brown "to answer to Henry Livingston of a plea of trespass on the case & so forth for several promises of assumptions made by the said William to the said Henry..." Fragile paper, with complete separations at folds and paper loss at corners affecting a few words. Signed "Rutledge atty for Pettr." at bottom, with a second signature on the verso.

After completing his law studies in London, Rutledge returned to Charlestown to launch a successful legal career. This document is an early exemplar executed in the first years of his practice. Rutledge, a signer of the Constitution, represented S.C. in the Continental Congress from 1774-1775 and 1782-1783. After the Revolution, he was appointed an Associate Justice of the first Supreme Court (1789-1791). He was later nominated in 1795 to be Chief Justice and presided at the August term, but the Senate, on December 15, 1795, did not confirm him, primarily due to his outspoken opposition to Jay's Treaty of 1794.

Gold Selleck Silliman Autograph Letter Signed "G. Selleck Silliman'". Eight pages, 7.25" x 9.25", July 15, 1783, Fairfield [Connecticut], to Brigadier General David Forman of Monmouth County, New Jersey. Silliman, a Connecticut hero of the Revolutionary War, practiced law as an occupation. In this letter written near the close of the war, he writes as a lawyer concerning a complicated case involving Darius Fulsom and "illicit trade with the enemy." Responding to "every part" of a letter previously received from Forman, Silliman informs the brigadier general that he has been taking depositions ("I have sent you copies of the depositions that I have taken, that you may judge how far they will answer your purpose") and checking on the character of witnesses ("Cap Hait is a Tory, but he as well as Mr. Van Dyck are Men of the Strictest Honor, Probity, and Truth You may depend on it. There Characters can be supported by the Testimony of Doc Johnson and some of the first Characters in the State").

Seven years earlier in 1776, Silliman was promoted to brigadier general and became a hero in 1777 after a British invasion of Connecticut. There, Brigadier General Silliman, along with Major General David Wooster and Brigadier General Benedict Arnold, engaged the invading force at the Battle of Ridgefield. Though technically a British victory, the influx of American forces deterred the British from ever again attempting a landing by ship to attack any inland colonial strongholds. On toned paper with some foxing. Some separation at the folds with a small amount of tape repair. Small loss of text at separations. Good condition.

Gilbert Tippett (Tory) Archive, consisting of five documents and two letters dating between 1759 and 1779, many concerning Tippett's loss of property incurred and abuses received as a loyalist to the British Crown during the Revolutionary War. Gilbert Tippett (ca. 1739-1828) lived at "Spiken Devil Creek" (modern Spuyten Duyvil, north of Manhattan) with his wife and four young sons. As General Washington's American forces fled New York in the wake of the British invasion, Tippett was arrested by the Americans for sedition and imprisoned in the main guardhouse at Kingsbridge in early September 1776. After Kingsbridge had changed into British hands, he, in one of the five documents dated April 27, 1777, brought his grievances against "the Rebels" to the British "Commander in Chief", likely British Governor William Tryon. In part: "Gilbert Tippet . . . begs leave to represent that he suffered great Persecution from the Rebels for his Loyalty & attachment to his Majesty & his government: That after the Kings Troops came to Westchester County, he had the misfortune of being robed & despoiled by them of every thing he had except a few Clothes belonging to himself, his wife, & children. That not a four footed animal of any kind had been left him, not a panel of fence, not a strip of wood to make any." Tippett then asks for remuneration: "he humbly hopes a Day may come, and that it may not be far distant when his great suffering may be considered, and that some adequate compensation may be made for him." Next, he requests permission from the commander in chief to "occupy the Farm adjoining to his own belonging to one Bennian [?] who deserted it on the approach of the Kings Troops." Below Tippett's request, British "Aid DeCamp C. Cuylor" has responded from "Head Quarters N. York" (dated April 27, 1777), "The Commander in Chief has given permission to Gilbert Tippet to cultivate the Lands belonging to Bennian[?] who is at present in Rebellion." (This letter bears some stains.)

In another document dated later that year, Tippett, now directly serving the British cause against the rebel Americans, is directed "by Major General Tryon to take charge of the Scow that communicates with Spiken Devil, and to ferry over the Troops when wanted, but you are not to pass over any person that does not belong to the Army upon any consideration whatsoever [one page, "Kings Bridge, 23d November 1777"]." (Minor soiling exists on this letter with some fold separations.) Two months later, Tippett, referred to as "Ferryman/ at Spiken Devil", received very specific orders from "Andrew Durnford/ A:D. L: M. Gen." about precisely who to ferry across the river: "I have directions from Major General Jones to acquaint you, that no Person either Officer or Soldier is to be passed over by you to Spiken Devil in the night, between the Evening and Morning gun, except Detachments. You are strictly to observe these Orders and if any person whether Officer or Soldier treats you ill upon this account, you are to make your complaint to me ["Red house 20th January 1778"]." This letter bears minor stains.

The next year, Tippett petitioned the British governor of New York, "His Excellency Major General [William] Tryon," for remuneration for supplying the British military with his horse: "That your Petitioner lately accommodated Mr. Bustard the Master of His Majesty's Crane Galley under the Command of Capt. Pars[?] with a Horse, which Mr. Bustard has left at the Bull's Head in the Bowry Lane since Tuesday Last. Your Petitioner looks upon this Treatment to be a great Grievance, not only as being deprived of his Service at this Season when so essentially necessary. But the heavy Expenses hereby incurred. Your petition [asks for] . . . such relief in the premisises [sic] as to Your Excellency may seem meet." Dated May 16, 1779, the document is headed with "The Petition of Gilbert Tippets on Spiting [sic] Devil" and has some dampstaining with some separation at folds to this document; taped at two corners.

In addition to documents concerning Tippett's Royalist activities are three other documents, including two slave documents for Gilbert Tippett, both one page and dated January 11, 1764, and concerning "a certain Negroe Wench called Violet." One is bill of sale for "the sum of Fifty Pounds New York Currency . . . [for] one certain Negroe Wench about fourteen years of age called and named Violet." Also included is the will of Elizabeth Sands of Westchester County, New York (two and one-half pages, June 4, 1759). These documents contain some dampstaining and some fold separations.

Tippett and his family were among a large group of loyalists who sailed from New York to Nova Scotia in 1783. (To add to his troubles, most of his furniture was thrown overboard to lighten the ship during a storm.) Unhappy in Canada, the hapless Tippett returned to New York by 1790, settling in Saratoga County for the remainder of his life, eventually overcoming the financial setbacks of the war.

Colonial Boston Letter Ledger of William Blair Townsend, Merchant. Containing hand-copied letters dated between November 1743 and December 1774. Townsend's letters offer an important viewpoint from a Boston merchant on the economic causes of the American revolution, as well as the relationships between American and English merchants throughout the French and Indian War and the beginnings of the Revolutionary War.

William Blair Townsend (1732-1778) graduated from Harvard in 1741 and became a prominent Boston merchant. This ledger is over 260 pages, (8.5" x 12.5") and is inscribed on the front free endpaper, "William Blair Townsend/ Domine/ 1744." Most of the letters transcribed here were written to American and British (London) merchants. Townsend's earliest were written as he tried to establish himself as a colonial merchant ("I am just now a coming into business [November 22, 1743, the ledger's first letter]"). These early letters reveal Townsend as an ambitious merchant, seeking consignments, bargaining for better prices, and promoting his business ("they shall never find me slack as to remittance," February 1745). Townsend, a participant in the North Atlantic trading system, dealt in such diverse goods as molasses, rum, tar, medicines, pitch, saddles, tallow, "hides & skins", pickled beef and pork, wine, and occasionally, slaves. For family friend Doctor Walley Chauncy, Townsend, on November 6, 1744, offered to "look out for a Negro for you & if I should light on one, shall take care according to your order that he is sound & healthy. There is none to be had at present." Twenty days later, he was successful: "I have likewise bought you a Negro Boy Hadley for £150. . . Believe he will suit you very well, he is an active good natured fellow about 23 years age, he is a Rogue & his master not choosing to correct him as was proper has been a damage to him, However his master would not have sold him to have gone to Carolina, only as I told him he was a going to you, & so he might depend upon his being treated as he deserved." Two months later, Townsend was concerned "whether the Negro I sent you suits you, for I am sure he is a capable fellow, you could not buy a fellow of his age now for Two hundred pounds." Later in April 1745, Townsend received a shipment containing rum, molasses, "& a Negro man named Paris . . . you can't but like him, to be sure he is as likely a fellow as any in Boston. He is two & twenty years of age, & is sold for no other reason, but because he is imprudent & his master being in years can't manage him. He is guilty of no vice & he is also very cheap, about a month ago I bought a new Negro Boy for myself & gave one hundred & fifty pounds for him, who is a child to this."

Many obstacles confronted the Bostonian merchant: the receipt of damaged goods ("the goods you sent me I find them considerably damaged, especially the cutlaryware," March 8, 1745); overpriced goods ("Cloth is not so good as I should have desired, for I wrote for the best, & the Scarlet is not equal to the price"); embargos due to English and French conflicts in the mid 1740s; and high freight costs associated with shipments across the Atlantic ("Freight has risen considerably since the war [War of the Austrian Succession; letter dated July 16, 1744]"). In response to the uncertainties of operating a colonial business, Townsend purchased his own trading vessel in April 1745, a sloop named "Caroline whereof Capt. Bacon is now master"; he includes a detailed description of the sloop in the ledger.

Business became much more difficult to conduct after 1767 when the English Parliament passed the Townshend Acts. Named for the British Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend, the acts reaped colonial resistance along with the intended tax revenue. After initial resistance in Boston, the city was occupied by British troops in 1768, which led to the Boston Massacre in March 1770 and the Boston Tea Party in December 1773. Through his letters, Townsend illustrates how Boston merchants suffered from the British taxes. On August 10, 1769, he writes to another merchant, "You cannot be insensible that the difficulties we are under respecting Trade, is a great hindrance in collecting our Debts as well as vending what we have by us, we are hoping for a speedy Revolution, when our Trade will be put on a better Footing & carried on to greater advantage than it has been for some time past, at present can do but little by reason of the Stagnation of Trade among us." Later in December, Townsend apologizes that he "could not remit . . . a larger Sum", explaining that "you must be sensible it is in a stagnated state, & must continue so 'till the Revenue Acts are repealed."

That same month, Townsend took his complaints to London merchants Lane, Son, & Fraser: "you must be content to share with us in the Difficulty's of the present Day, hoping for more agreeable Times when Trade will revive on a better Foundation. . . . Have likewise inclos'd you Invoice for Sundry Merchandize to be shipt on first vesell after the Receipt of this: (provided the Acts, laying Duty's on Teas, glass &c termed Revenue Acts are Repealed . . .) for tho I have not signed the Agreement come into here respecting Importation & suffer equally with others in being unsorted with goods, yet I have a great Regard for the Interest of my Country & would do nothing that has the least Tendency to hurt it on any Account whatever; & have as strictly adher'd to said agreement as any that have signed it." In May 1770, he writes to the same London merchants hoping that "the other duty on Tea will be speedily removed, that Trade may be opened & carried on to greater advantage than for some years past, to our mutual advantage."

Townsend's struggles continued in 1774 as he again apologized to another London firm, Harrison's & Ansley, for not making a larger remittance, "Am sorry it's not my power to make a larger remittance with this conveyance [sic] as I fully intended . . . the operation of those truly cruel Acts of Parliament, has entirely disappointed me, & it is with difficulty I have been able to raise what I have remitted you at present; as I can neither call in the money I have out, nor vend the goods I have on Hand which are a large Quantity. And as the Parliament has thus stopt all our Trade & put it out of our power to pay our Debts, as usual, you cannot reasonably expect we should allow any interest while this difficulty remains; but rather with the other merchants trading to this Port join your exertions for a speedy removal of these intolerable grievances we are laboring under; which if not remov'd, must eventually prove as detrimental to the Nation, as to her Colonies."

The ledger also contains letters to such notables as Thomas Ringgold, Captain David Wooster, and various important American and English merchants. One letter dated December 16, 1773 (the same date as the Boston Tea Party) was written to London merchants Harrison's & Ansley and carried by "Capt. Scott, J. Hancock owner." Captain James Scott was a ship-master employed by Boston merchant and statesman John Hancock. The captain married Hancock's widow, Dorothy, in 1796, six years after Hancock's death.

Several pages at the end of the book are blank. Tall suede boards with front hinge starting; gilt lettering on spine, "W. B. T./ Letter/ Book." Very good condition, tight and sturdy, with a rich tan cover containing blind stamped designs, likely originally in black, which has now faded. This important ledger merits much further research.

Colonial Boston Shipping Receipts Ledger of William Blair Townsend, Merchant, dated 1744-1804, Boston, 7.75" x 4.75", containing over 150 pages of receipts for goods and services bought and sold, such as tobacco, slaves (September 22, 1748 entry: "Received of Wm. Blair Townsend Four hundred Pounds Cold Tend. in full for a Negro Man, named in Paul"), livestock, rent "Postage letters", and many receipts for the services of a wet nurse ["Received of William Blair Townsend, Two Pounds Two Shill. & Eight Pence Lawful Money, being in full for nursing his Son Thomas Hubbard to 31 last August. Hannah Hammond (her mark)."] There is at least one entry concerning "the Honble. John Hancock, Esq." signed by "William Bank/ Attorney to W. Hancock", dated May 3, 1777. Only about sixty percent of the ledger contains single-sided entries. William Blair Townsend (1732-1778) graduated from Harvard in 1741 and became a well-known Boston merchant. The signed receipts, housed in a suede and blind stamped binding, are a veritable "Who's Who" of Boston commerce before and during the American Revolution. Interesting reading. Fine.

Battle of Ridgefield: Jonathan Trumbull Letter Signed as Governor of Connecticut. One page, 8" x 13", Lebanon CT, April 26, 1777. American patriot and politician Jonathan Trumbull Sr. was the first Connecticut governor to serve in a true executive capacity. A close friend and advisor to George Washington, Trumbull gave his all to the American cause, going so far as to personally supply about 60% of the manpower, food, clothing, shoes, and munitions for the Continental Army. Trumbull's store in Lebanon, once the headquarters for his mercantile business, became a meeting place for the Connecticut Council of Safety that assisted him (1775-1783), and was referred to as "the War Office." During the Revolution, Governor Trumbull and the Council of Safety held more than eleven hundred meetings there.

In this letter, Trumbull discusses militia preparations and readiness for the Battle of Ridgefield with Brigadier General James Wadsworth, who would soon become the Major General of Militia, the second-highest ranking officer in the state. The Governor writes, in full: "Sir, I have received your Letter of this morning with the enclosed Letters from Generals Wooster & Silliman and approve the Orders you have issued to your Brigade to hold themselves in readiness to march on the Shortest notice, would have the same Orders issued to the Alarm Companies, if not already done. As the Information I have received of the Numbers of the Enemy is imperfect & their Designs unknown can give no particular Orders for your Government. Have wrote General Wooster, who is on the spot & directed him to call to his aid such part of the Militia & Alarm Lists as he shall find necessary."

The day after this letter was written, the battle was on. Continental Army Major General David Wooster, Brigadier General Gold S. Silliman, and Brigadier General Benedict Arnold commanded a combined force of roughly 700 Continental Army regular and irregular local militia forces. Near the Connecticut town of Ridgefield, they engaged a British invasion force of 2000 commanded by Major General William Tryon. When the battle was over, American forces reportedly killed or wounded 200 British soldiers and captured 40 more; American losses included 20 killed and 80 wounded. Although Tryon's raid on Danbury and actions in Ridgefield were British successes, the influx of American forces in the area would deter the British from ever again attempted a landing by ship to attack any inland colonial strongholds. Letter is lightly age toned. Red wax seal and resulting seal tear; small paper loss at extreme lower left corner. Trumbull's letter has been matted and framed to an overall size of 14" x 19.5", and is in fine condition. A wonderful Revolutionary War letter about a decisive battle!

Marinus Willett Two Documents Signed. (1) One page signed "M. Willett Lieut Col. [?]", 9" x 7.5", [ca. June 1779], n.p., headed with "A Return of Vacancies in the Third New York Regiment with the Names of the officers entitled to fill them". This document then lists thirteen officers by name who were promoted, resigned, or dismissed. The document concludes, "These Gent. have ever since done Duty been Mustered and Received pay agreeable to those appointments, but in order to Enable them to Receive their Commissions, it is necessary that their promotions be Ratified by the State, and Warrants Certifying the same agreeable to the Resolution of Congress of the 8th March 1779." The resolution of the Second Continental Congress referred to here stated that "all appointments of officers in the continental service by the respective states, be, in the first instance, by warrant, certified in such manner as they shall severally direct, to the Board of War." (Worthington C. Ford ed., Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789). Toned with folds; a few later notations and mounting remnants on verso. Fine.

(2) One page partly printed, 6.25" x 4.5", August 31, 1803, New York, signed "Marinus Willett" as president of the Newtown and Bushwick Company. This document is a receipt reflecting that "Peter [?] has paid twenty-five dollars being the first installment on five Shares in the Newtown and Bushwick Bridge Company." With docketing on verso; very good.

Marinus Willett (1740-1830) joined the Continental Army in 1775 and was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the 3rd New York Regiment in 1776. After the Revolutionary War, he served New York City in various capacities, including mayor.

[Revolutionary War]. Siege of Boston 1775 Manuscript Document Signed by Thirty-four Soldiers of Captain Luke Drury's Company. One page, 8.25" x 13.25", Dorchester [Massachusetts], November 3, 1775. The body of the document is in the hand of Sgt. Nathan Morse: "We the subscriber Non Commissioned officers & soldiers Belonging to the Company Commanded by Capt Luke Drury & in Colonel Jonathan Wards Regiment of Foot have Each of us Recd our Coat of Uniform in full." The signatures follow in two columns. The names, as they appear on the document, are shown below in italics:
[Sgt.] Nathan Morse 4
[Sgt.] Ebenezer Phillips 2
[Sgt.] Jonah Goulding 2
[Cpl.] William Walker 2
[Cpl.] Joseph Leland 2
Jonah Stow [of Alstead, NH; enlisted April 26, 1775] 1
[Drummer] Elijah Rice 2
[Fifer] Samuel Adams [also of Walpole; enlisted May 2, 1775] 1
Thomas Leland Jr 1
Ebenezer Melendy 2
John Banks [also of Alstead, NH] 1
Simeon Dexter [of Cumberland] 1
Isaac Brigham 2
Ebenezer Wadsworth [signed by his mark "X"] [also of Alstead, NH; guardian of above William Evans] 1
George Smith 3
Gad Smith [of Guilford, ME] 1
Eliphalet Smith [born in Suffield, CT; of Sandisfield] 3
Thomas Willson 1
Nathan Wheeler 1
Thomas Pratt 2
Micajah Fay 4
[Fifer] Zadock Putnam 2
Joseph Plumley [also of Alstead, NH] 1
Solomon Stow 1
Joseph Anthony [enlisted April 29, 1775; African-American] 1
Thaddeus Kemp [of Billerica; enlisted April 29, 1775] 1
James Marting [mark] [of Walpole; enlisted April 26, 1775] 1
Thomas Leland [Sr.] [of Sutton] 5
William Evans 3
Esick Dexter [Esek Dexter] 3
Edmund Dolbear [of Boston] 1
Samll Starns [Samuel Stearns] 2
Zebulon Daniels 1
Forten Burnea [signed by his mark "X"] [Fortune Burnee or Fortinatus Burnea; African-American] 3

Of the thirty-four members of Drury's Company signing this document, at least eighteen were Grafton, Massachusetts-area Minutemen who had responded to the Lexington-Concord Alarm on April 19-21, 1775, including Fortune Burnee, of African American and Native American heritage, joined by his half-brother, Joseph Anthony, who enlisted on April 29th and died in service. Revolutionary War documents simply listing Minutemen and black troops are scarce and desirable. This document is an extremely rare and early relic actually signed by the soldiers. Untrimmed edges; one signature removed, with crude tears, probably during the war, else very good.

Captain Luke Drury of Grafton had commanded a company of Minutemen since 1773. When word of the Lexington Alarm arrived, Drury and his men began the thirty-six mile march to Cambridge. They arrived on the morning of April 20th to join a massive army of volunteers from across Massachusetts. Drury's company was soon incorporated into a Continental Army regiment under Col. Jonathan Ward, and stationed on the lines at Dorchester. On June 17, 1775, they fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill), with at least one man, Samuel Heard, being killed. Also serving under Drury that day was Aaron Heath, who later recalled: "I fired thirty-two rounds at the red-coats." Many of Drury's men reenlisted when their term of service expired on January 1, 1776. Less than a month after this document was signed, most likely some of these men also took part in the March 4, 1776 overnight seizure of Dorchester Heights - the celebrated action that forced the British to evacuate Boston.

[Revolutionary War]. Siege of Boston Manuscript Document Listing Forty-nine Soldiers in Captain Luke Drury's Company. One page, 13.5" x 13.75", partly printed form on Britannia watermarked paper, [likely Cambridge, Massachusetts], [circa May 1775]. There are thirteen ruled columns, four of which are accomplished in manuscript by Nathan Morse: "Men's Names", "Towns whence they came", "Rank", and "Time of Inlistment". The lower margin has been extended to accommodate the last four names. The names, as they appear on the document, are shown below in italics:
Luke Drury Cap1... April 19th 2
Asaph Sharmon lf L,1... April 19th [Asaph Sherman] 2
Jonas Brown 2d L,1... April 19th 2
Nathan Morse ... Serjeant /April 26th 4
Shelomith Stow ... Serjeant/April 19th 2
Ebenezer Phillips ... Serjeant/April 19th 2
Jonah Goulding ... Serjeant/April 19th 2
William Walker ... Corporal/April 19th 2
Joseph Leland ... Corporal/April 19th 2
Abner Brigham [of] Cry don [Croydon, NH] / Corporal /May 20th 1
William Moore ... Corporal/April 19th [killed August 17,1775, on expedition to Canada] 2
Elijah Rice ... Drum.r [Drummer] /April 19th 2
ZadockPutnam ... Fifer/April 19th 2
EdwardButtrick ... April 2[?] 3
Isaac Brigham 2
Forten Burnea [Fortin/Fortune/Fortunatus Burnee; African-American] 3
Peter Butler 2
Esick Dexter [Esek Dexter] 3
Zebulon Daniels 1
William Evens [William Evans] 3
Gad Smith [of] Gilford, in York [Guilford, ME] 1
Solomon Stow 1
Benjamin Grover 1
Aaron Heath [of] Tyringham [or Alstead, NH; enlisted April 26, 1775; taken prisoner 3 times] 1
Jonathan Hemenway [Jonathan Hemingway; of Framingham] 1
Thadeus Kemp [of] Bilreca [Thaddeus Kemp; of Billerica; enlisted April 29, 1775] 1
Ebenezer Leland [also of Croydon, NH] 2
Elezar Leland [Eleazer Leland; also of Croydon, NH; enlisted May 20, 1775] 1
Thomas Leland [Sr] [of Sutton] 5
Thomas Leland 2d 1
James Marting [of] Walpole, NH [enlisted April 26, 1775] 1
Ebenezer Melendy 2
Ebenezer Wadsworth [also of Alstead, NH; guardian of above William Evans] 1
Samuel Heards [Samuel Heard; killed June 17,1775 at Bunker Hill] 1
William Marting [of Chelmsford; enlisted May 1, 1775] 1
Thomas Pratt2
Joseph Plumly [Joseph Plumley; also of Alstead, NH] 1
Matthias Rice 2
Henry Redner [also of Sandisfield; enlisted May 7, 1775] 1
George Smith 3
Eliphalet Smith [born in Suffield, CT; of Sandisfield] 3
Samuel Starns [Samuel Stearns] 2
Moses Sherman 2
Jonah Stow [of] Alstead, NH [enlisted April 26, 1775] 1
John Banks [also of Alstead, NH] 1
Joseph Anthony [enlisted April 29, 1775; African-American] 1
Solomon Brooks 2
Elisha Aldrich [enlisted April 26, 1775] 3
Jaazaniah How [Jezaniah Howe; also of Alstead, NH; enlisted April 29, 1775] 1

Of the forty-nine men listed on this document, at least twenty-nine were Grafton, Massachusetts-area Minutemen who had very recently responded to the Lexington-Concord Alarm April 19-21,1775, including Fortune Burnee, of African American and Native American heritage, joined by his half-brother, Joseph Anthony, who enlisted on April 29th and died in service. Revolutionary War documents listing Minutemen and black troops are scarce and desirable, but in addition, this is one of the first printed forms of the American Army, and Samuel Heard who was killed at Bunker Hill the next month, and William Moore, also killed in service that summer, are also listed. An extremely rare touchstone to the earliest days of the Revolutionary War. A little soiling with a few stains, somewhat wrinkled, professionally mended 1½" tear into names column and 2" fold separation, overall very good.

[Revolutionary War] Gunpowder Manufacture and Distribution: Collection of Period Manuscripts and Newspapers. A rare and fascinating collection that includes several recipes for the all-important substance, the highlight of which is very rare manuscript instructions for powder and two published in period newspapers dated 1775 and 1776. Other documents detail the procurement from domestic producers, who were critical in the early days of the war to keeping the rebel armies supplied with black powder. Five items.
Manuscript Gunpowder Inspection Document Signed by the Select Men of Milford, Connecticut: "Gideon Buckingham", "Isaac Clark", and "Lewis Mallits, Jr." One page (with docketing and endorsement on verso), 8.25" x 10.25", Milford, January 13, 1777. Buckingham writes and the three men certify: "...that a Quantity of Salt Petre offered for Inspection by William Attwater of Milford the maker thereof amounting to six hundred & eighteen Pounds 1/4 is well and carefully Inspected & according to our best judgment and Skill, the same is found to be pure, clean and dry, free from any corrupt Mixture..." Attwater signed and endorsed the verso, dated February 14, 1777, noting the receipt of £149.17.6 for the sale. Light toning, minor foxing, original folds, fine condition.
Manuscript Gunpowder Recipe Document addressed to Davis Marsh of New Milford. One page (with address on verso), 7.625" x 11.625", Britannia watermarked paper, [no place], [no date], titled "To make Gunpowder". A detailed treatise on the method of manufacturing the important substance. Begins: "Refine salt peter in this way, put it in a clean Iron kittle with water enough to desolve [sic] it When it warm, after it is desovled [sic] let it get cool & it shoot into cristals [sic] take out those crystals & heat it... Prepare you Brimstone in this way-...". Two spots of toning, expert repairs on verso at fold splits, overall very good condition.
The Essex Journal and New-Hampshire Packet, December 15, 1775. Four pages, 10" x 15", Newbury-port [Massachusetts]. Nearly the entire front page is taken up with an article discussing the sources of nitre; it begins: "As the know'edge of making SALT-PETRE, engages the attention of numbers, who at this critical time are zealous for their country's good, induces us to hope that by inserting the following, which we have taken from a late London magazine; we shall, at least, gratify some, and in the meantime, disoblige none of our readers..." Very good condition with tiny holes at two original folds.
The Essex Journal and New-Hampshire Packet, January 19, 1776. Four pages, 10" x 15", Newbury-port [Massachusetts]. A front page article by Henry Wisner, the owner of three powder mills, gives detailed instructions for the production of powder, in part: "GUN-POWDER is composed of nothing more that the four plain simple articles, salt petre, brimstone, charcoal, and Water." Very good condition with two tiny holes.
Autograph Document Signed "Enoch Huse". One page (with docketing on verso), 6.25" x 2.5", a receipt for Nathaniel Gushing who purchased "1 Qr Cask Gunpowder" for the sum of £2.2. Nathaniel Gushing commanded a company in the regiment of Col. Joseph Vose whose regiment participated at the Battles of Monmouth, Newport, and Yorktown. Toned, one margin irregular, very good condition.

Together this fine collection provides a vivid testament to the early days of the American Revolution when the initiative and hard work of many individuals helped to continue the struggle despite tremendous odds.

1776 Massachusetts House of Representatives Broadside Setting Payment Rates For Hay For the Continental Army. 8.5" x 13.5". This broadside originally dated January 16, 1776 and hand-corrected to January 20, amends and corrects the payment of hay to be collected from the counties of Suffolk, Essex, Middlesex, Plymouth and Roxbury from five pounds per ton of English hay and forty shillings per ton of salt hay to six pounds per ton of English hay and fifty shillings per ton of salt hay. The broadside is tatty along the edges with the greatest area of loss along the top margin. There are mounting remnants along the lower edge, a few brown spots, and the usual old fold creases, else the broadside is in very good condition. In the bitter cold and snowy conditions of January, 1776, hay for the Continental Army would have been critical for conducting the war. Upon discovering that the amount previously offered was "short of what has been usually given by Inhabitants of this Colony, under a like Scarcity with the present", the Representatives amended the price in hopes of gathering the necessary amount. However the document warned "Some Towns may still remain deficient; to prevent the said Consequences of such Neglect, the Selectmen of any delinquent Town are hereby directed and impowered [sic] to impress therein, for the Use of the Continental Army, so much Hay as will make up the full Quantity assigned...". A most interesting Revolutionary War broadside.

[Revolutionary War] Minuteman Company 1775 Abstract of Pay Manuscript Document. One page (with docketing on verso), 6.75" x 8.25", Dorchester [Massachusetts], December 20, 1775, detailing the pay scale for soldiers of each rank, including the amount due to Captain Luke Drury's Company in Colonel Jonathan Ward's Regiment. It begins: "The Abstract of the one Months Pay from the first of September October 1775 of Capt Luke Drurys Company in the 32 Regt of foot in the Service of the United Colonies Commanded by Colo Jona Ward. Esqr." The list features Captain Drury's pay (£6 per month), as well as the pay for his "1 Leiut" (£4),"2d. Leiut" (£3), and all the way down to 31 "Privates" earning £2 each. Of particular interest is a N[ota] B[ene] at the bottom: "1 Corporol & 2 Privates on Command at Canada Not Mentioned in this pay Role". The force raised under Benedict Arnold to conquer Canada was an all volunteer expedition drawn from the general ranks of the army assembled in Cambridge in the summer of 1775. At this point, the men "not mentioned" here would have been outside of Quebec in the futile attempt to capture the city. Luke Drury (1746-1831), a soldier in the Revolutionary War and Shay's Rebellion, was later active in local Grafton and Marlboro, as well as Massachusetts state politics. Evenly toned, original folds, one small stain, else fine.

[Revolutionary War] Continental Army Loyalty Oath Document Signed Twice "Dan Tucker". One page, 6.5" x 8.125", partly-printed form completed in manuscript, October 10, 1780, Fort Schuyler [New York], a combination loyalty oath and oath of office for Daniel Tucker for his new position as assistant deputy quartermaster. Only two weeks after the discovery of Benedict Arnold's treason, Tucker swears that, in part: "... I will to the utmost of my Power, support, maintain, and defend the said United States, against the said King George the Third, his Heirs and Successors, and his and their Abettors, Assistants, and Adherents, and will serve the said United States in the Office of Ast. Dy Q Master for Fort Schuyler which I now hold, with fidelity, according to the best of my Skill and Understanding." In a bow to the interests of Quakers who refused to swear oaths, the document leaves the place for "swear" blank leaving open the option to either "swear" or "affirm" their allegiance (Tucker wrote "Swear"). The document continues with a second affirmation, this time affirming that Tucker would fulfill his duties in his new office. Also signed twice "P Cortlandt Colo" (likely Col. Philip Van Cortlandt, future New York congressman). A rare and unusual document. A few toned spots, usual folds, otherwise very fine condition.

[Revolutionary War] Account of Guns Autograph Document Signed "Baxter How". One page (with dated endorsement on verso signed by Zadock Putnam), 8.125" x 6.625", [no place], April 4, 1776 (on verso). This unusual document notes the presence of three guns, appraised by the "Continental Committee " (at around £2 per gun), together with two cartridge boxes. The equipment is owned by Zadock Putnam, Benjamin Grover, and Henry Redner, all of Capt. Luke Drury's Company, Col. Jonathan Ward's Regiment. All three men were present the previous year at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Putnam, one of Drury's men, was also one of the Minutemen who responded to the Lexington Alarm. Following their response to the Lexington Alarm and the Battle of Bunker Hill, Ward's Regiment was stationed on the lines at Dorchester and remained there until their term of service expired on January 1, 1776. Many reenlisted in other units and may have taken part in the seizure of Dorchester Heights in March, which forced the British to evacuate Boston. Weak at folds, pinhole at center fold intersection, light chipping at margins, overall very good.

[Revolutionary War] Autograph Muster Roll Document Signed "Luther Bailey". Two pages, 12.5" x 8.125", lined ledger sheet, Camp Crotens [Croton's] Bridge [New York], July 18, 1778, titled "Return of 1st Massachusetts Regiment of foot Commanded by Colo. John Bailey". This ledger sheet lists the disposition of the eight companies [to wit: Captains Maxwell, Darby, Allen (late), Burr, Drew, Warren (late), Alden, and Dunham] of the 1st Massachusetts Regiment, John Bailey commanding. Demarcated are the various types of officers - nineteen subcategories in addition to the "Rank & File," who are categorized by: "Present fit for Duty," "Sick Present," "Sick Absent," "On Command," and "On Furlow." The total present & fit force numbered 211 of 347 men enlisted, with 293 men "Wanting." In all the regiment was at less than 60% of full strength, not an uncommon situation. The thirteen absent officers are individually named, with their reasons and locations. For instance, Second Lieutenant [Simeon] Lord [of Berwick, ME] is on command at "Valley Forge," & Second Lieutenant Morton, & Ensigns Kelton & Stone are all sick at Valley Forge. First Lieutenant Eldred is "Prisoner" "with ye Enemy." On British paper with large Britannia watermark. Ink a bit light and a little rough at edges, one vertical fold, else fine. Included are printouts of portions of John and Luther Bailey's Revolutionary War service records showing their ranks, dates of commission, and regimental association.

Broadside Requesting Donation of Blankets for General Washington's Army Prior to Valley Forge. One page, 8" x 13", printed by John Dunlap, Pennsylvania War Office, May 2, 1777. Following the eventful year of 1776, George Washington's Continental Army wintered in Morristown, New Jersey. They were tired and plagued by poor training, high turnover, and a lack of supplies such as blankets. Nevertheless, they were a resourceful, hardworking throng of farmers, shoemakers, carpenters, blacksmiths, and other artisans, who were used to living a rough life in extreme weather. As would be proven later, they could make do with little, but blankets were almost a necessity. Knowing that the outcome of the American revolution (and the safety of Philadelphia) rested on this army, the "Board in the City of Philadelphia and the several Counties" authorized this broadside notifying citizens of the attempt to supply blankets to "a considerable body of Continental Troops, [who] by the want of Blankets, are retarded from joining His Excellency General Washington."

The broadside reads: "Pennsylvania War Office,. May 2d, 1777. To the Public. The Honorable Major General Schuyler having informed this Board that a considerable body of Continental Troops, by the want of Blankets, are retarded from joining His Excellency General Washington, and requested our aid in collecting a quantity from the inhabitants immediately, - We cannot doubt but every faithful subject of the United States that are well attached to the cause of America, will spare all the Blankets (receiving the value of the same) for the use of the Troops which they conveniently can. And as the making an Assessment of Blankets has been recommended by Congress as a measure that would be more just and equal to the inhabitants in general than to oppress the generous and benevolent only, by voluntary contributions. This Board have therefore, by virtue of the authority given them by Congress and the emergency of the case, ordered such Assessment to be made; and they earnestly request the aid of all friends to their country in carrying the said Assessment into execution, as the health of the Army, a consideration deserving the utmost attention, depends upon it. The following is a list of the Gentlemen appointed to execute the Order of the Board in the City of Philadelphia and the several Counties." There follows a lengthy list of individuals given the responsibility to coordinate collections in and around Philadelphia. The documents ends: "Published by Order of the Board, Jacob S. Howell, Secretary."

Philadelphia, where the Second Continental Congress met and signed the Declaration of Independence earlier in July 1776, was susceptible at the time to British attack. The Congress had already fled once, in December 1776, to Baltimore. Two months before this broadside was printed by the printer of the Declaration of Independence, John Dunlap, Congress had returned and recommended this order, undoubtedly concerned about an invasion into Pennsylvania. That invasion came later in September and was met by Washington's army at the Battles of Brandywine (September 1777) and Germantown (October 1777). Both battles were victories for the British who occupied Philadelphia from late September 1777 until June 1778. This order foreshadows the trials awaiting the Continental Army seven months later at Valley Forge. This significant piece contains two ink strikethroughs affecting three words, toning, and one cello repair on verso at separation which also has a bit of paper loss.

[Revolutionary War] Continental Army Clothing Supplies: Five Manuscript Documents Signed, 1779-1781. Each one page (three with docketing on verso), various sizes- 5" x 7.5" to 8" x 8.5", various locations, various dates- March 1779 to June 1781, all documenting the process in which these most precious of supplies were procured to supply an army of thousands. Three of the documents concern the town of Tolland, Connecticut and its contribution to the war effort. One, a receipt signed by Colonel William Little and dated "Camp March 17, 1779", acknowledges the receipt "...of the Town of Tolland by Campt I. Hinkley two frock at ten shilling each- nineteen pr woolen Breeches at eighteen shillings each ~ twenty five pr stocking at six shillings pr pair ~ twenty five pr shoes at eight shillings and six pence pr pair - for Connecticut Troops...". Two other documents concern clothing from Bolton, Connecticut, one being a receipt to "Mr. Gideon King" of the "Committee of Cloathing [sic] of Bolton" signed by State Commissary Elijah Hubbard (1745-1808) for £104.8.0 worth of shoes, shirts, overalls, frocks and stockings dated June 11, 1781. An excellent and informative set of material documenting the mechanics of supplying the army. Expected folds, overall fine condition.

Most historians agree that the key to the American victory was Washington's ability just to maintain an army in the field and keep them supplies. This forced the British to keep their army in America at an astronomical cost. Ultimately the British lost the will (and the financial resources) to continue.

Ralph Farnham Signed Copy of A Biographical Sketch of the Life of Ralph Farnham, of Acton, Maine; Now in the One Hundred and Fifth Year of his Age, and the Sole Survivor of the Glorious Battle of Bunker Hill, by C. W. Clarence, (Boston, Massachusetts, n.p., 1860). The booklet is signed by Farnham in a shaky hand below an oval albumen portrait of the elderly soldier. Farnham lived in relative obscurity as a Maine farmer until his hometown of Acton celebrated his 104th birthday and his Revolutionary War service. Governor Nathaniel P. Banks, Mayor Frederic W. Lincoln of Boston, Edward Everett, and other prominent Bostonians invited Farnham to visit their city in the fall. Farnham accepted the invitation and arrived in Boston on October 8, 1860. His visit to Boston coincided with a tour of the city by the Prince of Wales, and the Maine veteran briefly met with the young prince. The covers of the booklet are chipped and the front cover is loose, but the page with Farnham's image and signature is near fine.

Henry Baldwin Autograph Letters (2) Signed. Both letters are written to Stephen Barlow of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (1) One page, 8" x 9", January 29, 1813, Washington, concerning bank drafts. Baldwin, who is visiting Washington, D.C., closes the letter, "Nothing interesting going on. I hope to get away next week and am very tired of this d__d place." (2) One page, 7.75" x 10", February 12, 1813, n.p. [likely Washington, D.C.], again concerning money "to be deposited in Bank of Pittsburgh." These letters were written three years before attorney Baldwin (1780-1844) was elected to the U.S. Congress in 1816 and eighteen years before President Jackson appointed him as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, a position in which he served from 1830 through 1844. The addressed page of each letter is missing paper, though not text. Uneven toning on page one of both letters. Both are in very good condition.

[Declaration Signer] Josiah Bartlett Document Signed as Justice of the Peace. One page, 8.5" x 6.75", Exeter NH, April 19, 1777. Judge Bartlett has signed his name to this document concerning the arrest and possible conviction of several counterfeiters at large during the Revolutionary War. In part (errors intact): "To the Keeper of the Public Gaol in Exeter in the County of Rockingham, Greeting. We send you herewith the Bodies of Leonard Whiting, Richard Catts Shannan, John Holland & John Wilkins, apprehended & brot before us... on Suspicion of their being concerned in Counterfeiting the Bills of Credit of this State and of the other United States, and of passing the same And of Spreading or a Design to spread the Small Pox among the good People of these States... you are hereby required to receive them into your Custody & them safely keep until discharged by due course of Law." The document has been signed by Josiah Bartlett, Mescheh Weare, and E. Thompson, as "Justices of Peace throughout the Land." At this time Weare was also serving as the first president for the state of New Hampshire.

Counterfeiting by British subjects/supporters was somewhat common during the Revolution, but biological warfare was exceedingly rare. Although we cannot ascertain what happened to all of these men, it is known that John Holland escaped confinement and returned to England. Remnants of a paper seal affixed with red wax at upper left corner. Docketed on verso. Heavy age toning and numerous folds, but completely intact and in very good condition.

Bureau of Engraving Vignette of the U.S. Supreme Court Building Signed by All Nine Justices of the Burger Court Era. 8" x 6". Signed as follows: "Warren E. Burger", "W. O. Douglas", "William J. Brennan, Jr.", "Potter Stewart", "Byron R. White", "Thurgood Marshall", "Harry A. Blackmun", "Lewis F. Powell", and "William H. Rehnquist". All signatures dark and sharp and in overall fine condition.

Joshua Chamberlain Autograph Letter Signed, with Accompanying Secretarial Copy of a William Seward Letter, Both Concerning the Jaffa Colonists. Secretary of State William Seward writes to Maine Governor (and Civil War hero) Joshua Chamberlain asking if aid will be sent to the 156 suffering American Christian colonists in the ancient Palestinian city of Jaffa. Chamberlain then writes a letter informing Maine Congressman (and future governor) Sidney Perham of Seward's interest in the troubled affair.

Seward's secretarial copy is one and one-half pages, 8" x 10", dated August 31, 1867, from Washington, "Department of State", to Joshua Chamberlain, "Governor of Maine". In part: "Concerning the Jaffa Colonists. I have the honor to invite your attention to the fact that information has reached this Department showing that a new party will set out from Maine to Jaffa at the end of August. It is historically true, I believe, as a general fact that Colonies always suffer great embarrassments in the beginning and yet that, when fed by reinforcements they have finally very often succeeded. I shall be glad to have such facts as you may be able to furnish concerning this alleged effort by citizens of Maine to revive and sustain the said Colony. I especially wish that the Senators and Representatives of Maine or some of them would give this Department information of what may be expected in regard to any movements in that State, either for bringing back the Colonists of Jaffa, or for reinforcing them or sending them supplies." On lined paper with slight separation at some fold intersections. Fine.

Joshua Chamberlain's letter is one page, 5" x 8.25", dated September 7, 1867, from Augusta, Maine, on "State of Maine Executive Department" letterhead. He writes Perham, "I enclose a copy of Mr. Sewards last letter to me concerning the 'Jaffa Colonists'. I had asked that [Admiral David] Farragut be authorized to send the sufferers home in a Government ship. Mr. Seward seems desirous to know what we are doing here, and wishes to hear from our Members of Congress." Fine condition.

In February 1866, charismatic actor and preacher George Jones Adams met with President Johnson and Secretary of State Seward to receive the blessing of the U.S. Government for his proposed colonization of the ancient Palestinian city of Jaffa. One hundred and fifty-six colonists sailed from Jonesport, Maine, in August 1866, in what turned out to be a tragic effort. Misfortune in the form of disease, failed crops, and drought struck the group from the beginning and by the fall of 1867, they sought American aid. Mark Twain visited the colony about that time, writing about the experience in The Innocents Abroad (1869). Pronouncing the colony "a complete fiasco," Twain reported that he and his fellow travelers helped forty of the colonists escape to Egypt. According to Twain, after several appeals for aid by Adams and his colonists, only "one dollar was subscribed" to the colony (The Innocents Abroad, 398-400). In October, only two months after Seward's letter to Chamberlain, Seward's State Department supplied money for the return of all colonists, except those who chose to remain.

[Declaration Signer] Samuel Chase Letter Signed as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. One page, 7.5" x 9.5", Baltimore MD, December 8, 1799. Addressed to Benjamin Ogle, Governor of Maryland, the letter reads in part: "The enclosed papers contain all the official information it is in my power to give your Excellency respecting the Bank Stock . . . no further progress has been made in the business. I expect daily to receive Mr. King's answer to my inquiries." Enclosures not extant. Very boldly signed "Samuel Chase."

In 1783, Samuel Chase was appointed by the State of Maryland to go to England in an attempt to recover some bank stock which belonged to the former colony. Complicated court proceedings prevented Chase from achieving much success in the matter. Although unclear, we believe Justice Chase may be referring to these bank stocks. It was not until some years later that the problem was settled by Chase's one-time protégé, William Pinkney, who later became the Attorney General of the United States. Interestingly, Chase was the only Supreme Court Associate Justice to be impeached (he was later acquitted by the Senate of all charges).

Felix Frankfurter Archive of Correspondence to Arthur D. Hill, containing twenty letters dated between the early 1920s and 1941. Frankfurter met Hill while teaching at Harvard Law School, and the older Hill became a mentor; they remained close friends throughout their lives. The majority of the letters are written between 1920 and 1930, with many of those written on "Law School of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass." letterhead. Eight letters, written between 1939 and 1941, are on "Supreme Court of the United States" letterhead. Frankfurter's letters reflect their common interests and preoccupations and cover such topics as the rise of Hitler, American involvement in the War, his thoughts on the practice of law and his admiration for Supreme Court Justices Holmes and Brandeis. In addition to Frankfurter's letters, this archive also includes five letters by his wife Marion, his mother Emma Frankfurter, a letter from Ellen Frankfurter, and an incomplete letter in an unknown hand which is annotated by Frankfurter.

Felix Frankfurter (1881-1965) served as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1939 through 1962. After a short time practicing law, he followed his friend Henry Stimson to Washington to serve in the Taft administration. In 1913, he became a professor of law at Harvard Law School. During the course of his teaching career, he became involved in Zionism - the urging of Justice Brandeis - and helped found the A.C.L.U. As a reformer, he was an unofficial adviser to President Roosevelt about his New Deal. After Justice Benjamin Cardoza died in 1938, the president nominated Frankfurter to fill the vacancy.

Reflected throughout the letters are their interests in contemporary politics and European events: "I still bet on my British and your French. As a matter of fact, the two days' debate in the House of Commons gives one new confidence in democracy and makes one realize what the new barbarism is challenging [May 9, 1940]." Since both were highly interested in Europe, Hitler's "new barbarism" is addressed throughout Frankfurters correspondence: "The Germans don't want war; they merely want the fruit of victory." In an undated later, ca. 1940, Frankfurter acknowledges, "Your comments on France - Your recognition that there was always an evil 'group of the extreme right', who nearly ruined France in the Dreyfus Affaire. . . . Its all very sad - but put France ... will be rehabilitated when Hitler is done in by the British... and as it now looks also by the Rooshians. I now bet on Russian morale... Churchill said that he is not much of a religious man but he truly believes that a special kind of providence must have placed so good & true a man & peculiarly fitted for these times, at the head of the American nation (No - I did not hear this from any connected with the White House)..."

Frankfurter had earlier become close friends with both Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and Justice Louis Brandeis. His unlikely friendship with Holmes (Holmes was seventy-one at the time) sparked an active correspondence between the two which lasted from 1912 through 1932, when Holmes was no longer able to write. Holmes had a great influence on the young reformer, who peppers these letters to Hill with references to the eminent justice: "Why do you talk such talk to the young? Remember Holmes' resolve, 'I shall never lie to the young' [September 23, 1940]." Earlier - likely 1921 - a joyful Frankfurter writes, "Holmes wrote Brandeis that he expects to take his seat again in October. Isn't that wonderful if it should turn out to be true. No one has ever made death seem more ruthless and incredible than the possibility of Holmes ceasing to be a member of the Court."

All of the letters are in very good to near fine condition, although several have clean tears (no paper loss) at top.

Confederate General Thomas Harrison Endorsement Signed "Thos. Harrison/ Col Commdg. Brig." regarding communications about whether or not Lieutenant Colonel Paul F. Anderson's 4th Tennessee Cavalry, in Harrison's Brigade, should begin "stripping the citizens" for food while chasing Sherman through South Carolina.

Confederate Cavalry Colonel Harrison's endorsement is on the verso of a letter (6.75" x 8.75", January 30, 1765, written from "Hdqrs [?] Whippy Swamp [Hampton County, South Carolina], Crafton house") signed by Lt. Col. Paul F. Anderson of the 4th Tennessee Cavalry concerning an "order this morning to turn over all of my wagons but three (3)." Anderson asked Colonel Harrison, "What am I to do for forage? We are hauling to day seventeen (17) miles and there is none in a shorter distance. I could submit the command for a day or two perhaps by stripping the citizens of every thing, this I presume is not desirable and we will be fools to send forage details on horse-back which is disorganizing in its tendency, demorallizing [sic] in its effects and the death knell of all discipline."

Harrison writes in the endorsement on January 29, 1865 from "Hd.Qrs. Harrisons Brig.", "For information as to what Col Anderson shall do for forage & subsistence, I concur fully with him that the great reduction of transportation will be fatal to all discipline in the cavalry." Below Harrison's endorsement is that of Brigadier General William Y. C. Humes.

These communications were made while Major General Joseph Wheeler's Cavalry Corps, which included Harrison's Brigade, was trying to stop General Sherman's Carolina Campaign in which Sherman marched northward from Savannah to ravage South Carolina. The Confederates hoped that the swamps of South Carolina would halt Sherman's force (Lt. Col. Anderson was writing from a swamp), but Sherman continued his march unabated and Union troops entered Charleston on February 17. Prior to the Civil War, Harrison was a Texas lawyer, politician, and veteran of the Mexican War. Unpopular with his men and known for drinking during battles, he was wounded two months after signing this. Toned and on lined paper; fine.

John Jay Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 8" x 10", July 29, 1817, Bedford [New York], written to Jay's eldest son, attorney Peter Augustus Jay. This letter concerns a message from Alexander Hamilton's son, James, to Founding Father John Jay through Peter about the future publication of Gouverneur Morris' correspondence by his widow. The letter reads in part: "Your letter . . . informs me that Mr. James Hamilton had received a letter from Mrs. Gouverneur Morris, in which she says that she intends publishing a series of her late Husband's correspondence, and that perhaps I may wish to withdraw some of my letters. Request the favor of Mr. Hamilton to present my Thanks to Mrs. Morris for this friendly suggestion; and to assure her that I would do it personally, but for my continuance of the ill health which has for years detained me from Morrisania [Morris' New York estate], notwithstanding the particular Inducements which have occurred since my last visit. That as to the Letters in question - I do not recollect any which merit public attention, nor any which I regret having written." Jay continues by telling his son to "Give Mr. Hamilton a copy of the above - it will prevent any of those misapprehensions which sometimes result from verbal communications." The letter ends with news of other members of the Jay family.

A co-author of the U.S. Constitution, Gouverneur Morris, Jay's friend since childhood, was a favorite correspondent of John Jay (of all Jay's extant correspondence, only George Washington received more letters from Jay). The two worked closely during the American Revolution and afterwards, exchanging numerous letters. By 1817, Jay, himself a co-author of the Federalist Papers who had served the young nation in multiple ways, was in retirement from public affairs at his Bedford estate and certainly still mourning the death of Morris, who had died nine months earlier. In ill health, Jay was not able to travel the forty-one miles from Bedford to Morrisania to look over his old letters, but felt confident that nothing improper was written. His signature is very clear and clean. With minor marginal nicks; fine condition.

Henry Knox Letter Signed "H. Knox". Two pages, 8.25" x 12.75", September 13, 1790, "War Department", to Captain Henry Burbeck regarding fugitive slaves who had fled into Spanish Florida. As President Washington's first secretary of war, Henry Knox informs Captain Burbeck that his "conduct to the Spanish officers is highly proper and you will continue the most friendly intercourse with them. Your information respecting Mr. Jones' negroes has been submitted to the President of the United States and you are requested to transmit all similar information. You will agreeably to your instructions prevent by all means in your power the escape of negroes from their masters being citizens or inhabitants of the United States. . . . I hope Mr. McGillivray had a good passage to the St Mary's." Burbeck, a Revolutionary War veteran, had been sent to Georgia in 1789 to assist with the treaty negotiations between the U.S. and Creek Nation. That treaty, signed in 1790, required the Creek to hand over runaway slaves among them to the U.S. Later, Burbeck was assigned to build a U.S. fort on St. Mary's River, the boundary of the U.S. and Spanish Florida. While constructing the fort, Creek Chief McGillivray brought copies of the treaty to the Burbeck. This letter is toned with folds; fine. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

John McLean Autograph Letter Draft Unsigned. Two and one-quarter pages, 8" x 10", January 6, 1847, Washington, to "Mr. Galloway". This retained copy containing many of Supreme Court Justice's personal political opinions bears many strikethroughs and corrections, which are themselves interesting. The letter begins, "Since 1829, having been a member of the Supreme Court of the United States, I have not had occasion publicly to avow my views on the political topics of the day, but, lately opinions have been attributed to me which I have never entertained, and my friends think that should not no longer remain silent ["on a subject in which they feel some interest" has been struckthrough] under such imputations. My opinions have always been openly avowed in conversations with my friends ["and others" was inserted here] on all subjects. In this respect I have been less reserved than policy required."

McLean then writes of his party affiliation: "In answer to the ["imputation" has been struckthrough] charge that I am no Whig, ["and that I am opposed to their professed principles" has been struckthrough] I have only to remark that I have never ["voted" has been struckthrough] given an Anti-Whig vote, and that I heartily approve of the great principles professed by the Whig Party." About his interest in the presidency, McLean admits, "I have no solicitude in relation to the presidency. The office, in my judgment, is fallen below the aspirations of an honest man, ["except except for the purpose of thoroughly" has been struckthrough] unless it be to reform the administration of the government. ["And I solemnly declare that if the office were within my reach" has been struckthrough] No other motive could induce me to accept the office, if it were within my reach. . . ."

After serving as the sixth U.S. Postmaster General, John McLean (1785-1861) was appointed by President Andrew Jackson as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, serving a long and notable career from 1830 until his death in 1861. Throughout those years he associated with every political party, including the Whigs. He longed to be president and was often offered as a candidate.
With folds and slight bleedthrough. Fine.

[John McLean] Nathaniel C. McLean Autograph Letters (Two) Signed, together with two letters from "Nat [A. McLean]" to his uncle, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean. The two Nathaniel C. McLean letters are dated 1852 from Fort Snelling, Minnesota Territory. In these letters, McLean reports on a trip among the "upper treaty Indians" accompanied by Minnesota's first territorial governor, Alexander Ramsey. McLean, responsible for $100,000 to be paid as the Indians' annuity, was concerned about the bribes and "trickery" used by "half breeds" and traders to get the money. In an earlier letter that year (included in this lot), McLean wrote that he considered himself "the guardian of the Indian, to see that he has justice and I have to cut and slash on all sides it is impossible to please them all and do my duty to the Indians, so my effort is to try and do rides let the consequences be what they may." Nathaniel C. McLean (1815-1905) was the son of John McLean. Later during the Civil War, he served as a colonel in an Ohio infantry regiment. He saw action in the 1862 Shenandoah Valley Campaign against Stonewall Jackson, at the Second Bull Run, at Chancellorsville, and with William T. Sherman during the Carolina Campaign. The two remaining letters, written by a nephew of John McLean (dated 1850 and 1852) contain information on California and national politics. All letters are in fine condition.

Sidney Perham Archive Spanning More than Three Decades in Maine. An extensive archive containing 18 letters addressed to Perham in an official capacity, various state level appointments, printed speeches, passes, images, and an 1832 needlepoint sampler made by Perham's wife as a child.

The official correspondence most notably includes eight letters by Nelson Dingley, Jr. beginning in March 1863 through September 1875. Dingley's letters concern themselves exclusively with the political state of Maine, including the effects of taxing paper on local manufacturers and the election of Joshua Chamberlain.
As an elected official, Perham enjoyed complimentary passes to events, the following examples of which are included: a complimentary pass to the "Dirigo Base Ball Club" dated January 12, 1871; a book of Western Union Telegraph Company complimentary franks for the year 1873 issued to Perham for his personal use; a pass to the Centennial exhibition held in Philadelphia; printed calling cards for Frederick Seward, Mrs. Gideon Welles, and Mr. & Mrs. Charles Howard.
Rounding out this full archive is an 1832 needlepoint sampler, 12" x 11.5", identified as being made by Almena Jane Hathaway at age 10. Almena Jane would grow up to marry Perham. Much of the color has faded from the threads, and there are areas of thread-loss. The sampler makes a nice presentation alongside daguerreotypes identified as Samuel and Almena Jane Perham.
A rich archive representing all aspects of the life of an elected official. Perham first served as a Maine Congressman beginning in 1863. He would later serve as Governor for one term from 1871 through 1874 and remained an activist in the temperance movement throughout all of his life.

Edwin M. Stanton Carte de Visite Signed, 2.5" x 4", with a Brady & Co. printed date of 1865. Printed on verso, "Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries." Fine.

Roger B. Taney Carte de Visite Signed "R. B. Taney" boldly on verso. Backstamped by E. & H. T. Anthony of New York, the image, likely the earliest signed CDV of a Supreme Court Chief Justice, was taken ca. 1860 and shows the slightly stooped chief justice sitting in a chair. Taney served as the fifth chief justice from 1836 through 1864. This rare signed CDV is in fine condition.

Roger B. Taney Autograph Document Signed "R. B. Taney". Two pages. 7" x 12.25". Frederick County [Maryland], February, 1804. In this legal brief, a young Taney, surely a recently minted lawyer, represents a client who had been assaulted with "swords clubs knives and fists". Taney's endorsement appears twice on the document. Taney would go on to serve as the 5th Chief Justice of the United States, infamously known for delivering the majority opinion in the Dred Scott case. Slightly toned, with the usual fold creases, else legible, bright and in very good condition.

Civil War Statesmen: Group of Twelve Cartes de Visite and One Signed Card. All CDVs are 2.5" x 4" and are signed by their subjects, except the CDVs of Lincoln's Vice President Hannibal Hamlin and New Hampshire Senator John P. Hale. On the verso, most have a handwritten request for the subject's signature. CDVs with signatures include those of Connecticut Senator Lafayette Foster, Lincoln's Treasury Secretary Hugh McCulloch, Mary Surratt's defender Reverdy Johnson, Minnesota Governor Alexander Ramsey, Michigan Senator Zachariah Chandler, Illinois Governor Richard Yates, New York Governor Edwin D. Morgan, Lincoln's War Secretary Joseph Holt, Iowa Senator James Harlan, and Wisconsin Senator James R. Doolittle. All except one have "Brady's Photographic Portrait Galleries" printed on verso. Joseph Holt has signed his calling card (2.5" x 3.5") "J. Holt, Judge Adv. General", a position he held from 1862-1875. All items are fine.

[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham] Early French & Indian War Decree Addressing Privateers to Refrain from Hostilities in the Gulf of Naples. One page, 7.75" x 12", "Court at St. James's", England, January 11, 1757. A manuscript copy, headed "George R." The French and Indian War (the North American portion of the world-wide conflict known as the Seven Years' War) was waged by Britain against her two main enemies - royal French forces and the various Native American forces that were allied with them. Fought from 1756 to1763, this fourth colonial war between the nations of France and Great Britain resulted in the British conquest of Canada.

In part: "An Additional Instruction [for] all Privateers and other Ships which may have Letters of Marque against the French King, his Vassals, or Subjects, or others inhabiting within any of his Countries, Territories or Dominions... Whereas Our good Brother the King of the Two Sicilies, has represented to us, that many Inconveniences may arise from Hostilities being committed in the Gulph of Naples, by Privateers belonging to either of the Powers at War... His Sicilian Majesty having also communicated to us a Copy of Orders with the Court of France have given to the Commanders of their Privateers, and other Ships, relating to this Affair. We being desirous to give all Marks in Our Power of Friendship and Regard for the Court of Naples, Do hereby strictly enjoin the Commanders of all Ships and Vessels, that have, or may have Letters of Marque, or Commissions for Private Men of War, to abstain from any Act of Hostility, against the Ships and Subjects of the French King within the Gulph of Naples during the present War, Provided that all Privateers, and other French Ships, do, on their Part, strictly observe the Orders that have been given them to the same Effect. By His Majesty's Command, W. Pitt."

Accomplished entirely in the same hand and signed by a proxy for William Pitt, who, just one month prior, was named Secretary of State for the Southern Department. In this position, Pitt guided policy relating to the Seven Years' War. Numerous chips along edges and corners; faint dampstains. Very good condition.

French and Indian War: Listing Pay Received by Five Soldiers in 1756. One page, 6" x 7.5", with various dates from January and February 1756. Each soldier has either signed his name or placed his mark following a short statement. Each short statement includes the soldier's name, company, regiment, pay amount, and recent activity, which for each was a "march from Lake George". Fine condition.

William Pepperrell Autograph Letter Signed "Wm. Pepperrell." One page, 8.5" x 8.25", October 28, 1719, "Pis[eataqua] in New England." The future hero of Louisbourg has signed his scarce signature to this letter addressed to "Mr. Ellias Pearse" concerning a bill of lading, debts, the shipping of goods, and other business matters.

In addition to his many commercial activities in the British American colonies, William Pepperrell (1696-1759) of Massachusetts was very active in colonial military leadership later during the 1740s and 1750s. In 1745, during King George's War, he led a successful Massachusetts expedition against the French colony of Nova Scotia, capturing Fortress Louisbourg after a six-week siege. Accolades and promotions followed. A decade later during the French and Indian War, Pepperrell (spelling varies) commanded the defense of the colonies, raised troops, and acted as Massachusetts' governor in 1757. Two years later, he was promoted to lieutenant general, the first American to be given that position. Regretfully, he died within months of the promotion. This early American document with a rare signature contains some minor stains, tears along top edge, and small holes in text. Near fine condition.

William Pepperrell Autograph Letter Signed "Wm. Pepperrell". One page, 8" x 5.5", July 30, 1737, "Piseataqua in N. England." The future hero of Louisbourg thanks "Mr. Dominique Reacechea [?]" for "your kind offer of serving me." This early American document with a rare signature contains some minor stains, tears along top edge, and small holes in text. Near fine condition.

French and Indian War: Two Receipts for Arms. One receipt, dated November 19, 1756, from Fort Edward [New York], issued for "musquets - Repairable . . . Cartouche Boxes . . . Bayonets" and is signed, "Robert Freser/ Conductor of Ordnance Store." Above the receipt on the same piece of paper (8" x 7.25"), John Burk writes Stephen Whipple requesting that he "Return the armes Left at your Stores which were committed to my care . . . and take a Receipt for the armes and accoutrements."

The other receipt, dated December 8, 1756, from Fort Edward, reads, "Received into His Majesty's Store from Capt. Stephen Whipple two Musquet." The receipt is signed, "Robert Freser/ Conductor of Stores." On the verso is a note concerning the ownership of two muskets. Both articles are toned and in near fine condition.

John Armstrong Collection of Nine Letters, all are signed (two are secretarially signed) and dated between October 1812 and August 1813. Eight of the letters were written while Armstrong was serving as President James Madison's secretary of war; all concern the eastern American coastal defense against British invasion.

Prior to the War of 1812, John Armstrong, Jr. (1758-1843) served his country as a soldier in the Revolutionary War, a Pennsylvania delegate to the Continental Congress, a U.S. senator, and a diplomat. At the outset of the War of 1812, he was appointed a brigadier general and assigned the difficult task of leading the defense of New York Harbor. In January 1813, President Madison appointed him his war secretary. Following the August 1814 burning of Washington's public buildings by British forces-one of the most humiliating events in U.S. history-Armstrong resigned amidst blame for failing to defend the capital against the invasion.

All of Secretary of War Armstrong's letters are one page; six of the letters are written to Brigadier General Henry Burbeck, who was stationed on Governor's Island (and later at New London, Connecticut) and was "commanding in the Harbour of New York [February 1, 1813, letter]." In the October 12, 1812, letter, Armstrong informs Burbeck about ordnance shortages at Newport ("deficiency of 50bls of powder, 400 shot for 24 pounders and 200 for 18 pounders . . .") and notifies him of requests from the Commissary General of Ordnance, Colonel Decius Wadsworth. On February 1, 1813 (secretarially signed), the war secretary instructs "Mr. Cooper" of New York to communicate with Burbeck about harbor defenses; seven days later, Armstrong informs Burbeck to expect "a communication from Mr. Cooper relative to Harbour defence." In the two March letters, Burbeck is directed to authorize "Mr. Christopher Colles to erect his Telegraph at fort Richmond [March 9, 1813]" and ordered to "proceed to Boston & relieve General Boyd in the command of that post [March 12, 1813]."

Armstrong's June 25th letter contains orders for Captain William Van Deursen, Jr., stationed at Fort Trumbull (New London, Connecticut): "So long as the blockade retains its present character, menacing an attack on the town & fort, you will prevent the departure of all vessels from the port." Six days later, Burbeck received directions to dismiss the Connecticut militia "with the Presidents thanks for the promptitude with which they turned out and expressions of his confidence in their zeal & courage. Should further trials be necessary [July 1, 1813]." In his July 9 letter, the secretary of war then gave Burbeck, stationed at New London, dire instructions: "If the British put themselves before your forts, giving them nothing but red hot balls & plenty of them. If Benjamin's recruits are insufficient to garrison & cover the forts call in some militia." Armstrong's final letter in this collection (secretarially signed) is addressed to Connecticut Governor John Cotton Smith regarding the supplying of Connecticut's militia, dated August 9, 1813. These important letters are in good to fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

Broadside: Aroostook War, "General Order, No. 30." One page, 7.75" x 9.5", March 30, 1839, "State of Maine. Head Quarters, Augusta" issued "By the Commander-in-Chief. A. B. Thompson, Adjutant General." The Aroostook War of 1838-1839 was a confrontation over the boundary between Maine and Canada. In January 1839, Maine's governor hastily raised a volunteer militia which he sent to the Aroostook region in the northern part of Maine to arrest Canadian lumbermen thought to be trespassing on Maine soil. The militia left Bangor in February. After they arrived in the Aroostook region, they were ordered by the Canadians to leave, which they refused. Fearing Canadian attacks, Maine raised an even larger militia. Combat never occurred because the governments of Britain and the U.S. intervened with the Treaty of London, which they signed in 1842. Issued after tempers had cooled, this general order sends the Maine militia home. In part: "Major General Isaac Hodsdon, commanding the State troops in actual service on the north-eastern frontier. . . . Deeming it unnecessary longer to continue a military force on the northeastern frontier, the Commander-in-Chief directs that the Militia be discharged without delay. . . . Called into active service at a season unusual for military operations, without preparation and without experience, much inconvenience if not suffering must have been felt by the detachments on duty. . . . the zeal and alacrity with which they have obeyed the call for their aid, is sure evidence that Maine can rely with perfect confidence on the patriotism of her citizen soldiery, for the protection of her honor and the vindication of her rights." Toned with foxing; near fine.

Henry Dearborn Letters (Four) Signed as President Jefferson's secretary of war, dated 1804, 1807, and 1808 (two). Secretary of State Dearborn writes these single-paged letters to Colonel Burbeck regarding the inspection of artillery pieces, troop movements, and general orders. According to these letters, Colonel Burbeck, who was sent in 1804 to inspect "the shells and shot at or near Hope Furnace in New Jersey" and in 1807 to "have the Field pieces proved at Mr. Fonall's Foundry," was ordered in June 1808 to move ammunition and artillery ("two field pieces, six pounders, an ammunition cart with twenty-five rounds of ammunition . . . two hundred muskets, 200 cartridge boxes, 1000 flints, 200 lbs of musket powder, 400 lbs of lead or musket ball, three horsemen's and fifteen common tents") to Burlington, Vermont, on Lake Champlain. In the July 1808 letter, Secretary of War Dearborn requested that Colonel Burbeck "issue the following in General Orders to every Officer Commanding a military post or garrison." The order directs "Every officer commanding a military post or garrison . . . never to order the purchase of rations or parts of rations without giving previous notice to the Contractor . . . unless he procures the necessary articles within a given time, which should be a reasonable one, that purchases will be ordered by the Commanding officer: and when any such purchases are made, they should be on the lowest terms for which the articles can be obtained." Later during the War of 1812, Henry Dearborn served as the senior major general in command of the northeaster frontier. After a year of ineffectual command, he was reassigned. Revolutionary War veteran Henry Burbeck was serving as the chief of the Artillery Corps, later to be promoted to brigadier general during the War of 1812. All letters are in fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

Henry Dearborn Autograph Letter Signed "H. Dearborn". One page, 8" x 10", May 10, 1812, "Head quarters Albany", to Colonel Henry Burbeck, a Revolutionary War veteran who was soon to be promoted to brigadier general. Dearborn writes regarding artillery armaments along the northeastern frontier shortly before hostilities broke out in the War of 1812. In part: "Such heavy advance as is on Govs. Island or in New York, which will not be necessary for the works in the Harbour & City, ought to be removed to this place as soon as practicable, including at least ten medium 18 pounders, four 10 inch mortars, ten of the smallest columbiads, with carriages." Dearborn, who had served as President Jefferson's secretary of war, was serving as the senior major general in command of the northeastern frontier. After a year of ineffectual command, he was reassigned in 1813. A tear along the left edge has been lightly repaired by tape on the verso; otherwise, fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

William Eustis Letters (Six) Signed as the secretary of war under President Madison. All are dated between 1810 and 1812 and written to the chief of the artillery corps, Colonel Henry Burbeck, instructing him in the movement and build-up of ordnance in preparation for hostilities with the British Empire in the War of 1812.

Of special interest in these letters is the increasing sense of urgency communicated by Secretary of War Eustis. In the June 1810 letter, the secretary sends Colonel Burbeck to New York to "take your quarters at Fort Columbus, and assume the command of the works & troops in the Harbour & City." Eustis' further orders include specific objectives for Burbeck ("direct the labour of the troops to the completing the Fortifications, to substitute their labour for that of hired men . . .to have the works completed, the cannon mounted, and every necessary preparation made to fit them for action"). One month after issuing orders in the October 1810 letter for winter preparations, Eustis communicates ordnance requirements to Burbeck for "Charlestown" ("thirty or forty pieces"), with "nearly the same number with carriages & equipments for New Orleans."As tensions between the U.S. and British increased, Eustis' communications become more urgent. In May 1812, he instructed Burbeck to expect from Springfield storekeepers "100 pounds of cannon powder to Newport and 150 barrels to Boston"; he then ordered Burbeck to purchase all the powder "that may be offered on reasonable terms. It is presumed the works are in perfect order for defence - should there be anything deficient, it must be supplied immediately." In the remaining two July 1812 letters - written only weeks after war was declared - Eustis instructs Burbeck to move more ordnance to Savannah, Georgia ("one hundred barrels of cannon powder, three hundred fifty 18 pound balls . . . "); meanwhile, Burbeck should expect "one hundred barrels of cannon powder and seventy barrels of musket powder" at Albany.

William Eustis (1753-1825) had served as a surgeon during the Revolutionary War. Following the war, he practiced medicine in Boston before becoming involved in politics. As Madison's war secretary, he tried to prepare the young nation for war, as these letters show. After the war began, he was criticized for its progress; the criticism led to his resignation in January 1813. All letters are signed "W. Eustis" and are in fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

Henry Knox Group of Two Letters Signed and Two Secretarially Retained Copies. All are dated between 1789 and 1792, while Henry Knox was serving as President Washington's secretary of war. Two of the letters are addressed to Captain Henry Burbeck, who was stationed along the southern border of Georgia. One of these letters requests Burbeck to "re-inlist as many of your good men as possible", while the other places Burbeck under the command of Major Richard Call. Another letter appoints Samuel Henley "Conductor of Military Stores." This letter is accompanied by an appointment document (a true copy). These letters, which exhibit some foxing and folds, are near fine. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

Henry Knox Group of Two Letters Signed and Two Secretarial Retained Copies, all regarding the 1790 treaty between the Creek Nation and the United States. In that treaty, known as the Treaty of New York, the U.S. agreed to recognize the Creek as sovereign outside of the borders of the U.S., while the Creek granted the U.S. disputed land in Georgia.

Captain Henry Burbeck, the recipient of Knox's two signed letters and a Revolutionary War veteran, had been sent to Georgia in 1789 to assist with the treaty negotiations, which were finally agreed upon after President Washington invited Creek Chief Alexander McGillivray, along with other chiefs, to deal directly with Henry Knox in New York City. Captain Burbeck was then assigned to build a U.S. fort on St. Mary's River, the southern boundary of the lands granted to the U.S. in the treaty (also the boundary between Georgia and Spanish Florida). Burbeck remained at his post on the border until 1792. Both of the included signed letters were written in August 1790 to "Captain Henry Burbeck Or. Officer Commanding the Troops of the United States at the St. Mary's [River fort]", shortly after the treaty was signed; the letters offer information on the treaty, as well as orders and information about Captain Burbeck's river fort construction. In the first letter (two pages, 8" x 12.75", August 16, 1790, "War Department", boldly signed "Knox/ Secy of War"), Henry Knox, acting as President Washington's secretary of war, notifies Captain Burbeck that he will soon receive copies of the treaty from Chief McGillivray himself: "This letter will be handed to you by Brigadier General McGillivray the Chief of the Creek Nation of Indians. This gentleman and the other Chiefs who accompany him hence in behalf of themselves and the whole Creek nation have entered into a treaty of peace and Strict friendship with the United States." Knox emphasizes the importance of the treaty because the "interests of the United States and the Creeks henceforward are proposed to be the same." He then ordered Burbeck to "receive Brigadier General McGillivray with all the respect due his rank, and you will assist him and the Creeks with him to the utmost of your power in ascending the river St. Marys and transporting their goods and baggage."

In the second signed letter (two and one-quarter pages, 8" x 12.75", August 17, 1790, "War Department", boldly signed "Knox/ Secy of War"), Knox gives instructions to Burbeck about the fort he was constructing along the St. Mary's River: "The post you have taken according to your description meets my approbation. In case however any considerable number of your men fall sickly you will remove them to Cumberland Island. From your description of the navigation of the St. Marys I hope the vessels on board which brigadier general McGillivray, and the other Creek chiefs are will be able to ascend it with convenience but you will in all events, send an officer and party up the river with them. The fortifications and mode of encamping your men also meets my approbation, and I am persuaded that you will continue to conduct yourself in such a manner as to merit a continuance of the same." When this letter was sent to Burbeck, Knox had enclosed a separate "articles of war" (not included in this lot) which contained "a new establishment for the troops in the service of the United States." Knox charged Burbeck with endeavoring to "reinlist as many of your men as possible under the said new establishment, and inform me of the number in order that arrangements may be made to forward to you as many recruits as shall be necessary to complete your company."

The two secretarially signed letters (one dated March 17 [with additions added on May 25 and July 13], 1792, and the other dated September 27, 1791) contain directions from Secretary of War Knox to Major Richard Call to perform duties "mentioned in the Creek Treaty", such as "marking the line" while being accompanied by a "detachment of savages." Major Call was ordered to "take command of them and will be considered responsible for further discipline and good conduct" because, according to a July 13 addition to the letter, "It is a circumstance of great importance that the force of the United States in Georgia should be directed with the highest prudence and circumspection. . . . to preserve the peace." In these two letters, Knox also gives direction concerning "supplies required for the troops in Georgia", with special instructions for the large number of Creek who "may attend at the running of the line. . . . The chiefs and those whom immediate duty it will be to attend running the line ought to be supported by the United States. But idle people or hunters who have assembled by curiosity may hunt for their food."

All letters included in this lot are toned with folds. The ink remains bold and very clear. The March 1791 letter contains an addition that has been pinned to page two; page three of that letter has a tear along the top edge with possibly the loss of one word. Overall, these letters are in fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

Amos Stoddard Autograph Letters (4) Signed, dated between 1810 and 1813 and containing reports on James Wilkinson's court inquiries (Wilkinson was an accomplice in Aaron Burr's western conspiracy), and machinations concerning the defense of New York Harbor, as well as news of Stoddard's journey to join General William Henry Harrison in Ohio. All letters are written to Colonel Henry Burbeck (two are written from Fort Columbus in the New York Harbor).

While stationed at Fort Columbus, Major Stoddard reports in a one-page letter written on February 15, 1810, on news of James Wilkinson, who had recently been accused of being involved in Aaron Burr's conspiracy to set up a new nation in the American west ("General Wilkinson is at present at Natchez; he is expected here [Fort Columbus] the last of this month on his way to New Orleans; it is rumored that he does not intend visiting Washington at present." Stoddard mentions others involved in the inquiries ("Capt. Cross . . . Lieut. Newman . . . Capt. Armistead . . . Lt. Col. Freeman . . . General Hampton").

One month later (March 8), Stoddard reports on Fort Columbus' preparations for the arrival of fresh recruits: "It is a heavy job to dig and stone the cellars, and to lay the foundation of the new barracks. This part of the work is nearly done - and the Quarters (calculated in my opinion for not more than 5 companies) will probably be finished the last of next month. . . . I am determined that nothing on my part shall be wanting to expedite the public works." The major also makes known his "dread" at the impending arrival of the 6th Regiment. He informs Burbeck of a "strange idea [that] has just come into my head to avoid the misfortune." This "idea", which he outlines in the letter, would bring to Fort Columbus more desirable "old officers" who "would be of more real use than ten times the number from the 6th Regt." He further writes, "This arrangement would probably keep me in command as long as I remain here."

In late 1812, Stoddard was sent to the Northwest Territory to join General William Henry Harrison who, two years after his famous victory at Tippecanoe, was in command of the Army of the Northwest and was constructing defenses against his overwhelming British and Indian foes. While passing through Cleveland, Ohio, on his journey to join Harrison, Stoddard wrote on January 14, 1813, "I am . . . on my way to Genl. Harrison, who is yet at upper Sandusky. I have wallowed in the mud and water from Pittsburgh to this place. The roads, however, are getting good. The snow is now three feet deep, and teams are hourly starting for the army. I shall pursue them as soon as I can get my horses shod. What Genl. Harrison will be able to do this winter is mere conjecture with me, but from what I see here, I apprehend that army supplies will be scarce. I believe the country produces supplies of every kind in abundance, but they are much scattered, and those employed to collect them, appear to be diliatory [sic] than the nature of the service will admit." Stoddard ends his letter, "If you take the trouble of writing me, send your letter under cover to Genl. Harrison, of whose family I am about to become a member." The major was placed in command of the artillery at Fort Meigs, which was still under construction when he arrived. As the British besieged the fort four months after writing this letter, Stoddard was struck by shrapnel. He died of tetanus on May 11. All letters are in fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

Robert Anderson Signed Matthew Brady Carte de Visite, 2.5" x 4". Signed "Robert Anderson/ Major Gen. USA" in lower margin. Matthew Brady's studio stamp appears below the Union major's signature as well as on the verso. Anderson is best known as the Union commander who surrendered Fort Sumter to Southerners following their bombardment of the South Carolinian fort in April 1861. Clipped at the corners; fine.

Confederate General Turner Ashby Document Signed "Turner Ashby". One page. 1862. Ashby approves a requisition for hay for his cavalry. Ashby was by all accounts a brilliant leader as he waged war in the Shenandoah Valley Campaign. He was killed in action near Harrisburg. With the usual fold creases, and Ashby's signature is a bit light, otherwise the document is in very good condition. A rare Confederate signature.

Joshua Chamberlain Stock Certificate Signed as president of the Ocala and Silver Springs Company. One page, 12" x 9.5", March 31, 1892, n.p. This $10 share is issued to W. L. Perham. Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain and his 20th Maine Volunteers successfully defended Little Round Top at Gettysburg against a sustained and organized Confederate assault, earning him the Medal of Honor, the adoration of the Northern public, and the grudging respect of his foes. Twice wounded in later battles, Chamberlain, a major general at the end of the war, presided over the surrender ceremony on April 12, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse. During the ceremony, his Union troops saluted the surrendering Southern troops, a controversial gesture. Nevertheless, his wartime popularity propelled him to four terms as Maine's governor. Although primarily an academic (Chamberlain served as president of Bowdoin College throughout the 1870s), he engaged in several business ventures, including one as president of the Ocala and Silver Springs Company, a Florida railroad and improvement company. The venture, like many others, proved unsuccessful for him. This certificate, with handsome vignettes, contains folds and docketing on verso. Fine.

Joshua Chamberlain Stock Certificate Signed as president of the Ocala and Silver Springs Company. One page, 12" x 9.5", March 7, 1892, n.p. This $10 share is issued to W. L. Perham. Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain and his 20th Maine Volunteers successfully defended Little Round Top at Gettysburg against a sustained and organized Confederate assault, earning him the Medal of Honor, the adoration of the Northern public, and the grudging respect of his foes. Twice wounded in later battles, Chamberlain, a major general at the end of the war, presided over the surrender ceremony on April 12, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse. During the ceremony, his Union troops saluted the Southern troops, a controversial gesture. Nevertheless, his wartime popularity propelled him to four terms as Maine's governor. Although primarily an academic (Chamberlain served as president of Bowdoin College throughout the 1870s), he engaged in several business ventures, including one as president of the Ocala and Silver Springs Company, a Florida railroad and improvement company. The venture, like many others, proved unsuccessful for him. This certificate, with handsome vignettes, contains folds and docketing on verso. Fine.

Confederate General Patrick Ronayne Cleburne Clipped Signature "P R Cleburne/ Maj Genl". 2.25" x 1". Born in Ireland, Cleburne planned the capture of the U.S. Arsenal in Little Rock, Arkansas. Cleburne participated in several major battles during the Civil War including Shiloh, Perryville, Richmond (Kentucky), Chickamauga, and was killed at the Battle of Franklin on November 30, 1864. Moderate fading to signature, else very good. One of the rarest of all Confederate signatures.

Confederate General Philip St. George Cocke Clipped Signature "Philip St Geo Cocke". 3" x 1.5", mounted on a slightly larger backing and tipped-on paper, complete with typed caption. Cocke, a West Point graduate, commanded a Virginia infantry regiment and participated in the 1st Manassas battle. It was after this battle that he returned home "shattered in mind and body" and on December 26, 1861, committed suicide. Cocke has signed as Brigadier General, dating this signature between October 21, 1861 and December 26, 1861. A fine example of this extremely rare Confederate signature.

Jefferson Davis' Personal Copy of Biographical Sketches of Eminent American Statesmen with Speeches, Addresses and Letters Signed by Varina Davis "Jefferson Davis" on a preliminary blank page. By B. F. Perry of Greenville. Philadelphia: The Ferree Press, 1887. 8vo. 612pp. With an albumen of the author in the frontispiece. As a South Carolina politician, Benjamin Franklin Perry (1805-1886) had opposed secession from the Union. As a result of his pro-Union stance, he was appointed by President Andrew Johnson as provisional governor of the state following the Civil War, serving from June 30 through November 29, 1865. Although not uncommon in autograph material, books signed by Davis are not often on the market. American Book Prices Current lists only two other signed volumes in the last twenty years. Re-bound in polished calf over marbled paper boards with gilt-stamped spine. Minor rodent damage to bottom edge. Very good.

Confederate General Earl Van Dorn Signature, "Earl Van Dorn/ Majr. Genl./ Mobile, Ala. Jany. 9, 1863" (4.75" x 2.75"). The emotional Confederate general was murdered on May 7, 1863, four months after signing this, at his Tennessee headquarters by a civilian doctor who claimed that Van Dorn had an affair with is wife. Included is an image of the general. Fine.

Amos B. Eaton Post-Civil War Archive, containing near 200 letters dated from March 4, 1865, through May 15, 1874. The Union general writes most of these letters from Washington, D.C., to his son, Professor Daniel C. Eaton of Yale, following the close of the Civil War. Through this large archive, General Eaton provides an important viewpoint - that of a military insider - of the mood and events in the capital city during the turbulent days of Reconstruction.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Amos Beebe Eaton (1806-1877), a West Point graduate and Mexican War veteran, was assigned the arduous task of forging a workable supply allocation system for the burgeoning Federal army. After succeeding at that, he was promoted to commissary general of the U.S. Army; he continued in that position until his retirement in 1874. While serving as commissary general, he wrote these letters, which contain significant information about cabinet members, Congressional activities, government corruption, judges, numerous generals, and his opinions about several topics, such as Southern political rights. Though most of the letters were written following the close of the war, two were written during its final days. In one, dated March 4, 1865, Eaton, hopeful that the war's end is near, writes, "We all look for great things between Grant, Schofield, Toby, Sherman & Meade, Sheridan. . . . The anaconda has sprung from his nest, has his prey in close quarters, & seems about to squeeze."

After the war had ended, Eaton reports that healing process was painful for the nation's leaders: "The President's course & the want of harmony between him & the majority in Congress are sources of great anxiety to all thoughtful men. . . . There are those who would, if they could, plunge the country into another civil war, if thereby they could put down the great patriotic party of the North that put down the armed rebellion. I fear the P___t [President] is not to be trusted. That either his mind is not entirely sane, or that he imbibes too much or that he indulges in political infractions only to be gained by favor of the South." The general showed little sympathy for Andrew Johnson during his tumultuous presidency: "we have an unfit person in the White House [April 1866]." Through these letters, Eaton keeps his son informed on the president's "impeachment case" which was "moving along steadily & seemingly with a force that nothing can necessarily resist. If the country can stand the assassination of Lincoln, it is not probably that the legal taking of ____ will create a ripple on the surface of our public affairs [March 1868]."

Amidst the political news, glimpses of Eaton's personality are revealed, such as when he laments that he has turned "60 years old!" Later, he confesses that he has "a powerful sense of having led a life of no results [February 1870]." The hardened military man seems to take pride in reporting to his son that "Gen. Grant [is] always personally respectful & kind to me [November 1872]." He was equally delighted to write that he was "upon entirely good terms with the Sec. of War & general Sherman [June 1869]."

The recipient of these letters, Daniel C. Eaton, was a professor of botany at Yale College and served as the curator of the Yale Herbarium for thirty-one years. Many of General Eaton's letters include information, intended to be helpful to his son, about various natural science topics, such as a May 1865 letter in which the general reports that he has contacted Isaac Newton, the commissioner of the department of Agriculture, asking help for his son to obtain "specimens for a Botanic Garden, should it be determined to establish one in connection with Yale college." Included in the archive is an autograph letter signed by Commissioner of Agriculture Isaac Newton, dated January 18, 1867.

In addition to the numerous letters, the archive also contains one cabinet card featuring the bearded general (ca. 1871, 4.25" x 6.5") and two calling cards (one reading, "Gen. & Mrs. A. B. Eaton"; and the other, "Mrs. E[phraim] Kirby Smith", whom he later married). Also included is a copy of "Special Orders No. 140", dated June 13, 1868, and issued "by command of General Grant". Though a few letters contain stains and foxing, overall, this archive is in fine condition and merits much further research.

CSN Captain French Forrest War-dated Letter Signed on imprinted Confederate States Office of Orders and Detail, Navy Department letterhead. One page, 8" x 10" on blue lined paper, Richmond, VA, May 13, 1862. When Virginia seceded from the United States in April 1861, Forrest was made the first and only flag officer of the Virginia State Navy, and assumed command at the Norfolk (then Gosport) Naval Yard. When Virginia joined the Confederate States and merged its military, he joined the navy of the Confederate States of America and was (re)appointed commander of the navy yard at Norfolk, Virginia. He served as the Acting Assistant Secretary of the Confederate Navy, and served two tours of duty as Commander of the James River Squadron.

Immediately after Confederate forces abandoned the ship yards in Portsmouth, VA, and destroyed whatever ships could not be moved, CSN Captain French Forrest directed this letter to Lieutenant Commander John Rutledge. It reads: "Sir, You are hereby detached from the CS 'Nansemond,' and will proceed to Savannah GA, and report to Commander Brent... for duty in the Battery from which you were formerly detached. Respectfully, Your Ob. Servant, F. Forrest, Chief of Bureau." Rutledge was returned to his original battery, and did not return to naval duty again until September 1862, when he was named commander of the CSS Palmetto State, a position he held through the end of the Civil War. Letter bears faint age toning, with moderate folds. Very fine condition.

James W. Forsyth Partly Printed Military Pass Signed "James W. Forsyth" as aide de camp. One page, 4" x 2.5", "Headquarters Provost Marshal General," July 22, 1862. This official military pass was made out to Lt. Col. F.J. Parker of the 32nd Regiment, First Massachusetts Volunteers, giving him permission to travel from Harrison's Landing, Virginia, to Baltimore, Maryland, during the Peninsular Campaign. Forsyth served as aide de camp to General Joseph K. F. Mansfield until the latter's untimely death at the Battle of Antietam. Forsyth then became provost marshal to the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Forsyth would later fight in the Indian Wars with the 1st Cavalry, and in 1886 he assumed command of the famed 7th Cavalry.

Document appears to have been completed entirely in Forsyth's hand. On the verso, a blank printed form allows for a physical description of the bearer, including categories for "Age, Height, Complexion, Hair, Eyes, Build," and "Whiskers." In addition, the verso bears a printed oath swearing the bearer to give no aid, comfort, or information to the enemies of the United States Government. Lightly age toned and bearing minor creases, this rare document is in fine condition.

Confederate General States Rights Gist Autograph General Order No. 71 Signed "S. R. Gist." One page, 7.5" x 9.75", May 2, 1861, Charleston, South Carolina, on "Adj. & Insp. Genl's Office [with 'Head Quarters' handwritten at top]" letterhead. General Order Number 71 authorized the promotion (since "S[tephen]. D. Lee resigned") of two South Carolinian officers to lieutenant in the "Battalion of Artillery." The concluding sentence of the general order reads, "Adj. Genl. of the S. C. Army will extend this order./ By order of the Governor/ S. R. Gist/ Adjutant Genl."

While marching bands played in the Charleston streets, South Carolina's legislature voted on December 20, 1860, to secede from the Union by a vote of 169-0. As fire-eaters like Gist hoped, other states soon followed. A lawyer and Confederate general from a prominent South Carolina family, Gist was killed during a charge in November 30, 1864, at the Battle of Franklin. That same day at Franklin, eleven other Confederate generals were killed. This general order signed by a hero of the first state to secede was issued just three weeks after the Battle of Fort Sumter rid South Carolina of Union forces prompting the war. This is a very scarce signature of an aptly named Southern states' rights advocate. Slight separation at one fold; on lined paper. Fine condition.

Confederate General Adley Hogan Gladden Signature with a letter transmitting the signature. The signature (3.5" x 1") is tipped-into a larger sized paper (8.75" x 3"). The letter (8" x 5.5") is dated April 15, 1873, Mobile, and is affixed on a slightly larger page. The letter, written to "Col. Chas. Jones" of New York, reads, "Enclosed please find another autograph of Genl. Gladden which I send you in reply to your letter . . . to J. M. Seixas of New Orleans." Seixas likely knew Gladden prior to the war (both lived in New Orleans and Seixas was serving under Braxton Bragg, who promoted Seixas to lieutenant after the Battle of Shiloh. Gladden, a Confederate brigadier general, was a veteran of the Seminole Wars and Mexican War. He died after his arm was amputated from a wound received at the Shiloh in 1862. Fine.

Ulysses S. Grant Carte de Visite Signed "U. S. Grant" 2.5" x 4", with a Brady & Co. printed date of 1865. Printed on verso, "Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries." Showing a slightly disheveled General Grant in uniform with his right hand resting on his lap. Fine.

Confederate General Elkanah Brackin Greer Discharge Certificate Signed "E. Greer/ Col. Com. S.K. Texas Regiment." Two pages, 8" x 12", August 19, 1861, "Regimental Head Quarters, South Kansas Tex. Regt. Camp near Springfield, Mo." Colonel Greer authorizes the discharge of Private Samuel A. Goodman, by signing below the statement, "I, E. Greer, Col commanding the South Kansas Texas Regiment, Approve of the within and foregoing Certificates, and hereby honorably discharge Samuel A. Goodman jr. from further Service as a Soldier."

On the verso are two statements; one is written and signed by Goodman's company commander, Captain David Y. Gaines, who described Private Goodman as a twenty-five-year-old "five foot seven inches high" lawyer who had "enrolled into Service by Capt. H. Harris, C.S.A. at Dallas Texas . . . 1861, to serve 12 months." According to Captain Gaines, Goodman had become "physically weak" and inadequate "to the discharge of the duties of a Soldier." The other statement is written and signed by Wallace McDugald, "Acting Surgeon S.K. Texas Rangers" who found Goodman "afflicted with Phthisis Pulmonalis [tuberculosis]; which is, in his case, immediately hereditary. This condition of his lungs disqualifies him for the duties of a soldier." Mr. Goodman lived almost forty more years. Colonel Greer, the grand commander of the Knights of the Golden Circle prior to the Civil War, fought with his Texas regiment in the war's western theater. Greer's rare signature is on lined paper with minor stains; fine.

Confederate General John Gregg Signature, "March 20th 1861, John Gregg" (7" x .75", tipped-into a slightly larger strip of paper). This rare signature comes with a [Mary Frances] Gregg Autograph Letter Signed "Mrs Gregg" and dated August 11, 1872, from Aberdeen [Mississippi]. Detailing the Confederate general's service during the Civil War, the letter, written to Charles C. Jones Jr, reads, "I made diligent search among my husband's papers for his commission as Brigadier. I have not been able to find it. I suppose it was lost at the time of his death. He was elected Col of the 7th Texas infantry the 1st of November 1861 at Hopkinsville, Ky. The last of Sept 1862 he was made Brigadier and commander of the post at Jackson, Miss. until the 15 of Dec, when he was assigned to active duty. His Brigade was composed of the 7th Texas, 3, 10, & 41 Tennessee Regiments & 1 Tennessee Battalion. In Jan 1864 he was transferred to the army of Gen. Longstreet's corps and command Hood's old brigade composed of the 1st, 4th, and 5th Texas and 3rd Arkansas regiments." The letter has been also been tipped-into a slightly larger sheet. Both signature and letter are in fine condition.

John Gregg moved to Texas in 1852 where he met and married Mary Frances Garth. He practiced law, founded a newspaper, and served as district judge before advocating Texas secession. After the war started, he recruited the 7th Texas Infantry regiment in which he served as colonel. After fighting in several major battles, serving a short time as a POW, and being wounded, he was killed at the Battle of New Market Road in Virginia in October 1864. An extraordinary woman, Mary Gregg bravely traveled from Texas to Virginia to retrieve her husband's body and, later, worked to establish Memorial Day. Gregg County, Texas, became the namesake of Brigadier General Gregg one year after this letter was written.

A. P. Hill Endorsement Signed "A. P. Hill/ Lieut. Genl." One page, 3" x 2", October 22, 1864, "HeadQrs. 3d. Corps A. N. Va." Confederate Lieut. Gen. Hill, one of Robert E. Lee's most successful generals, has signed this note, which reads, "Rec. forwarded. Passed this office on 8th inst." Hill was killed in battle five months later at the beginning of April 1865, seven days before Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House. On verso are remnants of another letter. Included is an image of the Confederate general. Toned; very good.

Confederate General Adam Rankin "Stovepipe" Johnson Autograph Letter Signed "A. R. Johnson". One page, March 3, 1864, Decatur, Georgia. To Brigadier General John H. Morgan. A most intriguing letter in which Johnson, as a colonel in Morgan's Cavalry writes in part: "After the conversation I had with you yesterday, I can not understand your orders of this morning. It is intended by you to take command in person? Yesterday you stated that "you desired me to make all necessary arrangements for the removal of the command"! Today your orders imply that it is unnecessary for me to make any arrangements for other than the dismounted men. If you do not design taking direct command I most respectfully ask that your Quarter Master Maj. Llewellyn should remain subject to your orders alone; for I can certainly make arrangements more suitable to myself without his assistance. If my construction be correct, that is that you have taken command. The orders will be cheerfully and strictly carried out." Johnson was accidentally shot in the face by one of his own men which resulted in blindness. The letter bears the usual fold creases, a small area of loss and some soiling, otherwise it has excellent content and has a very good example of a rather scarce signature.

Confederate General William Edmondson Jones Document Signed "W. E. Jones". One page. June, 1853. Jones signs this forage requisition document to account for hay fed to animals at various Texas forts and outposts. Jones was a West Point graduate who entered Confederate service as a Captain and fought at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. He was killed on May 5, 1864 at the Battle of the Wilderness. The document has the usual fold creases, else this scarce signature is in fine condition.

Joseph Warren Keifer Battle of Locust Grove Autograph Letter Signed. One page, penned on recto and verso of blue stationery, 7.75" x 9.75", "Camp Brandy Station, VA, Dec 29/63." Immediately following his participation at the Battle of Locust Grove, during Meade's operations in Northern Virginia, Colonel Keifer penned this sobering letter to his cousin, Rev. Milton J. Miller, who would later serve as the chaplain for Keifer's 110th Ohio Infantry.

His letter reads, in part: "The battle of Locust Grove (Novr 27/63) was a very severe infantry fight so far as my command was concerned. We fought the best troops of the Rebel Army and successfully... At times the bullets fell in sheets in our midst & for a period of over four hours the fire abated but little. I was with my command under the fire during the entire time. While my cavalry orderlies were shot at my side & many others fell to use no more around me, I was preserved unhurt. We punished the rebels triple fold. Their dead and wounded mostly fell into our hands."

Keifer goes on to describe the terrible aftermath of the battle: "A man is groaning in the last agonies of death... On the night of the 27th while we administered to the wounded of our own army, but a few yards distant could be heard distinctly the last agonies of the dying rebels. Many prayers were going up from the deluded rebels. They were left by their comrades without attention and care." Faintly age toned and in fine condition.

Joseph Warren Keifer Second Battle of Rappahannock Station Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages, penned on recto and verso of blue stationery, 7.75" x 9.75", "Headquarters at Brandy Station, Nov. r 12/63." Keifer writes to his cousin, Rev. Milton J. Miller, later the chaplain for the 110th Ohio Infantry, about his participation in the Second Battle of Rappahannock Station. In part: "If you could only see the Army of the Potomac in motion, nearly 100,000 men with over 400 pieces of artillery... In the recent movements of this Army some important successes were gained. My Brigade fully equaled my expectations in meeting & resisting the enemy. I commanded the advance guard of the Army on Sunday the 8th inst... I charged the Enemy and drove him from a hill upon which he was strongly posted with artillery in position... I kept up a running fight with the Enemy... For the third time since in the army I was able to use my pistols upon the Enemy at short range... After a day's fighting is over, and we turn to witness the mangled bodies of friends & foe, the hardest heart recoils from the scene..." This powerful and poignant letter is in remarkable condition, with minor age toning and slight wear at corners/edges. Very fine.

Joseph Warren Keifer was a brigadier general in the Union Army who also served many years as a member of the House of Representatives and as Speaker of the House. In 1861, Keifer joined the 110th Ohio Infantry and became its colonel. He served in the Eastern Theater, seeing action at the Battle of the Wilderness, as well as in the Overland Campaign, the Valley Campaigns of 1864 and the Siege of Petersburg.

Robert E. Lee Civil War-Dated Letter Signed to South Carolina Governor Francis W. Pickens, with Pickens Autograph Endorsement Signed. Four pages, 7.875" x 9.875", blue lined "Congress" embossed foldover lettersheet, December 27, 1861, Coosawhatchie, South Carolina. Lee replies to Pickens' concerns over the number of troops available for field operations in defense of South Carolina. He gives specific information on the commands and troops and warns the governor that the priority of Confederate troop deployment is to retain control of the forts at Georgetown and in the area around Charlestown.

The letter reads, in part: "I have had the honor to receive your letter of the 20th inst: In a previous letter I endeavored to express to your Excell'cy, my entire willingness to arm certain companies of regiments already in the service named by you, provided any arms remained after arming the regiments being organized for the war. But I cannot issue to them arms, before the arming of the regiments is completed... My object is to make the arms available for the defence of the State, as soon as possible and I hope your Excell'cy will aid me in this... The enemy is making demonstrations ag'st Wadmalaw Is'd, and our force there is not strong enough to resist him... Since your letter authorising me to take command of the State Troops in the field, I have felt no hesitation in doing so... According to the last returns received, the number of troops mustered in Confed. Service from So. Carolina, within the Dept:, present for duty, is 10.036, including offrs. non comd. Offs. &P'vts... The strength of the enemy, as far as I am able to judge, exceeds the whole force that we have in the State; it can be thrown with great celerity against any point, and far outnumbers any force we can bring against it in the field."

On page four, beneath the docketing, Governor Pickens has written: "Genl. [States Rights] Gist will - see that Genl. Lee puts the force from this Ste into Confederate service at 10,036 -- does this include the garrisons at the forts or not - does it include Manigault's rgts at Georgetown of 12 companies 1148 -men. Please make the true state of things appear./ The return of DeSaussure's Brigade was last number 3,400 & this included all - I only meant as its number, but I knew only about 1600 were ever out./ F W Pickens / 29. Decr. 1861/ Let me know & Moses will copy for to be sent into the Convention./ F W P"

Robert E. Lee had gone to Richmond in late April 1861 to take command of Virginia's military forces, at the invitation of Gov. John Letcher. When the militias and volunteer armies of other states who joined the Confederacy were under the command of the Provisional Confederate Army, Lee took on the critical task of molding the various locally formed units into a unified fighting force. At the time of this letter, Lee was headquartered in Coosawhatchie, South Carolina, organizing the South Atlantic coastal defenses. The Federal navy had begun a blockade of the South in July 1861, and by November 7 they had taken Fort Beauregard and Fort Walker. These victories led to the fall of Port Royal Island and then the occupation of the Sea Islands along South Carolina's coast. Governor F. W. Pickens was particularly invested in equipping and deploying South Carolina troops. He had begun to raise an infantry regiment before the firing on Fort Sumter, believing correctly that the forts on Charleston harbor would not be easily abandoned by the north. After the war began in earnest, he continued to work vigorously for South Carolina's defense. An important letter originally from the papers of Governor Francis Pickens. Original folds, toning on right and bottom of first page, very small hole causing inconsequential loss of two letters on page three ("re" of "there") and one letter ("S" of "Servant") on page four. A light ink smear affects the "R" in Lee's signature, else fine.

Robert E. Lee Framed Display of a Period Fair Copy of his General Order No. 9 of April 10, 1865, Signed by 30 Confederate Soldiers of the 2nd Regiment Engineer Troops, an Appomattox Parole Issued to One of the Soldiers, a Robert E. Lee Signature,
and Strands of Lee's Hair. Includes:

Manuscript Copy of Robert E. Lee's "General Orders No. 9" in an unknown hand. One page, 8" x 12.25". [Appomattox Court House, Virginia, April 10, 1865] With integral leaf, physically to the left of the order, is a Manuscript Document Signed by 30 Confederate soldiers of a regiment of Engineer Troops, known to be present at the surrender. Overall size, 16" x 12.5". It reads: "Roll of officers and men of Company 'G' 2nd Regiment Engineer Troops present at Surrender of 'Army of Northern Virginia' near Appomattox Court House Virginia on the 9th of April 1865." Signed: "B M Harrod Capt," "J.E. Roller 1st Lt.," and "Fred Harris 2nd Lt." And, in two columns, by 27 members of Company G including "T S Kitchens" (Roller added "3rd Sergt" to Kitchen's signature), "D.T. Williams 4th Segt," "James J. Medcalf 3rd Corpl," "J.S. Brady," "D. Butler," "Thomas Case," "W. M. Cross," "N D Cooper," "Wm H Gillikin," "J W Harper," "Stanley Leggett," "M A McDougald," "Benjamin Morris," "D.W. Payne," "R. Popham," "Jas. B. Stanly," "J.W. Stansell," and "Wm. Sutton." Company G's Captain, Benjamin M. Harrod (1837-1912), later served as Chief State Engineer of Louisiana and City Engineer of New Orleans. He was appointed to the Panama Canal Commissions by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt in 1902 and 1905. Plastic tape on verso at the four corners show through in blank areas.
Since this document was first signed, in order, by the Captain, two Lieutenants, three Sergeants, and three Corporals, and then by 21 privates (in alphabetical order), one can picture what occurred on April 10, 1865, at Appomattox after General Lee's order was read aloud to Company 'G' 2nd Regiment Engineer Troops, present the previous day at the surrender. The roll was called. As usual, it began with the sergeants, then corporals, continuing with, in alphabetical order, the privates, and each soldier signed his name on the page opposite his commanding general's order. This is the first transcript of General Order No. 9 we have ever seen signed by a regiment of soldiers to whom Gen. Lee was directing the order.
Appomattox Court House Parole Pass Issued to John E. Roller, one of the soldiers signing the manuscript described above. Partly printed Document Signed "T.M.R. Talcott." One page, 7.75" x 3". Appomattox Court House, Va., April 10, 1865. Filled out in manuscript. Age has lightened the manuscript ink, and this document has been expertly restored, and the ink darkened. In full: "The Bearer, John E. Roller of Co. G 2nd Regt. of Engr. Troops, a Paroled Prisoner of the Army of Northern Virginia, has permission to go to his home, and there remained undisturbed." Mounting stains on verso at the corners show through.
In April 1865, Companies C, G, H, and K of the Second Regiment Engineer Troops were with the forces in Virginia. These four companies, for the most part, served under Colonel Thomas Mann Randolph Talcott of the 1st Engineers Regiment. Col. Talcott (1838-1920) had served as Aide-de-Camp to General Robert E. Lee. An 1863 graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, appointed 2nd Lieutenant in October 1863, John E. Roller (1844-1918) studied law after the war and became an attorney in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He later served in the Virginia state legislature and was a Brigadier General in the state militia.
A signature "Robert E. Lee", on a 2.5" x 2" slip of paper, is prominently displayed on the bottom margin of the manuscript orders. The display is rounded out with six strands of Lee's silver grey hair authenticated by Charles Hamilton, cut by Lee from his head on April 19, 1869, and presented to Louise R. Thome. All items are matted and framed to an overall size of 36.5" x 27.5", making and impressive presentation.

Robert E. Lee Twice Signed Carte de Visite, a War-dated Portrait in Confederate Uniform taken by Richmond studio Vannerson & Jones. Chest, up portrait, 2.5" x 4", signed "R.E. Lee" on the albumen. With a second signature and inscription on the verso: "For my dear Cousin M.G. / REL". The recipient adds a note in pencil:"with letter dated 19 June '65". Photographic backstamp: "Vannerson & Jones" of Richmond, Va. Accompanied by a printed wedding invitation announcing the marriage of Mary Walker, daughter of Mrs. George Bolling Lee, to Mr. A. Smith Bowman, Jr. on Friday, Nov. 25 (no year), in Washington D.C. A near fine image, obtained directly from Lee descendants.

Robert E. Lee Report Card Signed "R E Lee" as president of Washington College. One page, 8" x 10.5", May 31, 1867, [Lexington] Virginia. This document reports the grades of E. T. Dumble, a student at Washington College (now Washington and Lee University). Dumble did "good" in Latin with an "Average Mark" of 84. His Greek score, however, was only "fair" at 76.

Six months after surrendering at Appomattox Courthouse, Lee became president of Washington College in his beloved state of Virginia. His experience as superintendent of West Point prior to the Civil War helped him excel as an educational administrator at the college. During his five years there, he recruited northern and southern students and transformed the college into one of the nation's leading education centers. Soon after his death in October 1870, Lee's name was added to the name of the college. Toned with light foxing; fine.

Confederate General Robert Edward Lee Clipped Signature "R E Lee/ Arlington". 2.5" x 1". Mounted to a larger backing. An incredible Lee signature cut from the integral address panel of a letter written to his wife. Just to the left of the signature is a portion of the "s" in "Mrs". Accompanying the signature is a copy of a page taken from Philip Van Doren Stern's book Robert E. Lee the Man and the Soldier which illustrates two letters Lee wrote to his wife at Arlington and it leaves no doubt that this signature was indeed removed from a letter addressed to Mrs. Lee. While not particularly scarce, Lee's signature is perhaps the most important of all Confederate autographs. A near fine example.

Stephen D. Lee War-dated Autograph Letter Signed to Commander John Rutledge. One page, 8" x 9.75", "Commandant's Office, C.S. Dock Yard," Norfolk, VA, May 6, 1862. Commander Lee directs Lieutenant Commander John Rutledge to temporary duty. In full: "Sir: You will take command of the Steam Gun Boat 'Escambia' for temporary duty, and proceed to Richmond & report in person to the Hon. Secretary of the Navy. Respectfully, S.D. Lee, Commdr."

On May 4th, Rutledge had taken command of the CSS Nansemond, a small wooden steamer that had just been built, and sailed from Norfolk to Richmond with other vessels of the squadron. Two days later, this order was issued, and Rutledge was directed to return to the dockyard to take command of the Escambia. Circumstances beyond his control led Confederate forces to burn the Escambia and many other ships on the stocks on May 10, 1862, immediately prior to their abandoning the naval yard. Rutledge would later take command of the ironclad CSS Palmetto State. Letter bears moderate age toning, one tiny tear at right edge, and a small section missing from the upper left corner. Very boldly penned and perfect for display. Fine condition.

After resigning from the US Army in 1861, Lee entered the Confederate forces as a captain in the South Carolina Militia. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in March 1862, and at the time of this letter he served as the artillery chief for Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws' division of the Army of Northern Virginia.

Confederate General St. John Richardson Liddell Document Signed "St John R Liddell/ Brig. Gen Comd". 7.5" x 9.5". Partially printed document on blue lined paper printed by Farrow & Dennett Printers, Mobile, Alabama. Liddell has endorsed this Confederate States chit for the purchase of lumber vertically along the left margin. Payment was to be made to Origen Sibley, Jr., who appears as a corporal on the roster of the 2nd Alabama Volunteer Infantry. Liddell served in many prominent positions during the war including serving as staff officer to Generals Hardee and Johnston during the early stages of the war and later participating in the battles of Perryville, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, and several engagements in the Trans-Mississippi Theater. Liddell was murdered after the war by a former Confederate colonel over a decades old real estate deal. The document has the usual old fold creases, otherwise it is in very good condition. A scarce Confederate signature.

James Longstreet Archive, including one autograph letter signed by the Confederate general; several other typed letters signed by his widow, Helen Longstreet; various images; and a copy of Longstreet's From Manassas to Appomatox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America. The autograph letter signed "James Longstreet" (one page, 3.5" x 5.5", January 14, 1891, San Antonio) is written to an undisclosed recipient. It reads, "I find myself obliged to forgo the pleasure of the reception tonight. A severe cold taken last night has confined to the house all of the day. Please express my salutations and respects to Leolo and Mrs. Black and the officers and Ladies of Department HeadQuarters."

Also, three typed letters signed "Helen D. Longstreet" to J. F. McKendrick of Pennsylvania. In the first, dated 1909, Mrs. Longstreet notifies the recipient that she is "forwarding by this mail a copy of 'Lee and Longstreet at High Tide.'" In the second, dated 1910, Mrs. Longstreet asks McKendrick for "your criticism of the Gettysburg chapters." The third, typed on the letterhead of "Slaves of the Southern Confederacy Monument Association" (an association dedicated to memorializing the southern slaves), was dated January 18, 1911, thanking McHenrick for a Christmas gift. Interestingly, in the left margin is printed a memorial to "the old black mammy of the slave days."

From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1896. Octavo. 698 pages. Frontispiece portrait of Longstreet late in life with facsimile inscription, plates, and colored maps. Handsome with tight binding.

Plus, a printed Christmas greetings "from the South 1910" bearing a quotation from the Gettysburg Address above the printed name of Helen Longstreet. Four images, three of General Longstreet (one a carte de visite featuring an engraving and trimmed at the corners), are also included, along with one photograph of Helen Longstreet sitting beside Union General Daniel Sickles at a Gettysburg reunion in 1913.

After the war, Gen. Longstreet joined the Republican Party, thus becoming a scalawag, which cost him the favor of many Southerners. Helen Longstreet was his second wife, marrying him in 1897 when she was thirty-four and he was seventy-six (Longstreet's first wife, Louisa, died the previous year). When the general died in 1904, Helen was childless (Louisa and James had ten children). After Longstreet's death, Helen, who had many accomplishments before she met her husband, directed her energy toward the preservation of his memory. In 1905, she published Lee and Longstreet at High Tide. She also devoted her energies to conservationism, politics, and Confederate memorialism. All items are in this archive are in fine condition.

Confederate Documents: General Orders No. 16, Issued by Major General J. Bankhead Magruder. One page, printed, 5¾" x 8" (irregular cut), December 11, 1862, Houston, Texas. The order establishes protocols for filing various reports, muster rolls, and returns by Confederate military forces under the command of General Magruder in the Military District of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Extremely fine.

Confederate General Benjamin McCulloch Document Signed "Ben McCulloch/ Brigr Genl/ C.S.A.". 7.75" x 4". McCulloch has endorsed the verso of this Confederate War Warrant dated May 14, 1861 and made out to him for the amount of $1,000 dollars. The document is also signed by Confederate Treasurer Edward C. Elmore. Included with the signed document is a contemporary engraved portrait of McCulloch. Ben McCulloch had seen plenty of action before his service as Brigadier General in the Confederate army. During the Texas revolution he was present at the Battle of San Jacinto; he participated in the Battle of Monterrey during the Mexican War; and scouted the western frontier prior to the outbreak of the Civil War. He served with much distinction during the Civil War, commanding troops at the battles of Wilson's Creek and Pea Ridge. He was killed by a Union sharpshooter on March 7, 1862. The war warrant shows some discoloration from old taped repairs in the folds, with some additional chipping at the top edge, else McCulloch's signature remains bright and in very good condition. The engraved portrait shows some foxing and light soiling, otherwise it is in very good condition. A superb example of this scarce Confederate signature.

[John McLean] Nathaniel McLean Post-Civil War Archive of over Fifty-Five Letters and One Telegraph, 1865-1896. All letters, except for a few, are written to Nathaniel McLean's wife, Louisa, and dated between November 30, 1865, through October 18, 1896. Two letters are written on "Law Office of N. C. M'Lean" stationery. The Western Union telegraph, dated January 4, 1866, was sent to Louisa: "Send carriage to next train. Want supper." After attending Harvard, Nathaniel McLean (1815-1905) practiced law. He married his first wife, the daughter of a Cincinnati judge, in 1838. After she died, he married Louisa in 1858. When the Civil War began, he became a colonel in an Ohio infantry regiment and saw action in the 1862 Shenandoah Valley Campaign against Stonewall Jackson, at the Second Bull Run, at Chancellorsville, and with William Sherman during the Carolina Campaign. When the war ended, he was a brigadier general. Following the war, McLean practiced law in Cincinnati until moving to Wabasha County, Minnesota. Thirty-one of these letters, all written in 1874, were written from Minnesota. Later, the McLean's moved to Bellport, New York, where he wrote sixteen of these letters, all in 1896. Nathaniel McLean died in Bellport, his final home, in 1905. Each letter comes with its original transmittal envelope. This archive, worthy of further research, has been well cared for and is in fine condition.

McPherson Family Archive, containing photographs, numerous letters, documents, invoices, calling cards, and various business communications relating to the Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, family, dated from the 1830s through 1860s.

On the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, heavy fighting occurred at McPherson's Ridge, part of the McPherson farm located two miles west of Gettysburg. At the time of the battle, the farm was owned by Edward McPherson, a lawyer and newspaperman who was serving as a U.S. Congressman. President Lincoln later appointed him Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue. An influential Republican, McPherson directed the 1876 Republican National Convention.

Contained in this archive are nine photographs, including at least four of John B. McPherson, who enlisted early in the Civil War and was later appointed judge of the Third Circuit Court by President Taft in 1912. Three Civil War-dated letters (1861 and 1862) written by the young soldier are included in this archive.

The archives letters are written by McPherson family members, friends, and business associates, including statements to Dr. William McPherson as Collector at Columbia, Pennsylvania (collector of canal tolls and railroad tolls (1830s). This voluminous archive merits much further research and discovery.

­­­Confederate Colonel John S. Mosby's Farewell Address to his Rangers. Extremely rare and historic content war date Autograph Document Signed, "Jno: S. Mosby Colonel" 1 page, 9.75" x 7.75" [Salem], Fauquier [County, Virginia], April 21, 1865. Written as Colonel of the 43rd Virginia Cavalry, popularly known as "Mosby's Rangers," Mosby issues his famous farewell order to his cavalrymen in the closing days of the Civil War. A tremendous rarity, this is the first contemporary edition to be offered at a major auction in more than a century and may be the only contemporary autograph edition still in private hands. The letter is mounted in a period scrapbook. The ink remains bold, and the paper sound; with light soiling, toning, and a few tiny tears occurring at margins.

From 1863 to 1865, the 43rd Virginia Cavalry conducted daring guerilla raids behind Union lines in northern Virginia, sabotaging railroads, telegraph lines and supply trains. Their ability to attack without warning and then melt into the countryside earned their commander the nickname "The Grey Ghost." The surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomattox on April 9, 1865 meant the end for Mosby's Rangers. Rather than surrender his command to the Union, Mosby chose to formally disband the regiment.

Mosby assembled his men at noon on April 21, 1865 on a green in Salem, Virginia. As he sat silently on his horse, Mosby's officers read out his final remarks to his eight companies of cavalrymen:

Fauquier, April 21st 65

Soldiers! I have summoned you together for the last time. The vision we [have] cherished of a free & independent country has vanished and that country is now the spoil of a conqueror. I disband your organization in preference to our surrendering it to our enemies. I am no longer your commander. After an association of more than two eventful years. I part from you with a just pride in the fame of your achievements & grateful recollections of your generous kindness to myself. And now, at this moment of bidding you a final adieu, accept this assurance of my unchanging confidence & regard. Farewell!

Jno: S Mosby
Colonel

Mosby's words stand alongside Lee's General Order No. 9 as one of the most important military addresses of the Civil War. Both speeches sought to bring a sense of closure to those who had struggled for what had clearly become a 'lost cause.' Mosby's short address was simply worded, yet profound in meaning and sentiment. According to eyewitnesses to the brief ceremony, there wasn't a dry eye to be found among the assembled cavalrymen, including Mosby -- who seldom betrayed his emotions before his men.

Most of Mosby's Rangers took their paroles in the following days and returned to their homes. Mosby chose to become a fugitive and remained one until early 1866. News of his farewell and flight from federal authorities spread quickly, and his farewell address was widely reprinted in contemporary newspapers. Often derisively prefaced in the North where Mosby was considered a common bandit, the papers helped propel the speech into American popular culture.

John Singleton Mosby and his Rangers

Trained as an attorney, John S. Mosby enlisted in the Confederate ranks in 1861 as a cavalryman serving at First Manassas and in J. E. B. Stuart's Shenandoah Valley campaign. Under Stuart, Mosby served as a scout where he earned a reputation for mounting daring raids behind Union lines. In early 1863 he was commissioned a captain with authority to raise a company of hand-picked cavalrymen to operate as partisan rangers. Officially known as the 43rd Virginia Cavalry, they acted under a recently-enacted ranger law that permitted the division of war booty among its captors, similar to the manner in which sea-borne privateers had operated for centuries. Mosby's organization skillfully executed lightning attacks against Union forces and their supply lines in Northern Virginia and Western Maryland, which tremendously hindered Union efforts to defeat the Confederacy. So effective were his Rangers in harassing and then avoiding Northern troops, their area of operations became known as "Mosby's Confederacy." By early 1865 Mosby's Rangers had swelled in size from a handful of men to a regiment of some 700 that included an ad hoc artillery unit. Stories of their raids, repeated in newspapers, both north and south, became the stuff of legend.

After Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, Mosby's position became dramatically weakened. Initially the Union terms of surrender did not include irregular forces like the 43rd Virginia. On April 10, General Winfield Scott Hancock, then commanding Union forces at Winchester, had issued a circular extending the terms given Lee at Appomattox to all Confederate troops, both regular and irregular, except: "The guerrilla Chief Mosby is not included in the parole." The same day Secretary of War Stanton asked General Grant his opinion on the matter and to his surprise, Grant thought Mosby should be granted parole as well. The next day Hancock's chief of staff informed Mosby of his inclusion in the pardon and proposed a Union officer of equal rank to discuss the surrender. Hancock did not receive a response from Mosby for several days. Mosby was stalling for time as he still wanted to continue fighting as long as Joseph E. Johnston's Confederate army still fought in North Carolina. At a meeting on the 18th between Mosby and Union negotiators, Mosby was candid about his intentions and noted that he was ready to disband his command and allow his men to surrender as individuals if and when Johnston surrendered. Mosby also begged a 10 day extension to the truce that had commenced several days earlier. Hancock grew impatient with Mosby's delaying tactics and refused his request for an extension of the truce beyond April 20. At a final meeting in Millwood, Virginia, Union negotiators flatly informed Mosby that if he did not surrender, federal forces would lay waste to the countryside. At that, Mosby walked out of the meeting and returned to his safe haven beyond the Blue Ridge Mountains.

There was to be no more fighting. Disbandment was the only option in order to save 'Mosby's Confederacy' from a destructive and unnecessary military campaign. In his 1906 memoirs, John W. Munson of Company B wrote of that evening, "The outlook for the morrow was gloomy.... Colonel Mosby, like the rest of us, showed plainly that his heart was heavy. The blow had fallen with awful force and, though little was said, the gloomy faces of the Partisans told how tumultuous were the thoughts surging amid the memories of past achievements..." (Munson, John W., Reminiscences of a Mosby Guerilla, p. 269.)

The following morning, at Glen Welby, the home of Major Richard Henry Carter, Mosby requested writing material and composed his farewell order. (Munson, p. 269). He then rode to Salem, (now Marshall), Virginia where he had ordered his regiment to rendezvous. James J. Williamson, of Company A, described the scene in detail in his memoirs: "The men came in slowly. It had rained in the early part of the morning, and a thick fog hung like a pall over the face of the country. The damp, raw air did not strike the feelings with a more chilling influence than that which was sent to the heart by the gloomy aspect which every object seemed to wear. Not a smile was to be seen on any of the faces... all looked sad. Mosby was walking up and down the street, occasionally stopping to speak to one or another of the men as they rode in. About noon the order was given to mount, and the companies formed. The whole command was drawn up in line on the green... Well-mounted and equipped, the men presented a magnificent appearance, and... Mosby rode up and down the line... When all preliminaries were arranged, Mosby s Farewell to his command was read by the commander of each squadron to his men." (Williamson, James Joseph, A Record of the Operations of the Forty-Third Battalion Virginia Cavalry..., pp. 391-393)

Williamson recalled, "While the address was being read, a profound silence reigned; and when the word 'farewell' was uttered, it fell like a knell upon the ears of the assembled band. They gave Mosby three hearty cheers and the order was given to break ranks. Then ensued a scene trying to all... The men pressed forward around their officers to bid them adieu, and soon hardly a dry eye could be seen. Strong men, who had looked unmoved on scenes which would have appalled hearts unused to the painful sights presented on the field of battle, now wept like little children. Mosby stood beside a fence on the main street and took the hands of those who gathered around him. His eyes were red, and he would now and then dash aside the struggling tears which he was unable wholly to suppress. Men would silently grasp each other's hands and then turn their heads aside to hide their tears; but at last it became so general that no pains were taken to conceal them. It was the most trying ordeal through which we had ever passed. A number of ladies who had assembled to witness the disbanding of the command were apparently as much affected as we were." (Williamson, p. 394).

The following day, most of Mosby's men surrendered to Federal authorities and accepted their paroles. Mosby and several others chose to ride south and join Johnston's army still fighting in North Carolina. Upon reaching Richmond, they heard of Johnston's surrender to Sherman. Because he chose to run rather than surrender with his men, Mosby became an intermittent fugitive for nearly a year. On February 2, 1866 General U. S. Grant, on the personal appeal of his wife Pauline, issued an order allowing Mosby to travel without fear of arrest allowing Mosby to resume a normal life. Mosby moved to Warrenton, Virginia where he established a law practice. His decision to join the Republican Party angered some fellow Virginians and he was the subject of an assassination attempt. Later he served as U.S. Consul to Hong Kong (1878-85) and then as a lawyer for the Southern Pacific Railroad. He also served in the Department of the Interior and in the Department of Justice as an assistant attorney general.

One of the only known contemporary autograph editions known to exist.

As in the case of Lee's General Order No. 9 of April 9, 1865, editions of Mosby's address were produced for the immediate purpose of reading before assembled bodies of troops. Exactly how many copies of Mosby's Farewell were written and read aloud at the time is unclear. John Marshall Crawford's memoir, Mosby and His Men (1867), describes only Mosby's brother and adjutant, William reading the address aloud. Other eyewitnesses, including Williamson and Munson, credited squadron commanders reading the address to their men. John Scot, in his 1867 history that was authorized by Mosby, supports Williamson and Munson. These vague descriptions of the mechanics of the event have been interpreted in a variety of ways by Mosby's biographers. Some credit just William Mosby (citing Crawford), others assert that officers William Chapman and Adolphus Richards read it together (assuming the regiment was divided into two squadrons for the ceremony), while another author simply states the address was read by officers to each of the eight companies.

The extant physical evidence would suggest that more than two people read the message aloud and may have been read to each company rather than to each squadron. At present, we are aware of seven extant contemporary editions of this address, of which only two are in Mosby's hand -- including the present specimen. Three others are in the collection of the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia. Of those, one is in Mosby's hand, the other two in the hands of secretaries, each bearing heavy folds similar to the present example. That museum also holds a photocopy of an additional contemporary secretarial edition that is in private hands. Another likely contemporary secretarial edition is part of the collection of the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond and another at the Fairfax Museum in Fairfax, Va. It appears likely that the majority of these were used as reading copies in the field. The aforementioned autograph copy at the Museum of the Confederacy had been owned by Robert S. Walker, captain of Company B. This circumstance further supports the theory that company commanders read the address.

Mosby's 1944 biographer, Virgil Carrington Jones, in Ranger Mosby, cited a draft edition at the Library of Congress, but it has not been sourced. The Library does have a later-written souvenir edition penned by Mosby. Jones also referenced a copy at the public library in Warrenton, Virginia (which may be one of the copies now at the Museum of the Confederacy) as well as an edition owned by the descendants of William Chapman who led many of Mosby's former Rangers to Winchester to be paroled on April 22, 1865. The location of that example is currently unknown.

The present edition of Mosby's Farewell conforms very closely to the contemporary autograph edition at the Museum of the Confederacy. The handwriting very closely matches the museum's example and Mosby's wartime hand in general. In addition, the paper used for these two additions appears to be very similar. This edition also bears two minor textual variations from the other known copies, and most of the published transcriptions. The first is the omission of the word 'have' in the sentence: 'The vision we have cherished of a free & independent country.' The second variation is the use of an ampersands in lieu of the conjunction 'and.' In all other respects, the text precisely matches the other written and published examples.

This is the first contemporary autograph edition of Mosby's Farewell to known appear at auction. American Book Prices Current only records the sale of a later, fair copy of Mosby's farewell written after the Civil War as a souvenir. [Sotheby's, New York, December 15, 1998, lot 211, $32,500.] No other examples appear in American Book Prices Current since its inception in 1896. In contrast, signed editions of Lee's farewell to the Army of Northern Virginia appear at auction with some regularity. Autographed copies of Lee's farewell have appeared at least 16 times at auction in the past 35 years according to American Book Prices Current.

The Adams-McWhorter-Sturges edition of Mosby's Farewell

The present edition of Mosby's Farewell was discovered this past year. It was found by art historian Dr. Christine I. Oaklander who was researching Jonathan Sturges of New York (1802-74), a patron and friend to Thomas Cole, Asher B. Durand, and other prominent American artists. During the 1850s, Sturges was a director of the Illinois Central Railroad, where he worked with Ambrose Burnside (treasurer), George B. McClellan (chief engineer and vice president), and Abraham Lincoln (then outside counsel and lobbyist). Sturges was a founder of the New York Union League Club and served as its second president. Two of his sons fought for the Union. One of Sturges' daughters, Amelia, was J. P. Morgan's true love and first wife. Sadly, she died of tuberculosis in 1862 within a year of their marriage. Despite the tragically brief marriage, Morgan was considered a family member for the rest of his life.

Yet the presence of such an important edition of Mosby's Farewell in the Sturges country home had nothing to do with any of Sturges' prominent associates (which even included General William T. Sherman). It originated as a result of the marriage of his youngest son, Henry Cady Sturges (1846-1922). In 1883, he married Sarah Adams McWhorter (1864-1959), the daughter of a prominent Augusta, Georgia family. She inherited a scrapbook that was kept by her mother, Sarah Deborah Adams McWhorter (1832-1915), which has remained in the family. It is in this album, filled with newspaper clippings, manuscript poetry and other ephemera, that Oaklander discovered the present edition of Mosby's Farewell.

Exactly how the Adams-McWhorter-Sturges edition found its way into the scrapbook remains unclear at present. Judging from the news clippings found in the scrapbook (mostly poetry) the book was kept between 1860 and 1873. What is certain is the document found its way into the album well before 1873, and its significance was lost to McWhorter's descendants. Living descendants had been completely unaware of the document's existence before Oaklander discovered the piece, found among 'family miscellany.' Someone unfamiliar with Mosby's handwriting could have easily mistaken it as a mere manuscript copy, similar to the poetry found in other parts of the album.

Mosby's Farewell stands among the most significant documents of the Civil War. This is a singular opportunity to own one of the few known war date editions in the hand of 'The Grey Ghost'.

John S. Mosby Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 8" x 10", March 12, 1908, Washington, on "Department of Justice" letterhead to "Colonel Major E. Leroy Sweetser." In part: "I am very much gratified to see in the Post just recd. that you had been elected Colonel of a regiment. My book has been published & I suppose you have recd. the copy you ordered." Sweetser would go on to be promoted as a brigadier general with service in World War I.

Confederate Colonel John Mosby, commander of Mosby's Rangers, was a controversial postbellum Southern figure because of his associations with Northerners. When this letter was written, he was serving as assistant attorney general in the Department of Justice. The letter comes with its transmittal envelope. With folds; fine. Included are postbellum newspaper articles about Mosby's raiders, including a newspaper photograph of Mosby's Men, early 1900s.

Confederate General Lucius Bellinger Northrop Letter Signed "L B Northrop". 7.75" x 6.5". One page. On Confederate States of America Subsistence Department letterhead. Dated February 4, 1862. Northrop signs a letter returning documents dealing with appointments in the Commissary Department. It reads in full: "Sir:/ I enclose herewith the letters of appointment/ and oath of office of Capt. J. H. Cowan, Capt. J F Moffatt,/ Capt. W L Kirby & Capt. Jno. Walker, as Assistant/ Commissaries in Provisional Army CSA./ Also official bonds, which after execution will be/ returned to this office./ I am very Respectfully/ Yr. Obt. Svt./ L B Northrop/ CGS". Northrop was a West Point graduate who was appointed Commissary General by President Jefferson Davis, who later appointed him a Brigadier General. He was relieved of all duty in February of 1865. Slight blooming to ink, otherwise a bright, legible letter in very good condition.

Confederate Generals Leonidas Polk and Thomas Carmichael Hindman Endorsement Signed "L. Polk" and "T. C. Hindman". Dated August, 1863. Leonidas Polk was killed by cannon fire near Marietta, Georgia on June 14, 1864; T. C. Hindman was assassinated by one of his former soldiers in Helena, Arkansas on September 28, 1868. Hindman's signature is bright and in very good condition; Polk's has faded a bit, otherwise it too, is in very good condition.

General and Mrs. James B. Ricketts Carte de Visite Signed by both on the verso, "James B. Ricketts/ Brig. Genl." and "Fanny Ricketts". In this 2.5" x 4" image, the general is in uniform lovingly facing his well-dressed wife. This Union couple embodied the suffering of the Civil War and the noble sacrifices which resulted. A veteran of the Mexican War and Seminole War, James Ricketts (1817-1887) participated in the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861. Following the battle, news of his death, along with his sword and final words, were delivered to Fanny. Two days later, after learning that he was still alive on the battlefield, she left their home in Washington and risked her life to travel through enemy territory to find him. After a harrowing journey, she finally found him, wounded in three places and near death, in a field hospital still on the Bull Run battlefield. She stayed with him there for several weeks until they were sent, with other wounded Union soldiers, to Richmond. While there, Ricketts was sentenced to the notorious Libby Prison where he was confined, still very ill, for several weeks. Fanny, who was allowed to continue caring for him in the prison, campaigned for his release. He was finally released and sent to Fairfax to recover. By the spring of 1862, Ricketts was promoted to brigadier-general and given a new assignment, only to be wounded again at Antietam and later, at Cedar Creek. "Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries" is stamped on the verso below the two signatures. Very good.

Confederate General James Edwin Slaughter Autograph Letter Signed "J.E. Slaughter". 5.5" x 7.25". Two pages. August 28, [1862], Chattanooga, Tennessee, Mississippi, to L. D. McKissick, Yazoo City, Mississippi. Slaughter responds to a June 13th letter from McKissick, the Civil Governor and Provost Marshal of Memphis. He writes in part: "...take the first opportunity of returning the thanks of the Gen'l. Comdg. [Bragg] for the manner in which you performed the arduous duties entrusted to you. During the whole time of your holding office not a single complaint of injustices was received at this office...". There is also a postscript which he initialed "J.E.S.". The letter is entirely in Slaughter's hand. Slaughter wrote this letter while attached to General Bragg's staff. Slaughter had the distinction of commanding the last Confederate engagement of the Civil War at Brownsville, Texas on May 12, 1865. The paper has toned with moderate discoloration at the top and left edges, with the usual old fold creases, otherwise a bright, legible example in very good condition.

Confederate General Thomas Benton Smith Document Signed "T. B. Smith/ Col Comdg/ 20th Tenn." One page, March 19, 1863. A war-dated requisition for one day's rations for Brig. General William Preston's brigade. Requisition assigns "400 rations of Bacon in lieu of the Mess Beef that was condemned by the Inspector." Also signed by William Preston, adding his rank.

Smith entered Confederate service as a 2nd Lt. in the 20th Tennessee and saw action at Shiloh and was wounded at the Battle of Murfreesboro. He was captured during the Battle of Nashville. Signature is light, but overall condition of the document is very good condition. Smith's is a difficult signature to find, particularly on a war-dated document.

Confederate General James Ewell Brown Stuart Clipped Signature "J. E. B. Stuart". Like so many of his Confederate colleagues "Jeb" Stuart was a West Point graduate. During the 1850s he served in the U.S. Army in Texas and Kansas, probably the time period when he signed this document. Stuart served as Lee's aide-de-camp in 1859 at Harper's Ferry. He entered Confederate service as a Colonel of the 1st Virginia Cavalry. He fought at the 1st Manassas, 2nd Manassas, Peninsula Campaign, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and many other notable battles. He was killed at Yellow Tavern on May 12, 1864. A bold, bright example of this rare and popular signature.

Confederate General James Alexander Walker Document Signed "J. A. Walker Commanding Brigade". One page. Dated November 5, 1862. Walker has signed this provision return for the Pioneer Corps of General Ewell's division boldly in the lower left corner of the document. Walker was a fearless fighter and was severely wounded at Spotsylvania Court House. After the war he served two terms as Congressman from Virginia. Walker's signature is bright and in very good condition.

Thomas N. Waul Autograph Letter Signed to Texas Governor Francis Lubbock. Two pages, 5.25" x 8", December 14, 1861, Richmond, Virginia. Waul writes concerning the purchase of arms for the defense of Texas: "Mr. G. H. Giddings who is in the full confidence of the War Department will hand you a letter from the Sec. of War [Judah P. Benjamin] which meets with my most cordial approval & I hope will meet your approbation. The investment is a good one under any circumstances a profitable & most patriotic arrangement as affairs now are. Next to purchasing the arms for Texas, it is the best that can be done. In addition I have no doubt that you can arrange so as to have the arms purchased and a very large portion of them reserved for the defence of Texas and placed in the hands of Texas volunteers." After the outbreak of the Civil War, Judge Thomas Waul was elected as a Texas representative in the first Confederate Congress. Two months after writing this directive, he resigned as representative and raised Waul's Texas Legion, which later surrendered to General Grant at Vicksburg in June 1863. Toning and weakness along one fold. Very good condition.

Confederate General Henry Constantine Wayne Autograph Letter Signed to Gustavus W. Smith on "State of Georgia Adjutant and Inspector General's Office" letterhead. One page, 7.5" x 9.5", June 26, 1863, Milledgeville, Georgia, directing Smith to examine the Etowah River railroad bridge, and then to "overlook the erection of defences [sic]" there. In full: "General, It would gratify the Governor [Joseph Brown] if you could make it convenient to visit the Camp of the 1st[?] Regt: Geo: State Line, and taking Colonel Galt with you examine the Rail Road Bridge over the Etowah River and see if any protection in the way of Stockade or traverse will add to its security against raid. Should you deem any field defence [sic] necessary will you indicate to Colonel Galt their character and method of construction and direct him to proceed with them as rapidly as possible. So far as you can do so without interference with your private engagements, the Governor wishes you to overlook the erection of any defences [sic] you may deem necessary and instruct Col. Galt in relation to them as may be required. Colonel Galt will be written on the subject."

Brigadier General Henry Wayne was appointed adjutant and inspector general by Governor Brown at the beginning of the Civil War. In that capacity, he organized Georgia's military into brigades, regiments, and companies. Major General G. W. Smith resigned his military post in February 1863. He then served as the head of the Etowah Iron Works, the "private engagement" referred to in Wayne's letter. Smith has docketed the verso of the letter in pencil, "Genl. H. C. Wayne/ June 26, 63/ asking me to locate defences [sic] for Etowah/ bridge." On lined paper; fine.

Confederate General John Austin Wharton Autograph Endorsement Signed, 3.5" x 3". In full, "Head Qr Whartons Div. Beech Grove, June 17, 1863 Respectfully forward for active & Proper Authorities John A. Wharton Brig Genl. [?]" Wharton, a skilled Confederate cavalry commander who was promoted to major general six months after this endorsement, was killed by Confederate Colonel George Baylor in Houston, Texas, in April 1865 over an old quarrel. The endorsement, excised from a larger document, is affixed to equal sized card stock. Fine.

Confederate General Louis T. Wigfall Autograph Letter Signed with Carte de Visite. One page, 8" x 6.25", March 21, 1861, Washington. The future Confederate States Senator from Texas sends this hasty directive to W. T. Walters, "Do not send the men. Haskell is on his way. Is there difficulty in keeping them? Am I needed? Answer immediately." A fire-eater, Louis Wigfall was expelled from the U.S. Senate earlier in March for his boisterous advocacy of the Southern cause. Even though he was no longer in the senate (Texas had voted to secede on March 1), Wigfall remained in Washington to spy on Federal developments and procure weapons for Southern defense. The senator was later appointed brigadier general of the Texas Brigade. This letter has folds and minor wrinkles and stains. Fine condition. Posing for the CDV, Wigfall sits comfortably in a chair with his top hat in his left hand and cane in his right.

[Civil War] 4th United States Cavalry Document Archive featuring the military papers of Captain Clarence Mauck, dated 1861 through 1865. Organized by year, the archive contains monthly statements, disbursements, lists of provisions, reviews, receipts (for lodging, office supplies, "forage for 12 public horses", "Lodging the 4th Cav. Band", cavalry accoutrements, etc.), affidavits, enlistments, audits, promotion documents, special orders, Internal Revenue documents, military letters, lists of returned funds "belonging to Deserters", several blank military forms, and more.

One intriguing four-page personal letter, dated January 31, 1861, from Washington, is written by an unknown author to "My dear daughter"-possibly Helen, the future wife of Captain Mauck who married in the late 1860s. The author, likely a government official, wants his teenage daughter to come visit Washington, D.C., which was agitated on the expectation of Abraham Lincoln's inauguration in two months: "You speak of a visit to Washington, as though it would not be very prudent, or desirable at this particular time. Well, if things should quiet down and the apprehensions of the people become allayed, I shall certainly insist upon you Pa to bring you down." The author then reports on his recent visit to the White House: "I attended the President's Levee [reception] on Tuesday evening. It was a brilliant affair I assure you and enlivened with excellent music. . . . Among the company at the White-house, I observed Mr. & Mrs Gilmer. I think I will call on him in a few days." The levee was held at President James Buchanan's White House. "Mr. Gilmer" is likely a Congressman John A. Gilmer from North Carolina. In December 1860, Gilmer, a loyal Unionist, had been suggested to President-elect Lincoln to possibly fill a cabinet position, though he was never appointed.

The historically significant 4th U.S. Cavalry Regiment was established in 1855 in Missouri. Its first action was on a peacekeeping mission between the free-state and pro-slavery factions in Bleeding Kansas during the late 1850s. The regiment was Colonel Robert E. Lee's last Federal command before he resigned and accepted a position with the Confederacy. During the Civil War, the regiment fought in Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, and the Indian Territory. Following the war, it was sent to Texas with the task of protecting Anglo settlements against Indians in west-central Texas; it soon became one of the most active and effective units in Texas against Indians.

Captain Clarence Mauck (1839-1881) served in the 4th Cavalry Regiment throughout the Civil War and was wounded in a battle near Atlanta, Georgia. While he recuperated from his wounds, he served for a short time as a recruiter until he rejoined the regiment in March 1865. After the war, Mauck was stationed in Austin, Texas. All documents in the archive are in generally fine condition, though a small number have rodent damage. Prospective buyers are advised to view all items in the lot carefully prior to bidding.

Lot of 16 Confederate General Clipped Signatures including Henry Hopkins Sibley, 3.25" x 1.25", "H. H. Sibley"; Benjamin Franklin Cheatham, 2.5" x 2", "B. F. Cheatham"; William Carter Wickham, 3.25" x 1.5", "W C Wickham"; Alfred Moore Scales, 5.5" x 2.5", "A M Scales"; William Smith, 3.5" x 1.25", "Wm Smith/ Brig & Major Genl/ C.S.A."; William Wirt Allen, 3.25" x 1.5", "Wm W. Allen"; James Longstreet, 4.25" x 2", "James Longstreet"; Lunsford Lindsay Lomax, 2.75" x .5", "L. L. Lomax"; Josiah Gorgas, 4.5" x 1", "J. Gorgas Brig. Gen/ Chief of Ord. C.S.A."; William Thompson Martin, 3.5" x 1.25", "Wm T. Martin/ Brig Genl/ C.S.A."; Beverly Holcombe Robertson war time clipped signature, 2.5" x .75", "B. H. Robertson"; Roswell Sabine Ripley war time clipped signature, "3.25" x 1.25", "R S Ripley/ Brig Genl./ Comdg"; George Washington Gordon, 4.25" x 2.25", "Geo. W. Gordon"; George Earl Maney, 2.25" x .75", "Geo Maney"; Richard Lee Turberville Beale, 5" x 1.25", "R L T Beale"; and Robert Houstoun Anderson, 3.25" x .75", "R. H. Anderson". All examples are in very good to fine condition, some with mounting remnants on the verso. The lot includes war time (noted) and post war signatures and are in the form of clipped signatures and autograph cards.

Lot of 9 Confederate General's Signatures including Gustavus Woodson Smith, one page post-war autograph letter signed "Gustavus W. Smith", fine; Felix Huston Robertson one page post-war autograph letter on his law firm letterhead signed "Felix H. Robertson", with the usual fold creases, else very good; Randall Lee Gibson document signed "Randall L. Gibson", very good; Nathan George Evans war time clipped signature signed "N G Evans/ Brig Genl/ Comdg", fine; Samuel Jones autograph note signed "Sam. Jones"; Alfred Eugene Jackson war time document signed "A E Jackson Brig Genl", with the usual fold creases else very good; John Daniel Imboden one page post-war autograph letter signed "J.D. Imboden/ ex. Brig. Genl. Cavalry/ C.S.A.", fine; James Thadeus Holtzclaw post-war autograph note signed "J.T. Holtzclaw", fine; and William Wing Loring one page pre-war autograph document signed "Wm Loring", very good.

Lot of 6 Confederate General's Signatures including Joseph Orville Shelby, one page post-war autograph letter on Missouri Pacific Railway Company letterhead signed "Jo O Shelby", some fading and closed tears in the creases, else very good; Matthew Duncan Ector, four-page autograph letter written shortly after the war with excellent content, signed "M. D. Ector", with the usual fold creases else very good; Henry Rootes Jackson one-page post-war autograph letter signed "Henry R. Jackson", fine condition; George Baird Hodge one-page, pre-war autograph letter signed "George B Hodge", fine; Gabriel Colvin Wharton post-war document signed "G. C. Wharton", fine; and Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox one-age, post-war autograph letter of recommendation for Col. Thomas Edelin, signed "C. M. Wilcox", with the usual fold creases and small closed tears, else very good.

Confederate Printings: Two Poems Printed by New Orleans Printer John Hopkins. One, "My Little Ned and I" (6" x 9.5"), mourns the death of a young slave playmate. In part:
My little playmate's dead and gone!
I gave him many a tear!
A merry little negro boy,
Just twelve years old this year.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
That long, long night we watched his death,
The dogs howled at the door,
The owls cried from the forest tree
A hundred times or more.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I am a school-boy now - and he-
An angel in the sky;
We'll no more play by night or day,
My little Ned and I.

Printed below the poem, "John Hopkins, printer, 823, Tchoupitoulas-St." Toned and in fine condition.

The other six stanza poem, "The Merry Little Soldier" (5" x 11.5"), praises the Confederate cause. It reads in part:

I'm a merry little Soldier, Fearing neither wound nor scar,
When in battle, no one bolder
Valour is my leading star.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sons of the South! Sons of Freedom!
Draw your swords; raise high your shield;
Haste, for Confederate future safety,
Make the Black Republicans yield.

Printed below the poem, "John Hopkins, Printer, New Levee-st. 4th D." Irregular edges; very good condition.

Officers Pay Book Ledger for the Year 1841-1870 Including Civil War Generals. 334pp. 15.5" x 12.5". Book reads "Index to Officer's Pay / U.S. Army / 1841 to 1870" on the spine. Light cloth covered boards. Ledger pages read at top: "Index to Officer's Pay Accounts", listing 14 columns across, with the final columns listing "Remarks". The "Remarks" columns lists dates of retirement, resignations, deaths, and dismissals.

The pages reads like a "Who's Who" listing every famous United States officer from that time period who served in the Mexican War, the Civil War, and the Indian Wars. Officers who fought in the Civil War include: [for the Confederacy] Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, Robert E. Lee, Charles E. Lee, Francis Lee, Richard B. Lee, George Pickett, James Longstreet, Joseph E. Johnston, Jefferson Davis, Pierre Gustave Beauregard, John Bell Hood, and William Joseph Hardee, [for the Union] Ulysses S. Grant, George A. Custer, George B. McClellan, Philip Sheridan, William T. Sherman. Also lists the Mexican War service of future presidents Zachary Taylor and John Tyler; and the famed 7th Cavalry officers including Frederick Benteen, and Thomas W. Custer. Remarks for both George and Thomas custer read: "Killed 25 June '76".

The information contained indicates that this was an index used to manage the voluminous information maintained by the army in an effort to keep track of their records. Each name included lists dates of transfers, as well as book and page numbers in which additional information for the individual was recorded. Binding is solid, with light soiling to interior pages.

7th Iowa Cavalry Archive of Eight Letters with Indian Content Centered Around Enos Hammer, a member of the Cavalry and nephew of Captain Elisha Hammer, under whom he served. Enos enlisted in his uncle's regiment on March 2, 1863, and died of an unknown illness on July 17, 1864. The archive contains four letters from Enos to family members, two from Jabe S. Beals (a Hammer relation) to Enos' father Henry Hammer, one from Captain Elisha Hammer to his brother Henry Hammer, and one to Enos from his friend George Nicholl. Letters range in date from October 17, 1863 to August 12, 1864.

Enos' letters contain accounts of the movements of the regiment and his day-to-day activities. In his September 16th letter, he writes to his brother about a buffalo hunt (errors intact): "Yester day we seen fore buffa lows in about fore miles from camp. The boys was all a watching them when we seen another acoming full tilt towards the fort. It came about a qurter [mile] from the fort when we seen a man just before the buffalo like he was a running for life. He came up to some of the boys and told them to get some guns and shoot some buffalows. They struck for the stables on double quick... in the evening they came in with theire hosses loaded with buffalo hams."

In Enos' June 3rd letter to his father, penned when Enos was based in Topeka, he discusses the local Indian population: "Between here and Fort Riley the Country is principaly settled by Indians or halfbreeds. They have large farms and pretty good houses. It looked curious to [see] Indians plowing corn." He also mentions that he has "got a big bile [boil] on my face and it is as big again as it ought to be." The next letter in chronology comes from Jabe Beals to Enos' father Henry, and notes that Enos is quite ill; the following letter in chronology, from Captain Elisha Hammer to his brother Henry, was penned just hours before Enos passed away and echoes Jabe's worry that Enos will not recover. The final letter in the archive, from Jabe Beals to Enos' father Henry, confirms that Enos has passed away, and discusses Enos' last fretful hours. All letters are age toned, with minor to moderate fold separations and wear. Generally very good condition.

The 7th Iowa Cavalry was organized at Camp Hendershott, Davenport, in mid-1863, and ordered to duty against the Indians in the Nebraska, Dakota, Colorado, and Kansas regions.

George Washington Autograph Letter Signed "G Washington" as President with Autograph Address Leaf Free Franked "President U.S.". One page (with integral address leaf), 7.375" x 9", Mount Vernon, October 17, 1796, to Edward Carrington. Washington sends regrets having not received Carrington's recommendation for Surveyor General before nominating Rufus Putnam, and assures him that he continues to value his advice on appointments. It reads, in full:

"Mount Vernon 17th Oct 1796

Dear Sir,
Your favor of the 10th instant/ has been received. __ Since the refusal by General Wood of the office of Surveyor Genl, it has been offered to General Rufus Putnam, whom it is presumed will accept it.__

I do not recollect that Colo. Heths name was ever presented to me for this office. If it had, and any assurance could have been given of his scientific qualifications, he would have been an eligable [sic] character in my estimation.

As it has always been my aim to fill Offices with the most suitable characters I could obtain, the aid of my friends to accomplish this desirable object, has (where characters were unknown to me) always been required;__ and the opinion of no one has been more acceptable than yours._

With very great esteem & regard,
I am__ Dear Sir
Yr. obedt. & affecte. Servt
G Washington

Colo. Edwd. Carrington"

Edward Carrington (1748-1810) was a lieutenant colonel in the Revolutionary War and served as a delegate from Virginia in the Continental Congress from 1786-1788. George Washington appointed him the first U.S. Marshall for Virginia, a position he held from 1789-1791. It is known that Washington often sought Carrington's advice in the areas of Virginia politics as well as his opinions on various Cabinet post candidates. Interestingly, Carrington was the foreman of the jury in 1807 when Aaron Burr was tried (and acquitted) for treason.

An excellent displayable document from Washington's final months as president, demonstrating his commitment to the ideal of meritocracy. One of Washington's foremost concerns was to open up executive offices to people of talent and ability, no matter their wealth or station of birth, unlike the British system, which still rewarded candidates with noble connections. Appears as very fine with professional conservation and some restoration to free frank leaf. Not published in The Writings of George Washington.

George Washington Society of the Cincinnati Membership Certificate Signed "G. Washington"; countersigned by Henry Knox ("H Knox") as secretary of the society. One page, 20.75" x 14.5", December 10, 1785, Mount Vernon, Virginia. This document announces "John F. Hamtramck, Esquire Captain in the late 2nd New York Regiment" as a member of the select society. A patriotic organization with strict entrance rules, the Society of the Cincinnati only allowed entrance to officers from the Continental and French armies who had served three years, or were officed at the time of the war's end. After that, membership was passed down to the eldest son. Washington was the society's first president and Knox, who likely originated the concept of the society, was its first secretary. The society took its name from the Roman farmer Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus, who secured complete control of Rome during an emergency; once that emergency was over, Cincinnatus returned control to the Roman Senate and went back to his farm. The motto of the society reflects this tradition, "He gave up everything to serve the Republic." Capt. Hamtramck, noted as a disciplinarian, continued to serve following the Revolutionary War, winning distinction for his victory against the Miami Indian tribe in 1794. This certificate is browned and foxed. It is affixed to a stiff paperboard backing of equal size to the certificate. Both signatures have faded. Fair condition.

George Washington Three-Language Ship's Papers Signed "G: Washington" as the first president and countersigned by Thomas Jefferson ("Th. Jefferson") as secretary of state. One page partly printed, 12.75" x 16.25", July 22, 1794, no place is given, but Philadelphia was used as the United States' temporary capital in the 1790s. These ship's papers state that "leave and permission, are hereby given to Daniel Young master or commander of the Schooner called the American Eagle. . . in the port of Edenton [North Carolina], bound for St. Bartholomew [French West Indies], and laden with Corn, Pease, Pork, Lard, Oars, Hand spikes and shingles." The text is in three languages separated as columns; from left to right: French, English, and Dutch.

This document was signed by Washington three years before the end of his second and final term as president. His signature is beautifully signed, large, and in the center of the document; however, it is affected by bleedthrough and inkburn from the verso. Jefferson's signature rests below the president's. Document bears a large embossed paper U.S. seal along the left border. Browned and silked. Several small holes exist in the French text. Small amounts of the document are missing from the upper and lower margins. Small nicks along left edge; with weak folds. Fair condition.

[George Washington's Death] President John Adams and Major General Alexander Hamilton: Period Manuscript Copy of Orders Regarding the Death of George Washington and the Military's Funeral Arrangements for their "Patron and Father." Four pages, 8" x 12.75", blank laid paper with "1802" watermark (likely the approximate date of origin), the date and location listed as December 21, 1799, Philadelphia at top of page one, and December 24, 1799, New York at the end of page four, "signed" by William North (adjutant general of the army) at the close. The docketing on page four reads "General Hambleton [sic]/ Orders for the Funeral/ of G_ Washington" in the holograph of Henry Burbeck, a longtime associate and confidant of Washington's, and among whose papers this document was discovered. A rare and important manuscript true copy in an unknown hand of the early official orders regarding the death of George Washington; it forwards President John Adams' message relating the death to the army and details the Senior Officer of the U.S. Army Alexander Hamilton's orders of funeral honors for its late general and chief. Original folds, light toning, fine condition in a very clear and legible script.

The document begins: "Major General Hamilton has received through/ the Secretary of War the following/ Order,/ From the President of the United States. 'The President, with deep regret, announces to the/ Army the Death of its beloved Chief __ General/ George Washington; sharing in the grief which every/ heart must feel, for so heavy an afflicting a public loss,/ and desirous to express his high sense of the vast debt/ of gratitude, which is due to the virtues, talents, and/ ever memorable Services of the illustrious deceased, he di-/ rects that funeral Honors be paid to him at all the Mi-/ litary Stations, and that the Officers of the Army and of/ the Several Corps of Volunteers, wear crape on the left Arm,/ by way of mourning for six months. _ Major General Hamilton/ will give the necessary orders for carrying into effect the fore-/ going directions.'___"

Following this presidential decree, Major General Alexander Hamilton sums up the great sorrow felt by the nation but especially by the army due to their special bond with the fallen leader: "The impressive terms in which this great National Cala-/mity is announced by the President, could/ receive no new/ force from any thing that might be added: the voice of praise/ would in vain endeavor, to exalt a Character, unrivaled on/ the lists of true glory: Words would in vain attempt to/ give exception, to that profound & reverential Grief, which/ will penetrate every American bosom, and engage the/ sympathy of an admiring World. If the sad priviledge [sic]/ of pre-eminence in sorrow, may justly be claimed by the/ Companions in Arms, of our lamented Chief, their affections/ will spontaneously perform the dear, tho' painful duty. _Tis/ only for me to mingle my tears with those of my fellow Soldiers, cher-/ ishing with them, the precious recollection, that while others are/ paying a merited tribute to 'the man of the Age['], we in par-/ ticular allied as we were to him by a closer tie, are called/ to mourn the irreparable loss, of a kind and venerated Patron/ and Father. __" He goes on to deliver detailed directives regarding the solemn funeral ceremonies, closing with particular instructions to three officers: "Brigadier General McPherson is charged to super-/ intend the Ceremonial in the City of Philadelphia. Major/ Tousard will attend to Fort Mifflin, and will co-operate/ with him. __ The day of Performing the Ceremonial/ at each Station, is left to the particular Commander.__/ Major General Pinckney will make such further/ arrangements within his District as he shall deem ex-/ pedient."

At the death of Washington on December 14, 1799, Hamilton became the official Senior Officer of the United States Army, a post he held until June 15, 1800. He had served as Washington's de facto Chief of Staff during the Revolutionary War and it was at Washington's strong recommendation that Adams reluctantly appointed Hamilton to this high rank.

Actually, George Washington had already been buried at Mount Vernon before these orders were even issued. December 26, 1799, was the day chosen for the official national funeral, taking place at Philadelphia, the nation's capital. Congress selected Washington's close friend, Virginia Congressman Henry "Light-Horse Harry" Lee to deliver the eulogy on behalf of the nation. His words will forever be associated with the father of our country: "First in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen..."

Henry Burbeck (1754-1848), born in Boston, served in the United States Army for forty years, achieving the rank of brigadier general. Prior to his military service he worked with Paul Revere at the coppersmith's forge. When the Battle of Lexington broke out, Burbeck joined his father at Cambridge where they made ammunition for and fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill. His commission was signed by General Joseph Warren on May 19, 1775, and Burbeck was assigned as a lieutenant of artillery to the Massachusetts Line commanded by Colonel Richard Gridley. In 1777, he was assigned to George Washington's army, fighting in the Battles of Brandywine and Germantown. In command of a company of the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment, Burbeck marched with General Washington and his men from Valley Forge to New Jersey in 1778. Afterwards, he fought in the Battle of Monmouth and later commanded the troops that took over New York from British on November 25, 1783. Burbeck knew George Washington personally from their service together and it was from his associations with foreign officers in the American Revolution that he recognized the need to educate and train the army in artillery and engineering. To that end, Burbeck recommended the establishment of a military training academy at West Point and served as post commander there from 1787 to 1790. When the school burned down in 1796, no action was taken to rebuild it. One of the last earthly acts of George Washington in 1799 was to write a letter to Alexander Hamilton endorsing the establishment of a military academy at West Point. President John Adams, a proponent of a strong navy, didn't act upon the recommendation and it wasn't until Thomas Jefferson became president that West Point was formally established in 1802. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

[George Washington] Broadside Act Regulating Military Establishment, annotated and twice signed by James Wilkinson. Three and one-half pages, 8" x 13", November 3, 1794, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: "Third Congress of the United States: at the Second Session. . . . An ACT for continuing and regulating the military establishment of the United States, and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed on that subject." This early and important congressional act contains fifteen sections regarding such topics as the artillery, military ranks, the cavalry, officers, soldier pay ("a major general, one hundred and sixty-six dollars . . . Privates, four dollars"), rations, disability payments for the wounded, the soldier's "oath or affirmation", presidential powers ("It shall be lawful for the President of the United States to arm the troops aforesaid . . . as he shall think proper"), and punishments for civilians who aid deserters. This broadside concludes with the printed names of "Go: Washington, President of the United States"; "Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, Speaker of the House of Representatives"; and "Henry Tazewell, President of the Senate, pro tempore."

Serving as a recently promoted brigadier general on the Ohio frontier, Revolutionary War veteran James Wilkinson annotates (with two signatures) section twelve of this copy of the act (section twelve provides forage amounts for members of the military). His annotation reads, "This section in my construction of it gives six Dollars forage money to Regt. Q[uarter] Msr., but does not provide for those belonging to Battallions. Ja. Wilkinson B[rigadier] G[eneral]: The same section provides the same sum to the pay:masters. Ja Wilkinson B. G." Wilkinson was twice forced to resign during the Revolutionary War (firstly for charges of opposition to General Washington and secondly for charges of corruption). He was also later accused of involvement in other conspiracies, including Aaron Burr's conspiracy to set up a new nation in the . Toned with light foxing and soiling. Some separation along the folds. Fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

[George Washington - Mount Vernon] Partly Printed Certificate of Freedom for Norman Washington, a Black man born in Mount Vernon about 1784 and residing in New York City. Document Signed "Charles Dickinson" as Alderman of the City of New-York, one page, 7.75" x 6.5". New York City, April 24, 1811. In part: "That on this day Norman Washington Residing in the said city a Black man exhibited proof before me, reduced to writing, of the freedom of him the said Norman and being satisfied with such proof, I am of opinion, and do adjudge that the said Norman is free according to the laws of this state, and I Do Further Certify, that the said Norman is a person about five feet seven inches high, has dark eyes & dark Hair, that he is about the age of Twenty Seven years, that he was born at Mount Vernon in the State of Virginia and that he was born free in or before as nearly as the same can be ascertained." This document is the certificate of freedom, signed by a Judge, which Norman Washington, "a Black man ... born free ... as nearly as the same can be ascertained," was required to present to vote at an election in New York City. Nicks at edges of fold; reinforced at mid-horizontal fold. Light browning at edges and fold. On watermarked laid paper. Fine condition.
According to MountVernon.org George Washington became a slave owner upon the death of his father died in 1743. He inherited ten slaves and 500 acres of land. Eleven years later he began farming Mount Vernon, at the age of 22, he had a work force of about 36 slaves, and by 1799, when George Washington died, there were more than 300 slaves on the estate. According to this document, Norman Washington was "about the age of Twenty Seven years" which means he was born at Mount Vernon about 1784, a year after Washington arrived to resume his personal affairs at the close of the Revolutionary War. Mount Vernon records show that there were free blacks who worked for the Washington family during the 18th century. Norman Washington may have been the son of a freed slave who gave him the last name of her employer.

John Adams Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 7.5" x 9.125", paper watermarked "J. Honig & Zoonen", Auteuil [France], May 19, 1785, to Parisian bankers Messieurs Van den Yvers, a request for them to arrange payment for medals and swords by drawing on the Dutch banking consortium that was managing the Netherlands' loan to the United States. The Continental Congress delegated John Adams and Thomas Jefferson to assist Colonel David Humphreys in the task of procuring the first Congressional Gold Medals and presentation swords, to be expertly crafted in France. Adams writes this letter from the Paris suburb of Auteuil just weeks before sailing to London to begin service as the first U.S. Minister to Great Britain. It reads, in full: "This is to request you, to pay to Coll David Humphreys Secretary of Legation of the United States, upon the orders of his Excellency Thomas Jefferson Esqr, Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America to the Court of Versailles a sum not exceeding one Thousand Pounds Sterling, to pay for certain Medals and Swords awarded by Congress to the Generals Washington, Gates and Green and other officers in Commemoration of Great Events, and charge the same to Messieurs Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholas and Jacob Vanstaphorst, and De la Lande & Fynje of Amsterdam to be by them charged to the United States of America." Light horizontal folds, very clear and legible writing, overall very fine.

Congress had voted to award six Gold Medals during the Revolutionary War, the first to George Washington on March 25, 1776, for his "wise and spirited conduct in the siege and acquisition of Boston." Horatio Gates was honored for his triumph at Saratoga, compelling Burgoyne to surrender his army on October 17, 1777. Nathanael Greene's medal commemorated his victory at the Battle of Eutaw Springs on September 8, 1781.

The same day that Adams wrote this letter, he also wrote to Thomas Jefferson informing him that: "Messieurs Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholas and Jacob Vanstaphorst and De la Lande and Fynje of Amsterdam, have lodged in the Hands of Messrs Van den Yvers, Bankers in Paris, one Thousand Pounds Sterling for the Purpose of paying for certain Medals and Swords, which Coll Humphreys has orders to cause to be made for the United States. This is therefore to authorize and to request you, to draw upon Messrs Van den Yvers, in favour of Coll Humphreys, for Cash to pay for those Medals & swords as they shall be made, not to exceed however the Said Sum of one Thousand Pounds Sterling." On February 20, 1787, Jefferson wrote Adams from Paris, requesting an additional line of credit to complete the costly medals.

Colonel Humphreys asked the aid of the French Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres in the composition of the designs. A "who's who" of legendary French engravers participated in the execution of this first group of medals. Parisian artist Pierre Duvivier struck the first Congressional Gold Medal (now owned by the Boston Public Library) in 1789. On one side is an image based on the famous bust by Jean Houdon, with a Latin inscription for "The American Congress to George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of its armies, the assertors of freedom." The other side shows a mounted Washington overlooking Boston Harbor. Augustin Dupré designed the Greene, the John Paul Jones, and others; Nicolas Marie Gatteaux was responsible for the Gates medal.

Jefferson returned from France in 1789 to become the nation's first secretary of state. He presented Washington with his Gold Medal on March 21, 1790 (fourteen years after it was awarded). Adams returned in the same year to serve as the first vice president.

Thomas Jefferson Document Printed Signed as Secretary of State. One page, 7.25" x 10", New York, August 10, 1790. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson affixed his handsome signature to this Act which provided funds to complete what is known today as the Portland Head Light.

In part: "... An Act authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to finish the Light House, on Portland-Head, in the District of Maine. / Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be appropriated and paid out of the monies arising from the duties on imports and tonnage, a sum not exceeding fifteen hundred dollars, for the purpose of finishing the light-house on Portland-head in the District of Maine: and that the Secretary of the Treasury, under the directions of the President of the United States, be authorized to cause the said light-house to be finished and completed accordingly."
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Signed in type by George Washington as President, John Adams as Vice President, and
Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg as Speaker of the House of Representatives. With a bold holographic signature at bottom: "Th:Jefferson."

In 1787, while Maine was still part of the state of Massachusetts, George Washington hired two Portland masons, Jonathan Bryant and John Nichols, to oversee the construction of a lighthouse on Portland Head. Washington gave the masons four years to build the tower, and reminded them that the colonial government was poor and that the materials used to build the lighthouse should be taken from the fields and shores.

While it was under construction, the federal government was formed (1789) and funding for the lighthouse was put on hold while new procedures and protocols were established. At last, with this act, the final necessary funds were approved, and the lighthouse was completed on January 10, 1791.

Various changes were made to the structure through the years, but by the outbreak of the Civil War, raids on shipping in and out of Portland Harbor had become commonplace. Because of the necessity for ships at sea to sight Portland Head Light as soon as possible, the tower was raised eight feet. Integral page detached; document remains in near fine condition and features an impressive and attractive signature. Ideal for display.

James Madison Signed Scallop Top Ship's Passport for the "Brig Fox of New York". Large vellum sheet, 10" x 15.5", May 25, 1810; countersigned by Secretary of State Robert Smith. The brig Fox is commanded by James Goodday and is armed with eight guns. Light soiling throughout, with two engravings at top and intact blind embossed seal alongside signatures at bottom. Handsome presentation and ideal for display. Small paper tab affixed at top placed by a previous collector would remove easily with simple restoration.

James Madison Ship's Papers Signed as President. One page, endorsed on verso, 11" x 16", May 21, 1805, [Washington, D.C.], partially printed on vellum, with the original embossed seal. The papers are for the 270 9/95th ton ship, the Columbine. Countersigned by Secretary of State Robert Smith and Customs Collector for the Port of New York Thomas Gelston. Wave cut at top and slight paper loss at folds, else, very good.

James Madison Letter Signed as United States Secretary of State. Two pages including integral address leaf, 8" x 10", "Dep. Of State, March 26th, 1802." In his role as Secretary of State, Mr. Madison sent this letter to William Barton of Lancaster PA, an attorney, scholar, and the co-designer of the Great Seal of the United States.

Secretary of State Madison requests that Barton and two other lawyers (Andrew Graffano and George Dufield) serve as referees "to determine upon the interfering claims to a patent for a machine for cleaning clover feed." He continues: "You will be pleased to inform me of our determination to act as such, or not. The necessary documents in the case are herewith sent to you...."

Given the history of mechanical threshers, we can assume that the patent claims discussed here were for devices based upon the first mechanized threshers invented by Scotsman Andrew Meikle. It wasn't until the 1820s-30s that American inventors began receiving patents to develop and produce functional threshers. It is unclear whether William Barton accepted the position offered by the Secretary of State. Letter is moderately age toned; portion of integral address leaf is missing (does not affect address). Fine condition.

James Monroe Letter Signed "Jas. Monroe" as the secretary of state in President Madison's cabinet, one year before his own presidency began. One page, 7.75" x 8", February 28, 1816, "Dept. of State." Asking for help with the gathering of "Information required by the Resolution of the House of Representatives," Monroe advises his unknown recipient, "you will herewith received a copy [of the resolution], I must ask the favor of you to furnish it with such as you may be able to give, upon the subjects therein referred to; and if it be convenient to you, in the execution of the Commission with which you are thus troubled, to present the Result in the Currency, & in the weights & measures of the United States, the more acceptable it will be." Affixed to a slightly larger cardboard backing. Toned paper; fine.

James Monroe Presidential Command Signed "Jas. Monroe" as Secretary of State during the War of 1812. One page, 8" x 10.25", August 28, 1812, "Washington City". This presidential command, ordering that commercial vessels were not to be obstructed, is headed by "Additional Instruction to the public and private armed vessels of the United States." The document reads in full: "The public and private armed vessels of the United States are not to interrupt any vessels belonging to citizens of the United States coming from British ports to the United States laden with British merchandize, in consequence of the alleged repeal of the British Orders of Council, but are on the contrary to give aid and assistance to the same; in order that such vessels and their cargoes may be dealt with on their arrival as may be decided by the competent authorities." Secretary of State Monroe has signed "By command of the President of the United States of America [James Madison]."

The British Orders of Council, passed in 1807, were meant to impede French trade, which it successfully did, but it also harmed American commerce which had led, earlier in June, to the outbreak of the War of 1812. As part of an unfortunate series of events exacerbated by slow-moving communications between the American and British governments, the U.S. declared war on England on June 18, two days after the British Orders were - unbeknownst to the Americans - suspended. Throughout the next several months, both sides moved cautiously, unsure of what actions the other had taken. This presidential command, issued during that cautious period, was signed by Secretary of State Monroe only sixteen days after President Madison had received news that the British government had repealed the Order. Monroe's bold signature has slightly blossomed, causing weakness and separation through the signature. Overall fine condition.

John Quincy Adams Portrait Engraving Signed. This N[athaniel] Dearborn engraving features the half-bust of the sixth president within an ornamental frame. Below the caption, which reads "John Quincy Adams/ 6th President of the U.S. of America", is a facsimile signature. The president's signature, "John Quincy Adams", is boldly written above the engraving. On the verso, T. Jones Yerke has written that President Adams "wrote his name here on July 11, 1842 being on that day 75 years old." Adams was the first president to be photographed, though that image was taken after he had left office and after the dating of this engraving. He is also, likely, the first president to sign any likeness (no signed photograph of Adams is known to exist), making this signed engraving of the sixth president rare and desirable. Some soiling, mostly along the margins.

Louisa Adams Autograph Letter Signed ("L. C. A.") with a John Quincy Adams Free Frank ("J. Q. Adams"). One page. The address panel, on the verso of the letter, contains Adams' free frank above a red-stamped "FREE". The letter is postmarked "City of Washington May 14" and "New Orleans La. June 23." The letter reads in full: "Mary and I send all sorts of good wishes my Dear Robert and a most ardent desire to see you released from the tiresome bondage of your present service. Give our love to Thomas and tell we expect his mother and Sister Angier to pay us a visit. All are well here and as impatient to you [see] both as your Aunt." Some complete fold separations affect the text, though not the signatures. Minor staining and some small tears to the edges. The letter is in good condition.

[John Quincy Adams] Printed Circular in Defense of President Adams. One page, 8" x 9.5", March 14, 1829, Boston, entitled "Central Committee Circular" with the printed names of the nine members of the committee "appointed by the National Republican Convention of the Legislature." The circular was sent to "County Committees and their friends generally in reference to the approaching Elections." The circular was issued only ten days after President Adams left office after losing decisively to Andrew Jackson. The campaigning had been full of personal attacks from the press, causing hard feelings between Adams and Jackson (Adams refused to attend Jackson's inauguration). This circular contains three points and a conclusion, which urges the County Committees "to see that the National Republicans do preserve an unquestionable ascendancy in the two houses of the Legislature." Slightly uneven toning; fine.

Andrew Jackson Autograph Letter Signed in the Third Person within the text. One page, 7.5" x 10", "Washington City", January 18, 1833. Jackson writes: "The President with his respects, to Genl McColla, Marshall of Ky. and, not having the pleasure of seeing him..., asks the Genl to have the goodness to forward the enclosed to Gov. Breathitt..." Uneven toning at margins, with a few small chips primarily at folds.
Governor John Breathitt of Kentucky was a strong Jackson supporter, and originally curried favor in his home state for his position against South Carolina's actions during the Nullification Crisis. Breathitt used his political position to forward Jackson's policies in both banking and land usage. His brother George at one time, served as Jackson's personal secretary.

William Henry Harrison Partly Printed Document Signed as Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas. Two pages, penned on recto and verso, 8" x 12.75", Hamilton County, Ohio, June 16, 1836. Partly printed legal form documents Zenos Bronson's sale of several hundred acres of land to David Bolles of Cincinnati.

William Henry Harrison spent a lifetime serving his country in many roles (chronologically): military service in the Revolutionary War, 2nd Secretary of Northwest Territory, Congressional Delegate from the Northwest Territory, 1st Governor of Indiana Territory, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio's 1st district, Ohio State Senator, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Military Affairs, US Senator from Ohio, and 2nd United States Minister to Colombia. By 1829, he finally returned to private life on his farm in North Bend, Ohio, but continued to serve his community by working as a county recorder, clerk of the county court, and president of the county agricultural society. However, by 1836, Harrison was anxious to return to politics, running successfully as the Whig party candidate for the presidency.

While waging that political campaign, Harrison continued to act as the clerk for the county Court of Common Pleas, affixing his bold signature ("W.H. Harrison Clerk") to this document in that capacity. Embossed seal at center left. Document is age toned and bears a moderate stain at lower center which does not affect signature. Heavy creases. Near fine condition.

John Tyler Autograph Note Signed "J. Tyler". One page, 4.5" x 3.5", n.p., n.d. Asking for copies to be made of a letter, Tyler writes in full, "Will Mr. Forwood [?] have four copies of this letter made and send them to me with the original as soon as done." Toned and in fine condition.

John Tyler Partial Document Signed as President. Partly printed on page one of four integral pages, 8" x 8", Washington, December 30, 1844, directing "the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United Stated to the remission of the fine, and penalties incurred by John B. Colby, master of the Barque 'Pomona' upon the conditions mentioned." John Tyler became the tenth president--the first via succession--upon the untimely death of President William Henry Harrison, the shortest serving president. Document has been trimmed at the top and has some age-toning at edges. Boldly signed, and near fine condition.

James K. Polk Book Signed. The book is from the eleventh president's personal library and is signed on the title page. Register of Debates in Congress Comprising the Leading Debates and Incidents on the Second Session of the Twentieth Congress. Volume V. Washington: Gales and Seaton, 1830. First edition. 8vo. 391 pp. Publisher's full calf is rubbed and worn. Foxing to endpapers. Pages are toned with scattered foxing throughout. Dampstaining toward spine edge affecting lower one-quarter of binding and preliminary pages front and rear. Overall, a good copy.

The book is accompanied by a Tennessee Historical Society letter (signed by Ann Toplovich, Executive Director, December 4, 1992) stating that this volume was "once from the library of Polk" and has been "deaccessioned from the holdings of the Tennessee Historical Society."

Zachary Taylor Whiskey Request Signed "Z. Taylor - Comdr." One page, 7.5" x 4", July 1, 1833, "Fort Crawford, M T [Michigan Territory]". With his crude yet bold signature, Taylor, known as "Old Rough and Ready" for his willingness to share the rigor of the common soldier's life, authorizes this request for "extra whiskey" for thirty-eight of his soldiers and prisoners "on Fatigue". The document reads in part, "Return for extra whiskey for Men on extra duty and Fatigue and Prisoners on Fatigue at Fort Crawford. . . . No. of Men, 38. No of Days 1. No of Gills 38." Toned with a smoothed central fold. Light stains and foxing. Fine.

On the verso of the request is a list of the ranks and last names of the thirty-eight hardworking men privileged with the surplus spirits. Twenty-two are listed on "Extra Duty", "8 to the Lime Kiln", and "8 Prisoners". These men, under the command of Colonel Taylor, are likely veterans of the Black Hawk War (Chief Black Hawk surrendered to Taylor at Fort Crawford in 1832). Near this time while Taylor was the fort's commander, one of his lieutenants, Jefferson Davis, fell in love and, against Taylor's wishes, married his daughter Sarah.

Zachary Taylor Signature as President. Bold ink signature beneath a blind embossed paper seal. 4" x 4" (sight), elegantly matted and framed to an overall size of 9.5" x 15.75". Removed from a larger document, dated January 16, 1850. An elegant exemplar of Taylor's scarce signature as President.

Franklin Pierce Autograph Letter Twice Signed. One page, 8" x 10", January 10, 1833, Hillsborough, New Hampshire, to Alpheus Bigelow of Massachusetts concerning an affidavit. In part: "The inclosed affidavit was forwarded to the Department of War and returned because the certificate of the Justice that the deponent is a reputable person and that his statement as a witness is entitled to entire credit was wanting." Below Pierce's closing signature, he has written, "Please address to/ Franklin Pierce/ Hillsborough/ N.H." Two months after writing this letter, Pierce was sworn in as a congressman from New Hampshire. Some stains, foxing, and toning. Near fine.

Franklin Pierce Autograph Letter Signed as Senator from New Hampshire. Two pages including integral address leaf, penned on recto of first page only, 7.75" x 10", Concord, September 3, 1845. Interesting letter addressed to Judge Chandler Potter of Manchester NH, regarding the upcoming festivities in celebration of New Hampshire Governor Levi Woodbury having been named an Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court. Letter reads in part: "I am glad to see that Gov. Woodbury is to be at Candia on the 16th. It ought to be a real Meeting of the Masses... In 1840 there were committees appointed in different Towns... who exerted themselves to get up large companies to attend at places of rendezvous ... & then precluded to the place of meeting in procession... Will you not have a great procession from Manchester with a band of music?"

Judge Chandler E. Potter would later assume the editorship of The Farmer's Monthly and for two years wrote prolifically in its pages. Item bears moderate sun toning which indicates prior display resulting in minor fade to the ink. Professional restoration to chips along edges. Very good condition.

James Buchanan Carte de Visite Signed "James Buchanan/ 21 September 1866" in the lower border, 2.75" x 4". Backstamped, "Published by E. & H. T. Anthony/ 501 Broadway New York/ Manufacturers of the best Photographic Albums"; later notations have been handwritten on the verso. Buchanan, one of the earliest presidents to be photographed, sits in a distinguished pose for this half-bust photograph. This rare photograph of the fifteenth president is in fine condition.

James Buchanan Autograph Letter Signed as President James Polk's secretary of state. One page, 8" x 9.75", January 4, 1847, Washington. Requesting alcohol, the state secretary writes in full: "Should an opportunity offer I would be glad you would send me three dozen of your old brandy. Perhaps W. Wm. B. Fordner may be coming to Washington this week. If so, he might bring one dozen along for his own drinking." This request for alcohol was signed "in haste". The final "an" of Buchanan's bold signature has been slightly smeared. Age-toned. Fine.

James Buchanan Four-Language Ship's Papers Signed and countersigned by Secretary of State Lewis Cass. One partly-printed page, 22" x 17", October 4, 1858. The document, printed in French, Spanish, English, and Dutch, authorizes passage for J. S. Dormau, "master or commander of the . . . Balaena", then "in the port of New Bedford, bound for Pacific Ocean and laden with Provisions, Stores, and utensils for a whaling voyage." Two blind-embossed seals are intact along the left margin, along with a large paper seal along the lower edge. The document is age-toned with folds. Fine.

Abraham Lincoln Naval Appointment Signed "Abraham Lincoln". One vellum page, 15.5" x 19.5", Washington, May 18, 1864, and countersigned by Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles. The document appoints Michael Bradley "an Assistant Surgeon in the Navy." Welles' signature has faded. Affixed with an orange U. S. Navy seal at lower margin, with handsome engraved maritime vignettes. Slight separation at two fold intersections. Several small holes at top of document around the engraved eagle. With folds; fine condition.

[Abraham Lincoln] Perham Family Letters (Three) Regarding Lincoln's Assassination. (1) Aurestus S. Perham Autograph Letter Signed. Three pages, 7.75" x 10", April 15, 1865, "Head Qrs. Camp Barry DC." to his sister, Georgia Perham (both were the progeny of Congressman [and future Governor] Sidney Perham of Maine). In part: "At 1 a.m. this morning the adj: came to my window and informed me of the murder of the President. At 2 a.m. a note was sent to Gen. Tho. by 'Officer of the day' informing him of it. After some inquiries two Batteries were ordered to be harnessed and a strong guard at each Battery. Tonite a number of men from this camp[?] were at the Theatre last night and saw the whole affair. Until 9 a.m. we understood that the wound was not dangerous, at which time the new use reached eyes by the lowering of all the flags to half Mast. A man in the Adj. Office from Baltimore says that he lives very near the murderer, says that his Father was insane before him at first he could hardly believe it to be him." The author further informs his sister of the foiled plans of "a large number of men enlisted under several Officers" to slaughter the Confederate prisoners at the Old Capital Prison ("There is quite a feeling among the Soldiers toward these Rebel Deserters. They appear to have a great dislike for them"). The letter also reports that "the Presidents little boy (some 12 years) came out in his night cloaths [sic] and endeavored to go with the carriage saying that if 'Father was Dead he was going to see him.'"

(2) Sidney Perham Autograph Letter Signed to daughter Fannie. One page, 5" x 8", n.d. [ca. April 17, 1865]. The future governor of Maine writes, "We are all feeling sad, beyond the power of expression, at the news of the Presidents assassination." (3) On the verso, Perham's daughter writes "Sister Fan" in part, "Aint the news real bad they have got the flag draped in mourning and Kimbals[?] folks have got their flag out with black around it." All letters have folds and are in fine condition.

Abraham Lincoln Military Appointment Signed "Abraham Lincoln" and countersigned by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. One vellum page partly printed, 15.75" x 19", April 1, 1864, "City of Washington", with handsome engraved military and patriotic vignettes. The document appoints "John P. Macey . . . Second Lieutenant in the Tenth regiment of Infantry in the service of the United States." Macy, whose name has been misspelled on this appointment, enlisted as a private in 1858. He survived the Civil War, serving in the 10th Infantry, Army of the Potomac, and resigned as a captain in 1868. Department of War seal in top left. Fine.

Abraham Lincoln Autograph Endorsement Signed as president on November 25, 1861. Lincoln agrees to appoint William Keim brigadier general commanding four new Pennsylvania regiments. The president writes, "I know I have expected Gen. Keim, upon certain conditions, to be appointed a Brigadier General, but I do not remember particulars. If his case is now presented mature according to the understanding, let him be appointed./ A. Lincoln/ Nov. 25, 1861."

Lincoln's endorsement is one of three on the final page of four integral pages. The main letter is one page one-quarter pages in length (8" x 10", November 21, 1861) and is written on letterhead reading "Surveyor General's Office, State of Pennsylvania/ William H. Keim, Surveyor General/ Beverley R. Keim Chief Clerk" by William Keim to "Col. Thomas A. Scott/ Asst. Secretary of War." In this letter, Keim, Pennsylvania's Surveyor General from 1860-1862, asks Assistant Secretary of War Scott for a commission as a brigadier general. In part: "His Excellency Governor Andrew G. Curtin has desired me to communicate with the War Department and state that Four Regiments have been organized from 'unattached companies in the State and from new recruits'. . . . It is desirable that a commission should issue to me and the Brigade be organized, so that I can Exercise legal authority and prepare the Troops for active service. This would be in conformity with the wishes of the President and Secretary of War. . . . [signed] Wm Keim."

The first endorsement on the fourth page is signed "Thomas A. Scott/ Asst. Sec War" and dated November 23, 1861; it reads, "Genl. Keim has complied unto the Conditions imposed - will the President Authorize his apptmt as Brigadier Genl of Volunteers." Lincoln endorsement is next, followed by Scott's final endorsement, "Resfy[?] referred to Adjutant Genl for attention," dated November 26.

Before the Civil War, William H. Keim (1813-1862) had served Pennsylvania as a Republican congressman. Beginning in 1860, he was the state's surveyor general, but when the war broke out, he was commissioned a major-general and served for three months. When the Pennsylvania regiments mentioned in this letter were raised, Keim was, with President Lincoln's approval, promoted to their commander as a brigadier general. While taking part in the Peninsula Campaign, Keim died of typhus only seven months after this promotion. Toned with smoothed folds. Light foxing. Pages two and three bear mounting residue. Letter has been silked. Fine.

Included is a typed letter from Alice Morgan, "Secretary to Dr. Armand Hammer," one page, December 22, 1943, on "Dr. Armand Hammer" letterhead to Captain Joseph Paterson. The letter reads, "Dr. Hammer is now in Mexico, but he thought you might like to have the enclosed Lincoln item and asked me to send it to you with his compliments."

Abraham Lincoln Carte de Visite with Clipped Signature, "Abraham Lincoln" above a printed "By the President." 2.5" x 4". The clipped signature has been affixed below the image of the bearded president. Printed on verso, "Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries." Fine.

Mary Todd Lincoln Autograph Letter Signed with Carte de Visite and Elizabeth Keckley Book. The black-bordered letter (one page, 5" x 8", May 22. 1865, n.p.) was written only thirty-eight days after President Lincoln was assassinated and the very day Mrs. Lincoln left the White House for Chicago, making this one of the last letters she wrote from the White House. It is written to Elizabeth Keckley, a freedwoman who was also one of Mrs. Lincoln's closest friends. A successful seamstress, Mrs. Keckley first met Mrs. Lincoln in 1861. She was soon hired as the first lady's modiste. After the death of Willie Lincoln, Mrs. Keckley likely influenced Mrs. Lincoln to become a spiritualist seeking to speak to the dead. By the time the president was assassinated, the two ladies were very close and Mrs. Keckley was one of the few Mrs. Lincoln allowed to comfort her. Through this letter, Mrs. Lincoln asks [Lewis] Clephane to excuse Mrs. Keckley from "any liability"; in full: "Mrs. Keckley has been with me for two months past & has really nothing is poor. Please excuse her from any liability as she is really with nothing. Very respectfully/ Mary Lincoln" (the closing, signature, and date are written on the verso). Interestingly, in the first line of the letter, Mrs. Lincoln initially wrote "Liz", but then wrote "Mrs. Keckley" over it. At the top of the letter in another hand, likely Mr. Clephane's, is written in pencil "Mrs. President Lincoln/ May 22/65." The letter is slightly wrinkled with minor stains. One tear along top right edge. Fine condition.

President Lincoln had appointed Lewis Clephane, one of the Republican Party's founders, Deputy Postmaster of Washington in 1861 and, later in 1864, Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of Columbia. On the day Mrs. Lincoln wrote this letter, she, accompanied by her sons Robert and Tad and Mrs. Keckley, left the White House for Chicago. The sad event is recorded in Mrs. Keckley's book 1868 book, Behind the Scenes: Formerly a Slave, but more recently modiste, and friend to Mrs. Lincoln or, Thirty Years a Slave, and Four Years in the White House. A recent printing (Lakeside Classics, Chicago: The Lakeside Press, 1998, 312pp), is included in this lot. Also included is a CDV of the first lady wearing a flowing mourning dress while sitting in a chair, hands clasped. Both book and CDV are in fine condition.

[Abraham Lincoln] The Emancipation Proclamation: General Orders No. 1. Two pages, recto and verso, 5" x 7.5", n.p., January 1, 1863. Upon President Lincoln's command, General Orders No. 1 was issued to all military personnel, which proclaimed that " all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom."

Offered here is the first separate printing of the Proclamation, disseminated to all commanders in the field upon whom the responsibility fell for enforcement. Two punch holes along left edge, else very fine.

Andrew Johnson Autograph Letter Signed. One page (lined), 4" x 5", March 4, 1872, Greenville, Tennessee. The letter, written in pencil exactly three years after the president left office, reads, "I comply with your request with pleasure. I have the honor to be most respectfully/ Andrew Johnson." Fine condition.

Ulysses S. Grant Autograph Note written as president on a 3.75" x 2.25" card, n.d. [March 14, 1874], regarding the impending death of the First Lady's (Julia Dent Grant's) brother, Judge Lewis Dent. In pencil, President Grant informally requests that Secretary of the Navy George Robeson allow Baine Dent, Judge Dent's son and the president and first lady's nephew, to visit the deathbed of his father. In full, "Ask sec. of Navy to telegraph authority for Baine Dent to come to Washington today to remain until Thursday to see his father who is not expected to live many days." The judge died eight days later on March 22, 1874. Only four months earlier, Colonel Frederick Dent, the father of Julia and Lewis, had died. Some of the text is written on the verso, which exhibits small amounts of mounting adhesive residue. Fine.

Reference: John Y. Simon, ed., The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Volume 25 (Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967), 50.

Ulysses S. Grant Document Signed "U. S. Grant" as president and countersigned by Alphonso Taft as the secretary of the war. One vellum page partially printed, 14.5" x 18.5", Washington, D.C., March 13, 1876. This document appoints Stephen J. Mulhall "Second Lieutenant in the Fourteenth Regiment of Infantry" and is engraved with American military vignettes and affixed with a dark blue seal. Handsomely matted and framed to an overall size of 22" x 26". Portions of the lower left corner have been torn away; otherwise, in very good condition with a large presidential signature.

[Ulysses S. Grant] Executive Mansion Card, unsigned, 4.75" x 3". This is the earliest "Executive Mansion" card; it reads in the top right corner, "Executive Mansion/ Washington, ____ 18__." Executive Mansion cards are becoming more difficult to obtain. President Grant introduced them during his administration (1869-1877) as a quicker way to supply autograph seekers. Very few cards (possibly only two others) from the Grant administration are known to exist today, making this particular on rare and highly desirable. (After Teddy Roosevelt's administration, the cards read "White House" rather than "Executive Mansion.") The consignor obtained this early Executive Mansion card from Lone Star Autographs who disclose that the card came from the estate of General Frederick T. Dent (President Grant's brother-in-law). Very fine condition.

1870s Autograph Album bound in blue leather and measuring 4" x 2.75", likely begun during President Ulysses S. Grant's second term. Grant's signature appears on the first page, followed by that of his second Vice President Henry Wilson, and Cabinet Members William Belknap, William A. Richardson, Columbus Delano, Attorney General George Williams. Also signed by numerous elected official and notables from the period, including: Charles Sumner, Simon Cameron, John Logan, Oliver Otis Howard, and Benjamin Butler. A clipped signature by Frederick Douglass is pasted down towards the end of the book. More than 40 signatures. Tight binding with gilded title and edging.

Rutherford B. Hayes Autograph Letter Signed as President "R. B. Hayes". 4.5" x 2.75". On an Executive Mansion, Washington card, Washington, October 9, 1877, to William M. Evart, Secretary of State. President Hayes writes: "My Dear Sir:/ I wish to introduce to you/ Mr. Louis Blooget(?), a prominent Mer-/ chant of Philadelphia who wishes/ to converse as to the Brazilian trade./ Sincerely/ R. B. Hayes". Accompanied by the original transmittal envelope. Fine.

Rutherford B. Hayes Autograph Letter Signed as President. Two pages penned on first page recto only, on "Executive Mansion" letterhead, 4.5" x 6.75", Washington DC, May 8, 1878. President Hayes sends a personal thank you letter marked "Private" to R.I. McMechan in Seven Mile, Ohio. In full:" Dear Sir: Accept my thanks for your volume of poems & songs. The sentiments you express are highly appreciated. With great respect, sincerely, R.B. Hayes." Letter is age toned and bears a few areas of light soiling. Accompanied by the original transmittal envelope, which is heavily toned and moderately soiled. Envelope is also accomplished in Hayes' hand. Overall very good condition.

Rutherford B. Hayes Signature on a Partly Printed Order Sheet Requesting 100 Copies of William D. Kelley's Speech on Suffrage for Blacks in the District of Columbia. One page, 8.25" x 13.5", Washington, D.C., circa January 10, 1866. At top, the order sheet has been engrossed "Speech of William D. Kelley of the State of Pennsylvania, on Suffrage in the District of Columbia. Delivered in the U.S. House of Representatives Jany 10th, 1866." Kelley, Representative from Pennsylvania, introduced a bill at this 39th Session of Congress to secure suffrage for blacks living in the D.C. area, and this is likely the speech delivered introducing the legislation.

Kelley's signature, requesting 5000 copies, is the first listed. Hayes, in his second year as Congressman from Ohio, adds his signature further along in the first column requesting 100 copies. Other notable signers include Union General Nathaniel P. Banks, who orders 100 copies as a Congressman from Massachusetts; and Thaddeus Stevens, ordering 200 copies as Representative of Pennsylvania. Light soiling and period notations in pencil, otherwise very good.

James A. Garfield Autograph Note Signed as President. One page, 7.5" x 9.5", May 5, 1881, n.p., reading, "With the respects of James A. Garfield." This short note was written two months after Garfield was sworn in as the twentieth president, and four months before his assassination (Garfield was only the second U.S. president to be assassinated and he served the second shortest tenure in office). This rare Garfield presidential signature is written on lined paper and affixed to an image of the president. Very good.

Rare Lucretia Rudolf Garfield Autograph Letter Written Shortly After the Assassination of Her Husband Signed "Lucretia R. Garfield". One page. 5" x 8". Mentor, Ohio, October 4, 1881. Mrs. Garfield writes in part: "The parcel sent by you contg. the two copies of Miss Ingelow's poems & the "Religio Medici" is recd. It is very precious to me; likewise her letter...The last book I read during the last days of the President's illness was her "Fated to be Free". I read it to occupy the hours when I was not sitting beside him lest my own thoughts would overcome my hope & I laid the book down finished only a few hours before his spirit passed away. It startled me with a fear that the closing scene might be a prophecy. Alas! Alas!" . An intimate letter, written in reflection of her husband's recent death, with the usual fold creases, else fine.

Chester Arthur Postmaster Appointment and an 1861 Soldier's Prayer Book. Oversized DS, 17" x 14", City of Washington, March 13, 1883, appointing "Melvin B. Patchin... Postmaster at New London, in the County of Waupaca, State of Wisconsin..." Small separation at one of the center folds, uneven toning resulting from being stored folded. Appointment was originally obtained folded, stored in a small period leather portfolio accompanied by an 1861 prayer book, The Soldier's Pocket Book; 64pp., 3" x 4.5" (12mo.); Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication. Prayer book is inscribed "Soldier's" in period ink on the title page, and a notation in pencil on the front page identifies it as belonging to "MB Patchin / Cairo Ill Jany 1862". There is no listing for an MB Patchin in the Civil War database, so it is not possible to confirm that he served during the war. However, aged folds and sizing corroborate that the appointment was stored in the accompanying leather portfolio. Prayer book has some wear and dampstaining.

Grover Cleveland Photograph Signed, 4.25" x 6.5". This sepia portrait is boldly signed above the stamp of C. M. Bell of Washington, D.C. Foxing; fine condition.

Caroline Scott Harrison White House Engraving Signed, 4.75" x 3.5". Mrs. Harrison served as the nation's First Lady until her death in 1892, one year before the end of Benjamin Harrison's administration. Mounting residue on the verso. Fine.

William McKinley Manuscript Senate Resolution Signed as President. Three pages (two sheets), 10" x 13.5", City of Washington, November 23, 1900. Countersigned by John Hay as Secretary of State. Elegant manuscript executed in black and red calligraphy reads, in part: "In Article II insert, after 'larceny' provided that the value of the property or the amount of money so embezzled or stolen is not less than $200 or 420 sole." Text indicates that a duplicate copy of the amendment was sent to Lima, Peru. Near fine with ight showthrough on page three. Blind embossed seal is complete with a few spots of foxing at its perimeter.

Theodore Roosevelt Photograph Signed as President. A formal sepia toned portrait, image size 4" x 5.5" mounted to an overall size of 5.75" x 7.75", bearing photographer's imprint (C.M. Bell). Signed and dated "with regards of Theodore Roosevelt Dec. 20th 1904", on the mount. Image has some silvering and showthrough from verso, also single spot dampstaining on mount affecting a single letter of the holographic sentiment. Otherwise, photograph remains ideal for display and in very good condition.

Theodore Roosevelt Typed Letter Signed as President to Los Angeles Times Editor and Native American Activist Charles F. Lummis. Two Pages, 8" x 10" on White House letterhead, marked "Confidential", Oyster Bay, August 20, 1902, with one holograph emendation in his hand. A great content letter in which Roosevelt insists that Representative Francis G. Newlands had little to do with drafting or the passage of the act that bore his name.
Roosevelt writes: "One word confidentially. I do not like your paper to be used to boom Newlands, as in your last piece about irrigation. The bill is not the Newlands' bill at all. He had for instance, far less to do with preparing it than Senator Stewart of Nevada, or Congressman Mondell of Wyoming; and I consulted him far less than I did Senator Gibson of Montana and especially Senator Warren of Wyoming. Mr. Newlands had absolutely nothing to do with getting the bill through, but he has since industriously worked a newspaper bureau to give him credit. This bureau has gone so far as to publish fake interviews with the Secretary of Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture. The chief work that has been done was not by the western people at all. I had to devote myself to the easterners, and all that I had to do with Newlands was to make it evident that I would not back the extreme scheme with which he had been identified, the backing of which meant that nothing whatever would be accomplished. As soon as we got the westerners to agree upon a moderate bill, and could show that we were not going to do anything like what Mr. Newlands had originally proposed, then it only remained to bring the easterners in line, and that caused hard work, but we finally did it. I Write you thus at length because I have been convinced that Mr. Newlands had sought to exploit this bill for his own political purpose. Of course, treat this letter as entirely confidential and for your own information..."
The landmark legislation provided the federal support necessary for reclamation irrigation projects enabling settlement of the far west. This superb letter reveals the private intrigues behind the passage of this important and controversial legislation as well as Roosevelt's disdain for Newland, whom he considered an unworthy publicity-seeker.
Roosevelt supported the National Reclamation Act, also known as the Newlands Bill, which gave the federal government primary responsibility for dam construction and irrigation projects which created some of the most productive agricultural lands in the country. This letter is somewhat at odds with the account of the passage of the act by Newlands' biographer, William D. Rowley. According to Rowley, Newlands and Roosevelt gutted Senator Warren's version in an effort to make the act more similar to Newland's original proposal (Rowley, Reclaiming the Arid West: The Career of Francis G. Newlands, p. 102). However, several reviews of this biography observe that despite the title of the biography, Rowley devotes only a few pages to the issue of land reclamation, a fact which lends credence to Roosevelt's claim that Newlands had little to do with the legislation bearing his name. (see David Introcaso's review of Rowley in Western Historical Quarterly Vol. 27, No. 4, p. 525). Usual folds, light soiling, else very good to fine condition.

Theodore Roosevelt & William Howard Taft Document Signed. One page, 15.25" x 19.25", March 21, 1908, partially printed on vellum. The document is a commission naming Lawrence Campbell Ricker as a second lieutenant in the infantry. Ricker was a 1908 graduate of the United States Military Academy and served in the First World War. The commission, signed by Roosevelt as president and Taft as secretary of war, retains the embossed paper seal next to the trophy-of-arms at the bottom. Very fine.

Woodrow Wilson Signed Photograph "With the affectionate regard/ of Woodrow Wilson". 4" x 5.75". Signed in ink on the verso. Nice early head and shoulders portrait of Wilson with an autograph note on a card which has detached from the verso which reads: "An exact replica of this photo-/ graph is in the Class Album of/ 1900, a copy of which is in the Uni-/ versity Library. So presumable this/ photograph dates about that year." Mounting remnants on the verso though mostly not affecting the signature, photograph with small areas of foxing and some slight toning, else very good.

President Warren G. Harding and Florence Kling Harding Signed Engravings of the White House. Two different engraved images of the White House on heavy card stock are offered here, each measuring 6.5" x 4", n.p., n.d. One has been signed by President Harding "Warren G Harding" and bears faint soiling at edges. Card bears glue and paper traces on verso from having been mounted in an album. Near fine condition. The second card is inscribed and signed by the First Lady and reads: "To Adolf Schiff - With greetings and abiding faith in our America. Florence Kling Harding." Adolf Schiff was a German Jew who was deeply involved in resisting the relentless advance of Nazism and anti-Semitism in Germany in the run-up to World War II. Boldly signed and in fine condition.

President-Elect and Mrs. Warren G. Harding Photographs Signed. Two sepia images of President-Elect Harding and his wife, Florence Kling Harding. The photograph of Mr. Harding measures 4" x 5.75" and is signed: "Sincerely Yours Warren G Harding." Mrs. Harding's image measures 4.25" x 6" and is inscribed: "To Bertha Burnam - Every good wish of my heart goes out to you, Florence Kling Harding." Photographs are in exceptional condition and suitable for prominent display. Very fine.

Also included is a Typed Letter Signed "Florence Kling Harding," two pages on personal letterhead, 4.25" x 5.5", Marion OH, January 12, 1921. Florence Harding sends a kind letter to invalid Bertha Burnam in Cadiz, Kentucky. In part: "I am sending you some cards, a piture [sic], and a book called 'The Harding Book' which you will enjoy reading, as it tells of Mr. Harding when he was much younger than you are now. We are glad to know that your father and all of you are such staunch Republicans..." Accompanied by the lightly soiled transmittal envelope. Letter is boldly signed and in fine condition.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Photo Signed, together with photos signed of his vice president, the Speaker of the House, and many early members of his cabinet. Roosevelt's photo, 9.25" x 11.5", is signed, "for Phil Ferguson from his friend/ Franklin D. Roosevelt." (Congressman Ferguson represented Oklahoma from 1935 through 1941.) Also included is a photo signed by Vice President John N. Garner (dated January 24, 1936) and a photo signed by Speaker of the House Joseph W. Byrns Sr. (with dampstain in top right corner). The six photos signed of individual cabinet members include the following: Secretary of State Cordell Hull (dated January 27, 1936), Secretary of Navy Claude A. Swanson, Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace (future vice president), Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. (dated 1936), Secretary of War George H. Dern, and Secretary of Commerce Daniel C. Roper (dated January 24, 1934). All photos are near 9.25" x 11.5", many with short notes of sentiments to Congressman Ferguson. All are in fine condition.

Outstanding Eleanor Roosevelt World War II Collection: Photograph Signed, Typed Letter Signed, and Short Snorter.
Photograph Signed: In June 1942, the Air Corps Ferrying Command was reconstituted and renamed the Air Transport Command, with Colonel Cyrus Rowlett Smith as Executive Officer. In September of 1943, General Smith arranged a special visit to the Air Transport Command's Australia base by Eleanor Roosevelt, who traveled in a Red Cross uniform to help boost the morale of allied servicemen. While there, Mrs. Roosevelt posed for the terrific photograph offered in this lot: 10" x 8", black and white, n.p. [Archerfield Airfield, Brisbane], n.d. [September 13, 1942]. It features Mrs. Roosevelt posing with eight ATC officers in front of an ATC plane. Each individual depicted has added their signature at upper half of the image. Bold signatures; very fine condition.

Typed Letter Signed: One page, approximately 6" x 9", on glit-lettered "The White House" letterhead, Washington DC, November 5, 1943. Following her visit to Australia, Mrs. Roosevelt sent a brief letter to Mrs. George Durno, wife of one of the men in the photograph that is included in this lot. She writes: "Under separate cover I am sending you a souvenir of our trip to the Southwest Pacific. I deeply appreciate all that George did to make the journey comfortable and I thought you & he would like to have this memento [sic]. Sincerely yours, Eleanor Roosevelt." Note: the "& he" is Mrs. Roosevelt's holograph addition to the letter. Accompanied by original transmittal envelope with glue stains on verso. Fine condition.

Short Snorter Signed by Eleanor Roosevelt, Admiral William F. Halsey, General Robert Eichelberger and others who were in attendance at the Casablanca Conference. Comprised of 14 pieces of paper currency from various exotic locations, including Japan, Fiji, the Netherlands, Casablanca, Trinidad and Tobago, Brazil, New Zealand, Australia, China, and more. The bills have been taped together (although the old cello tape has failed in several cases) and each bill is signed by numerous military personnel as part of a drinking game that was popular during the Second World War Currency ranges in condition from very poor to good. The short snorter was pieced together by George Durno, who was then serving as President Roosevelt's press secretary.

Harry S. Truman Proclamation Signed "Harry S Truman" as President with Handwritten Sentiment. One page, 14.25" x 21.5" (sight), Washington, D.C., printed May 8, 1945. Following the end of the war in Europe, this multicolored lithograph proclaims "Sunday, May 13, 1945, to be a day of prayer." With a lengthy inscription and large signature in the lower left margin, the president, whose birthday was May 8, has written, "This was a happy birthday for me. I hope this will be a happy Christmas for you. To Hon. John R. Steelman and Mrs. Steelman. 12/25/45." Steelman served as the first assistant to the President of the United States (a position today known as the White House Chief of Staff) from 1946 through 1953.

The printed proclamation reads, in part: "...The Allied armies, through sacrifice and devotion and with God's help, have wrung from Germany a final and unconditional surrender. The western world has been freed of the evil forces which for five years and longer have imprisoned the bodies and broken the lives of millions upon millions of free-born men. They have violated their churches, destroyed their homes, corrupted their children, and murdered their loved ones. Our Armies of Liberation have restored freedom to these suffering peoples, whose spirit and will the oppressors could never enslave... For the triumph of spirit and of arms which we have won, and of its promise to peoples everywhere who join us in the love of freedom, it is fitting that we, as a nation, give thanks to Almighty God, Who has strengthened us and given us the victory. Now, therefore, I, Harry S. Truman, President of the United States of America, do hereby appoint Sunday, May 13, 1945 to be a day of prayer... In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed."

President Truman read this proclamation at a news conference held in his office at the White House at 8:35 A.M. on Tuesday, May 8, 1945. His wife and daughter, members of his Cabinet, high ranking United States and British Army and Navy officials, and Congressional leaders were grouped in chairs around the president's desk. Before reading the proclamation, President Truman said, "This is a solemn but glorious hour. General Eisenhower informs me that the forces of Germany have surrendered to the United Nations. The flags of freedom fly all over Europe. It's celebrating my birthday, too -- today, too." Reporters responded with shouts of "Happy Birthday, Mr. President." As he was reading the proclamation, he stopped after certain passages to comment. After "The victory won in the West must now be won in the East," he said, "I want that emphasized time after time, that we are only half through." After "the tyranny of military cliques that once called us soft and weak," Truman commented, "I would like to know what the Germans think about that now." After proclaiming the day of prayer, he added, "And it's exceedingly fitting that it is Mother's Day, too." This impressive proclamation is double-matted and framed under glass to an overall size of 22" x 29". Very fine condition.

Harry S. Truman Document Signed as President Appointing Warren R. Austin to the Third Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. Oversized document, 23" x 19", City of Washington, August 11, 1948. Warren Robinson Austin (1877-1962), Senator from Vermont, was a strong supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt's international policies. Upon the formation of the General Assembly of the United Nations, he would resign from office in July 1946 to accept President Truman's appointment as Ambassador. He would be the second person to ever serve as ambassador to the United Nations, preceded only by Acting Ambassador Herschel Johnson. We offer here, his third consecutive appointment to the Third Session of the General Assembly. Austin would continue as Ambassador to the U.N. until 1953. Also included:

Harry Truman Typed Letter Signed "Harry", one page on White House letterhead, 7" x 9", July 20, 1946. Truman thanks Austin for his letter and adds: "It was a pleasure to me to name you as the Senior Representative of the General Assembly of the United Nations." Dated just days after Austin's resignation as Senator from Vermont. Single horizontal fold, else fine.

Also included, are two original ink drawings (each approximately 14" x 22") by political cartoonist Tom Gray of The Chicago Times, depicting commentary on the challenges faced by the United Nations. One of the drawings is inscribed by Gray to Austin. Also included is a carbon copy of a letter from Austin to Gray, dated February 13, 1948, thanking Gray for the two cartoons and enclosing a copy of his address before the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations delivered December 17, 1947 (copy included). An important and attractive group, commemorating Truman's entry into world politics.

Harry S. Truman Two Volumes Signed and Inscribed. Memoirs of Harry S. Truman, Volume One and Two. New York: Doubleday & Company, 1955 and 1956. Special Kansas City edition limited to 20,615 copies. Volume one is inscribed by Truman on half-title page, "To Ben G. McGuire/ Kind regards/ from/ Harry Truman 9/12/59". Volume two is inscribed by Truman also on half-title page, "Best wishes to Ben G. McGuire/ from/ Harry Truman/ 9/12/59."Two 8vo volumes. 596, 594 pages. Publisher's full black cloth with blue and silver stamping on spines, and silver on front boards. Top edges stained green. Cloth is modestly rubbed with lower corners very softly bumped. Dust jackets are toned and rubbed with small chips and tears. Ben G. McGuire was a noted financier of numerous developments, including The Galleria, in the Houston area. A very good set.

Dwight D. Eisenhower Typed Letter Signed. Three pages, recto only, 7" x 10.5", on his personal gilt-embossed letterhead, Gettysburg PA, December 8, 1961. Headed "PERSONAL." Just ten months after leaving the Oval Office, Eisenhower remained deeply concerned and attentive to issues both domestic and foreign. He declines, however, to participate in discussions with the Senate Armed Services Committee regarding "muzzling" the military, and offers his own views on how best to deal with vocal and aggressive agitators within the government.

Addressed to Senator John Stennis, Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee , the letter reads, in part: "Dear Senator Stennis: I refer to our conversation of December fourth respecting your January hearings on a so-called 'muzzling' of the military. The more I have pondered our discussion - I have reflected over it earnestly since our visit - the more I am forced to the conclusion that my personal participation at these hearings would be unwise."

The former president then goes on to discuss his personal experience dealing with Joe McCarthy and offers strategy suggestions to counter the type of 'bait and attack" tactics that McCarthy used. Although he never mentions McCarthy by name - something Eisenhower was well known for avoiding - it is quite clear to whom he refers: "Recalling a particular experience of my own in the Presidency, I was urged by many respected and politically experience friends and advisers to dramatize a somewhat similar situation by direct and personal involvement. The chief character had become a national figure, not by the inherent merit of his viewpoint, but rather by his public jousting with my predecessor himself. Conversely, in the first two years of my Administration, in spite of repeated attempts to cast me in a role of open, personal controversy with this same individual, I refused to take any public notice of his extreme statements. The result was a shriveling both of the person and the movement. Within two years the issue was dead and its leader discredited. No longer, of course, am I President, but the example cited still holds valid lessons. In this case I cannot with certainty identify the individual whose public visibility would be thus enhanced, but no matter who it might be, the result would be undesirable."

He continues: "In situations involving unsubstantiated criticism and condemnation, rather than calling upon individuals whose words would probably help to polarize opposition and engender press interest, thus bestowing more respectability, credibility and momentum to the extremists, the wise course I think is to proceed on a low-key basis, avoiding name-calling or challenging of motives and objectives... I have concluded that it would be a serious error for me to appear as a witness...because my appearance with the inevitable 'cross examination' process would in due course produce repercussions which none of us would desire." Boldly signed "Dwight D. Eisenhower."

This outstanding letter reveals Eisenhower's fine mind and calm approach to sensitive matters created by difficult and aggressive individuals. Very fine condition and extremely desirable!

Dwight D. Eisenhower Trio of Typed Letters to Ike's Personal Physician and His Wife Signed as President "D. E.". Included is a one page letter on his personal White House letterhead, 7" x 10.5", dated February 6, 1957 to Major General Howard McCrum Snyder wishing him birthday greetings, includes original transmittal envelope; and two examples on White House letterhead, one page each, 7" x 9", to Alice Snyder, dated March 18, 1954 and September 23, 1955 - one wishing her a happy birthday; the other a get well letter. All examples with the usual fold creases, else fine.

John F. Kennedy Appointment Signed as President, Counter-signed by Robert F. Kennedy as Attorney General. Oversized partly printed DS, 20" x 16", City of Washington, September 18, 1961. Document appoints Donald F. Miller to the post of Marshal "for the Western District of Washington". The blind-embossed gold seal remains in pristine condition, making for impressive presentation. Near fine.

Richard Nixon Autograph Letter Signed as Vice President. One page, 6.5" x 9.5", on "Key Biscayne hotel and villas" letterhead, Miami, Florida, November 11, 1966. Handwritten letter to "Eugenie" offering his and Pat Nixon's condolences on the death of her husband, and personal memories of "Uncle Lou."

Nixon's intimate letter reads, in part: "As Pat and I begin a few days vacation after a strenuous campaign I want you to know our thoughts are with you during this sad period. 'Uncle Lou' was one of the finest men it was our privilege to know during our years in public life... we shall cherish the memories of those few moments we were privileged to chat with him about everything from politics to far more important (and enjoyable) activities - like fishing for example! I have never learned to fish - but Lou's genius was that through his contagious enthusiasm he made everyone who knew him - a great fisherman at least in his dreams!" Boldly penned in blue ink; signed "Dick." Faint paper clip stain at upper left, else fine.

Jimmy Carter Autograph Letter Signed as President-Elect " Jimmy". One page. 5.5" x 8.5". On his personal letterhead. November 17, 1976, to Congressman Charles Vanik of Ohio. It reads in part: "Thank you./ I share your con-/ cern about escalating/ Medicare costs &/ look forward to working/ with you to help/ in alleviating this/ problem./ Jimmy". A letter that still resonates 34 years later. Carter handwritten letters are uncommon, this being a particularly fine example.

Ronald Reagan Publicity Photograph From His First Film Love is on the Air [1937] Inscribed "Sincere Best Wishes/ Norma, and "Good Luck" I'm/ Yours always/ Ronald Reagan". 8" x 10". A very young Ronald Reagan and his co-star June Travis are seated on a couch reviewing the script. In his own hand, Reagan has added a note on the verso of the photograph which reads "They changed the name to "Love in on the Air", it's the very first picture I ever made." The original typed paper caption label which was mounted to the verso has been removed leaving some remnants, some minor mounting remnant abrasions to the extreme top and bottom edges, and there are a few trivial creases at the corners, otherwise a rare offering in very good condition. Fantastic and historic inscribed publicity photo from Reagan's film debut with his own personal notation on the verso.

Ronald Reagan Typed Letter Signed as President. One page, 7" x 10.5", on official White House letterhead, Washington DC, May 14, 1981. Accompanied by the original transmittal envelope. Reagan writes in response to a letter explaining how it was that one of his checks had appeared at auction.

The President responds in part: "Have no fear - you won't 'wind up on any hit lists.' I'm grateful to you for solving a puzzle. I couldn't for the life of me see how a cancelled check of mine could be anywhere but in my possession. Now it is all very clear. I was a client in my Hollywood days, of Business Administration Company so, of course, they would have had such things... " The check in question was made out to the organization Americans for Democratic Action in the amount of $50.00. It was reported in the news that the check had been purchased by Malcolm Forbes for a tidy $3,800; Mr. Forbes planned to use it in an editorial for Forbes.

In this letter, Reagan goes on to explain this affiliation: "You might be interested to know that 'Americans for Democratic Action' started out after World War II to be an in-house group of Democratic party members to combat the influence in the party of the left wing. Someplace along the line, it lost its moorings. In fact, my dis-illusionment contributed to my switch [to the Republican party]."

In his first year as president Reagan had been under media speculation when it surfaced that his budget boss, David Stockman had been a peace activist in the 60s. Reagan responded, with characteristic charm, that everyone had done foolish things in their youth adding, "For heaven's sake, I was even a Democrat". We offer here a scarce presidential letter attesting to this 'youthful indiscretion' and explaining the circumstances for his affiliation. Letter is very boldly signed in dark ink; envelope and letter are in very fine condition.

Included is a copy of Wells' original letter to the President explaining that in 1969 Mr. Wells purchased several file drawers with unknown contents from a blind auction at a moving/storage company in Encino California. Upon winning the auction and opening the files, Wells discovered "many of your canceled checks and some other memorabilia."

Ronald Reagan Autograph Letter Signed "Dutch" as President-Elect, Adorned with an Original Drawing of a Christmas Wreath, one page on his personalized letterhead, 7.25" x 10.25", [Los Angeles], Dec. 6, 1980. Reagan sends Christmas greetings to "Dear Hup", Lydia Hupfer McArthur, widow of Peter MacArthur, program director who gave Reagan his first job in broadcasting. In part: "Here it is that time again to say Merry Christmas & Happy New Year. I think this time however I can understand why it seems to have sneaked up on me..." Reagan had just won the Presidency the previous month, and had spent a whirlwind year campaigning on a platform of lower taxes and renewed pride in America. The letter is accompanied the original transmittal envelope addressed in Reagan's hand, postmarked "Los Angeles. CA. 7 Dec 1980", and bearing the notation "Cmas 1980& chk" [Christmas 1980 check] probably written by the recipient. Also included is a facsimile copy of the aforementioned check made out to "Mrs. Peter MacArthur" engrossed and signed by Reagan, dated Dec. 6, 1980.

Reagan wrote for UPI about his first job and Peter MacArthur, in part, "This was 1932 and the very bottom of the Great Depression ... I left Chicago, knocked on doors across Illinois and crossed the river into Iowa. At WOC Davenport I made my standard pitch and this time the turndown was accompanied by word that I was a week late. They had held auditions and hired an announcer the week before. That was too much.

"On the way out I said aloud, 'How do you get to be a sports announcer if you can't get inside a radio station?' The door closed and I went to the elevator. While I was waiting for it I heard someone calling. It was Peter MacArthur, the program director I'd been talking to ... When he caught up with me he asked what it was that I'd first said about sports announcing. I repeated what I'd said and he asked me if I knew anything about football. When I told him I'd played it for eight years he asked if I thought I could tell him about a game to make him see it. I said I thought so. With that he took me into a studio, stood me in front of a mike and told me to broadcast an imaginary game. I knew I had to have names so I decided I'd do the fourth quarter of a game I'd played in my last year at Eureka ... Fifteen minutes later I called the final play and then grabbed the mike to keep from falling down. My knees had suddenly gotten wobbly. Peter MacArthur said: 'Be here Saturday and you are broadcasting the Iowa-Minnesota game. You'll get $5 and bus fare. I was a sports announcer..."

In 1937, Reagan went to the Chicago Cubs spring training camp in southern California to do play-by-play for WHO. Impressed by his confidence and good looks, an agent arranged a screen test for the 26-year-old sports announcer at Warner Bros. He signed a seven-year contract and moved to California. But he remained close to Pete and Hup MacArthur whom he affectionately called "Ma" and "Pa." He sent Christmas cards and letters to them on a regular basis from 1938 until 1948 when Pete died, continuing to correspond with Hup until she died in 1995.

Ronald Reagan Autograph Letter Signed "Dutch &Nancy" to "Dear Hup", on his personal note card engraved with his name and a gilt presidential seal. One page, 6.5" x 4.25", [California], November 29, 1990. Reagan sends a birthday quip and his warm regards to Lydia Hupfer McArthur, widow of Peter MacArthur, program director who gave Reagan his first job in broadcasting. In part: "Thank you for your picture, I'm delighted to have it. Now with regard to that 97th birthday? Have you thought about an old Jack Benny custom? I've been using it myself. You no longer have birthdays. You have anniversarys [sic] of your 39th birthday. For you that would be your 58th anniversary... I'm having one of those anniversarys [sic] on Feb. 6..." Two small inkstains affecting two words, otherwise near fine.

Ronald Reagan Bank Counter Check Accomplished and Signed. One page, approximately 8" x 3.5", Furnace Creek CA, March 13, 1948. Engrossed to the "Furnace Creek Inn" in the amount of $133.50 for one week's stay ("Hotel Bill 3/7-3/13"). Located in Death Valley, the luxurious Inn was a favorite retreat for Hollywood stars seeking respite. Reagan would return to the area in the mid 60s as host for the television anthology "Death Valley Days".

Drawn against his account with the Bank of America on Sunset and Clark in Hollywood, Reagan has added his home address in Beverly Hills where indicated at the bottom of the check. Check is lightly age toned, with a small portion of the left edge missing. Large red crayon "B" cancellation on front; red ink cancellation stamps and hole-punch cancellation stamp on verso. Fine condition.

William Jefferson Clinton Autograph Letter Signed as President. One page on embossed White House letterhead, 6.75" x 9", Washington, May 28, 1996. President Clinton writes to journalist Wily Gutman regarding an article authored by Gutman that had moved him:

"Dear Mr. Gutman -
Several weeks ago I read your very moving tribute to your father in the Wall Street Journal. It impressed me so much that I cut it out and carried it around, re-reading it from time to time.

My grandfather, who had barely a grade school education, was much the same kind of man. He ran a grocery store in a poor southern town before food stamps. He sold food on credit to poor hardworking people he knew could never repay him when he knew too, that they were doing their best.

I have been trying to start a discussion in the country on what we owe each other on the edge of a new century. Your wonderful piece certainly will help.

Sincerely
Bill Clinton

Written while campaigning for his second presidential election, this moving letter reveals Clinton's respect and love for the man who raised him for the first four years of his life. Clinton's biological father, William Jefferson Blythe, Jr., died before Clinton's birth. In order to secure a better future for herself and her newborn son, his mother turned the infant over to his grandparents so that she could study nursing. The young Clinton likely bore witness to numerous instances in which his grandfather "sold" groceries to the poor families who were down and out. And the profound impact his grandfather's humanity and empathy made a deep impression, which was awakened by Mr. Gutman's article recounting similar stories about his father.

Clinton's mother would eventually marry Roger Clinton (whose surname he would adopt), but Roger's drinking likely made him a poor male figure. Handwritten letters by Clinton as president are scarce; the example we offer is not only in fine condition, but provides a moving and evocative glimpse into Clinton's most intimate memories.

William Jefferson Clinton Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 8.5" x 11", on his personal letterhead, n.p. [Fayetteville AR], August 24 [1976]. While studying at Yale and still a newlywed, Bill Clinton sent this brief letter to Lee Jones of the Arkansas Daily Citizen newspaper. It reads in full: "Lee - Thanks for the article. I have done what I could. Hope to see you again soon; I really enjoyed lunch. Best, Bill." Although we do not know the article to which the letter refers, it is possible it had something to do with Jimmy Carter's presidential campaign in Arkansas, which Clinton was then directing. The following year, Clinton would become the Attorney General for the state.

Letter is faintly age toned and shows minor foxing at lower third. It is accompanied by the toned original transmittal envelope, also accomplished in Bill Clinton's hand. Clinton handwritten letters are quite rare and desirable - this one being in fine condition.

[Charles II of England] Rare Illuminated Deed Transfer from Elizabeth Lax [Laxe] to Margaritt and Barbara Lax of Bishop Auckland, Durham, 1679. One page with endorsements on the verso, 15.25" x 7.75", Bishop Auckland, Durham, England, October 20, 1679, on vellum, with the original red wax seal, in English. This document has a beautiful full-color and gold illumination along the left side with birds, flowers, a cartouche with a woman in profile (perhaps Elizabeth Lax), and another cartouche picturing a large stone building (perhaps Sir Arthur Haselrig's mansion, the largest building in the parish). Transfers between women during this period are very uncommon and illumination on these documents is extremely rare. In addition to the illumination there are two painted full-color arms at the bottom of the document. The arms on the left consist of a gold fusil between two crimson crosses pattée on a blue chief; the base is crimson with a stag's head erased. The arms to the right have a six-pointed pile in alternating black and white above a black base with a centered white cross pattée. The second arms also appear in the near perfect original red wax seal that is attached to the document by a vellum riband. Minor soiling on the verso, but the document, seal, and particularly the illumination are excellent.

Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, Autograph Letter Signed, "Wellington". Eleven pages, 7.5" x 9.25", three sheets of fine quality paper all watermarked "Phipps & Son 1808", each with four integral pages, March 23, 1810 (originally dated the 22nd, but changed by Wellington), Viseu, Portugal, with endorsement on page twelve. This important dispatch was written to Admiral Sir George Cranfield Berkeley of the Royal Navy who was responsible for the supply of men, food, and material to the Duke of Wellington's army in the Peninsula War. In the letter, Wellington laments the lack of resources at his disposal to thwart the advance of Napoleon's French forces on British and Portuguese positions. Wellington is particularly upset at the demands of his Portuguese allies and the deplorable state of their own military assets: "I think it scandalous that the Portuguese regular army should not be 100,000 instead of 50,000 men; more scandalous that they should want near 10,000 men to complete to 50,000; still more scandalous that they have not means to support the army which they have." Wellington also levels criticism at the British government for its inability or unwillingness to provide adequate arms and clothing for his men. In light of those deficiencies Wellington writes, "I must consider not only what is desirable, but what is practicable; and I must first look a little at the facts of the case, and consider of the means in my power, or likely to be in my power, of their nature, and of the mode in which they will probably operate in the circumstances which will most probably exist." The "Iron Duke" then lays out his plans for military actions against the French. This letter is quoted in full in Colonel John Gurwood's The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington, published in 1836. An important letter that gives remarkable insight into some of the problems that faced Wellington during his six-year campaign to drive the French from Spain. Light soiling and weakness at the folds, else very fine.

Winston Churchill Typed Letter Signed "Winston S. Churchill". One page, 7.5" x 9.25", July 10, 1957, "28, Hyde Park Gate, London, S.W.7," written to A. A. F. Panton, "c/o Captain H. Ryan Price, the Downs, Findon, Nr. Worthing, Sussex." The letter reads, "Thank you for your letter, which I was very pleased to receive. I am glad that you are enjoying your new work, in which I wish you all success." Price was a British horse trainer and Panton was likely a former stable manager for Churchill. With transmittal envelope. A small file hole in top left. Folds; fine.

King Frederick "The Great" II of Prussia Letter Signed. One page, in German, 7.5" x 9.5", Potsdam, April 25, 1749. The brilliant military campaigner and diplomatic strategist King Frederick the Great writes to his minister of finance, von Marschall, informing him that Herr von Heydebrandt is ill and must be temporarily relieved from his duties. Frederick then instructs von Marschall to take on the duties of the ill man (Minister of Posts) as needed, in order to keep the accounts current and correct. Von Heydebrandt was satirically referred to as "the un-crowned King of Prussia" by his detractors. Faintly age toned, with tiny areas of adhesive tape on verso at upper corners. Frederick's signature is large and extravagant. Fine condition.

David Ben-Gurion Typed Letter Signed as Prime Minister to Moshe Dayan. Four one-sided pages, 8.5" x 11", typed in Hebrew on Prime Minister's letterhead, Jerusalem, January 27, 1958. Moshe Dayan was an important Israeli military leader and politician who served as a fighting symbol to the world for the new state of Israel He served variously as chief of staff of the Israel Defense Forces, defense minister, foreign minister, and minister of agriculture. In late 1957, Dayan requested that he be released from his position as chief of staff of the Israel Defense Forces. After a great deal of consideration, Prime Minister Ben-Gurion sent this personal letter to Dayan, revealing his deep appreciation and admiration for his friend and compatriot.

It reads in part: "Dear Moshe, During the last months I thought over and hesitated if I should accept your request to release you from your duty as the commander in chief of the IDF. Although you extended in this difficult and responsible job more than your three antecedents, but not because of tiredness you ask to be released. I know that your strength today is no less than it was in the day of your appointment to be commander in chief, before more than 4 years ago, although in this four years many hard and crushing assignments were imposed on you - dangers that didn't fall in the hands of IDF commanders since the end of the independence war in the beginning of 1949. After comprehensive inquiries that I have made with senior army commanders, I acceded at last to your request, and the government approved my decision, also not without hesitations, because I felt moral obligation, obligation that I believe all of the country obliged you, to respect your wish and allow you 2 years study in the Hebrew university in Jerusalem. The decision making was made easier after you expressed your wish to stay in the army as a major-general."

Ben-Gurion goes on to describe in detail all the stages of Dayan's life: he writes about Dayan's upbringing, noting that Dayan's parents helped to establish his deep love for Israel and his powerful faith in the freedom of the Jewish people and their strength. He describes the role of Dayan in the "Hagana," his relationship with Orde Wingate, his capture by the British Mandate and the time he did in jail, his service in the "Palmach," his injuries, and his outstanding service in the IDF. Through each stage of Dayan's life, Ben-Gurion praises Dayan's courage, broad political and strategic vision, his unusual military abilities and remarkable results.

The Prime Minister finishes his letter with the following kind thoughts: "I am sure that you will keep on serving your people and your homeland and their safety in your best power in the future as well, and that you will succeed in all of your doings the way you did until this day."

Dayan would go on to fulfill Ben-Gurion's prediction. A year after retiring from the IDF, Dayan joined Mapai, the leftist party in Israeli politics, then led by David Ben-Gurion, while also serving as the Minister of Agriculture. Dayan then joined with the group of Ben-Gurion loyalists who defected from Mapai in 1965 to form Rafi. The new Prime Minister Levi Eshkol disliked Dayan, but recognized Dayan's political value to him and appointed the charismatic and popular military leader minister of defense in order to raise public morale and widen his government's support by establishing a unity government. This remarkable letter is in fine condition, with minor overall age toning and a few light creases; small tear at upper left corner. An outstanding letter of major military and political importance!

Nicholas Romanoff: White Russian Archive, Featuring a Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna 1894 Silver Wedding Medal featuring conjoined busts of Nicholas II and Alexandra facing left surrounded by "In remembrance of the wedding of Emperor Nicholas II and Princess Alix of Hesse - 14 November 1894" in Cyrillic on the obverse. The reverse has a scene of wedding ceremony at the Grand Church of the Winter Place in Saint Petersburg, [Diakov 1164.1 (R3)], 70 mm, engraved by A. Vasyutinsky.

This rich archive once belonging to White Russian Colonel Nicholas Romanoff of the Transbaykal Cossack Troops includes the following: a cabinet card of Tsar Nicolas II in the uniform of His Majesty's Guards Hussars, the uniform the tsar wore at his wedding, cracked lower left corner; a cabinet card with a composite image of Nicolas II and Kaiser Wilhelm II, both in uniform, missing lower left corner; a cabinet card picturing the Russian imperial family, Nicholas II, Alexandra Feodorovna, and the grand duchesses Olga, Marie, Tatiana, and Anastasia upon the birth of the youngest daughter in 1901; a copy of photograph of the imperial family taken in 1913, 8.75" x 6.5"; a copy of photograph of the imperial family taken in 1899 on the occasion of the birth of the Grand Duchess Marie Nicholaevna, 7.25" x 9.25"; three photographs showing Bolshevik revolutionaries pulling down a large statue of Tsar Alexander III, 6.5" x 4.5"; a photograph of the consecration of regimental colors, ca. 1914, 5.75" x 3.75"; three photographs of a military review of massed Russian infantry, artillery, and mounted troops, ca. 1916, 6.5" x 5"; a copy of a photograph of Lieutenant [later Colonel] Nicholas Romanoff in uniform with the badge of Transbaykal Cossack Troops, 4" x 5"; an original signed photograph of Colonel Romanov wearing the Badge of the Society of the Red Cross and the badge of the Order of Saint Stanislaus, 4" x 6"; an original photograph of Romanoff standing next to Lieutenant General Grigory Semyonov, leader of the White movement in Transbaikal and Ataman of Baikal Cossacks, 4" x 6"; a formal original photograph of Ataman Semyonov, Romanoff, and seven other staff officers, 6" x 4" (9.5" x 7.5" overall); a modern copy of a photograph of Colonel Romanoff in uniform with the Order of Saint Stanislaus and Order of Saint Anna, 8" x 10"; a modern copy of a post-WWI photo of Romanoff and a uniformed aristocratic Russian in an elegant room, 7" x 5"; a White Russian official seated in front of a wall with imperial orders, flags, insignia, and framed pictures of the Tsar and Semyonov; two Imperial Russian military officer's hat insignias (one of which is clearly visible in one of Romanoff's images), and copy documents related to Romanoff, his wife, and son Alexey.

Colonel Nicholas Romanoff served with the White Russian Cossack forces in the Transbaikal region in the far-east under Admiral Alexander Kolchak and Ataman Grigory Semyonov. There he met American General (then colonel) David Prescott Barrows on the Special Military Mission to Manchuria and Siberia. Barrows later sponsored the relocation of Colonel Romanoff and his family to California. Worthy of further research.

Maximilian I Emperor of Mexico Document Signed "Maximiliano". One page. 10" x 15.5". September 19, 1866. Mexico briefly endured the dictatorship of French puppet Maximilian I between 1864 and 1867. Governments around the world refused to recognize the illegitimate regime and Maximillian was executed by liberating forces under Benito Juarez. Damp stained, otherwise a bright document bearing a bold signature, in very good condition.

Francisco "Pancho" Villa Typed Letter Signed as Commander of the Northern Revolutionary Army. One page, in Spanish, 8.5" x 11", on "Northern Army Commander in Chief" letterhead, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico, September 3, 1915. Revolutionary military leader Francisco "Pancho" Villa writes to Francisco Lagos Chazaro, the acting President of Mexico from June 10, 1915 to October 10, 1915, regarding the selection of delegates to a conference dedicated to permanently removing exiled president Venustiano Carranza de la Garza from power.

At the Convention of Aguascalientes, rebel leaders voted to remove President Carranza from power. Carranza fled to Veracruz while his most loyal followers continued to fight against Pancho Villa as commander of the Northern Revolutionary Army, and Emiliano Zapata, commander of the Liberation Army of the South. After many hard months of battle, Carranza's troops entered Mexico City in August 1915 and took it by force. Another meeting of the convention was planned, at which time this letter was sent by Villa to Chazaro.

Roughly translated, the signed carbon copy reads in full: "Dear Friend: I trust that you have confidence in me and all those within the North Division Army, whether of military or civilian character. On this basis, I feel obligated to provide more extensive explanations that cannot be sent by telegraph, but not at times like this when I am in the field. Please believe that we are working for the good of the country to avoid armed intervention and obtain, by contrast, the pacification, bringing down the dictatorship of Venustiano Carranza. In this vein, I request that you and our allies nominate three representatives with broad powers to the peace conferences as soon as possible, to ensure that the agreements to be reached are duly ratified by the convention.

I want to add only that we are trying to reorganize a government that will be immediately recognized by the government of the United States and the Latin American republics, so that we may establish as soon as possible a constitutional government.

If the delegates are physically unable to travel to the place of the conferences, it would be desirable to use telegraph to contact people there, in whom they have confidence. I am enclosing a copy of the letter I am writing today to General Zapata, in which I shed more light on the matter. There is no time to write more now. I send you a hug and the most cordial and affectionate greetings. Francisco Villa."

Letter is lightly age toned, but is otherwise in remarkable condition, with a large, bold signature. An outstanding addition to any revolutionary Mexico collection; perfect for prominent display.

John J. Audubon Autograph Letter Signed. Two and one-quarter pages, 16.25" x 13" (sight), March 23, 1833, Boston, to his firstborn son, Victor, "Care of/ Robt. Havell Esq/ Engraver/ 77 Oxford Street London." In this letter, written only seven days after suffering a stroke, Audubon excitedly informs Victor of new American subscriptions for his masterpiece, The Birds of America. Twenty-four-years-old, Victor, had sailed for London in October 1832 to manage his father's business and supervise Robert Havell, Jr., Audubon's engraver. The letter reads in part: "Although I have written two letters to you not to more than 4 days ago, I do this again with great pleasure on account of the good tidings I have to participate to you. The Legislature of this State has passed an act for the subscription of one copy of our work. I have delivered the 1st Volume to Mr. A. H. Everthy[?], the secretary of the Library of the State. The next Volume must be delivered 1/2 bound as those which Havell sent to Wm. Gaston of Savanna. Wm. Sturges Esq. of Boston has also subscribed this day. I have delivered him a Volume also 1/2 bound. The next must reach him in Like cover.

Wm. Oakes of Ipswich [Massachusetts] wishes his Copies delivered altogether in Number, uncut sheets put into a good Portfolio and I desire that you my Dear Victor will find him first rate coloured plates. he knows what Birds are full well.

The Harvard Colege [sic] has a Volume delivered. The Society of Natural History of Boston has also one Delivered. James Brown has received his Volume also. The 2nd must be just 1/2 Bound as usual after which he will receive the work in Numbers.

James Arnold of New Bedford has a copy sent him - he wishes the numbers published beside the first Vol. sent him if possible through Capn. Delano of the New York & London Packet Columbia.

Doctor Shattuck would wait no longer for the Brigg Charlotte and has taken a Volume 1/2 Bound. Stand the next Volume when finished in the same Bound Style.

Then the seven Copies from Savanna have been dispased [sic] off. here is an a/c of the matter.

Doct. Shattuck. 1 Volume [?]; paid $220.00
Harvard University D D D 220.00
Natural History Society Boston D 220.00
Wm. Sturges Esq. Bostom D 220.00
James Brown, Bookseller Boston D 220.00
State of Massach. Library
James Arnold New Bedford

Those I lost will be paid for shortly. Doctor Harlan has remitted on a/c this day $150.00. Our list of subscribers has then been suddenly increased with 6 names and it stands as follows."

Audubon then continues with the names of thirteen subscribers in Boston (including "State of Massachusetts . . . Harvard University . . . N. Society") along with four others from Salem and Ipswich.

The letter continues, "13 for Boston. & 4 [?] above makes 17 in all. Pretty well don't you think? I have left Neal of Portland unsupplied because we wanted the 'ready'. I will supply him from New York, or Write to you to do so should I be so fortunate as to dispose of the 10 copies that are there. In my last I said that the work entered free of Duty. Therefore all goes on [?]. We have all dined at Doct. Parkman this day he is 'a friend indeed'. Do write to him a good Long letter. It will please and gratify him much I am sure and now adieu My Dear Victor. Keep good spirits. God Bless You."

Doctor George Parkman, Audubon's "friend indeed", was called to attend the ornithologist following his stroke (purgatives were prescribed). Audubon quickly recovered from the mild stroke, and, as this letter show, was back promoting his work. His dedication paid off; by the end of April 1833, Audubon had fifty-five subscriptions throughout the U.S. for Birds of American, including those listed here.

John James Audubon (1785-1851), the Haitian-born Frenchman who spent most of his life in the United States, is, without question, the greatest and most influential painter of birds in the history of ornithological illustration. The Birds of America took twelve years (1827-1838) of meticulous work to complete. The 435 hand-colored aquatint engravings, masterfully rendered by Robert Havell, depicted North American birds in their full life-size glory. Though this letter has not been examined outside of the handsome frame, it exhibits professional restoration along some minor separations. The frame is glassed for viewing on both sides with an overall size of 21.25" x 18". All around, Audubon's letter is in fine condition.

Artists: Collection of Six Autograph Letters Signed by Prominent Artists, including: George Clausen (July 3, 1883); A. B. Frost (December 4, 1905); John Landseer (n.d.); W. Holman Hunt (n.d.); Herbert Herkomer (January 22, 1901); and, Clarence Buddington Kelland (October 9, 1919) who writes, "My autograph is neither so large as John Hancock's nor so valuable on a check as Mr. Carnegie's, but here it is". Various sizes. Most fine or better.

[Mark Twain] Samuel L. Clemens Autograph Letter Signed "SLC", one page on the verso of a letter sent to him. 5" x 8", England, [July 5, 1897]. Twain writes to his publishers Chatto and Windus: "Dear C + W: We leave England early in the morning the 9th. Will you please have our inventory man come day after tomorrow (6th) Tuesday) - & have him notify Ridout's inventory man to come out at the same time... The rest of the book is now ready. Let your messenger come toward noon tomorrow (Monday) & I will deliver it - both the original, for you, & the typer copy to be sent to H.[enry] H.[uttleston] Rogers, 26 Broadway, New York." The aforementioned book is his travel work Following the Equator, which he had originally delivered in May but had difficulty completing until this time in July. The book would finally be published in November 1897.

Twain first met Henry Huttleston Rogers in 1893. Rogers, a successful businessman and principal in Standard Oil, took the financially challenged Twain under his wing and provided sound business advice and direction. At the time of their meeting, Twain was in near financial ruin as a result of bad investments in unsound technology and poor business decisions. It was Rogers who suggested that Twain file for bankruptcy and transfer ownership of his copyrights to his wife in order to protect the family's interests.

Following the Equator was an immediate success, selling more than 30,000 copies initially. The financial success of the book made it possible for Rogers, who also served as Twain's benefactor, to settle all of Twain's debts and invest on his behalf.

The letter is written on the back of a letter addressed to Twain from his realtor, Ridout & Co., acknowledging that arrangements have been made "to continue the tenancy for a week from today..." Light toning and some soiling, otherwise very good.

[Mark Twain] Samuel Langhorne Clemens Bank Check Signed "Saml. L. Clemens". 7.5" x 3", drawn on the First National Bank of Hartford, dated March 1, 1875. This check is made payable to Clinton Rice, an attorney that Clemens had difficulty with on a previous sale of land in 1871. This check may represent a further issue in that matter. Clemen's signature has been PSA/DNA graded as near mint and is enclosed in a plastic slab with the PSA/DNA grading information.

William Gaddis Correspondence Archive containing numerous letters (near 160), photographs, clippings, and other manuscripts and documents, all dated between 1968 and 1993. Most items in the archive are letters written by Gaddis to his son, Matthew, and dated between 1968 and 1977, the time Gaddis was writing J R, his second novel which won the National Book Award and was dedicated to Matthew.

William Gaddis (1922- 1998), considered one of the greatest postwar American novelists, authored five demanding novels, winning National Book Awards for two. Though often compared to such literary greats as James Joyce and Herman Melville, he lived most of his life neglected by readers and critics. After attending Harvard in the early 1940s, Gaddis lived in Greenwich Village where he mingled with the Beat Generation. While there, he worked for the New Yorker and wrote his first novel, The Recognitions (1955), which was not well-received. Soon afterward he married Patsy Black, an aspiring actress who bore him two children, Sarah (b. 1955) and Matthew (b. 1958). The marriage soon ended and the two children lived with their mother near Boston; Gaddis saw them on occasional weekends. In the late 1960s, he married Judith Thompson and worked as a speechwriter (mostly for Kodak executives) and screenwriter. During that time, he also began his second novel, J R, which was published in 1975 and won his first National Book Award. Many of the letters in this archive contain references to the book and updates on its progress.

The letters from Gaddis to his son Matthew, are thoughtfully written and reveal Gaddis as a loving, doting, and devoted father trying desperately to stay connected to his young son. (Gaddis was abandoned by his own father when he was three years old.) These are very personal letters containing advice, encouragement, plans, and news of Gaddis' life. A few have newspaper or magazine clippings carefully affixed by the author. All letters are signed "Papa" and most are accompanied by their transmittal envelopes; many are written from the Gaddis' home in Piermont, New York.

We have arranged the contents of the archive into twelve chronologically arranged folders.

(1) The first folder contains photographs of Gaddis and Matthew (ca. mid 1960s); a divorce petition signed on May 25, 1967 ("incompatibility of temperaments between my wife and myself"); attorney's letters (including one to Gaddis' future second wife, Judith Thompson, dated 1967, informing her that "Enclosed herewith are the papers [the petition] for which you have waited so long"); a Decree of Divorce, May 1967, issued from Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, signed by Mexican and American officials; a copy of a play manuscript entitled Faire Exchange No Robbe[...] (the eleven pages have been vertically cut in half; only one half remains), 1947; and William Gaddis' New York certificate of death.

This folder also contains a typed inventory entitled "CONFIDENTIAL" and listing Gaddis' lawyers, agents, banks, houses, belongings (including listings of archives related to his novels), etc., "as of 1 June 1994." Also included, a Saul Steinberg autographed letter signed and dated February 3, 1999, giving $50,000 previously willed to William Gaddis to Matthew. This letter is accompanied by an attorney's letter. Steinberg was a cartoonist for the New Yorker. Additionally, a six-page typed manuscript entitled Butler Did It bearing five lines written by Gaddis in red ink to Matthew. (A form of this manuscript was published in the New York Times Sunday Book Review in March 1995.)

(2) The folder labeled "1968" contains eight letters from Gaddis to ten-year-old Matthew (five typed letters signed and three autograph letters signed) in which Gaddis discusses football tickets for a Harvard-Dartmouth game ("Certainly will be on the Harvard side and I think not the end zone") and advice for Matthew's first day of school ("Don't punch anybody . . . take time to sit back and sort them out").

(3) The folder labeled "1969" contains twenty-one letters to Matthew (twelve typed letters signed and nine autograph letters signed) discussing cameras, hockey, homework, and ice skating. Also included is a typed letter signed to fourteen-year-old daughter Sarah in which Gaddis encourages her writing: "One persistent difficulty in writing is this, on the one hand, writing about what you know, & on the other hand working in the story or plot that even though it may be very thin does keep the reader wondering, --What will happen next?" (Sarah later became a novelist.) Also included is a four-page untitled typed play manuscript; a signed ("Papa")postcard; and a b/w photograph of "the Piermont house", Gaddis' home from the late 1960s through the 1980s.

(4) The folder labeled "1970" contains fourteen letters to Matthew (thirteen typed letters signed and one autograph letter signed) in which Gaddis encourages Matthew, a struggling student, to make new friends at school and set priorities ("At school, if sports have to come second for a while, well, so they come second for a while"). In one letter, Gaddis exhorts, "Maybe some of the things I've said in this letter sound somewhat harsh, but really, if I just went along saying fine! everything's great! well, that would be failing you as a father, wouldn't it."

(5) The folder labeled "1971" contains fifteen letters (thirteen typed letters signed and two autograph letters signed). In one, Gaddis explains "humor": "And what after all is a sense of humour? It's not, as so many people seem to think, the ability to tell a joke or laugh at one. It's a sense of proportion about life and the things that happen in life, of being able to see things as they really are, all at once."

(6) The folder labeled "1972" contains fifteen letters (eight typed letters signed and seven autograph letters signed). In these, Gaddis reports to Matthew on Sarah's visits to prospective universities and his own attendance at "a party for the Dutchess" which was "very fine-even had a chat with Tennessee Williams (about Marylin Monroe)-and of course George Plimpton (who said Willie! I think about you every day!-why?)."

(7) The folder labeled "1973" contains fifteen letters (eight typed letters signed and seven autograph letters signed). These letters, written to a now fifteen-year-old Matthew, contain more mature content, with quotes from poems, discussions of Greek literature, and frank advice about goals ("Have a hungry curiosity in all directions for anything that brings you and your mind to life"). In one letter, Gaddis tries to persuade Matthew to read poet A. E. Houseman instead of Bob Dylan; afterward, he relates a story of poet Robert Creeley crashing his mother's car. In another, he writes that "Everything here goes its quiet course-including J R."

(8) The folder labeled "1974" contains fourteen letters (nine typed letters signed and five autograph letters signed). During this year, Gaddis was still toiling on his "heap of paper" ("I've got Bast and JR off the train finally and trying desperately to see the last of JR"), which often meant being at "the typewriter-cutting table." "You can imagine I'm pretty sick of JR," Gaddis writes on August 8, "but spend every day with him and his friends and otherwise, the main comfort being that after this I'll NEVER (except for galleys HAVE TO READ THE INFERNAL BOOK AGAIN! Boy I can't wait hey. Also maybe I can learn how to talk like an intelligent adult again)." In the February 13 letter, Gaddis reports that he was "Made most uncomfortable last evening by a call from the NY Times, prompted by Joseph Heller who is bringing out his first book since Catch 22, they ask a lot of questions about how a writer (me) feels taking so many years between books, heaven knows what I said." While writing in 1974, Gaddis was getting used to using an electric typewriter: "Here I am fighting Sarah's electric machine, mine stopped abruptly with a strange whirring sound in the middle of a page and I am still not used to this one, touch a key and zing you're typing, even when you don't mean to be. And the sound of its engine running while one tries to think of the next word is a little nervewracking too. So I am being dragged by the heels into the 20th century."

(9) The folder labeled "1975" contains eight letters (six typed letters signed and two autograph letters signed) with news about completing J R ("Once JR is out of the way I really don't know what I'm going to do next") and his promotional work for the book ("JR is entirely out of my hands . . . and for the first time it really looks like something real may come of it!"). In some of his 1975 letters, Gaddis acknowledges many of the reviews which were written about the book; most were favorable, but Gaddis tried to keep them in perspective. He wrote his September 24 letter on the verso of an Alfred A. Knopf J R promotion confessing, "Whatever Knopf's ad says, you each [Sarah and Matthew] give me more to be proud of than JR. (Throw in THE RECOGNITIONS TOO.)"

Gaddis, known for being reclusive, writes on September 13, "I went to town to talk with a reporter from the Village Voice who wanted an interview for JR, I would really stay away from these things if the paperback rights were sold but right now feel I can't afford to pass up anything that may help the damned book. . . . I'm enclosing a copy of a review [included in this archive] that will appear in the October 4th issue of the Saturday Review and it may be one of the best I'll get, thank God somebody could sit down and read it and get what it's all about (or almost all). At any rate a very positive kind of atmosphere seems to be building around JR's publication and our prospects look good."

In another letter (October 21), written on the verso of a favorable book review, Gaddis writes, "here is another piece of entertainment (Oh Lord keep the good news coming!)" A few days later, he excitedly reports, "Well we got it-the front page of the Sunday Times Book Review-or half of it rather. . . . The review of JR is excellent, about the best one yet. . . . Also a good review this week in Newsweek which should help balance that flat-footed piece in 'Time' [the Time review was the result of a five hour interview written about in his September 24 letter]."

(10) The folder labeled "1976-1977" contains thirteen letters (eleven typed letters signed and two autograph letter signed). The 1976 letters begin with Gaddis exulting, "This feels like the first time I can start a new year wide open to practically any possibility, without that book hanging over my head." In February, there were even hopes of a possible movie deal ("I'm holding my breath, think we may have a live one interested in movie rights to JR wouldn't that be superrrrrrrrrr"), but by April, the deal had not materialized and Gaddis writes instead about an offer from Bard College to teach two courses as a Distinguished Visiting Professor. By the end of May, he had won the National Book Award, of which he simply writes, "What an incredibly long time it seems since we've seen you -partly of course because of . . . the Nat'l Book Award come and gone as though it had never really happened at all. It doesn't seem to have sold a million books at any rate."

Many of the 1977 letters are addressed to Ohio, where Matthew was attending Antioch College; one of those contains news of Gaddis' separation from Judith: "I came back late Monday from the Rochester episode & Judith had returned & staying at Scarborough. We have had 2 long talks & at this point it doesn't look as though we will put things together, obvious to others for a long time I guess." With the marriage over, Gaddis, in a December 2 letter, sends Matthew information about the trust funds for him and Sarah, along with an attached typed list of the numerous stocks in the trust. Also included from 1977 is a program for the 7th Annual Writers Workshop at the University of Rochester, July 10-16. Gaddis, whose bio and photograph are included in the program, seems to have been a reluctant participant, writing a note to Matthew below his picture stating that he thinks he "can manage one more day of this without losing my mind."

(11) The folder labeled "1978-1993" contains a one-page manuscript (not signed) entitled "The Eighth Step: A Politically Incorrect screenplay". The play is typed on the verso of an Author's Guild letter dated October 22, 1993. Also included is one postcard written to Matthew, n.d.

(12) The final folder contains thirty-three undated letters (twenty-two typed letters signed and eleven autograph letters signed). In addition, this folder includes a Judith Thompson autograph letter signed, four pages, ca. 1975, to Matthew "to ask you to write just once or twice a month a real letter filling him [Gaddis] (us) in on your activities. . . . I don't know of any other father in his situation who writes his children regularly once a week as yours does or is as concerned or devoted. . . . I've seen him take time away from his other work or pleasures to write you and make things sound interesting and fill you in on current happening. He does it because he loves you dearly and it's a way of keeping close when you are apart." Also included are three photos; an undated humorous letter entitled "All Purpose Vacation Letter (Trial Sample)", likely typed by Gaddis to encourage Matthew to write more; and a postcard written and signed "Papa", ca. early 1970s. This folder also contains an undated (ca. 1974) autograph letter signed in which Gaddis comments on his J R character Edward Bast, "You know it's curious, thinking about this book: after a thousand pages what young Edward Bast comes up with is pretty much this: up till now (the end of the book and his association with JR), I've done a lot of damage to serve things I didn't understand and that weren't mine; from now on any damage I do is going to be because of what I have to do: I'd rather fail at something of mine, something worth failing at, than succeed at something of somebody else's."

Matthew Gaddis, whose interest in cameras and film are evident in this archive, became a filmmaker whose credits include God's Country (1986), Alamo Bay (1985), and The Suicide Club (1988), among others. Sarah Gaddis became a novelist (Swallow Hard, 1991). This archive also includes other manuscripts, book reviews, clippings, and a signed check ("William Gaddis"). All items have been well cared for and are in fine condition. This exceptional collection merits much further research.

Bret Harte Autograph Manuscript Signed "Bret Harte." Thirteen pages, 6" x 8", n.d., n.p., written in purple ink on the rectos only. Bound by Riviere and Son in crushed green leather with gilt turn-ins and gilt titles on the spine and front board. Hand-lettered title page and portrait frontispiece of the author. Estelle Doheny's oval leather bookplate affixed to the front pastedown. Mild wear to the leather along the spine and at the corners, with a small abrasion near the top corner. Minor offsetting to the endpapers from the turn-ins. Two horizontal mailing folds to the manuscript pages, and mild toning to the verso of the last page. Overall, this unique Bret Harte poem is in very fine condition.

"The 177-line poem is probably a fair copy, although Harte has changed 'three hundred' to 'two hundred' on pages 3 and 10. The poem recounts a tale of love between a young bride and the King's Viceroy of Monterey, who is invited to enjoy the droit de Seigneur 'por el Rey.'" (Christie's, The Estelle Doheny Collection, Part III, Lot 721, p. 226).

Henry James Grouping of Two Autograph Letters Signed and an Autograph Note Signed on a large envelope conveying a copy of his travel book Italian Hours. Lot includes:
Autograph Letter Signed "Henry James", 2 pages on conjoined sheets, 4.5" x 7", n.p., "Friday p.m." (n.d.); a flamboyantly scripted and worded letter to a Mrs. Hertz sending thanks for her letter and compliments wishing her, "a long continuance of your admirable intellectual life." Near fine.
Autograph Letter Twice Signed "Henry James", one page, 4.5" x 7", n.p., "Dec. 10th",(n.d.); to Mrs. MacKarney accepting an invitation to read. Unevenly trimmed at left margin, otherwise very good.
Autograph Note Signed "Henry James" within the text, on a large blue envelope, 11" x 9", conveying drafts of his writing. He writes: "Copy for the greater Part of 'Italian Hours' by Henry James. / The remainder immediately to follow: March 22d 1909." At top, in another hand, it indicates the envelope contained "13 chapters". First published in London in October 1909, this envelope likely conveyed James final drafts to his publisher William Heinemann. The first American edition would be published the following month. The Envelope has been torn open on the verso, but all three wax seals bearing the imprint "Lamb House" remain. A printed image of James is also included with this lot.

Jack London Autograph Letter Signed. Five pages, 9.25" x 6", October 14, 1903, Oakland, California, written on "Jack London" letterhead (the date has been stamped). London writes this letter to "Mr. Johnson", the editor of his upcoming novel, The Sea Wolf, which was serialized in The Century Magazine from January through November 1904. Defending his descriptions of Wolf Larsen's eyes, London writes in full: "I really can't see the inconsistency in any two descriptions of the captain's eyes on p.20 - & p.27. P.20- 'They were eyes that masque the soul with a thousand guises' - but at rare moments allowed it to rush up, etc. On p.27, it was not one of those rare moments. On the contrary, the soul was masqued by a bleakness and coldness and grayness of the eyes. Am I right? or do I fail to catch your point? Good for the marine expert on your staff! I doubt not he'll find lots to change in my seamanship. You see, it's ten years since I was a sailor; and also, while I have sailed for'ard on a three-mast schooner, I have never sailed on a two-mast schooner. And of course, seamanship is the most ticklish of all things to write about. The best sailors are caught tripping when they get into print. Also, it must be taken into consideration that 'each ship has its own [?]' as the [?] said when he went for'ard to let go the spanlser- sheet [sic]. I have mailed you to-day pp 85 to 151 inclusive. If you should still think I am inconsistent with captain's eyes, I am perfectly willing to you to change the description as you see fit. And, believe me, I'll not be offended at any other changes you may make. On the contrary, I shall be grateful." London won the first argument; his description of Larsen's eyes that "masked the soul with a thousand guises" was published (The Sea Wolf, Dover Publications, 1999, 15). But he lost the second argument; "A bleakness came into his eyes, and the lines of his mouth grew severe and harsh" was published instead of his original, "the soul was masqued by a bleakness and coldness and grayness of the eyes" (The Sea Wolf, 33). These descriptions were important for a full understanding of the character of Captain Wolf Larsen, London's representation of brute strength. Larsen was a man with little regard for life (in The Sea Wolf, Larsen says of life, "It has no value. Of cheap things it is the cheapest," 44). The letter is housed in a beautiful and protective fine leather presentation portfolio. The pages of the letter are toned with small filing holes in top left corners. Overall fine condition.

Walt Whitman Autograph Manuscript Unsigned in pencil. One page, 7.75" x 2", n.d., n.p. The perfector of free verse and author of Leaves of Grass, Whitman here writes poetical phrases and thoughts. In full:

"Of Lights, things, causes objects and the soul,
From our best caliber - own point of view.
Then what of them, the cast from different
loftier caliber and view?"

Two words, not included in the quotation above, have been marked through. Interestingly, Whitman spells both uses of "caliber" differently. The center of the manuscript bears a long black ink stroke. Slightly wrinkled with uneven toning. Very good.

Mercury Seven Astronauts Book Signed. Charles Coombs. Project Mercury. Illustrated by Robert G. Smith. New York: William Morrow, 1960. First edition. Inscribed on front free endpaper by Scott Carpenter, "Dec. 1960/ For Marian Smith with best/ wishes from the Mercury Astronauts". Signed below by Virgil I. Grissom, John H. Glenn, Jr., Alan B. Shepard Jr., Donald K. Slayton, M. Scott Carpenter, Leroy S. Cooper Jr., and Walter M. Schirra. 8vo. 62 pp. Publisher's full light blue cloth with dark blue stamping to front and spine. Pages show mild toning. Dust jacket is toned and rubbed with small tears to edges and chipping to spine ends. There is also one large chip to bottom edge of front panel. A very good copy.

Charles Lindbergh Signed Original Pen and Ink Drawing, signed "C.A. Lindbergh / Feb 6, 1928." Drawing measures 10" x 12" and is executed on heavy card stock, signed "F.B.F" by the artist. Near fine and ideal for display.

Dated February 6, 1828, this drawing was signed just two days before the end of Lindbergh's "Good Will Tour" through Latin America and the Caribbean. The tour was launched in December of 1927 to promote aviation as a commercial venture as well as foster stronger relationships between the U.S. and the nations visited. It was during this trip that Lindbergh met Anne Morrow, whom he would later marry, for the first time. Anne was the daughter of Dwight Morrow, Ambassador to Mexico, and also a financial advisor to Lindbergh. According to our consignor (in whose family the drawing has remained all these years), the artist Franklin B. Frost worked at the U.S. Embassy in Mexico and had the opportunity to meet Lindbergh and obtain his signature on his original drawing.

Charles Lindbergh Signed Original Drawing in Pencil, inscribed "Franklin B. Frost / Sincerely C.A. Lindbergh / Feb 6, 1928," to the artist who signs his work "F.B.F". Drawing measures 8.25" x 10.5" (sight), and is matted and framed
to an overall size of 14.5" x 17". Elegantly framed and ready for display. Please see lot 35219 for additional information.

[Charles Lindbergh] Oversized Photograph of Charles Lindbergh Taken During the Last Days of his "Good Will Tour". Black & white albumen measures 22" x 18" and is mounted and matted to an overall size of 26" x 22". Lindbergh stands posed with a group of officials in front of the United States embassy in Mexico. Frank B. Frost, the artist of the drawings featured as lots XXXXX and XXXXX in this auction, stands in the second row, first from the right. A single vertical crack in the albumen can be restored or matted out without affecting the overall presentation.

Accompanied by a large scrapbook made by Frank B. Frost during his undergraduate years at Brown University. A small photo of Frost is included amongst many photos, ticket stubs, and ephemera that served as keepsakes of his college years. Scrapbook contains more than 30 pages and measures 17" x 12". Cloth covered boards, and bearing the Brown University insignia on the cover.

Clarence Darrow Book Signed. The Story of My Life. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1932. First edition. Inscribed by Darrow on half-title page, "Inscribed to/ Andrew P Canning/ with the kind regards of his/ old time friend/ Clarence Darrow/ Chicago August 5th - 1932." 8vo. 495 pp. Publisher's full blue cloth with gilt titles. Top edge stained red. Cloth is lightly rubbed with minor wear to extremities. Spine is darkened with a slight lean. Pages modestly toned throughout. Faint library call number on spine with no other library markings. A very good copy.

Composer Englebert Humperdinck Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages, in German, penned on recto and verso of first page only, on his "Grunewald - Berlin, Trabenerstr. 2" letterhead, March 30, 1909. German composer Humperdinck, best known for his opera Hänsel und Gretel, writes to an unknown correspondent regarding some of his (unidentified) works. The translated letter reads in part: "My dear Colleague! Doctor Kyllmann tells me that you will have the kindness to look over another hundred songs for me. I think you very much for your willingness which is the more relevant these days as I am burdened with many fold business affairs before I depart for Milan. I hope that the trouble which you kindly took upon yourself for my sake will not be too much for you."

Although undocumented, it is possible that "Doctor Kyllmann" is Otto Kyllmann, a Brit who held a senior directorship of the Constable & Co. publishing firm from 1909 until 1950; Humperdinck may have been trying to have some of his compositions published, and turned to Kyllmann for help. At this time, Humperdinck was acting as the head of a Meister-Schule (Master Class) of composition, working on several of his own pieces, and collaborating with colleagues in the theater, so his request for assistance is understandable. Letter is lightly age toned and in fine condition.

Albert Einstein Printed Photograph Signed Twice. Unusual two-sided printed image of the great physicist Albert Einstein, in candid poses. Clipped from the book Einstein His Life and Times by Philipp Frank (translated from a German manuscript by George Rosen), copyright 1947 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., n.p., 1948.

Side 1: Depicts "Einstein in his study at the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton, 1940." Einstein stands before a chalkboard, wearing scruffy jeans and an ill-fitting sweatshirt. Image is signed "A. Einstein '48" on the image itself. Side 2: In this image, we see "Einstein in the study of his home 112 Mercer Street, Princeton, 1938." Wearing a denim jacket, Mr. Einstein ponders a table filled with stacks of papers. Signed "A. Einstein '48" at lower white border.

Although Albert Einstein's autograph is not uncommon, the demand vastly outweighs the supply, making this science's best contemporary autograph. As such, this dual image with signatures on each side is extremely desirable. Heavy crease down center. Tape stains at extreme edges do not affect signatures. Near fine.

Thomas Alva Edison Typed Document Signed "Thos A Edison". Two pages. 8.25" x 11". Typed minutes of a meeting of the board of directors of Edison Storage Battery Company, dated April 23, 1926, at the principal office of the corporation, West Orange, New Jersey. The document approves motions for the purchase of various ingredients necessary for the business and is also signed by the board members who include Charles Edition, Henry Lanahan, Harry F. Miller, John V. Miller, William H. Meadowcroft, G. E. Stringfellow, and C. S. Williams, Jr. The paper has toned slightly, otherwise the signatures, are bright and in fine condition.

Albert Einstein Inscribed Photograph, 10" x 12", showing the physicist handsomely dressed in his early forties, shortly after he decided to let his graying hair grow longer. Einstein has inscribed below the photo in blue ink in German, "Something to remember us by, dedicated in friendship to an ardent awakener of the Jewish soul and one who successfully fought for our university. Albert Einstein May 1921." During the spring of 1921, Einstein, already a celebrity, made his first visit to America drawing large crowds of reporters and the curious, and meeting President Harding in April. While in New York City, the New York Times (April 3, 1921) reported that "He looked like an artist." Sometime near that date, he had this photograph taken by Herman Mishkin's photography studio (stamped "Mishkin N.Y." in lower right).

Einstein's visit was the result of his acceptance of an invitation to accompany Chaim Weizmann, the president of the World Zionist Organization, on a fundraising tour of the eastern United States. Weizmann used the popular Einstein to draw crowds and increase donations, which would be used to help Jews settle Palestine. It was only after the rise of anti-Semitism in Germany following World War I that the physicist embraced his Jewish legacy and identity, thereby adopting Zionism. One of his key interests in the movement was the proposed Jewish university to be located in Jerusalem, which is certainly what he refers to in this inscription (Hebrew University opened in 1925). In early May 1921, Einstein and Weizmann visited Princeton University (which Einstein liked) and Harvard University (which he didn't). At Princeton, Einstein lectured for a week, but during his two-day visit to Harvard, he spent most of his time with Weizmann attending Zionist dinners and rallies. The photo could have been inscribed during those two days and given to an unnamed supporter. Another, and more attractive, possibility is that the photo was inscribed and given to Weizmann, who was also an advocate for the university and later served with Einstein on the university's first Board of Governors. The photo has minor soiling on verso. Fine condition.

Chester A. Arthur Executive Mansion Card Signed as President. Imprinted "Executive Mansion, Washington" in blue ink on heavy cardstock, 4" x 2.5" card, n.d. President Arthur's signature is quite large and is boldly penned at center. Minor age toning, else very fine.

Grover Cleveland Engraving Signed with envelope. Below the engraving of the White House (5" x 3.75"), the president has signed "Grover Cleveland/ June 6, 1896." The envelope, with a return address of "Executive Mansion", is addressed to Martin Henry Silk and postmarked June 8, 1896. Fine.

Benjamin Harrison Signed White House Engraving, 4.75" x 3.75", n.p., dated Feb. 17, 1890 in an unknown hand on the verso. Additional notes in pencil and light soiling to verso, near fine.

Benjamin Harrison Signed Engraved Vignette of the White House, 4.75" x 3.75", signed "Benj Harrison" beneath the image in black fountain ink. Gentle mat burn at margins and spots of mounting remnants present at all four corners on verso. Near fine condition.

William McKinley Executive Mansion Card Signed. Imprinted "Executive Mansion, Washington" in blue ink on heavy cardstock, 4.25" x 2.75" card, n.d. Boldly penned at center. Card shows moderate age toning. Fine condition.

Theodore Roosevelt White House Card Signed as President. Imprinted "The White House, Washington" in blue ink on heavy cardstock, 4" x 2.5" card, n.d. President Roosevelt has penned his large, bold signature to this slightly age toned calling card. Fine condition.

William H. Taft Signature and Sentiment on a White House Card. 4.25" x 2.75", dated "June 7. 1911" in Taft's hand. Evenly toned with a slight stain at top, mentioned only for the sake of accuracy.

Woodrow Wilson White House Card Signed. Imprinted "The White House, Washington" in blue ink on heavy cardstock, 4" x 2.75" card, n.d. At the upper left corner, President Wilson has added his signature. Card is slightly age toned. Very fine condition.

Edith Bolling Wilson White House Engraving Signed "Edith Bolling Wilson". 6.5" x 4". Woodrow Wilson's first lady has boldly signed this engraved Springtime scene of the White House. Damp stained along the edges, not affecting the signature or central theme, otherwise in very good condition.

Warren G. Harding Signature on a White House Card, 4.25" x 2.75". N.d., n.p., near fine save a few mounting remnants on verso.

Calvin Coolidge Signed White House Card 4.25" x 2.75", n.d., n.p. Light mat burn at all edges, few spots of mounting remnants on verso.

Herbert Hoover Signature on a White House Card, 4.25" x 2.75", n.p., n.d. Lightly age toned and near fine.

Franklin Roosevelt Autograph "Franklin D. Roosevelt" on a "White House/ Washington" card, 4.25" x 3", n.d. This bold signature is in very fine condition.

Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt White House Autograph Cards Signed "Franklin D. Roosevelt" and "Eleanor Roosevelt". 4.25" x 2.75". On cards printed "The White House/ Washington" in the upper right corner. The President's signature has faded slightly; Eleanor's is bold and bright. Both examples in very good condition.

Eleanor and James Roosevelt White House Cards Signed "Eleanor Roosevelt" and "James Roosevelt". 4.25" x 2.75" (James's slightly larger). On cards with "The White House/ Washington" printed in the top right corner. Bold signatures of the First Lady and her eldest son with some mounting remnants on the verso, with some toning and a small area of damp stain on James Roosevelt's card, else very good examples.

Eleanor Roosevelt White House Engraving Signed as First Lady. Handsome engraved image of the White House, image size 5" x 3.5", overall size 8" x 6", signed at lower border "Eleanor Roosevelt." Engraving shows light age toning. All items are in fine condition.

Dwight D. Eisenhower Card to His Personal Physician General Howard McCrum Snyder Signed as President "D.E.". 2.25" x 4.25". On gilt edge card with gilt U.S. seal, with the original transmittal envelope addressed in typescript to "GENERAL SNYDER". Fine condition.

Dwight D. Eisenhower White House Card Signed as President "D.E.". 4" x 2.5". On printed "The White House/ Washington" card with "Happy Birthday" in typescript, complete with transmittal envelope. A notation in pencil on the envelope reads: "carnations & snap dragons/ Feb. 7-1955". In fine condition.

Gerald R. Ford White House Card Signed as President "Gerald R. Ford". 4" x 2.5". On card with "The White House/ Washington" printed (embossed) in the top right corner and Presidential seal (embossed) in the left corner. Bright, bold signature in fine condition.

Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter Signed Engraved White House Vignette, 8" x 6", matted to an overall size of 10" x 8". Signed beneath the image in black ink. Fine condition.

Superb Lot of First Lady Signed White House Cards including examples signed "Grace Coolidge", "Bess W. Truman", "Mamie Doud Eisenhower", and "Pat Nixon". All examples signed on 3.75" x 2.5" (the Coolidge example is slightly larger) cards with "The White House/ Washington" printed at the top right corner. Also included is a 4" x 2.5" card signed "Margaret Truman", daughter of the President. All examples in fine condition (mounting remnants on the verso of the Coolidge example), displaying large, bright signatures.

[Dolley Madison] Mary [Cutts] Autograph Letter Signed Regarding the Death of Dolley Madison. Three and one-half pages, 8.25" x 10.5", August 29, 1849, Washington, to "My dear Annie", reporting on the final days, death, and burial of "my beloved Aunt." This letter is on blue paper, with fold, and signed "Mary". Fine.

James Monroe Document Signed as president. One vellum page, 13" x 9.75", November 27, 1820, "City of Washington". The handwritten ink has faded, though Monroe's signature remains very legible. The document shows weakness at the folds, with slight separation. Good condition.

James Monroe Land Patent Signed "James Monroe" as president. One page, 15.75" x 9.75", December 6, 1821, Washington, D.C., partially printed on vellum with endorsement on the verso. Fine.

James Monroe 1819 Land Grant Document Signed as President "James Monroe". One page, 13.25" x 8.75". September 21, 1819. The document is countersigned by Josiah Meigs, Commissioner of the General Land Office. The document displays old fold creases and is slightly soiled, but Monroe's signature remains bright. Very good.

[John Quincy Adams] A Sketch of the Life and Services of John Quincy Adams, President of the United States of America. N.p., 1828. 5.5" x 9". 16pp. Stitched. Foxing; near fine.

Millard Fillmore Letter Signed. One page, 8" x 10", February 12, 1853, Washington, regarding the reappointment of Secret Inspector B. Thompson of Buffalo, New York ("cannot extend it beyond four months"). Folds with light soiling; fine condition with a bold presidential signature.

Millard Fillmore Book Signed and dated December 1, 1862, on the title page. An Universal History, from the Earliest Account of Time. Compiled from Original Authors; and Illustrated with Maps, Cuts, Notes &c. Vol. XIII. London: T. Osborne, 1748. Edition unknown. 8vo. 546 pp. Custom full brown cloth binding with gilt stamped spine. Pages mildly toned. Scattered pencil notations. Two folding plates and two folding maps. A very good copy.

Millard Fillmore Book Signed on title page. An Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of the United States, for the Year 1840. Washington: J. and G. S. Gideon, 1842. 8vo. 101 pages. Disbound. There is a one-half-inch ink stain affecting first few letters of signature. Pages are toned with minor foxing throughout.

James Buchanan Manuscript Document Signed, a receipt for a payment of twenty dollars for services rendered to the estate of Edward Brien of Lancaster. One page, 8" x 3.25", ink docket on verso. Very good, with a tiny separation at one fold.

[James Buchanan] Manuscript Invitation to Secretary of State Buchanan's Christmas Dinner. One page, approximately 5" x 7", n.p. (Philadelphia), December 21, 1847. Accompanied by a calling card with the following imprint: "Mr. Buchanan." Invitation and calling card have been glued to a larger backing sheet measuring 7.5" x 9.75". Both pieces show moderate soiling. Generally very good.

[Abraham Lincoln] Invitation to Call on the President and Mrs. Lincoln. One page, 5.25" x 2.5", March 1, 1864, [Washington, D.C.], printed, with original addressed transmittal envelope. The invitation was sent to Maine Congressman (and later Governor) Sidney Perham and family. Very attractively framed (17.5" x 11.5" overall) with cartes de visite of President and Mrs. Lincoln. Very fine.

Ulysses S. Grant Partly Printed Appointment Signed as President. Oversized document, 18" x 13.5", City of Washington, March 14, 1873. Oversized document, 18" x 13.5", City of Washington, March 14, 1873. Dark toning and light soiling, with chipping occurring at top and right margins. Margins remain sufficient to allow for matting making an attractive presentation. Signature is light but remains visible.

Frederick Dent Grant Autograph Letter Signed, one page, 5" x 8", New York, Dec. 28, 1888. Grant writes on behalf of his widowed mother, "that she is unable to comply with your request... and send you an autograph of he husband, General Grant." Even toning, with a small crease at lower left.

Rutherford B. Hayes Autograph Card Twice-Signed "Rutherford B. Hayes". 3.75" x 2.5". Hayes has signed in full on both sides of the card. Both signatures are bright, bold and in fine condition.

Rose Cleveland Autograph Manuscript Eulogy for Henry Ward Beecher Signed "Rose Elisabeth Cleveland". Five pages. 8" x 10". Holland Patent, New York, April, 1887. An excellent manuscript, full of wonderful content, written in a bold, bright, legible hand and in fine condition. Complete with later two-page typescript transcription.

Benjamin Harrison Signature on a Small Card, 3.5" x 2", adding "Iowa". Dated "Oct. 12 '88" in pencil in an unknown hand, possibly denoting the date it was obtained, during his campaign for the 1888 presidential election. Near fine.

William McKinley Commission Document Signed as Governor of Ohio "Wm Mckinley Jr". One page. 14" x 17". Partially printed, with engraved vignette at the head of the document and the gold seal of Ohio affixed at the lower left corner. July 3, 1893. Governor McKinley appoints S. H. Holding as notary public of Cuyahoga County. Slight toning to paper and a few trivial areas of soiling, else a fine signature.

Theodore Roosevelt Partly Printed Document Signed as President appointing Edwin V. Morgan as an envoy to Cuba. Oversized DS, 18" x 13", City of Washington, November 29, 1905. Morgan had recently been the U.S. Minister to Korea, where he had served as host to Roosevelt's daughter Alice on her visit the previous summer. Unevenly toned, with separations at fold repaired on verso.

First Lady Edith K. Roosevelt Autograph Letter Signed "Edith K. Roosevelt". Two pages. 5" x 6.5". On her personal Sagamore Hill, Oyster Bay, New York letterhead, December 28, [no year]. A friendly letter written to a "Mrs. Greenwood" in which Mrs. Roosevelt speaks of tree trimming and gardening. A bright, bold letter in fine condition.

William Howard Taft Inscribed Signed Photograph "For Mrs Lloyd Bowers from one who/ loved and valued her husband./ Oct 5th 1910 Wm H Taft". 9.25" x 12.25". Lloyd Bowers was Taft's Solicitor General, serving from 1909 until September 9, 1910, when he died suddenly of a blood clot in his heart. There is some modest soiling in the margins surrounding the portrait, else Taft's inscription is bright, bold, legible and in very good condition.

Edith Bolling Wilson Autograph Letter Signed "Edith Bolling Wilson/ (Mrs. Woodrow Wilson)". Two pages. 4.5" x 7". On her personal letterhead. Undated. With the usual fold creases, else a fine example in the lovely flowing hand of Mrs. Wilson.

Edith Bolling Wilson Autograph Letter Signed "Edith Bolling Wilson [Mrs. Woodrow Wilson]". One page, 5.75" x 3.75", on card with printed address. February 7, 1931. The former First Lady thanks a "Mr. Anderson" for his kind thoughts on her husband. Fine.

[Woodrow Wilson] Leonard Wood Signed Parade Commission for the 1913 Inauguration of President Wilson. One page, 12" x 15.75", March 1, 1913, Washington, D.C., partially printed. General Leonard Wood was the commanding colonel of the Rough Riders prior to Theodore Roosevelt assuming command. Light soiling at the edges, else fine.

Calvin Coolidge Signed and Inscribed Photograph, 8" x 6", a black and white glossy portrait of Coolidge sitting at his desk. Boldly inscribed to Grace T. Gaskell and signed in black fountain ink; image is trimmed and glossy surface has light scratches throughout. Very good condition and suitable for framing. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Herbert Hoover Typed Letter Signed as President-Elect "Herbert Hoover". One page. 7.25" x 11". On his personal letterhead. November 18, 1928, to Chester Brown, Alto Pass, Illinois, with the original transmittal envelope. Paper slightly toned with areas of browning, the usual fold creases, else very good condition.

Herbert Hoover Typed Manuscript with Handwritten Annotations. Three pages, 8.5" x 11", August 9, 1963, n.p., entitled "Statement by Mr. Herbert Hoover on his eighty-ninth birthday - August 10, 1963." One page contains Hoover's penciled annotations, while the remaining two pages contain the corrected text. Fine.

Herbert Hoover Book Signed and Inscribed. Fishing For Fun - And to Wash Your Soul. New York: Random House, [1963]. First edition. Inscribed by Hoover on half-title page, "To Dr. Hilary H. Holmes/ and the/ Matamajaw Salmon Club/ The good wishes/ and good luck/ from/ Herbert Hoover". 8vo. 86 pp. Publisher's black quarter cloth with blue boards. Gilt stamping to spine and front. Foxing to page edges. Dust jacket is rubbed with chipping to spine ends. Toning to edges and offsetting to rear panel. A very good copy.

Herbert Hoover Photograph Inscribed and Signed. Full color image of Hoover circa 1960, inscribed to the widow of US Navy admiral and pioneer naval aviator, John H. Towers. Inscribed on lower matte: "To Mrs. John H. Towers With the Good Wishes of Herbert Hoover." Image measures approximately 7" x 7", matted to an overall size of 10" x 12". Matte is moderately age toned with minor corner wear; image is fine.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Document Signed as president. Two pages, front and verso, 10" x 13.25", July 7, 1934, "Government House, [St. Thomas] Virgin Islands of the United States", partially printed. The document contains some separation along center horizontal fold. Some irregular edges. Good condition.

Dwight D. Eisenhower Typed Letter Signed as President. One page, on White House letterhead, approximately 7" x 9", Washington DC, December 28, 1956. Accompanied by original transmittal envelope. Signed "D.E." and in pristine condition. Very fine.

Dwight D. Eisenhower Typed Letter Signed as President "D. E.". One page. 7" x 8.75". On White House letterhead, Washington, D. C., October 18, 1954, to Dr. Howard McCrum Snyder, Physician to the President. Ike thanks his personal physician for the birthday gift of an English boxwood tree which his staff planted on his Gettysburg farm. With the usual fold creases and some modest toning, else very good.

Mamie Eisenhower Autograph Letter Signed as First Lady. Two pages, penned on recto and verso, 4.5" x 7", on gilt-embossed White House stationery, Washington DC, November 18, 1954. The First Lady sends a gracious and personal thank you to "My dear Mrs. McCaffree," Personal and Social Secretary to the First Lady. Sharp, clean, and pristine.

Lyndon Baines Johnson Book Signed. The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency 1963-1969. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, [1971]. First edition. Signed by Johnson on gilt embossed note paper tipped to half-title page. Additionally, there is a note card tipped to verso of front free endpaper with "Merry Christmas" inscribed and "Mr. and Mrs. Lyndon Baines Johnson" printed below. 8vo. 636 pages. Publisher's full red cloth with stamping in gilt and blue. Gilt has dulled. Dust jacket has light rubbing and a few small tears to spine tail. There are a couple of light fold lines to lower corner of front inner flap. A near fine copy.

[Lyndon Johnson] Five Autographs from His Administration, including an autopen signature of the president. Each card is near 4" x 2.5". In addition to Johnson's signed card are those signed by Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Maxwell Taylor. Included is a letter of transmittal on White House letterhead signed by Juanita D. Roberts, President Johnson's personal secretary: "The President sends the enclosure to you with his very best wishes." All are in fine condition.

George Herbert Walker Bush Typed Letter Signed as Vice President "George Bush". One page. 7" x 9". Washington, July 25, 1981, to Representative Jack Edwards from Alabama. With a central fold crease, else fine.

William Jefferson Clinton Typed Letter Signed on White House letterhead. One page, 6.75" x 8.75", [Wahsington], July 16, 1996. President Clinton thanks the recipient for his note, adding: "I hope you will continue to write such meaningful pieces -- surely many like myself have benefited from your father's story being told." Fine condition.

Large Lot of U.S. President's Clipped Signatures including "Andrew Jackson", 4.5" x 1", mounted to paper backing; "Truly yours/ Millard Fillmore", 4.25" x 1.25", mounted on paper backing; "Wm H Taft", 5.5" x 1.25"; "Warren G. Harding", 6" x 2.5"; and "Calvin Coolidge", 4.25" x 2.25". The lot also includes an engraved portrait of Andrew Johnson, 6" x 8", and a cabinet card of Benjamin Harrison and his family, 4.25" x 6.5". All signatures are in very good condition; the cabinet card of Harrison is tattered at the bottom edge and upper right corner.

Confederate General John Adams Signature. Adams signs during the Mexican War, "John Adams/ Capt 1st Drag's" (2.5" x 1"). A capable leader, Adams was later serving as a Confederate brigadier general when he was killed at the Second Battle of Franklin on November 30, 1864. Fine.

Major Robert Anderson Carte de Visite, 2.5" x 4", the Fort Sumter Union commander stands in uniform aside a chair. Photographed by Silsbee, Case & Co. of Boston (stamped on verso). "Maj. Anderson" is written in pencil on verso. Near fine.

Confederate General William Edwin Baldwin Clipped Signature "W. E. Baldwin". Baldwin had the dubious distinction of being captured and exchanged twice. A broken stirrup caused him to fall off of his horse and he died near Dog River Factory, Alabama on February 19, 1864. This scarce signature is bold, bright and in fine condition.

Confederate General William Barksdale Clipped Signature "Wm Barksdale". Barksdale participated in many of the early battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. Mortally wounded at Gettysburg and died on July 3, 1863. A very good example of this rare signature.

Confederate General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard Autograph Card Signed "G. T. Beauregard/ 1887". 4" x 2". Mounted to a backing slightly larger backing. This post-war signed autograph card features a big, bold signature in near fine condition.

Confederate General Barnard Elliott Bee Clipped Signature "B. E. Bee/ Capt. 10th Infy/ Commdg. Co. D.". 4.5" x 1.75". Mounted to a larger backing. Bee commanded two regiments at the 1st Battle of Bull Run and it was during that battle that Bee was mortally wounded and died on July 22, 1861. Bee is also credited with giving General Thomas J. Jackson his "Stonewall" nickname. An early example from Bee's pre-war service in the U. S. Army. Near fine condition.

[John Brown of Osawatomie] Owen Brown Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages, 5" x 7.75", December 6, 1866, "Corn Planter, Venango Co., Pa", to brothers John [Jr.] and Jason, concerning loaned money and various familial topics. Folds and light soiling; else fine.

[John Brown of Osawatomie] Two John Brown Jr. Autograph Letters Signed. The two letters, John Brown Jr.'s retained copies, are also signed by Owen Brown (Ruth B. Thompson has signed one). Both dated 1884 regarding the tenancy transfer of an eighty acre tract of land owned by the Browns in New York. Very good to fine.

John Brown, Jr. Twice Signed Copy of The Legislative Guide, Containing All the Rules for Conducting Business in Congress; Jefferson's Manual; and The Citizen's Manual. . . ., written by Joseph Bartlett Burleigh. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co., 1852. 8vo. 287pp plus a 30-page appendix. Full sheep with gilt-stamped red morocco title label to spine. Leather rubbed and extremities worn.

Confederate General Abraham Buford Clipped Signature "A Buford". A West Point graduate, he fought at the Siege of Vicksburg and was attached to Nathan Bedford Forrest's Cavalry Corps until the end of the war. An excellent example of this rare signature in near fine condition.

Schuyler Colfax Signed Brady Carte de Visite , 2.5" x 4", n.d. The signature of President Grant's vice president is boldly signed below Colfax's image. Printed on verso: "Brady & Co.'s National Photographic Portrait Galleries" with address. Fine.

Lot of 10 Confederate General's Signatures including Xavier B. De Bray, Robert Frederick Hoke, Wade Hampton, Arthur P. Bagby, Richard Montgomery Gano, Franklin Gardner, Daniel Weisiger Adams, John Brown Gordon, William Hugh Young, Robert Brank Vance. All examples are in very good to fine condition, some with mounting remnants on the verso. The lot includes war time (noted) and post war signatures and are in the form of clipped signatures and autograph cards.

Superb Lot of Six Confederate General's Signatures including Samuel Cooper, William Miller, Gideon Johnson Pillow, Thomas Lafayette Rosser, William Steele, and Marcus Joseph Wright.

Lot of 16 Confederate General's Signatures including William Terry, William Smith, George Hume Steuart, Albert Rust, Alfred Cumming, Philip Cook, Edward Porter Alexander, James Ronald Chalmers, James Conner, Alfred Holt Colquitt, Lucius Jeremiah Gartrell, Sterling "Old Pap" Price, Roger Atkinson Pryor, William Henry Forney, Hugh Weedon Mercer, and John Stuart Williams. All examples are in very good to fine condition, some with mounting remnants on the verso. The lot includes war time (noted) and post war signatures and are in the form of clipped signatures and autograph cards.

Lot of 12 Confederate Generals and 1 Confederate Admiral's Signature including Raphael Semmes, Gabriel James Rains, John George Walker, William Henry Fitzhugh Payne, Mansfield Lovell, Bushrod Rust Johnson, Louis Hébert, James Lawson Kemper, Basil Wilson Duke, Samuel Gibbs French, Joseph Wheeler, Alexander Welch Reynolds, and Edmund Kirby Smith. All examples are in very good to fine condition, some with mounting remnants on the verso. The lot includes war time (noted) and post war signatures and are in the form of clipped signatures and autograph cards.

Large Lot of 13 Confederate General's Signatures including John Cabell Breckinridge, Winfield Scott Featherston, John Crawford Vaughn, Matt Whitaker Ransom, Stephen Dill Lee, Charles Miller Shelley, John Robert Jones, Harrison Harris, Richard Taylor, George Gibbs Dibrell, John Clifford Pemberton, Birkett Davenport Fry, and Philip Dale Roddey. All examples are in very good to fine condition, some with mounting remnants on the verso. The lot includes war time (noted) and post war signatures and are in the form of clipped signatures and autograph cards.

Lot of 11 Confederate General's Signatures including Robert Augustus Toombs, Samuel Jameson Gholson, Robert Lowry, William Preston, William Brimage Bate, John Calvin Brown, Paul Octave Hébert, Francis Redding Tillon Nicholls, Francis Marion Cockrell, John King Jackson, and William Hicks "Red" Jackson. All examples are in very good to fine condition, some with mounting remnants on the verso. The lot includes war time (noted) and post war signatures and are in the form of clipped signatures and autograph cards.

Lot of 8 Confederate General's Clipped Signatures including John Sappington Marmaduke, Humphrey Marshall, Henry Heth, Jones Mitchell Withers, Henry Alexander Wise, Montgomery Dent Corse, George Bibb Crittenden, and Alpheus Baker. All examples in very good or better condition. Some examples may have mounting remnants present and some have been mounted to stiff backing.

Lot of 7 Confederate General's Signatures including David Emanuel Twiggs, Robert Hall Chilton, John Bullock Clark, Jr., Henry DeLamar Clayton, Benjamin Jefferson Hill, Sterling Alexander Martin Wood, and George Doherty Johnston.

Lot of 7 Confederate General's Signatures including William Montague Browne, Simon Bolivar Buckner, Matthew Calbraith Butler, William Nelson Rector Beall, John Creed Moore, John Tyler Morgan, and Daniel Harvey Hill. All examples are in very good to fine condition, some with mounting remnants on the verso. The lot includes war time (noted) and post war signatures and are in the form of clipped signatures and autograph cards.

Lot of 10 Confederate General's Clipped Signatures including Carter Littlepage Stevenson, John Horace Forney, Martin Witherspoon Gary, James Patton Anderson, William Whann Mackall, Braxton Bragg, Thomas Lanier Clingman, Howell Cobb, Henry Eustace McCulloch, and Lafayette McLaws. All examples are in very good to fine condition, some with mounting remnants on the verso. The lot includes war time (noted) and post war signatures and are in the form of clipped signatures and autograph cards.

Confederate General William G. M. Davis Letter Signed "W. G. M. Davis". Nine and one-quarter pages, 8" x 10", June 21, 1875, Jacksonville, Florida, to attorney and former Confederate general Joseph Finegan, concerning a Florida court case. On lined paper with light stains; fine.

Confederate President Jefferson Davis Autograph Card Signed "Jefferson Davis". 4" x 2.25". Signed post-Civil War by Davis and not by his wife, Varina Howell Davis (who frequently signed his name). A bright, clear signature on a slightly toned autograph card with mounting remnants on the verso, else a near fine example.

Confederate General Daniel Smith Donelson Signature, 3" x 2". The nephew of Andrew Jackson and brother of Andrew Jackson Donelson (President Jackson's personal secretary) has written, "Respectfully/ your Obt. Svt./ D. S. Donelson/ Brig. Genl. Cmmdr." A popular Tennessee politician (Fort Donelson was named in his honor), Daniel Donelson retired as speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives to volunteer in the Tennessee militia where he served as brigadier general until his death from disease near Knoxville in the spring of 1863. Donelson's very scarce signature has been excised from a larger document. Fine.

Confederate General Jubal Early Signature, 4.75" x 2.5". A skilled Confederate general known for his cursing, Early has signed (and left undated), "J. A. Early/ Lynchburg,/ Virginia." Fine.

Confederate General Stephen Elliott, Jr. Clipped Signature "Very Respectfully/ Yr Obt Servt/ Stephen Elliott Jr/ Capt Beaufort Artillery". Elliott fought in the Wilderness Campaign and was wounded at the Battle of the Crater, wounds he would eventually succumb to on February 21, 1866. With fold creases, else bright, bold and a scarce signature in fine condition.

Confederate General Richard Ewell Signature, 4.25" x 1.5". The Confederate general has written, "I am in[?] [...] at this time to do better/ Yours/ R. S. Ewell." Virginian Richard Stoddard Ewell (1817-1872) graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in 1840. A Confederate brigadier at First Manassas, Ewell was a corps commander at Gettysburg. His cautious decision to not attack Federal positions on Cemetery Hill has often been considered the error that handed ultimate victory to the Union. Irregularly cut (excised from a larger document) and affixed to equal sized card stock. Signature is slightly smeared; near fine.

Confederate General John Buchanan Floyd Clipped Signature "John B Floyd". 4.75" x .75". Floyd served as Secretary of War under President James Buchanan. When Virginia succeeded he was appointed Major General in the Provisional Army of Virginia. Floyd had no practical military experience and it was a grievous error when General Albert Sidney Johnston placed him in command of the defense of Fort Donelson. Floyd was promptly surrounded by Union troops led by General Ulysses S. Grant. Fearing being arrested for treason if captured by Grant, he made good his escape the night before the fort capitulated to Grant. His actions caused him to be immediately relieved of command by Jefferson Davis. He served as Major General in the Virginia State Militia until his death by natural causes on August 26, 1863. A clean, bold example of this scarce signature in fine condition.

Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest Clipped Signature "N B Forrest". 3" x .75". Forrest was perhaps the best cavalry commander of the Civil War. He is also one of the first military commanders to grasp the concept of "mobile warfare". This signature, excised from a Confederate bond is a beautiful example, bright and in near fine condition. Arguably the most desirable of all Confederate autographs.

Confederate General Robert Seldon Garnett Clipped Signature "R. S. Garnett". Garnett, like many of his fellow Confederate generals, was a West Point graduate. He was killed in actions at Rich Mountain on July 13, 1861, giving him the dubious honor of being the first general officer killed in the Civil War. This bold example has ever-so-slightly faded, otherwise is a very good example of this extremely rare signature.

Confederate General Isham Warren Garrott Clipped Signature "I W Garrott". Garrott formed the 20th Alabama Infantry and was appointed their Colonel. It was in this capacity that he signed the document from which this signature was cut. He was killed by a Union sharpshooter during the siege of Vicksburg on June 17, 1863. A fine, bright example of this rare signature.

Confederate General Richard Caswell Gatlin Autograph Letter Signed "R. C. Gatlin". One page, 5" x 8", January 10, 1880, Fort Smith [Arkansas]. West Point graduate and former Confederate brigadier general Gatlin writes a short note to an autograph seeker from New Jersey. A veteran of the Seminole Wars and the Mexican War, Gatlin served in various positions during the Civil War as commander of Southern coastal defenses. After the war, he retired to Fort Smith. On lined paper; fine.

Battle of Gettysburg: Weikert Family Album of Cartes de Visite. handsome engraved and embossed leather photo album featuring numerous images of Weikert family members. With metal clasps and gilt-edged pages; includes seven tintypes and 22 albumen images of family members, with a few pencil identifications and Gettysburg photo studio backstamp. Book measures 5.5" x 6.5" and is 2.25" thick. Minor wear and scuffing to board edges and corners; binding and spine intact and in fine condition.

Confederate General Thomas Green Signature, 3.25" x 2". The future Confederate brigadier general has written as clerk for the Texas State Supreme Court, "Filed Apr 29, 1853/ T. Green/ CLK/ S.C." Excised from a larger court document; fine.
A veteran of the Texas Revolution, Indian wars, and the Mexican War, Green, who had studied law in Tennessee as a young man, was serving as a clerk for the Texas State Supreme Court in 1853. A Confederate brigadier general during the Civil War, Green fought in New Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana, where he was killed in battle on April 1864 at Blair's Landing.

Confederate General Benjamin Hardin Hale Clipped Signature "B. H. Helm". 3" x 1.5" on lined paper. He was mortally wounded during the Battle of Chickamauga and died on September 20, 1863. The paper has toned slightly, otherwise the signature remains clear. A scarce Confederate autograph in fine condition.

Confederate General John Bell Hood Signature, "J. B. Hood Genl.", 3.75" x .5", along with a toned image of the Texas Confederate general in uniform. The signature has been excised from a larger document. Very good.

Confederate General Benjamin Huger Letter Signed as commander of Pikesville Arsenal to the secretary of war [John B. Floyd] concerning "the armory at Harper's Ferry." One page, 8" x 10", March 5, 1858, Pikesville Arsenal [Maryland]. On lined paper; fine.

Confederate General Alfred Iverson Jr. Autograph Letter Signed "A. Iverson". One page, 5" x 8", January 6, 1860, "Washington City". Future Confederate General Iverson writes to "Mr. J. S. Lyon" concerning an article published in "the Globe". Fine.

Confederate General Bradley Tyler Johnson Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 5.5" x 8", March 27, 1888, Baltimore, on "Law Office of Johnson & Johnson" letterhead, responding to James T. Dennis that he has "no meting of Ashby of any kind or I should be glad to send you the only souvenir I have of him is the coat in which he was killed by my side." Toned (some unevenness) with mounting remnants on verso; near fine.

Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston Signature. "A. Sidney Johnston/ Paymaster U.S.A." (4" x 1.75"). Johnston, who served as a paymaster in the U.S. Army from 1849 through 1854, was later killed as a Confederate general at the Battle of Shiloh. Excised from a larger document; fine.

Confederate General Joseph Eggleston Johnston Card Signed "J. E. Johnston". 3.5" x 2.25", on autograph card. A fine example.

Confederate General James Henry Lane Clipped Signature "J. H. Lane". Lane was a graduate of V.M.I. and entered Confederate service as a Major in the 1st North Carolina Volunteers. He saw action in several major battles including the Peninsula Campaign in which he was wounded twice, Gettysburg, and the Wilderness. He surrendered at Appomattox. A bright, bold signature in very good condition.

Confederate General Fitzhugh Lee Post-War Autograph Letter Signed "Fitz Lee". One page, 5" x 8", May 23, 1901, Washington, D.C. This is a wonderfully personal letter, in fine condition with the usual old fold creases.

Confederate General George Washington Custis Lee Post-Civil War Autograph Letter Signed "G W C Lee". Two pages, 7.5" x 9.75", November 19, 1875, Lexington, Virginia, to Col. Boyd Edelin, Bellefield, Maryland. The letter is slightly toned with browning in the creases from old tape reinforcements on the verso, otherwise legible, bright and in very good condition.

Confederate General Lewis Henry Little Clipped Signature "Henry Little". Little was already an old campaigner by the time the Civil War started. He was breveted for gallantry in action at the Battle of Monterrey during the Mexican War. During the Civil War he commanded troops at the battles of Elkhorn and Iuka. At the latter battle he was shot from his horse and died on the battlefield, September 9, 1862. A fine example of this rare signature.

Confederate General John B. Magruder Autograph Letter Signed "J Bankhead Magruder". Two pages. 5" x 8". Dated April 23, 1867 to "Mrs. Colo [sic] Hughes", Baltimore, Maryland. Bright, legible, and other than the usual old fold creases, in fine condition.

Confederate General William Mahone Clipped Signature "Wm Mahone/ 1884 Virginia". Mahone was a V.M.I. graduate and participated in the battles at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Wilderness Campaign, and helped repulse the Union attack after the explosion of the mine at Petersburg. A bold, bright signature in fine condition.

Confederate General Lawrence O'Bryan Branch Signature. The antebellum U.S. Congressman from North Carolina and, later, Confederate brigadier general has signed, "L. OB. Branch/ Raleigh/ No. Ca." (5" x 1.5"). Branch was killed at the Battle of Antietam. Fine.

Confederate General John Pegram Clipped Signature "Jno. Pegram/ Brig Gen'l". Pegram was a West Point graduate who entered Confederate service as a Lt. Colonel. He was captured at Rich Mountain, making him the first former U.S. army officer to be captured while in Confederate service. He was paroled in exchange for a Union officer and later fought at Murfreesboro and Chickamauga. He was killed in actions at Hatcher's Run on February 6, 1865. A bright example of this extremely rare signature in fine condition.

Confederate General William Dorsey Pender Clipped Signature "W. D. Pender". Pender, a West Point graduate, fought at Seven Pines after which he was made a brigade and division commander in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was wounded three times during the Chancellorsville campaign and died of wounds sustained at Gettysburg. This example was signed by Pender in his pre-war days as 2nd Lt. of the 1st Dragoons. Examples of Pender's signature seldom reach the collector market making this bright example in near fine condition a particularly choice find.

Confederate Secretary of War and General George Wythe Randolph Clipped Signature "Respectfully/ Geo W Randolph/ Secretary of War". 3" x 1.5" on lined paper. Randolph joined the Confederate army shortly after the commencement of hostilities and was promoted from major to brigadier general after the Battle of Big Bethel. Randolph served as Confederate Secretary of War from March, 1862 until November of the same year. He came from a patrician Virginian family and was the grandson of Thomas Jefferson. A bright signature with trivial mounting remnants on the verso, else fine.

Confederate General Daniel Ruggles Autograph Document Signed "Daniel Ruggles" as Brigadier General. 3.5" x 4". Ruggles endorses recommendations for an officer of the 1st Alabama Volunteers - a Lieutenant Colonel [Isaiah George Washington] Steedman on this undated document. Some fading to the ink with the exception of Ruggles' signature, else in very good condition.

Confederate General Preston Smith Clipped Signature "Preston Smith/ Brig Genl". Smith was a lawyer from Tennessee who entered the Confederate army as a colonel. He was wounded at Shiloh, and during the Battle of Chickamauga, died on the battlefield after being ambushed by Union troops. A bright example of this extremely rare signature in fine condition.

Texas CSA: J. G. Wright Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages penned on recto and verso, 7.75" x 9.75", on blue lined paper, "Paris, Lamar County Texas, Janry 12, 1865." Content regards an attempt to straighten out complicated and mismanaged accounting of military funds owed and due. Minor age toning and wear at folds, else very fine.

Civil War Union Soldier's Letter Describing the Battle of Pocotaligo. One page penned on recto and verso, approximately 5" x 8", Hilton Head, SC, October 30, 1862. From James A. Pease of the 7th Connecticut Infantry, Company E, describing events surrounding the Battle of Pocotaligo. Pease comments: "Our Reg. Lost 2 killed and 27 wounded... The Boys here are sick of this War and would like to go home. I should think it was about time this war ended." Minor age toning and very faint staining along upper right edge.

Confederate General Walter Husted Stevens Clipped Signature "W. H. Stevens". Stevens, a West Point graduate, served as Chief Engineer under Robert E. Lee. After the war he became the superintendent of railroads in Mexico. A bright, bold example of this extremely scarce signature.

Confederate General Alexander Peter Stewart Autograph Letter Signed "Alex. P. Stewart". 5" x 8". Two pages, January 15, 1889, Las Vegas, New Mexico, to Ben. W. Austin, Dallas, Texas. A bright letter, legible, with some old mounting holes not affecting the content, otherwise in fine condition.

Confederate General Lloyd Tilghman Clipped Signature "Lloyd Tilghman". Tilghman, a West Point graduate, was captured early in the war while he led the defense of Fort Henry. He was exchanged for Union General John F. Reynolds. He took to the field again in late 1862 and fought at the Second Battle of Corinth. During the Vicksburg Campaign he was killed by a shell fragment at the Battle of Champion Hill, May 16, 1863. A fine bright example of this scarce signature.

Confederate General Edward Dorr Tracy Document Signed "E. D. Tracy". 3.5" x 6". Dated March 7, 1863. Mounted to a paper backing. Tracy has signed the document as Brigadier General of the 2nd Brigade. Tracy's rare signature is slightly faded and the document is rather soiled, with a small hole not affecting any of the text, else in very good condition.

Civil War Photograph Portrait Lot Including Southern Sympathizer Clement Laird Vallandigham [and] Union General William Selby Harney. This beautiful cabinet card measure 4.25" x 6.5" and is from the W.W. Washburn studio in New Orleans. The image is clear, sharp and in fine condition.

Confederate General William H. T. Walker Signature, 3" x 1.5", on lined paper excised from a larger document. The Confederate brigadier general writes, "Respectfully forwarded/ W. H. T. Walker/ B[?] County/ 8th Brigade." Walker was killed at the Battle of Atlanta in July 1864. Fine.

Confederate General Leroy Pope Walker Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 9.25" x 11.5", July 11, 1874, Huntsville, Alabama, on "Law Office of L. P. Walker" letterhead. The first Confederate War Secretary writes F. P. Ward concerning a postbellum court case. Toned with folds; fine.

Confederate General Edward Walthall Letter Signed. One page, 8" x 10", January 2, 1890, Washington, D.C., on "United States Senate" letterhead. Mississippi Senator Walthall, former Confederate general, has signed this postbellum letter recalling "ex Members of the Confederate Congress from Mississippi now living." On lined paper; fine.

Confederate General Edward Walthall Signature and Cabinet Card. The Confederate general and postbellum Mississippi senator has signed "E. C. Walthall/ Missi." (4.5" x 2", affixed to slightly larger card stock). The cabinet card shows a mature Walthall from mid-chest up. Both signature and cabinet card are in fine condition.

Confederate General Richard Waterhouse Clipped Signature "Richard Waterhouse". 3.25" x 1", mounted to a larger backing. Waterhouse was a veteran of the Mexican War and helped recruit the 19th Texas Infantry in 1862. He saw service in Arkansas and Louisiana and fought at Mansfield and Pleasant Hill. His service was so impressive that General Kirby Smith appointed him to Brigadier General, his appointment being confirmed by the Confederate Senate in the last weeks of the war. An extremely rare Confederate signature, bright and in near fine condition.

Confederate General William H. C. Whiting Signature, "W. H. C. Whiting", on blue lined paper, 3.25" x 3". A sixteen year veteran of the Army Corps of Engineers from Boston who spent most of his career on assignments in the South, Whiting joined the Confederacy at the start of the Civil War. He died of dysentery at a Union hospital in March 1865. The ink has faded on the excised signature. Fair condition.

Confederate General John Henry Winder Clipped Signature "Jn H Winder/ Brig Gen". 7.75" x 2" on Confederate "blue" paper. Richmond, February 10, 1862. Winder was a West Point graduate and was given the assignment of Provost Marshal in charge of prison camps. He was an unpopular figure in both the North and in his native South. He died before the end of the war of natural causes. An autograph note that the consignor indicates was written by Colonel Theodore B. Gates is written at the lower left corner and reads in full: "Gen. Winder became infamous by means of his alleged cruelty to Union prisoners." His signature has faded slightly else it is in very good condition.

John E. Wool Autograph Letter Signed as Inspector General of the Army. Two pages, two sided with one integral blank, 8" x 10", Boston, July 6, 1829. Wool forwards several political pamphlets. Letter is lightly age tone with numerous creases; generally fine condition. Accompanied by a handsome 6.5" x 9.5" engraving of Wool.

Three Civil War Era Cartes de Visite featuring General U. S. Grant in uniform (trimmed at the top corners), John Wilkes Booth, and "Emancipation", published by John Sowle, 1863 (one corner bent). Overall very good condition.

Collection of Fifteen Civil War Imprints: Mostly Congressional Speeches. Lot contains fifteen published speeches delivered by various members of the House of Representatives and the Senate. All tracts are disbound (except Authentic Speeches of S. P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury, During his Visit to Ohio, which has paper wrappers), most with string binding. Pamphlets show light to heavy age toning; some brittle pages. Generally very good to fine condition. Prospective buyers are advised to view lot carefully prior to bidding.

Confederate Printed Ballad, 2.5" x 3", beginning, "Bright Banner of Freedom with pride I
Unfurl thee;/ Fair Flag of my country with love I be/ hold thee." Above the ballad is printed a drawing of a canon and the Stars and Bars. On toned paper affixed to a larger piece of paper. Very good.

Civil War: Attorney's Handbill for "Military Pensions, Bounty Money, Bounty Lands, etc." One page, 8" x 9.75", n.d. [June 1863], Washington, D.C., printed with endorsement on the verso. Washington attorney Chas. C. Tucker offers veterans and their heirs assistance in procuring military pensions, bounty money, and bounty lands. Very fine.

Confederate General Felix Kirk Zollicoffer Clipped Signature "F K Zollicoffer/ Nashville/ Tenn". 4.75" x 1.5", mounted to a larger backing board. Zollicoffer was an Associate Editor of the Nashville Banner and served as Tennessee State Comptroller. He was appointed Major General in the Provisional Army of Tennessee and later Brigadier General in the Confederate Army. Zollicoffer was killed in an ambush at Mill Springs on January 19, 1862. Two raised areas as a result of mounting, else in fine condition. A scarce signature of a Confederate general killed early in the war.

Memorial of the U.S. Naval Engineers, to the XXXVIIIth Congress First Session. New York: C. A. Alvord, 1864. 6" x 9.25". 14pp. With an engraving featuring maritime vignettes on the slick cover by Jos. Schedler of New York. The covers are stained, with some tears and light pencil doodling on back cover. Very good condition.

Civil War: Four Military Documents, all dated 1862. Including a condition report for Co. "A", 10th Maine Regiment; two provision reports for the drum corps, 30th Virginia Volunteers; and a letter signed by the assistant secretary of war sending a Fredericksburg prisoner to Camp Delaware. All are good to fine condition.

Civil War: Five Copies of the Painesville [Ohio] Daily Telegraph, 1861. The paper, a daily (excepting Mondays) was devoted to war news, the more sensational the better. Each issue is four integral pages, 6.25" x 9.5", May 2-5, 1861 (two issues for May 2), Painesville, Ohio. Modest foxing and staining. Chipping at the corners, else, very good.

Civil War: Massachusetts Recruiting Broadside, 1865. One page, 11.25" x 16.25", May 18, 1865, Weston, Massachusetts. The broadside was issued under the orders of Captain Frank W. Bigelow. Slight weakness at the folds, modest foxing, and very minor chipping, else, very good.

Slavery Settlement of Mississippi Estate. Four pages, 9.25" x 15", January 25, 1864, Noxubee County, Mississippi, dividing the twenty-one "Negro Slaves of Dennis D. Hargrove" and listing their individual names and values (total value is $35,050). Some separation beginning at folds. Soiling.

Bradford & Read's Quarterly Catalogue of New Publications. Vol. I, No. 1, June 1812. 5" x 8.25". 24pp. This catalogue includes publications published by Bradford & Read, as well as those by other publishers. One section has become unbound; front wrapper has tear. Foxed and browned. Good condition.

Colonial Virginia: Documents Related to Debt for Seventeen Pistols, 1740. Three documents, each two pages, dated 1740 and 1741, Hanover County [Virginia], related to the purchase by James Rutledge of seventeen pistols from Captain William Tripplett. Splitting and repairs at the folds, else very good.

Early Massachusetts: Religious Journal "Observations Extracted from Sundry" in the Hand of Reverend Grindall Rawson of Massachusetts. The leather bound book is 4" x 6.25" with 200+ pages, May 30, 1784, through April 19, 1795, n.p., unsigned, but in the hand of Grindall Rawson. There are 48 pages of religious writings and the remainder notes on sermons. There is also a lot of two Rawson letters offered in this auction. Foxing and chipping at the edges. One block of pages loose from binding, else near fine.

Colonial Massachusetts: Reverend Grindall Rawson Autograph Letters (Two) to Thomas Hubbard, speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, asking for church funding, 1752 Both letters are four integral pages written on pages one through three and addressed and endorsed on page four, January 10 and 28, 1752, Ware River [Massachusetts]. Both are professionally inlayed on a larger sheet. Evenly toned, else, fine. Very interesting.

English Broadside: "Prices of Returns from North America." One partly printed page, 8" x 13", August 10, 1763, London. This English broadside, printed at the close of the French and Indian War, Some light wrinkling in the left column. Toned, with folds; near fine.

Harvard College Autograph Document entitled "A List of the Bonds, Notes, & Mortgages belonging to Harvard College in the Treasurer's hands." Four integral ledger pages, written on pages two through four, 7" x 16", December 30, 1772, n.p. [Cambridge, Massachusetts]. The pages list over 120 persons who owe monies to Harvard and the amount of their indebtedness. The entries run from August 22, 1752, to December 30, 1772. Weakness and splitting at fold. Repairs and reinforcement, else near fine. A document well worth further research.

Catalogue of a General Assortment of Books, English, Scotch, and American Edition. Boston: Phelps and Farnham, May 1824. 4.75" x 8". 24pp. Sewn. According to the front wrapper, many of the numerous books listed in the catalogue are "Selling at Reduced Prices, (Many at Less Than Half the Retail Prices) at No. 92, Court Street, Boston." Untrimmed, resulting in uneven margins. Toned pages, with minor stains; good condition.

The New England Anti-Masonic Almanac, 1835, No. 7. Boston: John Marsh ("Proprietor of the copyright"). 5" x 8". [44pp.] Unopened. Foxing with untrimmed edges. Very good condition.

Unengrossed Circular: Knights Templar and Knights of Malta. One page, 8" x 10", September 8, 1848, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, resolving that a "clandestine . . . Encampment of Knight Templars" in Philadelphia is an "illegal body" and should not be fellowshipped. With smoothed folds; fine.

Early Nineteenth Century Autograph Musical Quotations. Eighty-six pages with music on seventy-eight and an index on two, 9" x 4", "Aug. 15/41", Wayland, [Massachusetts], partially printed. A pencil notation in the front states, "This book prepared by Edward Rice. . . ." and the back is signed in pencil, "Ira Draper, Wayland, Massachusetts." Some pages are loosed from paper covers, else near fine.

Bookseller Printed Handbill. One page, 7.5" x 10", October 20, 1846, Boston, issued by the John P. Jewett & Company and notifying potential patrons of their new location on Booksellers Row, where books and stationery "will be offered at wholesale or retail at the lowest prices." Addressed on the verso. With folds; fine.

Circular: "Essence Pedler." One page, 8.5" x 9.5", n.d., n.p. Eighteen stanzas, each ending with "For a little money." In the center of the document is printed, "Sold with a variety of other articles, by Hunts & Shaw, N.E. corner of Faneuil Hall Market, Boston." Toned, with foxing and minor dampstaining. Four small holes in the center; chips and small tears along the right edge. Good condition.

Early Chicago Views [1858]. Booklet with photo reproductions from the Collection of the Mark Sign Company of Chicago, ca. early 1900s. This booklet contains twelve reproduced photographs (each 7.5" x 9.25") featuring scenes of and around the four-story Chicago courthouse, which was located on the corner of Randolph and LaSalle Streets and was finished in 1853. Stiff, dark green wrappers. Very good condition.

King David Kalakaua I, King of Hawaii Clipped Signature "Kalakaua R.". 5" x 2". Mounted to a sheet containing a hand-written biography and uncancelled .10 cent Hawaii postage stamp. David Kalakaua, 1836-1891, was king of Hawaii from 1873 to 1891. This is a bold, bright signature in fine condition.

Hawaiian Queen Emma Signature, 4.25" x 2.25". Emma, queen to King Kamehameha IV from 1856 to his death in 1863, signs, "Emma R./ Hedingham Castle/ August, 5, 1865." The signature has been excised from a larger page. Fine.

[White Bull] Native American Creation Story Manuscript in Pencil, commencing with "In the beginning all the Indians lived underground . . . ." Two pages, 9.25" x 11.75", n.d., n.p., telling the "Story gathered from 'White Bull'", this metaphorical creation tale includes how the Indians first met "the white man." On toned paper with two punch-holes near the top edge. Weakness and some tears at the folds. Near very good.

Original Sketch "Deserted Pawnee Village on the Right Bank of the Platte River below Ft. Kearney". One page, addressed on the verso, 11" x 12", December 22, 1850, "Portland, O.T. [Oregon Territory]", in pencil and unsigned. The drawing is addressed in ink to "Colonel Bennett / Herald Office / New York". Folds, light soiling, and remnants of sealing wax, else, fine.

Nineteenth Century Mormon Gospel Tract Number IV, entitled The Diamond: Being the Law of Prophetic Succession and a Defense of the Calling of James J. Strang as Successor to Joseph Smith and a Full Exposition of the Law of God Touching the Succession of Prophets Holding the Presidency of the True Church. And the Proof that this Succession Has Been Kept Up. Voree, Wisconsin: Church of Latter Day Saints, 1848. 6" x 9". 15pp. Stapled. Toned. Fine condition.

New Orleans Slavery Autograph Letter Signed. Two and one-half pages, 8" x 10", December 15, 1858, New Orleans, reporting on a Northerners first visit to New Orleans, with details of slavery ("a good negro sound and kind, and well proportioned as to points, will bring from $800 to $1500"). Fine.

Slavery: Travel Journal Describing Senate Debate on Abolition, 1836. Twenty-four pages (eight of which are blank), 5" x 7.25", February 24 - March 21, 1836, Boston and Washington, D.C., unsigned. Modest foxing and soiling, else, fine.

Western Expansion: Songsheet with "Land of the West". One page, 6.5" x 10", n.d. [ca. 1864], New York, printed. The "Land of the West" is a four verse song published by H. de Marsan extolling the beauty and promise of the West. Caricatures at each corner. Lightly toned and minor chipping at the edges, else fine.

[Horace Greeley] Fair Copy of a Letter regarding the National Bureau of Migration and homestead settlement. One page, 7.25" x 11.75", December 20, 1871, New York City, to the governor of Maine [Sidney Perham]. On lined paper with folds; lightly toned. Fine.

William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody Autograph, "Yours truly/ W. F. Cody/ 'Buffalo Bill'/ 1893." 3.25" x 2.25". In ink on toned paper. Fine.

William "Buffalo Bill Cody" Carte de Visite by Gurney. An early bust pose of "Buffalo Bill" Cody. Image measures 2.5" x 4.125" and features Cody in a suit and fancy cravat, his long curly locks brushed back from his face. Lower border of mount reads: "Gurney & Sons, Fifth Ave., N.Y." and a second photo stamp on verso. Minor soiling at upper edge of image; light dampstains on verso; light wear to corners.

19th Century Drawing of a Sailing Frigate contained in an 1882 autograph album. The page facing the drawing bears the signature of Capt. John Simpson, listing his age as 80. Album is 4.25" x 3", with stamp embossed cloth covers. Light soiling, otherwise attractive. First page has come loose, weak joints.

Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth Document Signed "O Ellsworth". One page. 8" x 6.75". Hartford, January 16, 1778. Paper slightly toned, with some short closed tears in the folds and with the usual fold creases, else bright, legible and in very good condition. Accompanied by a striking 19th century engraved portrait of Ellsworth.

Five Connecticut Militia Appointments, Including Two Signed by Jonathan Trumbull Jr. Each document is printed on a folded horizontal sheet, ranging in size from 14" x 8.5" to 12.25" x 7.25". All pieces are moderately age toned with minor to moderate chips, tears, and occasional light stains. Four bear official state seals or affixed stamps. Very good to fine condition.

Elbridge Gerry Partly Printed Document Signed as Governor of Massachusetts. One page, 9.25" x 15", Boston, March 7, 1811. Document bears an intricate paper seal affixed at upper left; Governor Gerry has boldly signed below. Light to moderate age toning. Paper is somewhat brittle, with several chips along edges. Stains along upper edge do not affect text. Inexpert reinforcement on verso, at fold separations.

Henry Knox Autograph Document Signed "H. Knox". One page, 7.5" x 8.75", December 27, 1797, defining a contract between Knox and Joel Ames for carpentry work. Fold separations have been repaired on the verso. Very good condition.

[Benjamin Lincoln] Thomas Melvill Document Signed "T Melvill". Also includes a secretarially signed "B Lincoln". One page, 9.9" x 5", July 6, 1802, Boston, Massachusetts, certifying the arrival of a shipload of green tea into the Port of Boston. Matted and framed to an overall size of 13.25" x 9". Fine.

Thomas Mifflin Partly Printed Document Signed as Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. One page, 10" x 8.25" (torn from a larger sheet), Philadelphia, January 21, 1794. Being a land purchase, from Emanuel Eyer to George Eyer, encompassing four hundred acres of land in Huntingdon County. Large vignette of horses and an eagle at upper left. Moderate overall age toning; light dampstains along lower edge. A few chips and areas of fold separation. Fair condition.

Joseph Reed Manuscript Document Signed as President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania appointing "William Barton to be a Notary Publick." Oversized sheet, 16" x 12.5", Philadelphia, August 2, 1781. Reed signs in the left margin beneath a large blind embossed seal of the state of Pennsylvania. Age toning, a few separations and a spot of paper loss occurring at center fold.

[Oliver Wolcott] Uncut Sheet of Interest Notes for the Year 1789. Single sheet, 7.5" x 6.5" and 7" x 6", Hartford, February 1, 1789, containing two partially printed notes numbered in consecutive order. Engrossed "2587" and "2588" at top left corner, and stating: "Received of Oliver Wolcott, Comptroller of the Public Accounts". Light toning, in near fine condition.

The Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser. Two pages, printed on recto and verso, 12.25" x 18.25", London, April 12, 1779. This issue contains an interesting letter from "Augustus," concerning England's waning power in America, and how best to regain it. Moderate age toning; stains, chips at edges. Very good condition.

Revolutionary War Veteran's Pension Petition for the Battle of the Miami River. Four integral pages written on pages one through three and endorsed on page four, 7.5" x 11.75", n.d., n.p., unsigned. Folds and toned, else, fine.

Nathaniel Prentice Banks Document Signed "Nathaniel P. Banks". One page. 8" x 10". A document headed "Autographs of the Electoral/ College of Massachusetts 1893" and in addition to Banks's name, the names of fourteen other member's signatures appear. A bright document, bearing the bold signatures of 15 important men from Massachusetts, in fine condition.

Civil War Statesmen Autographs on cards, including those of several Lincoln Cabinet members, such as Attorney General Edward Bates, Secretary of State William H. Seward, Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles, Secretary of War Simon Cameron, Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, and more. Near fine condition.

James G. Blaine Autograph Letters (Three) Signed "J. G. Blaine". All of these letters (two are dated 1867 and one is dated 1870) are written to Maine politician Sidney Perham; one letter congratulates him on winning the governor's race. All are toned and fine.

Supreme Court Justice Samuel Blatchford Autograph Letter Signed "Saml Blatchford". One page. 5.25" x 8.25". New York, February 27, 1871. Blatchford writes a "Judge Woodruff" appealing for cases. It reads in part: "Dear Judge/ What about/ Harris v. Wheeler and the/ other opinion I wrote you about?...Please let me/ have it and Harris v. Whee-/ler, & any others./ Yours truly/ Saml Blatchford". Toned around the edges, else bright and in near fine condition.

Warren E. Burger Typed Letter Signed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court "Warren E. Burger". One page. 7.25" x 9.5". On Supreme Court letterhead. March 31, 1971, Washington, D.C., to Maurice B. Mitchell, Chancellor of the University of Denver, Denver, Colorado. With pencil filing notation at the top right corner, a few trivial stains and the usual folding creases, else fine.

Aaron Burr Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 7.5" x 5", May 15, 1789, "N York", concerning legal content on a previous judgment. Mounted to a light pink album page of the same size. Toned with very light foxing and some minor stains. Fine.

John C. Calhoun Letter Signed as U.S. Secretary of War. Two pages, 7.75" x 10", April 11, 1818, "Department of War," to Ebenezer Huntington "Mem[ber] of Congress for Conn[ecticut]" concerning appropriations for arming the militia. Toned; fine.

Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase Autograph Letter Signed "S P Chase". One page. 5" x 8". Washington, D.C., April 29, 1870, to D. B. Parke. The letter reads in part: "My dear Sir,/ Please engage rooms for me upon/ the most reasonable terms possible. . . ." Accompanied by a contemporary steel engraved portrait of Chase. With the usual fold creases, mounting remnants on the verso, else near fine condition.

Chief Justice Salmon Portland Chase Autograph Quote Signed "S. P. Chase". 5.25" x 2.5". Mounted to a paper backing. Cincinnati, March 25, 1855. Chase has penned and signed a quote (with slight alteration) from Act 3, Scene II of Shakespeare's Henry VI: "Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just/ and he but feeble [sic] tho' locked up in steel/ whose quarrel [sic] with injustice is corrupted." Foxing along the margins, else bright and in very good condition.

William Clark Letters (Two) Signed as U.S. Treasurer, with Three Accompanying Letters. The two partly-printed signed letters (along with one containing a printed signature) are dated 1828 1829; they inform veteran Henry Burbeck of various drafts "on the Branch of the Bank of the United States" that are being sent to him. Two of the accompanying letters (unsigned though likely from Burbeck to Clark) acknowledge receipt of the funds. All are toned and fine. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

Benjamin Curtis Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages including integral address leaf, on blue stationery, recto only, 7.75" x 9.75", Boston, February 27, 1846. Curtis writes to Mr. Elliot C. Cowden regarding a check that he received in payment for a lecture he had given. Red wax seal on integral address leaf; small paper loss at seal opening. Very fine condition.

Chief Justice Melville Weston Fuller Autograph Letter Signed "M. W. Fuller". One page. 3.75" x 5.75". May 7, 1891. To a "Mr. Fairchild" (perhaps Charles S. Fairchild, the Secretary of the Treasury). Fuller politely declines an invitation from Mr. Fairchild for an unstated occasion and asks him to "Please remember us to Mrs. Fairchild". With a central fold crease, else in fine condition.

Melville W. Fuller Autograph Letter to President Grover Cleveland Signed as Chief Justice "Melville W. Fuller". Marked "answered" by Cleveland in pencil at top. Two pages. 5.5" x 7", Washington, March 17, 1907. An affectionate letter written to the President on the day preceding his 70th birthday, signing off "With love to you all,/ Very sincerely & truly yours/ Melville W. Fuller". Fuller had been nominated by Cleveland in his first term as president. A wonderful letter, with a small portion of the lower right corner missing, a central vertical fold crease, else a bright, legible letter in fine condition.

Supreme Court Justice Horace Gray Document Signed "Horace Gray Jr." Two pages. 7.75" x 9.75". On light blue lined paper. Circa 1859. Horace Gray, nominated by President Chester A. Arthur to serve as a Supreme Court Justice from 1881 until 1902, signs this petition, along with 38 other members of the Suffolk [Massachusetts] bar.

Hannibal Hamlin Autograph Letters (Two) Signed "H. Hamlin". Both are two pages (marked "Private"), 5" x 8", dated May 1866 and May 1868, and written to Maine Congressman Sidney Perham concerning Andrew Johnson's presidential successor and Maine politics. Both with folds; fine.

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Autograph Note Signed in full as Supreme Court justice, one page, 4" x 3.75", on printed Supreme Court of the United States memorandum form, March 27, 1930; sending thanks and complying with a request. Mounted on a larger board, 5" x 4.5" overall. Toned and creased, else very good condition.

Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes Photograph Inscribed "Mr. George E. Durno,/ With cordial regards/ Charles E. Hughes/ Feb. 24, 1925". 8" x 10". A wonderful photograph of Hughes in striped pants and shirt clutching a portfolio of legal documents. A big, bold inscription in fine condition.

Robert Kennedy Photograph Inscribed "For Spotlight King/ With Best Wishes/ Robert F. Kennedy/ 11-1-62". 8" x 10". An excellent black-and-white portrait of young Bobby Kennedy, inscribed on the lower left corner. With some damp staining in the white border, largely unaffecting the portrait or inscription. Very good.

Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar Autograph Letter Signed as Secretary of the Interior "L. Q. C. Lamar". One page, on Department of the Interior letterhead. 5" x 8". Washington, January 21, 1886, to Charles S. Fairchild (future Secretary of the Treasury), Washington. With mounting remnants on the along the left margin of the verso, else fine.

Massachusetts Governor Samuel W. McCall Photograph Inscribed and Signed. Candid photograph of Samuel W. McCall, ten-time United States Congressman and three-time Governor of Massachusetts, at a ceremony to lay the cornerstone of the Winchester Hospital on May 18, 1916. McCall was Governor of Massachusetts during the Civil War. Image measures 5.75" x 10"; matted to an overall size of 14" x 10". Inscription along lower matte reads: "With my kindest regards, Samuel W. McCall." Heavy wear to matte board. Generally very good condition.

Thomas McKean Partly Printed Appointment Signed as Governor of Pennsylvania. Oversized document, 16" x 12", Lancaster, January 3, 1800; appointing "William Barton Clerk of the Court of General Quarter Sessions..." Autograph Endorsement Signed in bottom margin by George Ross, namesake of the Signer of the Declaration, indicates that Barton was sworn in on January 9. Age toning and ghosting from having been stored folded. Blind embossed seal is complete and intact.

[John McLean] Humphrey Marshall Autograph Letter Signed to U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean asking permission to write a biography about McLean with Justice McLean's one and one- half page response on verso. Together with two letters by John Livingston (one of which is secretarial), all to Justice McLean. Near fine to fine.

Thomas Mifflin Land Patent Signed (1795, "Tho Mifflin" as Governor) and Peter Muhlenberg Land Patent Signed (1788, "P Muhlenberg" as Vice President of the Supreme Executive Council). Each document has been signed under an embossed paper seal affixed with red wax. Both are partly printed and have been slightly trimmed. Each is stained and foxed with docket on verso; Muhlenberg's document has dampstaining.

Samuel Nelson Autograph Letter Signed "S. Nelson". One page. 8" x 13". April 17, 1824, Madison, [New York], to Thomas H. Hubbard, Utica, New York. The ink remains bright and the handwriting is legible. The letter has the usual fold creases and a small hole as a result of opening, else it is in fine condition.

Thomas Brackett Reed Photograph Signed as Speaker of the House of Representatives "T. B. Reed". Dated April 3, 1895. Cabinet card. 4.25" x 6.5". Thomas Reed (1839-1902) earned the moniker "Czar Reed" for his shrewd, aggressive tactics as Speaker of the House in the 1890s. A few scattered surface marks and mild soiling, otherwise in fine condition.

Richard Rush Document Signed as President John Q. Adams' treasury secretary. One page, 8" x 10", June 24, 1828, "Treasury Department." This mostly-printed letter was sent to notify the unnamed recipient that his "claim under the abovementioned act ["An act for the relief of certain surviving Officers and Soldiers of the Army of the Revolution"] . . . will be examined." Fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

Harlan Fiske Stone Autograph Letter Signed as Supreme Court Justice "H. F. Stone". One page. 8" x 10.5". On Supreme Court letterhead. Washington, D.C., September 8, 1941. Stone writes to a colleague and apparently a neighbor: "Thank you/ for your letter of the 8th which/ I find very enlightening judging/ from the many documents/ which I am reviewing there is/ some danger that the Conference/ will be submerged in/ a mass of detail which/ may interfere with the/ consideration of more important/ matters to which I would/ give my attention. Accompanied by a Harlan Fiske Stone first day cover postmarked October 11, 1987. The ALS is in fine condition with the usual fold creases.

Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story, Autograph Note Signed "I have the honor to be/ with the highest respect/ your obedient servant/ Joseph D Story". 4.25" x 1.5". Joseph Story (1779-1845) was appointed Associate Supreme Court Justice by President James Madison in 1811, a position in which he served until 1845. With old fold creases, small areas of foxing, and a small hole at the base of the "p" in Joseph, else bright, legible and in near fine condition.

Supreme Court Justice Collection. Small archive of letters, signatures, and notes from six Supreme Court justices. Lot includes: J.C. McReynolds Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages penned on recto only, 6" x 7.25", on "Supreme Court of the United States" letterhead, Washington DC, n.d. Very fine condition. Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 5.75" x 9", on his personal "Supreme Court of the United States" letterhead, Washington DC, June 14, 1980. Harlan F. Stone Autograph Note Signed. One page, 4" x 5.5", on imprinted "Supreme Court of the United States Memorandum" notepaper, December 5, 1933. Age toned. Very fine.Melville Fuller Clipped Signature, approximately 3.75" x .75". Fine.Roger B. Taney Clipped Signature, approximately 2" x .5". Fine.Clarence Thomas Signed First Day Cover featuring a "Thurgood Marshall Station" ink cancellation. February 26, 2003. Very fine condition.

William Howard Taft Letter Signed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court "Wm H Taft". One page. 8" x 10". On Supreme Court letterhead. Washington, D. C., February 4, 1926, to Wilbur C. Miller, Syracuse, New York. The letter reads in full: "My dear Sir:/ I have no objection to the use of the letter to my/ brother Horace under date of June, 1909. As you say, it has/ already been published./ Sincerely Yours,/ Wm H Taft". The letter bears the usual fold creases, else Taft's signature is bold and bright and in very good condition.

Roger B. Taney Partly Printed Document Signed as Chief Justice. One page, 7.5" x 12.5", Baltimore MD, July 19, 1852. Being a trustee's bond for the estate sale of one Walter Daniels. This document names Taney's son-in-law, James Mason Campbell, and the Enlan Savings Bank of Baltimore, as trustees for the Daniels' estate. Boldly signed "R.B. Taney" as witness. Document is lightly age toned; very fine condition.

Six New York City Legal Documents, "Richard Varick" signed, likely by clerk Robert Benson, as "Mayor of the said City" ca. 1792, partially printed, 13" x 4". All documents contain additional endorsements; with blind embossed paper seals on each. All with irregular margins; folds, some of which have separations. Good condition.

Morrison Remick Waite Letter Signed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court "M. R. Waite". One page. 5" x 8", on Supreme Court of the United States letterhead. November 15, 1886, to Maj. B. P. Poore, Committee on Printing, U.S. Senate. The Chief Justice requests fifty copies of the Congressional Directory to be delivered for the use of the court. Accompanied by a handsome contemporary engraved portrait of the Chief Justice, 8" x 11". Both are in fine condition.

Supreme Court Justice Lot. Small lot contains two items signed by US Supreme Court Justices.
Associate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg Typed Letter Signed. One page, 8.5" x 11", on his personal letterhead, n.p., January 4, 1977. Former Associate Justice Goldberg writes to the Smithsonian Institution offering compliments on their article about the Supreme Court. Moderate age toning; one staple hole and three binder holes punched along left edge. Minor wear, soiling. Very good condition.
Chief Justice Warren E. Burger Autograph Letter Signed. One page, on his personal "Supreme Court of the United States" letterhead, 5.75" x 7.75", Washington DC, July 31, 1978. Chief Justice Burger offers his congratulations to "Dear Arthur," upon the latter's receipt of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Very boldly penned and very fine.

Daniel Webster Inscribed and Signed Copy of a Printed Address. An Address delivered before the New York Historical Society, February 23, 1852, by Daniel Webster. (New York: Press of the Historical Society, 1852), 57 pages, 3 blank, stitched tan paper wrappers, Octavo (5.5" x 8.74"). Signed on title page "For Mrs. Paige; with the love & affection of Daniel Webster." Webster's speech discusses government in the Classical Era and in Revolutionary America. Moderate age toning. A few chips and minor wear to paper wrappers; front wrapper nearly separated. Interior leaves are fine. Overall good condition.

James Wilson Partly Printed Document Signed "Wilson" on the verso. Single sheet, 7.75" x 6", Cumberland County, circa 1773. A summons for the collection of a debt in a legal case, Wilson has signed on the verso beneath an endorsement in another hand. Bold signature remains well away from separations and tears at folds. Minor chips at margins.

Invitations and Calling Cards of Nineteenth Century Government Officials. Eight cards, including those of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, Attorney General Stanton, Secretary of the Navy Sumner Wells, Second Auditor of the Treasury E. B. French, Mrs. James G. Blaine, and others. The largest is 4.5" x 2.75". Attractively framed (21.75" x 18.75" overall). All are very fine.

Nelson Rockefeller Typed Letter Signed as Vice President "Nelson". One page. 8" x 10.5", on his Vice President's letterhead, Washington, D.C., June 18, 1975, to General Lyman L. Lemnitzer, the Pentagon, Washington, D.C. Rockefeller thanks General Lemnitzer for his work dealing with the Commission of CIA Activities. Accompanying the Vice President's letter is a one page typed letter signed "L." from Lemnitzer thanking Rockefeller and enclosing two photographs of the general in uniform. Fine.

Samuel Dexter Document Signed "Sam Dexter/ acting as Secretary of War." One page, 7.75" x 10", March 2, 1801, "the War Office of the United States in Washington," appointing Joseph B. Wilkinson a cadet in "the Corps of Artillerists and Engineers." With a blind-embossed seal. Toned; fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

Eighteenth Century Massachusetts Ledger Sheet. Four pages, 11.5" x 18.5", containing various individual accounts for the years 1756 through 1774. One account is for the "Schooner Holly Benjamin Godfrey." Toned paper with light soiling, staining, and dampstaining. Some separation and folds with minor tears along edges. Good condition.

Monthly Return for Artillerists, along with Captain Samuel T. Dyson's Letter of Transmittal written to Colonel Henry Burbeck. The monthly return, dated May 1810, reports 62 total artillerists. The letter, dated June 10, 1808, from Detroit, reports on personnel matters and the construction barracks. Fine. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

War of 1812: Lieutenant Christopher Van de Venter Autograph Letter Signed from Fort Columbus (New York Harbor), two pages, September 16, 1812, to Colonel Henry Burbeck in Washington regarding personnel transfers. Fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

Letter from the Secretary of War, Transmitting, Pursuant to a Resolution of the House of Representatives, of Twentieth April, 1818, A Report of the Number and Grade of the Officers of the Army; Where Stationed; The Number on Duty, and Those on Furlough, with The Period of Furlough. Washington: E. de Krafft, 1818. 6.25" x 9.25". 52pp. Unopened. Toned pages with foxing and minor dampstaining. Untrimmed and slightly ragged edges. Very good.

Report of the Secretary of War, Communicating The report of an exploration of the Territory of Minnesota, by Brevet Captain Pope. No publisher listed. March 1850. 5.75" x 9". 56pp. "31st Congress, 1st Session." Containing various tables and observations in the appendix. With a fold out "Map of the Territory of Minnesota Exhibiting the Route of the Expedition to the Red River of the North, in the Summer of 1849, by Captn. John Pope, Corps Top Engrs. Drawn by PS. Morawski," 30" x 26". (The bottom left corner of the map is missing, not affecting the text of the map.) Foxing and browning throughout. Very good.

Elizabeth Bacon Custer Autograph Card Signed "Elizabeth B. Custer". 3.5" x 2". A fine signature by Libbie Custer, devoted wife of General George Armstrong Custer.

John Henry Eaton Documents (Two) Signed "Jn H. Eaton" as President Jackson's secretary of war. Both near 10" x 8", dated 1830, regarding the appointment of Ephraim Kibby as "a [West Point] cadet in the service of the United States." Some fold separation; near fine. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

William Freeman Autograph Letter Signed, Fort Claiborne, Natchitoches [Louisiana]. Two pages, 8" x 10", June 4, 1808. The lieutenant colonel of artillery writes Colonel Henry Burbeck regarding the distribution of military personnel, including those who "are unfit for garrison" and are "an incumbrance [sic]." Fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

War of 1812; Fort Columbus: One Letter and One Document concerning the construction of carriages for the fort, located on Governors Island in the New York Harbor. The letter is written by "[Captain] R[ichard] Whiley" to Colonel Henry Burbeck concerning the construction of "140 parallel carriages made for the fort." (Two pages, 8" x 10", September 1, 1807, Fort Columbus.) Accompanied by a John Bliss autograph document signed, one page, 7" x 9.25", n.d., addressed to "Capt. R. Whiley" and entitled "Total number of gun carriages mounted & Dismounted at the military forts in the Harbour of NY" accounting for the "Total number of garrison Carriages on hand at Ft. Columbus . . . 106" and the "Total number in the Harbour of Garrison Carriages . . . 114", and more. The letter and document are in fine condition. From the Papers of General Henry Burbeck.

New York City Guard: A Public Invitation to Visit Fort Hamilton to watch a "target firing" demonstration "in which every citizen of New York should feel deeply interested." One printed page, 5.5" x 9", July 14, 1860, New York "Head Quarters". Tone; fine condition.

Helmuth von Moltke (the Elder) Carte de Visite, 20.5" x 4". The Prussian military strategist sits in uniform with his pour le merite visible around his neck. Near fine.

Abba Eban Typed Quote Signed beneath a letter from Reader's Digest remitting payment of $25 for its use in publication. One page, 7.25" x 10.5", dated Oct. 12, 1967 by Eban. Eban's quote reads in full: "Men and nations do behave wisely, once all other alternatives have been exhausted." Near fine.

Italian Revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi Autograph Card Signed "G. Garibaldi". 4" x 2.25". A fantastic autograph signed on the back of William M. F. Round's (noted Baptist minister and prison reformer) calling card. A note on the verso of the card reads: "Garibaldi wrote his autograph for each of us at his at one of the King's places just outside of Rome. March 1875. Emma Thompson". Offered with a real photo post card of Garibaldi with a canceled 1882-1932 Italian commemorative stamp affixed to the front. Both the photo post card and signature are in near fine condition.

Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich Document Signed, partially printed announcement of Metternich's marriage to Maria Antonia, Baroness von Leykam. One page, 8.25" x 12.75", November 6, 1827. Two tiny pin holes in the upper left corner and folds else very fine.

Document Signed by Benito Mussolini as Prime Minister and King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. One page, penned on recto and verso, 14.5" x 9.5", Rome, November 18, 1929. Blue ink hand stamps on recto. Large bold signatures on verso. Age toning, numerous creases, pin/rust hole. Very good condition.

[Napoleon Bonaparte] Secretarially Signed Document. One page, 9.5" x 13", "douze Vendémiaire l'an Douze de la République", St. Cloud, partially printed on vellum. The document is a commission naming Jacques Pierre L'Étoille as lieutenant in the "9e 1/2 Brigade" of infantry of the line. The document is signed by Le Secrétaire d'Etat, Hugues-Bernard Maret, and Le Ministre de la Guerre. Maret, who served as Napoleon's secretary, often signed documents for the First Consul. Folds, modest soiling, and residue where the document was excised from a volume, else fine.

[League of Nations] Chancellor of Austria Kurt von Schuschnigg Typed Manuscript Signed. Austria and the League of Nations. Seven pages, 8.5" x 11", n.p., March 1972. Offered here is a contemporary typed manuscript concerning Austria's participation in the League of Nations in the 1930s, the text of which was originally written by von Schuschnigg in the midst of the violence and chaos of World War II. It reads, in part: "... Austria's participation in the League was very necessary in our own interest, because the Finance Committee of the League controlled our foreign loans. Also, we tried to rid ourselves of the annoying control of Austria's state finances through the League and were successful in doing so in 1936... but this point of view was not shared by Hitler... [who] reproached Austria for having cooperated with the League..." Large, bold signature on final page. Very fine condition.

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany Photograph Signed "Wilhelm". 3.5" x 5.5". A handsome printed image taken following his abdication to Doorn, Holland after WWI. Fine.

Marc Chagall Signed Color Print. One page, 8.5" x 12" (sight size), matted (14.5" x 18" overall), n.d., n.p., signed in pencil. Very fine.

Marc Chagall Signed Kunsthaus Zürich Color Exhibition Cover. One page, 8.5" x 12" (sight size), matted (14.5" x 18" overall), December 1950-January 1951, [Zürich], signed in pencil. Very fine.

Norman Rockwell Typed Letter Signed granting use of his article in an upcoming publication of The Reader's Digest. One page on imprinted letterhead, 7.25" x 10", April 12, 1960. Also signed by Thomas Rockwell, who co-authored the article in question. Near fine.

Mark Twain Signed Card. One page, 3.5" x 2.5", n.d., n.p., on cardstock. Boldly signed in ink.

Daniel Cady Eaton Archive. Interesting collection related to American botanist and author Daniel Cady Eaton, Professor of Botany and Herbarium Curator at Yale University. Archive contains ten Autograph Letters Signed to his father, Union General Amos B. Eaton; one of Eaton's field notebooks; and a six-page, American Journal of Science reprint of a lengthy epitaph written upon Eaton's death in 1895. The letters, each two pages, recto and verso, 5" x 7.75", span the dates from December 1868 through April 1871. Eaton's notebook, 4" x 6.5", contains approximately 30 written pages, recto and verso; inscribed in pencil on the inside cover: "D.C. Eaton. Notebook of my Salt Lake journey & collections, &c, &c. June 1st to July 21st 1869."

Leo Tolstoy Signature on a small sheet, 4.5" x 2.75", laid onto a card. Dated December 12, 1901. Gentle soiling and creasing, otherwise a fine exemplar of the Russian author's signature.

Albert Schweitzer Photo Postcard Inscribed in German. 5.75" x 3.75". The translated inscription reads: "At the building site of the Leprosy House. [To] Adolf Keller during his stay at Lambarene. Cordially, Albert Schweitzer. 10.2.1957". The photograph shows construction of the foundation of Schweitzer's hospital in Lambarene, in French Equatorial Africa. With a few trivial creases around the edges and an equally trivial blue pencil mark, near but not affecting Schweitzer's signature. Schweitzer was a multi-talented man: a theologian, philosopher, physician, and music scholar. He received the Nobel Prize for peace in 1952.

Wernher von Braun Typed Letter Signed granting permission for the use of a quote from his article titled "Immortality" in an upcoming issue of The Reader's Digest. One page on his personal imprinted letterhead, 5.75" x 7.75", April 8, 1960. He also points out that he will not "assume the title 'Director, Marshall Space Flight Center' ... until 1 July." With pencil notations made by the recipient at the magazine and a bold signature in blue ink by Braun. Near fine.

African Explorers Stanley and Livingston Autograph Lot including a clipped signature "David Livingston", 3" x 1.25", ink mark through the "L" of Livingston, else bright and in very good condition; bank check drawn on the Second National Bank, New York, 8.25" x 2.75", dated December 16, 1890, made out to Henry M. Stanley and signed on the verso "For Deposit Acct with/ the 2nd National Bank/ New York./ Henry M. Stanley", the bank cancellation stamp just affects the "t" in "acct", otherwise with the usual cancellation stamps and creases and in very good condition. Accompanying the lot is a carte de visite of Stanley in full African explorer's dress holding a rifle with his African boy gun bearer in the background. The image is slightly yellowed and there is a trivial mounting hole punched at the extreme top edge of the image, else very good.

Two J. Edgar Hoover Typed Letters Signed as FBI Director. Each letter is typed on Hoover's personal Federal Bureau of Investigation letterhead, 7" x 9.5", Washington DC, dated March 22, 1940 and June 7, 1940. Original FBI transmittal envelopes included. Both letters are addressed to Lester B. McNelly in Los Angeles, and concern McNelly's attempts to secure employment for his son with the FBI. All items are lightly age toned. Fine condition.

Mercury Seven Astronauts: Autographs of Six. This lot consists of two items, as follows:
1). NASA "Manned Space Flight- The First Decade" Booklet. Eight pages, 8" x 10.5", Johnson Space Center publication # JSC 08062. The front cover pictures a Saturn rocket blasting off and has been signed by five: Slayton (1924-1993), Schirra (1923-2007), Shepard (1923-1998), Carpenter, and Glenn. Extremely fine condition.
2). Gordon Cooper Color Photo Signed and Inscribed. An early pose 8" x 10" NASA lithographed print of Cooper (1927-2004) in a suit and tie. Extremely fine condition save for minor crinkling at the left side corners.

Our Gang Autograph Lot Including Allen "Farina" Hoskins Inscribed Publicity Photograph and Carl Dean "Alfalfa" Switzer Autograph Note. Fabulous signed items from two of the best known and loved characters from the 1930s Hal Roach produced Our Gang (aka The Little Rascals or Hal Roach's Rascals) comedy shorts including a publicity photograph, 8" x 10", inscribed "good/ luck/ Leon/ Allen/ Farina/ Hoskins", in fine condition; and an autograph note, 5.75" x 4.25", which reads "Thanks a Million/ George/ Swell Being here/ Sincerely/ Alfalfa Switzer", paper slightly toned, with some bleed through from something removed on the verso, otherwise very good.

Ray Bolger Publicity Photograph as the Scarecrow From the Wizard of Oz Inscribed "All the best!/ Ray Bolger/ Scarecrow/ of 0z". 8" x 10". Bolger has boldly inscribed and signed this photograph depicting him in his most well-known role as the endearing Scarecrow from the Wizard of Oz. Fine.

George M. Cohan Autograph Letter Signed Thanking the Recipient "for the Dickensians". Written in pencil, one page, 6.75" x 10.5", n.p., "Saturday" (circa 1940s). The father of American musical comedy writes in part: "Who told you that I'm one of the real Dickens fans of America? Haven't had time as yet to look them through but I know I'll love the little booklets. Also thanks for the 'Connecticut Captain'... Hope your Red Sox keep up their good work -- Looks to me like an open race in the in the American League." Light creases, otherwise very good to near fine.