Einstein, Albert....

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Einstein, Albert. Manuscript draft for a scientific paper signed ("A. Einstein"), 8 pages (8.5 x 11 in.; 216 x 279 mm.), on separate sheets, being an early draft for a scientific paper (ca. 1930), probably following up on a scientific presentation given by Einstein at the Prussian Academy of Science in 1930. The notes outline the structure of the introductory chapter with some parts missing between pages 2 and 3 [the missing parts must have been intentional as the manuscript is numbered sequentially to page 7, with additional equation written on the verso of last page]. The letter illustrates the close collaboration with the mathematician Dr. Walther Mayer (also known as "Einstein's calculator") which had started in early 1930. Besides an analysis of the field equation of the unified gravity-electromagnetic system, the documents also contain two pages of condensed and uncommented formulas, which Einstein may have used as "cheat sheets" giving him quick access to the most relevant formulas needed for his computations. It is in particular these two pages that provide a rare insight in the "daily works" of Einstein - these pages certainly were never meant to get published. Exhibits minor handling with surface wrinkling. Albert Einstein manuscript draft for a scientific paper on the development of his unified field theory - unifying Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism and general relativity. Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, published between 1861 and 1862, played an important role in developing Einstein's theory of special relativity. Even though it was not realized by Maxwell, his theory was the first theory realizing the postulates underlying special relativity: unifying the laws underlying the "electric" and "magnetic" forces had led to a theory that had the same symmetries as the one demanded in special relativity. Following up on the successes of special relativity, Einstein spent a decade on finding a generalization of special relativity which incorporated Newton's laws of gravity. In 1915 this work led to the formulation of the famous theory of general relativity. This breakthrough made "unification" one of the recurring themes in Einstein's works. In 1952 he noted that "the generalization of the theory of gravitation has occupied me unceasingly since 1916." The key idea in this research program, which is still pursued by theoretical physicists today, is the description of fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a single field. In this framework, Einstein devoted a considerable effort to the development of a unified field theory, with the goal of unifying Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism and general relativity in a rather elegant geometrical way. In this endeavor Einstein soon realized that compatibility of the field equations central requirement for the mathematical consistency of his idea. The following pages 81 - 84 show each page with their respective translation.