2007 June Civil War Grand Format Auction

The Bible of William G. Davis, Company E. 6th Virginia Cavalry Private William G. Travis owned and carried this leather bound bible as he fought with Company E the 6th Virginia Cavalry during the course of the Civil War. Organized in November 1861, the unit fought with Jackson in the Valley Campaign, at Second Manassas, Brandy Station and Spottsylvania. They took part in Early's Shenandoah Campaign and the Appomattox Campaign as well. Interestingly, only three of the men in this unit surrendered at Appomattox, instead making their way through the Union lines and back home.

Measuring 3½" x 5", this Holy Bible was printed by the American Bible Society at New York City in 1864. It is quite possible that this bible was taken from a Union soldier since the frontispiece has embossed upon it "Young Men's Christian Association. Elmira, NY". The YMCA gave more than one million bibles to soldiers going off to war. This is one of the few that survived, making its way into a Confederate's hands. Private Davis' name and unit are handwritten in pencil into the frontispiece while it is elaborately stenciled on the next page along with "Pittsylvania C. H." representing Pittsylvania Court House where Davis' unit once fought and likely captured this Bible.

The bible is in overall good condition with some cracking of the leather at the binding.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Rare 'CS' Richmond Carbine With Its Linen Sling - The 4th Virginia Cavalry 'Black Horse Troop', Gettysburg This rare CS Richmond carbine was used by the famed Black Horse Troop originally formed at Fauquier County, Virginia in 1859. Serving from First Manassas to Appomattox Court House they were involved in every major battle and campaign of the Army of Northern Virginia.
This CS Richmond 25" carbine was carried by Private Courtney Washington of Company H of the 4th Virginia Cavalry, the famed Black Horse Troop. He fought at Williamsburg, Second Manassas and Gettysburg before being captured near Warrenton, Virginia on November 10, 1863. He was exchanged several months later and paroled on May 3, 1865.
This weapon is in fine condition with a nice even light gray patina and its 33" linen sling attached. The full stock of the gun is securely fastened by two barrel bands and has the distinctive third sling swivel attached at the underside of the buttstock as well as at the upper band and at the trigger guard. Measuring 41" in length, the carbine has the iron front sight that is distinctive to this cavalry weapon as well.
This is a rare cavalry carbine identified to the famous Black Horse Troop, made even more rare since it was carried by Courtney Washington, who was captured after Gettysburg in Warrenton, Virginia in 1863. This gun must have seen action the the battle of Gettysburg.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Private Bowman, 12th Virginia Cavalry - Cased 1/9th Plate Tintype of a Confederate Cavalryman From Virginia. Posing here is young William Bowman, a private in Co. "K", 12th Virginia Cavalry. Hardly the glamorous stereotype of a dashing Virginia cavalier, Bowman wears simple civilian clothing that is only somewhat militarized by the addition of three uniform buttons. His low-crowned hat also carries a modest regimental designation by having "12 VA" pinned to its face. The tintype is in excellent condition. Its gutta-percha case has floral designs on both sides . Despite his mild agrarian appearance, William Bowman rode with a hard-riding rebel cavalry regiment. The 12th Virginia checked a Federal advance at Brandy Station and, the following year, participated in the famed "Beefsteak Raid" that netted some 2,000 head of Yankee cattle for the starving defenders of Petersburg. Bowman survived the war, dying in 1923. He is buried in his native Shenandoah County.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Cased 1/6th Plate Ruby Ambrotype of Two Virginia Confederates. These early war Southern volunteers wear matching non-regulation frock coats, high crowned kepis and grey trousers striped down the side. A unit designation peeks from behind the bill of one kepi, however not enough of it is visible to determine its meaning. It is possible that these young men were members of the Richmond Howitzers, an elite artillery battalion that served in the Army of Northern Virginia throughout the war. This image is in excellent condition in every respect. Its gutta-percha case is molded on both sides with a scene showing a medieval lady on horseback being followed by a child with a dog. Two corners on the back panel are chipped.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Private Edwin D. Brown-Company C, "Laurel Brigade', 9th Virginia Cavalry, Maltese Cross Badge A superb, unique and one of only a handful of Confederate insignia known to exist. Beautifully made by a Virginia jeweler in Maltese cross fashion surrounded by a wreath and engraved in the center, "E.D.B. - Co. C, 9th VA. Caval. - Con. States - 1861." Private Brown enlisted in July of 1861 and was wounded in action during the Battle of Gettysburg July 1st, 1863. An extremely rare and historically important Confederate cavalryman's insignia from the hard fighting and famous Laurel Brigade. Absolutely superb and never before on the market as the only silver Laurel brigade insignia known to exist.

Provenance: The Flayderman Collection; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Lt. Wheeler 4th Virginia Cavalry Cased 1/9th Plate Ruby Ambrotype Shown here is a very determined trooper, 2nd Lieutenant Robert Weedon, Co. "A", 4th Virginia Cavalry. Weedon enlisted as a sergeant shortly after Virginia seceded. He was promoted to 2nd lieutenant on September 1, 1863 and was paroled with that rank at war's end. As part of Stuart's cavalry, the 4th Virginia saw hard service with the Army of Northern Virginia. Weedon had a horse shot out from under him in 1862 and some two years later was himself wounded. He survived, received the UDC's Southern Cross of Honor and lived until 1906. Here the subject wears a plumed Hardee hat with a non-regulation brass bugle device on its face. Eagle buttons line the front of Weedon's coat and he tightly grips his sheathed saber. What appears to be a standard Model 1851 U.S. sword belt plate peeks out from behind the sword's pommel. A few peripheral scrapes to the ambrotype's emulsion, else an excellent image with good surfaces. The case is missing its lid.

Provenance: Weedon Family of Warrenton, Virginia; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Sgt. Hamilton, 4th Virginia Cavalry Cased 1/9th Plate Ambrotype of Identified Confederate Cavalryman. The sitter in this portrait is Hugh Hamilton, flag bearer for The Black Horse Troop, Co. "H", 4th Virginia Cavalry. Perhaps Virginia's most famous cavalry company, the Black Horse Troop was formed in 1859 and served in every major campaign waged by the Army of Northern Virginia. Trooper Hamilton, who enlisted on March 15, 1862, is shown wearing the classic pleated "battle shirt" favored by so many rebels and is unarmed. The photographer has lightly tinted Hamilton's cheeks and green shirt giving the overall effect of this being a color image. Housed in a gutta-percha Union case embossed with foliate designs on both sides. A splendid Confederate image in very fine condition.
An old note accompanying this image states that Hamilton died in camp. Not so. He survived the war, dying in 1928 after a career of public service which included being Treasurer of Fauquier County, Virginia.

Provenance: Hamilton family; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Private John Gaither, a Virginia Confederate 1/9th Plate Ambrotype. Two notations by the portrait's sitter, one in pencil and the other penned, are written inside the case behind the image as follows: "John R. Gaither. August the 11th 1863" and "presented Martha G Gaither August 12th 1863 keep this for my sake". Shown is a clean shaven young rebel wearing a grey jacket with shoulder straps and side pockets. Eight two-piece Virginia State Seal buttons are visible. The plate shows moderate haloing and has a few peripheral spots that do not detract in the least. The case is quite worn, however, and lacks the velvet matt on the lid's underside.

By the time this haunting portrait was made, John Gaither had been a Confederate soldier for two years and had witnessed some of the fiercest fighting of the Civil War. Private Gaither joined the "Rockingham Rangers" - Co. "B", 10th Virginia Infantry - in the valley town of Harrisonburg on July 9, 1861. His regiment made history with the Army of Northern Virginia from Second Manassas through Appomattox. Gaither himself was wounded at Cedar Run, Virginia on August 9, 1862. He recovered, fought on and was with his regiment until captured at Spotsylvania C.H. on May 12, 1864. He would never see the Old Dominion again. After a hot summer at Point Lookout, Maryland, Gaither was sent to the notorious prison camp at Elmira, New York. He died there of disease on September 9, 1864 and inhabits Gravesite 301 in Elmira's Woodlawn National Cemetery.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

An Ambrotype of George W. Gaither, Co. C 10th Virginia Infantry - 1/9th Plate Ambrotype. The sitter here is Private George W. Gaither , Co."C", 10th Virginia Infantry. A fantastic Confederate grey kepi tops his civilian clothing. The image is in excellent condition and is housed in a partial case that has been converted to a wall frame by the addition of a small brass attachment loop. The leather cover on the case half is well worn. Private Gaither enlisted in Harrisonburg, Virginia on April 10, 1862. His regiment, the 10th Virginia, was largely recruited in the Shenandoah Valley and would see heavy action throughout the course of the war. With the exception of Sharpsburg, the 10th fought in the major campaigns endured by the Army of Northern Virginia. Only a handful of its soldiers survived to sign paroles at Appomattox.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A 'John Brown' Sharps Carbine - Used at the Harper's Ferry Raid One of the rarest firearms with a Civil War connection, a Sharps carbine of the lot used by abolitionist John Brown and his men as they raided the federal armory at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, an event that helped spark the fire of the United States Civil War. This gun has appeared in the literature of noted firearms historian Norm Flayderman and has an excellent provenance and historical background. A Model 1853 in .52 caliber, this gun was part of the shipment sent to Brown; it eventually made its way to the famous raid on the armory. As noted in Frank Sellers' Sharps Carbines (Benafield Publishing) at page 97, this particular carbine is in the range of the guns that were used by the men. Brown had moved the weapons to the Kennedy farm in Maryland near Harper's Ferry and used them to execute his raid on the night of October 16, 1859. Armed with his Sharps carbines, including this one, and his 'John Brown pikes', long spear-like weapons, the party took over the U.S.armory. They were soon forced out by a troop of marines led by then-Colonel Robert E. Lee and Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart, an irony of history that initially shocked Northerners, but eventually led to a sympathetic view of Brown's cause and directly led to the outbreak of the Civil War. Brown was wounded, tried and convicted of treason and hanged in December 1859.

This historical weapon has a 21 1/2" barrel and is stamped 'Sharps Manufg. Co Hartford, Conn' on the top of the barrel. It has walnut stocks, an even gray patina, and bears the serial number 16150. It has an attractive brass buttplate, barrel band and patchbox which is engraved as follows: Used at Harper's Ferry by John Brown's Men. On the tang by the serial number 'Sharps Patent 1848' is stamped.
This is an historic Sharps carbine that was used in a singularly important event in American history.

Provenance: The Norm Flayderman Collection; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A 'John Brown Pike' Used at the Harper's Ferry Raid, Serial Number 846 This 80" pike was used at the famed Harper's Ferry Raid executed by abolitionist John Brown and his party of 18 men. Brown, a native of Connecticut, became an ardent abolitionist from early in life being raised by a highly religious, anti-slavery family. Having first been trained in the ministry, he became involved in the tannery business, traveled to Kansas to assist the anti-slavery movement and became a violent abolitionist, ultimately organizing his ill-fated raid on the Harper's Ferry, Virginia Armory which resulted in his wounding, capture and execution. It was during the preparation for this raid that he ordered these pikes from his native Connecticut. At 80" long, they are wooden spear-like weapons tipped with a 10" blade and were used to subdue the minimal force guarding the armory, after which Brown's forces seized their rifles and barricaded themselves inside.
This John Brown pike actually was used at the raid by Brown's forces, all of whom were either killed or captured as the raid was put down by then-Colonel Robert E. Lee and Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart who, along with 90 Marines, stormed the armory. A silver commemorative plaque has been affixed to the pike at 6" down from the blade on the wooden shaft as follows: One of John Brown's Pikes Used at Harpers Ferry, Made in Collinsville, Ct., 1857-1859. The metal haft on the pike itself is numbered '846' and is in very good condition as is the wood which is of a very nice grain and completely intact.
This is a very rare weapon used at one of the most significant events in American history that sparked the outbreak of the Civil War.

Provenance: Norm Flayderman,The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

An Oil Portrait of John Brown, Abolitionist and Raider on Harper's Ferry John Brown was born in Connecticut in 1800, the son of parents who were religiously devout, continually teaching him the evils of slavery. While training for the ministry early in life, he eventually went into the tannery business. An incident where he witnessed the mistreatment of a black slave child spurred him to fight to rid the nation of slavery for the rest of his life, one that ended after his unsuccessful raid on the Harper's Ferry Armory on October 16, 1859. While he and his band of raiders captured the armory, within two days Colonel Robert E. Lee and Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart had arrived with a troop of 90 marines who stormed the armory and defeated Brown's 18-man raiding party.
Brown, wounded in the assault, was tried, convicted and subsequently hanged in December of that year. This 5 1/2" x 7 1/2" oil portrait in the oval was completed after his death. Nicely matted with a thick linen mat, the portrait is framed in a heavy 2" walnut frame with a plaque attached reading 'John Brown 1800-1859'. It depicts Brown in the well-known pose with his long beard, black three-piece suit and collar. While the artist is unknown, the subject of the fiery Brown is captured by the face; inspired, wrinkled and serious, staring down the viewer with his passion. There is very slight crackling of the image at the bottom right, otherwise this portrait is in excellent condition.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Original Pencil Sketch of Slaves Fleeing the Battle at Petersburg, on paper, 8" x 5", tipped on to a folded sheet of paper, artist "S. H. S.", captioned "Escape of "contrabands" from Col. Avery's estate near Petersburg Virginia." The sketch is uniformly toned with a few light spots of foxing. There are old crease marks present with a 1.25" split and 2.5" split in two of the folds that could easily be repaired. There is an old paper tape repair on the back of the sketch. There is a negligibly small piece missing from the bottom edge that does not affect either the text or drawing. The Avery House figures prominently in the literature of the battle and siege at Petersburg. The large house was used as an observation post and at one time the headquarters of Union General Gouverneur K. Warren. Very good condition.

A Pencil Drawing, Circa 1830's Depicting an Overseer Lecturing Slaves This fascinating scene of an overseer lecturing a line of slaves has the pencil notation 'Scene of "Ariadne Estate - Moral Lecture". The 10" x 7" sketch is made in pencil and depicts two overseers, their backs to the artist, lecturing the slaves with a dog lying on the ground behind them. The slaves are dressed in knee breeches giving this sketch a dating of the 1830's. The sketch, pencil on paper, is framed in an antique 16" x 13" heavy walnut Anthony and Scovill stamped frame secure in the back by two sturdy metal bands.

This is a very interesting piece that shows some foxing at the top and at the bottom middle. The tongue and groove frame shows wear but is very sturdy and well-made.

Confederate General Robert D. Lilley - Commanded Jubal Early's Brigade - Cased 1/2 Plate Ambrotype Augusta County, Virginia, ca. 1861. Two stalwart officers, wearing the dark blue frock coats of Virginia militia, pose for an unknown photographer on the eve of the Civil War. A piece of black paper taped to the underside of the image carries a penciled note identifying the men as "Col. Rob't D. Lilley" and "Maj. James Templeton". A young Robert Doak Lilley is the smaller officer to the right. The subjects' fancy militia officer's swords have ivory grips and hang from belt rigs outfitted with two-piece Virginia plates. Their uniform coats are double-breasted and secured with fourteen Virginia State Seal buttons. An additional Virginia button is visible on Templeton's plumed cocked hat, which rests on a table by his side. Red coloring has been added to the officers' sashes and yellow has been lightly applied to their swords and epaulettes. The ambrotype is in a gutta-percha case having an embossed Elizabethan scene on the lid. The case has minimal chipping to the edges.. The image itself is in excellent condition with only a few trivial spots in the fields.

Robert D. Lilley (1836 - 1886) was a captain with the Lee Rifles of Augusta County, Virginia. This militia unit became Co. "C" of the 25th Virginia Infantry. At Sharpsburg, Lilley, although only a captain, commanded his regiment by virtue of being the senior officer on the field. By Gettysburg he was a major. A brigadier's commission was forthcoming on June 2, 1864 when Lilley was given command of Jubal Early's old brigade. The new general served the rest of the war in the Shenandoah, being captured and losing his right arm at the battle at Winchester against Sheridan, when he burned the valley. Despite his general's rank, Lilley was better known after the war and may be seen in the famous Reconstruction-era group photo with General Lee that was taken at the Greenbrier Hotel.

The other officer in this picture is Major James Templeton of Virginia, who was a surgeon for Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate States Patent, Mechanical Drawing and Document Archive to James M. Lilley Father of CSA General Robert Doak Lilley. An important archive that includes a United States patent document, number 18608, dated November 10, 1857, 14.75" x 19.75", granted to James M. Lilley of Greenville, Virginia for an improved instrument for surveying and calculating areas including the original schematic diagram illustrating the device and a hand-written description of the device. On the reverse of the official patent document is the hand-written official Confederate States patent transfer information, dated February 4, 1862, with the Confederate Patent Office wax seal and signed by Rufus R. Rhodes, commissioner of patents. These Confederate transfer patents are quite scarce. There are only about 266 known examples cataloged. The document is in very good condition with fold creases as expected and only moderate age toning to the paper. The description document has a 6" tear at the center fold. Included with this rare Confederate transfer patent is a two-page, 8.25" x 13.5", document and hand-drawing by James Lilley which describes his measuring device. It is likely that this document was produced in the early stages of the patent process. Further highlighting the group is a four-page advertising document, 8.5" x 11", circa 1866 from the Stuart, Lilley & Company, real estate agents based in Staunton, Virginia, advertising the aforementioned surveying and calculating instrument and including endorsements from satisfied users. Noteworthy among those users is General G. T. Beauregard. The document is in fine condition with only light age toning to the first page.
James M. Lilley (1802-1875) was also an important military presence in the Virginia Militia in the early part of the 19th century. Included in this lot is a one page hand-written document 12.5" x 7.75", dated 1824, county of Augusta, noting the return men and arms of the 1st Battalion of the 93rd regiment of the Virginia Militia which is endorsed by Lilley, their commander. The document is a bit rough around the edges and toned with age but still in very good condition. A similar one page oblong document, 29.5" x 8", dated November 1, 1820 to January 13, 1821, in very good condition is also included. Of particular interest is a Commonwealth of Virginia commission document, signed by Virginia governor David Campbell, 10" x 8", on parchment, with Virginia Commonwealth wax seal, dated November 14, 1838, promoting James M. Lilley to the rank of colonel of the 93rd regiment of the infantry of the line, in the seventh brigade and third division of the Virginia Militia. Lastly is a printed circular of this Lilley patent for a 'survey transom' which was endorsed by Robert E. Lee, Beauregard and others. This is an important archive to an important Virginia family. Lilley's son, Robert Doak Lilley, was a much-celebrated Confederate Brigadier General. He fought at many important battles during the war.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A. P. Hill, Autograph Letter Signed to Robert E. Lee, Requests Appointment as Major General four pages, 7.5" x 9.75", "Hd Qrs 2d Corps", May 24, 1863, to General Robert E. Lee. This, one of Major General A. P. Hill's few surviving Civil War letters, was written while the Army of Northern Virginia was being reorganized in the wake of Stonewall Jackson's death. Lee needed a new divisional commander before launching what would become the Gettysburg Campaign. The most likely candidates were brigadiers Harry Heth and William Pender. As it happened, both generals were promoted and led divisions into Pennsylvania. Here A. P. Hill makes a passionate recommendation as follows: "I very respectfully beg leave to submit the following for your consideration. I believe there is to be one appointment of Major Gen for the Light Division. I do not think I claim for this Division anything more than is due, where I say that it has borne itself well and unitedly on every field from Mechanicsville to Chancellorsville. I ascribe its good conduct to its 'espirit du Corps', to its pride in its name, and to its uniform 'shoulder to shoulder feeling', and good feeling between the different Brigades. If a judicious appointment of Major General is not made, I fear that all this will be lost. The two most prominent candidates are Gens Heth and Pender. Of Gen Heth, I have but to say that I consider him a most excellent officer, and gallant soldier, and had he been with the Division through all its hardships, and acquired the confidence of the men, there is no man I had rather seen promoted than he. Now this is not the case. On the other hand Gen Pender has fought with the Divisions in every battle, he has been four times wounded and never left the field, he has risen by death and wounds from fifth Brigadier to be its senior, had the best drilled and disciplined Brigade in the Division, and more than all, possesses the unbridled confidence of the Division. At the battle of Chancellorsville he seized the colors, and on horseback led his Brigade up to and in to the Federal intrenchments(sp). The effect of such examples of daring gallantry at critical moments is incalculable. I am very earnest in this matter, for I know that 10,000 men, led by a commander whom they know and have fought with may turn the tide of battle, and I do not think the Confederacy can afford to have this army defeated. Hence, as much as I admire & respect Gen Heth, I am conscientiously of opinion that in the opening campaign my Divisions under him, will not be half as effective as under Gen Pender. I would suggest however, that if it is decided to promote Gen Heth that then a new division be formed by uniting Gen Heth's Brigade, Gen Archers Brigade, with two other Brigades, (say Ramseurs) & give Heth command, suffering Pender to retain his men, McGowan's, Thomas' and Lane's. Very Respectfully,". Evenly toned with smoothed fold lines and still crisp. Very fine condition.
Provenance:The William Turner Collection

C.S.A. General Henry Heth Autograph Letter Signed - A. P. Hill Joins the Confederacy H Heth Lt Col & A.Q.M.G". Two pages with docketing, lined 5" x 8" paper, Quartermaster Generals Office Richmond, May 7, 1861, to the governor of Virginia [John Letcher]. Just days after Heth had resigned from the U.S. Army and joined the Confederate Army, he petitions the governor to offer his friend A. P. Hill a commission. Heth, at this time, was serving as Robert E. Lee's quartermaster in Virginia. The letter reads, in part: "I take the liberty of calling your attention to the fact that A. P. Hill late of the U.S. Army is now here...and offers his services to Va, his native state. He graduated at West Point in 1847 [as did Heth]- he brings with him great military experience, especially as an officer of Light Artillery, his standing in the Army is very high...Mr. Hill has been offered by the Governor of Ky a Colonelcy, but declined on principal, thinking it was his duty to offer his services to his Native State..." There is an additional note beneath written and signed by John Strode Barbour, Jr., confirming and corroborating what Heth had said about Hill's qualifications. Barbour was, at the time, president of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad.

Whether influenced by Heth's recommendation or not we don't know, but Hill was commissioned colonel of the Virginia 13th Infantry Regiment two days after this letter was written. He distinguished himself at First Manassas, receiving a promotion to brigadier general the following February, to major general later in 1862, and to lieutenant general in 1863 after the death of Stonewall Jackson (at about the same time Heth was promoted to major general). Heth and Hill would both have controversial roles to play at Gettysburg and both were personal favorites of General Robert E. Lee. Hill was killed on April 2, 1865 at Petersburg, just days before Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House. He had once said that he had no desire to see the collapse of the Confederacy and he didn't. This historical letter is in very fine condition with original folds.
Provenance:The William Turner Collection

Fantastic Association West Point Diploma Signed by Robert E. Lee as Superintendent, also signed by Future Confederate General Robert S. Garnett and Future Union General Fitz-John Porter An oversized velum DS "R E Lee", 1 page, 17" x 23", West Point, New York, June 16, 1854, being the West Point diploma awarded to Michael R. Morgan of the State of Louisiana upon completion of his degree. Also signed by Robert Selden Garnett, the first Confederate general officer to die in action during the Civil War when he fell at Carrick's Ford on July 13, 1861; and Fitz-John Porter, who signs twice, first at the bottom as an instructor and again at top left as the recorder. Document bears usual folds and mild discoloration as is common with velum, however all signatures remain very visible with the Lee rating about an "8". On the verso, a former owner notes how he came to have possession of the diploma: "This diploma was taken by me from a sailor (at Pilot Town on the Mississippi river) belonging to the steam gunboat Montgomery, who was taking it as a rebel trophy. Month of April 1862 Edward S. Lamid [?]." A highly desirable diploma valuable on many levels and in very good condition.

Brady Carte de Visite of Robert E. Lee, Custis Lee and Walter Taylor, M. B. Brady & Co. backmark on verso, copyright information on lower obverse margin. shortly after the surrender at Appomattox, Matthew Brady received permission to visit General Lee's home in Richmond. The ensuing photography session resulted in some of the most enduring portraits of the general. This particular image shows General Lee with his son, Custis, and aide-de-camp Colonel Taylor. Light foxing, else fine condition.

Robert E. Lee Signed CDV, "R E Lee, Vannerson & Jones, Richmond, Virginia backmark. General Lee is shown here in profile as photographed by Julian Vannerson in 1863. Lightly toned with Lee's characteristic signature being fully legible. Very fine condition with crisp edges.

Rare Wartime Signed CDV of Robert E. Lee, with "R E Lee" in lower field. Matted and framed to 6.75" x 10". This rare carte de visite by Minnis & Cowell of Richmond carries a lithograph made from the firm's 1863 full length photograph of the great general. Lee is depicted here in his prime as a Confederate commander. Nice, large signature on an exceptionally clean print. Very fine condition.

Autograph Letter Signed by Robert E. Lee Accompanied by a Signed Carte de Visite of the General in Confederate Uniform Single page ALS "R E Lee", 5.25" x 8.25", Lexington, Va., April 15, 1867, to a Rev. William C. Greene enclosing a CDV. He writes: "I have the houner [sic] to state in reply to your note of the 11 ulto; that I know of no good full sized photograph of Mr. Davis & Genl Beauregard. The best large one I have seen of myself is by Gardner of Washington City; a profile likeness. I enclose a small one taken during the war by Vannesian & Co., Richmond, Vir." Accompanied by a signed version of the CDV of Lee bearing a bold signature. Albumen is very clean save a few spots and there is evidence of minor restoration done to the mount. The letter bears mat burn at margins, and professional restoration has replaced a few spots of paper loss. Otherwise a nice pairing of Lee items, referencing one of the most noted American photographers of his time, Alexander Gardner.

Exceptional Civil War-dated Letter Signed to Maj. General John Cabell Breckenridge, 2 pages, 8.25" x 10.25", "Hd Qrs Army N Va", Oct. 26, 1864, informing him that the supposed benefits of independent commands are outweighed by their accompanying disadvantages. He writes, in large part: "The subject of authorizing the raising of companies in those districts not accessible to our enrolling officers, has been much considered, and we have had a good deal of experience of its effects. I have been induced by the evils attending it to request the Department to revoke all such authorizations, except in Ky & parts of Tenn, and to refuse to grant others. It has been found that such commands cause desertions from our regular armies to such an extent, of men from the districts where these independent commands are raised, for the purpose of getting near their homes, that the loss is not compensated by the advantage. The best regulated independent commands contain many deserters of this kind in spite of all the efforts that have been made to prevent it. My experience is that men enlisted for service in a particular locality are worthless for the general service, and not of much value for that into which they enter. Their object is not so much to do duty as to be near their homes. the qualifications you suggest that they should be enlisted only for general service, I regard as indispensable to granting such authority, but it would be found that few men could be obtained under such terms and those who might enlist would consider that they had some kind of right to remain where the command is raised. they invariably desert or prove worthless when transferred to another locality. I cannot therefore recommend the granting of the authority to raise such commands in Virginia & Tennessee. As to Ky, the case is different somewhat, and the Department has authorized various persons to recruit in that state. I have no doubt that the privilege has been abused as you say, and I have recommended to the Secretary to revoke the authority in such cases as you will designate as unsuitable, and either to authorize you to send officers of your selection in Ky for the purpose, or to empower only such as you may recommend..."

The Shenandoah Valley Campaign of summer and fall 1864 marked the end of Confederate rule in Virginia. It was Union Major General Sheridan's major victories there which brought President Lincoln his much needed and timely successes. In early October, the Union cavalry systematically destroyed everything in their path, including civilian property. This three day period, Oct. 6-8, 1864, would become known as "The Burning". Some resistance was provided by Confederate General Jubal A, Early, first launching an attack driving Federal forces northward, and then through a brilliant surprise attack at dawn on Oct. 19th crushing two-thirds of the Union infantry. Nevertheless, Sheridan's superior forces were able to rally and counter-attack routing the Confederates at the Battle of Cedar Creek. Sheridan's forces would go on to inflict four major defeats on Early, ultimately marking the beginning of the end for the Confederacy. Lee's only hope for the Confederacy lay in conscription and in the substitution of disabled soldiers and blacks for the still able-bodied soldiers on detail. Lee had been hopeful that replacements from farmers who had harvested their crops would help swell Confederate ranks, but by the end of October, at the time this letter is written, he accepted the futility and considered only conscription into the army as a solution. Unfortunately, conscripts were few.

An excellent letter filled with Lee's military insight and experience as he faces unavoidable defeat. The "R" in Lee's signature is light, the result of a faulty nib as the remainder is quite bold; overall the letter is in near fine condition with dark and legible text.

Superb Post-War Portrait of Robert E. Lee Signed, "R E Lee", oval albumen print, 6" x 8.25", framed to an overall 11.75" x 13.5". Lee, as President of Washington College, wears a civilian suit in this Matthew Brady portrait taken in May, 1869. The former Confederate general consented to a studio sitting while in Washington visiting his old adversary, President U. S. Grant. The image has an earlier wooden back carrying a frame-maker's label dated September 25, 1860 and made out to a Mr. W.F. Stansbury. The whole has been placed in a more recent wood and gilt frame. An attractive deep sepia toning with a large, bold signature make this a great Lee presentation. A small water stain in the lower field does not detract in the least. Accompanying this piece is a photocopy of the frame's back with a typed note of provenance that no longer exists. It reads: "W. F. Stansbury, Jr. attended Washington & Lee College in Lexington, Virginia. Was in Ford Theatre when President Lincoln was shot, 1865. The picture of Robert E. Lee belonged to him. You will note on back of frame that it has the name of W. F. Stansbury 1860, that was our grandfather, and the frame was purchased long before the picture was framed. This frame was given to me many years later by Aunt Lily Durden, the back was in an old frame."

General George Pickett, Extremely Rare Civil War-dated Autograph Letter Signed to His Pregnant Wife, LaSalle "Sallie" Corbett Pickett, 4 pages, 8" x 9.75", from the Howlett Line during the Bermuda Hundred Campaign, July 4, [1864]. He pens, in part:

"I got your sweet long letter darling of my heart. does not your husband wish, pray and sigh to be with his Sallie, his only only love. Dearest I like very much the tone of your letter, it seems healthy, your bountiful trust in our Giver of life, the Great Being, is so like you, so holy, so humble and like a Christian in the true sense of the word.

You know my precious, how much I detest outward show, and manifestations of religion - any ostentation of it is unpleasant and disgusting - but it offers up your silent prayer with a truthful heart, and as untrusting spirit to our God to make is better, to assist us, that I think is the true way. Thank God my wife I have tried, to follow the example which you have set me. No night do I close my eyes without a prayer to our Father enlisting him to preserve us both through our troubles, and to permit us hereafter to becomes better, no i should say good - for I have done so many wicked things - thoughtlessly sometimes, knowingly & recklessly at others, when I lived without a hope, without a ray of light to brighten my weary dark path, ho changed my feelings, how soothed and softened my heart and finding my Treasure.

Darling to not let me retrograde into darkness - without you life would be [?] to soul and body - i could not live.

Oh my own wife, keep up in every way (if you love me as I know you do) tho' your husband cannot come to see you, know you have his heart, his every thought, you know his anxiety greater for you than all his other anxieties and God knows they are sometimes great - greater than he could tell for his sake - for our sakes - get the little girl's [?] up my pet when you do come to have this pain. I feel every confidence my pet and I see you exhibiting the right courage & spirit - Remember dearest love the future hopefully we will both have a brave heart, a good Doctor kind & gentle and a trust in Eve, all will be right my own darling baby, She shall always be my baby shant she?... Auld Dearest we have just taken a 'fourth of july' to your sweet self while the Enemy fired their usual salute at 12 m[idnight]. the national salute to day they fired with solid shot..."

Pickett is excessively rare war-dated correspondence, and such a personal missive is particularly desirable. With archival repairs at fold separations, including the addition of paper loss; however ink is very bold and all text remains legible, overall condition is very good.

Rare Confederate 'Pickett Surrender' Document Signed by His Brother, "C. Pickett" by Major Charles F. Pickett and "G E Pickett", secretarially by Charles Pickett, one page with docketing, 7.5" x 10", April 11, 1865, Appomattox C. H., Virginia. This "Last Return of Pickett's Division as surrendered April 9, 1865" is composed of a hand-drawn grid on which the troops of each brigade of the division is noted. Officers and enlisted men are counted separately, with the former being further divided by rank. A total strength of just 987 makes up this tattered remnant of George Pickett's reduced division. Major General Pickett was not present to sign this final roll, leaving his brother, the division's Assistant Adjutant General, the task of doing so. Considerable fading to title, some stains, smoothed folds with small splits. Very good condition.
Provenance:The William Turner Collection

C.S.A. General John Echols Autograph Letter Signed "Jno: Echols". One page with verso docketing, 5" x 8", lined paper, Dublin [Virginia], October 22, 1864, to Maj. J. Stoddard Johnston, assistant adjutant general. Written while Echols was in charge of the District of Southwestern Virginia, it reads in full, "Mr. John C. Bowyer, C.S. Commissioner, Staunton Va, wishes a permit to take two barrels of flour, and some other small family supplies from this Department to Staunton. I enclose his affidavit. Will you give the permit & forward it to me? I will see it sent to him." Fine condition with original folds, a bit of toning away from the text and mounting tape traces on verso.
Provenance:The William Turner Collection

Confederate General Edward Johnson POW Autograph Letter Signed to Emily S.B. Brune, the Angel of Fort Delaware, 2 pages, 5" x 8", Fort Delaware, May 29, 1864, thanking her for all of the food and sundries received. He writes, in part: "I thank you for the box you and my other friends must not send me any more clothing... as I am taxing your generosity too much. I am now well supplied with almost everything..." Additional content includes chatty news regarding mutual friends.

Johnson (1816-1873) was a graduate of West Point and entered the Confederate service as Col. of the 12th Georgia under Robert S. Garnett. Johnson would fall prisoner twice during the war, and this letter is written during his first incarceration after he was captured at the "Bloody Angle". He would be released at the end of the summer of 1864, at which time he would be re-assigned to the 2nd Corps., Army of Tennessee. He would end the war as a POW, being released in July 1865 after being captured during the Battle of Nashville.

The letter is in very good condition with the usual mail folds, with a 1.5" tear at bottom of first page, with no paper loss and easily mended. Accompanied by the original transmittal cover, bearing a Delaware City postmark, a great association letter and relic of Emily Brune whose many good works on behalf of Confederate prisoners, earned her the nickname, "Angel of Fort Delaware".
Provenance:The William Turner Collection

George Washington Custis Lee War-Dated Autograph Letter Signed to General John Winder at 'Castle Thunder' "G.W.C. Lee". One page, 8" x 8.75", Confederate States of America Executive Department letterhead, Richmond, Virginia, August 25, 1863, dark ink to John Henry Winder. This Lee ALS is addressed to General John Henry Winder, who was at the time commander of all Union military prisoners east of the Mississippi, later known as the "beast" of Andersonville. The letter here reads in full: "Neither Col. Browne nor myself have any knowledge of a communication from Welsh or Wash confirmed in Castle Thunder. There is no such name recorded in our book, nor can I find such a paper on our desks. I will however search further, and inform you of the result. Col. Browne and myself are the only ones present just now. I have the honor to be very respectfully G.W.C. Lee."

Besides being the son of Robert E. Lee, Custis Lee served as aide-de-camp to Confederate President Jefferson Davis during most of the Civil War, and had been named a brigadier general exactly two months before he wrote this letter to Winder. Castle Thunder was an infamous military prison in Richmond, where spies, political prisoners, and soldiers accused of treason were housed. The letter is fine, with minimal edge wear, light pencil initials toward the bottom, and one small crease at the bottom right of the document. Usual folds present, and three thin strips of archival tape can be seen along the edges on the verso of the letter. A wonderful correspondence from one Richmond general to another.
Provenance:The William Turner Collection

Alexander Swift (Sandie) Pendleton Autograph Letter Signed to Jubal Early About His Arrest, "A. S. Pendleton", one page, 7" x 9.25", Headquarters, 2nd Corps, April 25, 1864, to General Jubal Early. It reads: "The Lieut. General commanding directs me to say, that, your remarks upon the enclosed communication of Maj. Brown and G. are considered improper. They are therefore returned for withdrawal. Your attention is now called to the enclosed paper, marked A, showing the decision of the War Dept. and the comdg. General as to the method of transmission of orders in the Staff Departments. The instructions given by Maj. Brown to Maj. Hale are in accordance with their decision." Stains, smoothed folds. Very good condition.
Jubal Early Autograph Letter Signed to Sandie Pendleton, "JA Early", one page, 7.5" x 10", Jamesville Ford, April 26, 1864, to Sandie Pendleton. It reads in part as follows:"I desire to know what is the extent of the limits of my confinement. When you informed me that I was placed under arrest, the condition was that I would confine myself to the limits of my camp. I wish to know if this means the camp of my quarters or of my division...". A verso endorsement signed "A. S. Pendleton" reads, "The limits of Maj Gen J A Early's arrest are extended to embrace all points within the limits of this army.". Backed with clear linen, old repairs with light stains.
Jubal Early Autograph Letter Signed, Regarding His Arrest, "J A Early", one page, 7.25" x 10", Jamesville Ford, April 28, 1864, to Sandie Pendleton. It reads: "I received last night on my return the paper containing General Lee's remarks in regard to the subject of my arrest. Am I to understand that I am released from arrest and resume my command without any further delay?" Endorsed by Pendleton on verso as follows: "Having been released from arrest by command of Genl. Lee Maj Gen. Early will resume his sword & command. By orders of Lt Gen Ewell A.S Pendleton A,A,G.". Fading, stains, separation along upper fold.
Provenance: The William Turner Collection

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson and Jubal A. Early Autograph Endorsements Signed on Verso of an Autograph Letter Signed by Harry T. Hays AES "T Jackson" , Dec. 26, 1862 reading, in part: "Respectfully forwarded & acknowledged" on verso of an ALS dated Nov. 19, 1862, by Hays requesting detached officers and soldiers be returned to duty to the 1st Louisiana Brigade commanded by Hays. In addition to Jackson, the verso bears two AESs by Jubal E. Early, the first dated Dec. 25, 1862 and reading: "This paper is respectfully forwarded with the request that such officers and men as are not on extra duty in the division may be returned to the brigade." The second endorsement, dated "HdQrs Ewells Division January 12, 1863" reads: "Men on duty in the division can't be returned unless we under proposition [unintelligible] from this brigade." Integral sheets, each measuring 7.75" x 9.75", have been detached and framed side by side in a gild frame measuring 27.5" x 17.5". Unfortunately Jackson's holograph and signature have all but faded, and Early's endorsements fare only slightly better and rate a "4".

Jefferson Davis Civil War-Dated Manuscript Letter Signed "Jeffer. Davis". 1½ pages, 7.75" x 9.75" lined paper, Richmond, Virginia, March 20, 1863, to Joseph E. Brown, the governor of Georgia, at Milledgeville. It reads, in full: "In reply to my telegram of the 17th inst. in reference to the seizure of the State railroad, Genl. Bragg states, that the Ordnance officer at Atlanta asserted to him that the Road refused to transport arms and ammunition, and that then he (Genl. Bragg) directed the Quartermaster's Department to use force, if necessary, to get forward these supplies, and report the facts to Col. Hadly, Supt. The supplies were forwarded, and force was not used. Such action on the part of the officers of the Confederate Government is much to be regretted; although force, as I am glad to learn, was not used in this case. Genl. Bragg has been directed in the event of similar difficulties hereafter arising, to call upon you for assistance, with the assurance that you will be always ready to further, in any proper manner, the interests of our common cause."

This is an excellent content letter as these two gentlemen were not the best of friends. Although Brown was an ardent secessionist, instrumental in Georgia following leaving the Union in January 1861, he did not care for the policies of Jefferson Davis and even referred to him as a tyrant. Brown's opposition to the power of the central Confederate government did much to hamper the general southern war effort though he was generally popular with his constituency. His continuing resistance to all Confederate attempts to seize the Western and Atlantic Railroad related to the situation discussed in this letter. Interestingly, a few years after the war, Brown became president of the aforementioned railroad. Stains along a repair in the lower right corner, else fine with a particularly bold signature.

J.E.B. Stuart Autograph Letter Signed To Henry A. Wise, Governor of Virginia, 3 pages, 7.75" x 9.75", Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Territory, March 23, 1857. With an ALS by Wise to fellow Virginian, John B. Floyd on the verso; and an endorsement signed by future Confederate General Samuel Cooper. Stuart writes, in large part: "I have the honor to transmit herewith copies of testimonials this day furnished direct to the Comy General of Subsistence U.S.A. to be laid before the Hon. Secy of War. Availing myself of your kindness and the disposition expressed in your note of Decr 22d 1856, to Serve a Son of my lamented father, I send you certified copies of these papers for your assistance, premising that a vacancy may occur any day and be filled before you can hear it even at Richmond, which makes it necessary to urge an appointment for the first vacancy before it occurs. I have made it a simple application to the Hon. Sec Mr. Floyd through the proper channels, and have not gone out of my way for testimonials confining myself entirely to the officers of rank with whom I am now serving; but there are some remarks which I deem it not improper to make to you, in which I promise to be as brief as possible. The appointment which I seek, is the only way in which a Lieutenant of the line can anticipate the tardy progress of promotion as a kind of Brevet, retaining at the same time his lineal or Regimental rank as Lieutenant, but having the pay and emoluments of Captain. And in as much as his appointment as Captain in the Staff Dept. gives him no additional command or lineal rank, it can not be considered an encroachment upon the rights of Lieutenants Senior to him. In fact, the provisions of the Law making it entirely at the discretion of the presidents as, regards the selection, it would be quite reasonable to give such an appointment, other things equal, to the junior because the Senior will soon get his promotion in the regular way, entitling him to all the prerogatives of Captain. I understand (I have not seen them yet) that the Edition of the Army Regulations published just as Mr Davis made his exit from the War Dept, have the extraordinary [last word is underlined for emphasis] provision that no m[ounted]d officer shall be eligible to appointment in the Staff Departments. I can only account for such an absurdity by supposing that the unjust proscription [last word is underlined] of the Subalterns of the mounted Regt has been so long practically [last word is underlined] followed out, that it has passed unnoticed into the code. Any one endowed with reason common sense and, a common sense of Justice, except Mr Davis, must agree that such an outrageous distinction has no foundation whatever in either law, justice, or reason. From my limited acquaintance with Mr Floyd I cannot for a moment believe that he will allow himself to be trammeled by such a Regulation. The law expressly provides that the appointments shall be filled by the President by selection form the Subalterns (not of the Artillery & Infantry alone, but) of the line of the Army. And there have been appointments from mounted Regts. to the Staff - though I must say they are 'like angels visits few & far between'. You will find by the Army Register that in the entire Subsistence Dept three are from the Infantry and the remaining nine from the Artillery. It can not be denied that the Cavalry portion of our Army perform by far the most arduous duty belonging to the Service, ought it not then have a share of the immunities of the Service. I respectfully request that upon a full consideration of whatever claims, if any, I have you will if you feel justified in doing so, at your earliest convenience bring my appointment, to fill the first vacancy which occurs in the Subsistence Dept U.S. Army, to the favorable consideration of the Hon[orab]le Sec. of War and the President."

Gov. Wise writes on the verso: "I enclose to you the within testimonials, well assured as I am that you will give to them all due consideration." an endorsement signed by Samuel Cooper forwards the matter to the "Commissary of Subsistence". With the usual mail folds, and very clean save light soiling on the last page which would have served as the exterior; letter bears and excellent Stuart signature with rank as "1st Lt 1st Cav.".

1865 Manuscript Official Copy of Robert E. Lee's Farewell Address, also known as "General Order No 9." 1¼ pages, 8" x 10" letterhead of the State of Virginia Executive Department at Richmond (1863 watermark), Head Quarters A.N.V., April 10, 1865. A war-date transcription on official State of Virginia letterhead of Lee's touching and heartfelt farewell to his troops in the Army of Northern Virginia. It reads, in full:

"After four years of arduous service marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Va has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources.

I need not tell the brave survivors of so many hard fought battles who have remained steadfast to the last, that I have consented to this result from no distrust of them. But feeling that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing that would compensate for the loss that must have attended the continuance of the contest, I determined to avoid the sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen.

By the terms of the agreement, Officers & men can return to their homes & remain until exchanged. You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty, faithfully performed; and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you his blessing & protection. With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your Country, and a grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration of myself, I bid you all an affectionate farewell. R. E. Lee, General"
This very well could be Virginia Governor William 'Extra Billy' Smith's personal copy of the Order since he fled the capital to Lynchburg and then to Danville taking government documents with him, directly responsible for the survival of documents such as these.
Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

University of Virginia Autograph Book Signed by Mosby, 174 pages, 8vo (5.5" x 8.5"), tooled gilt leather covers, 1851, published in Philadelphia by P. S. Duval. In addition to the blank pages typical of 19th century autograph books, this one carries several engravings specific to UVa. These include a likeness of Thomas Jefferson, a view of nearby Monticello, The Rotunda and portraits of several faculty members. The book belonged to student Frank P. Fulton of Portsmouth, Virginia and is inscribed with sentimental verse by 51 of his classmates, each naming his hometown and/or county and state. The most famous signatory here is none other than future Confederate partisan ranger John Singleton Mosby. He writes: "Dear Frank, 'In future years, when turning to survey/ The joy & scenes of many a pleasant day / If on this page you chance to cast your gaze / Recalling days of pleasure long gone by / Pause ere you turn this leaf, and lend / A transient recollection to a friend'. Yours Truly John S. Mosby Albermarle Co. Va". A year after these lines were penned, the diminutive Mosby would be expelled form the university for shooting campus bully George Turpin. Mosby's actions, although of a defensive nature, earned him a certain notoriety and not a little jail time. It is highly probable that, like Mosby, many of the students named in this book would go on to serve the Confederacy some years hence. Further research will tell. Interestingly over 20% of the signers are from Alabama, making that state's presence at UVa second only to Virginia's natural dominance of the student body. The binding of this small book is loose with its worn front cover and several pages being separated from the spine. Internal foxing with moderate damp stains. Overall good condition.

John Singleton Mosby Writes Home to His Mother During the Opening Days of the War Early war-dated ALS "Jno S. Mosby", 4 pages, 5" x 7.75", Richmond, June 18, 1861, to his mother recounting his march to Richmond. He writes, in part: "Dear Ma -- I reached this place yesterday evening. We had been 18 days on the road. We generally slept on the ground at night & I never before had such luxurious sleeping. I had no sign of a cold although it rained a good deal of the time. I fattened every day, our march was a perfect ovation. The people threw open their doors to us. I don't know how long we will stay here - about a week I think & from this place to Ashland 16 miles from here to Camp of Instruction. Virginia & McKendric Jefferies are there in a Co. The first person I met was Dick Wyatt - belongs to the Goodland Artillery - Willey Eppes treated the Company - he introduced me to his family & said he knows you very well - I sent all my clothes on here by railroad & have not been able to find them... I wish you would send me something to eat. the food here is very rough - nothing but fat salt meat & cold hard bread." In postscripts he adds: "I am writing in Mr. Palmer's store - he is very anxious for me to go home with him, but I have nothing but dirty clothes - a blue jeans hunting shirt over a blue flannel one... [and on the fourth panel of the integral sheet] always address me Capt. Jones Washington Mounted Rifles. Mr. Palmer says ours is the finest company that has come to Richmond, not in dress (for I can tell you we look like savages) but in fighting qualities..." As he notes in his letter, Mosby was mustered into service as a private with the Washington Mounted Rifles. Prior to the First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) on July 21, Mosby and his company were absorbed into J.E.B. Stuart's 1st Virginia Cavalry, portions of which accompanied Stuart to aid Beauregard at First Manassas. Mosby would soon gain the attention of his young commander and be appointed an adjutant of Stuart's staff before embarking on his illustrious career as a partisan ranger in 1863.

Letter has some wear and moderate toning, with professional restoration at folds, including minor replacement of some paper loss, However, ink remains bold and very legible. War-date letters by Mosby are extremely rare and the romance still evident in his impressions of the early days of the war make this letter particularly desirable and exciting.

Famous Carte de Visite Showing Five of "Mosby's Men", Anderson & Co. backmark, Richmond, Virginia. Mosby's Rangers John Munson, Ben Palmer, Thomas Becker, Walter Gosden and Alexander Babcock are posing here in Confederate uniforms. This image is housed in a period wooden frame having a gilt inner border. The overall framed size is 7.5" x 9". Very good condition. As the Confederacy's fortunes declined, the popularity of Colonel John Singleton Mosby and his command soared. Consequently, the members of the 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion became favorite subjects of various photographers.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Three Brothers in Mosby Rangers Cased 1/6th Plate Ambrotype A slip of paper stored behind the image identifies the men in this portrait as James, Isham, and Jerome Keith of Warrenton, Virginia, all of whom were serving in John S. Mosby's 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion at the time of this sitting. James and Isham wear civilian clothes whereas Jerome is in Confederate uniform. James and Isham previously served in the famous Black Horse Troop, Company H, 4th Virginia Cavalry, whereas the younger Jerome's military career was entirely spent with Mosby.This poignant image is housed in a gutta-percha case with a chess-playing scene on both sides. A tiny bit of scattered spotting does not detract from the ambrotype's excellent surfaces and overall high state of preservation.

Provenance: A. D. Payne Estate; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Mosby's First Sergeant Alexander G. Babcock's Boyle & Gamble Side Knife, 13.75" overall length with 9.5" blade, bone grips secured by brass pins, iron guard, etched foliate design on one side of the blade with crossed flags etched on the opposing side, leather sheath with brass throat and scabbard tip. Top mount engraved "A. Babcock 43 batt'l". The highly polished bone handle has minor age cracks and is pleasantly toned. The blade, although fresh and bright, is quite worn with the etching being largely reduced to an outline of the original. A split runs along the top seam of the sheath, otherwise it is intact and quite presentable. Overall fine condition.

Crafted by Richmond's premier edged weapon maker during the Civil War, this fine side knife was carried by First Sergeant Alexander G. Babcock of Mosby's 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion. Babcock, a New Yorker born in 1835, changed sides during the war and faithfully discharged his duties once becoming a Confederate partisan. He was attached to Mosby's artillery company as of 1864. Being a real bear of a man, the former Yankee features prominently in many of the late war photographs of Mosby and his men. Babcock, in spite of his Northern origins and unconventional enlistment, is buried in the hallowed ground of Richmond's Hollywood Cemetery.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Captain Frederick W. Smith 2nd National Confederate - Mosby's Ranger's Flag With Archive Second National Confederate Flag, 31" fly, 17" leading edge, wool bunting, 10.5" x 10.25." The Canton consists of a St. Andrews cross with 13 stars on a white "Stainless banner'" field. The fly has a 1" hoist with three grommets. Intact with slight mothing and soiling as expected. It is professionally framed to an overall 38.5" x 23.5". This flag belonged to Frederick Waugh Smith, son of Confederate General and Virginia Governor "Extra Billy" Smith. The younger Smith, born in 1843, initially served with the 49th Virginia, was wounded at Fredericksburg and served as a lieutenant on his father's staff. On March 13, 1865, Frederick Smith obtained an appointment by President Jefferson Davis to Colonel John S. Mosby's command and served on Mosby's Staff until war's end. Smith brought this flag home with him from Mosby's command and, like many Confederate ex-patriots, after the Confederacy fell, moved to South Africa where he married and resided through the Boer War. The early 20th century found the former Confederate living in Washington, D.C. However, he returned to Cape Town in 1921 and stayed there until his death.

Included with Smith's flag are various biographical materials and the following personal items:
Carte de Visite Album, 10" x 6.25", heavily tooled gilt leather covers, contains photographs of Governor "Extra Billy" Smith and his wife.
Carte de Visite of Confederate Captain Frederick Waugh Smith, Provost Marshal of Mosby's Rangers, Alexander Gardner, Washington, D.C. backmark.

Authentication: The flag has been authenticated and treated by Textile Preservation Associates and comes with full documentation of its conservation. Fonda Thomsen Textile Preservation Sharpsburg, MD

Provenance:
Virginia Governor William Smith (1861 - 1865)
Captain Frederick Waugh Smith, provost marshal of Mosby's Rangers
Gov. William "Extra Billy" Smith's family, Johannesburg, South Africa
Dr John Lynn, Petersburg, Virginia, Old South Antiques
The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Museum, Warrenton, Virginia *****

Confederate Bowie Knife Carried By Mosby Ranger John Hume 14" overall length, 9" blade, bone or ivory hilt, silver mount and guard, "Queen's / Cutlery Works / Sheffield" on ricasso, "Mapin / Brothers" and "The Hunter's Companion / Warranted Not To Be / Excelled In Quality" on blade, square, beveled silver pommel inset engraved "J.H. Va.", knife housed in stitched leather sheath. The engraved pommel serves to identify this fine Sheffield import as belonging to John Hume of Mosby's famous partisan command. Attractive patina on grip has three age cracks; sheath remains supple and enjoys tight stitching.

Provenance: The Hume family; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Unique Confederate-Altered Harper's Ferry Rifle This 1855 U. S. Percussion Model .58 caliber rifle is stamped '1860' and 'Harper's Ferry' at the lock and the eagle motif stamped on the tape primer compartment. Originally fitted with a 33" round barrel, this rifle is unique in that it has been converted by a creative Confederate to use as a cavalry carbine. The barrel now measures just over 22" and the walnut stock has been checkered just behind the hammer and toward the patchbox for added grip o horseback. This is an interesting and attractive Confederate conversion.
Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of Military History
Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Mosby Ranger Joshua Dear's Colt Army Model 1860 and red sash His .44 caliber revolver, serial number 33582 marked "JLD" on the backstrap, features an 8" round barrel, 6-shot cylinder, loading lever and plunger, and back strap, all of iron. The trigger guard, front strap, and blade front sight are brass. The serial number appears on the barrel lug, the frame in front of trigger guard, trigger guard flat, and butt strap (faintly). Wedge is unmarked. Cylinder is marked "Colt's Patent no. 3582" over "pat Sept 10th 1860" on circumference. Left side of frame marked "Colt's Patent" in 2 lines. Top of barrel marked "address Col. Samuel Colt, New York, U. S. America". Faint evidence of cylinder scene remains.

Wood grip exhibits some dings and scratches especially on left side near butt. "JLD" is scratched into butt strap. "S" stamped on front strap behind trigger guard, which will index.

Even, brown patina on barrel, cylinder and back strap. Traces of original finish on loading lever and frame. Brass has an even, mellow patina. Also included in this lot is Joshua Dear's Civil War-issue percussion cap box.

Provenance: Lee Wallace Collection, Petersburg, Virginia; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Sharps Carbine, Private William A. Keyes, 'Mosby's Rangers' This Model 1852 Sharps .52 caliber percussion breechloader was carried by Private William A. Keyes of the famous Mosby's Partisan Rangers during the Civil War. Keyes was one of Mosby's original men and took part in the B&O Railroad 'Greenback Raid' on October 14, 1864 when Mosby and his men, including Keyes, liberated $168,000 in US greenbacks with each of the participants taking $2,000 each, while famously burning Union General Philip Sheridan's train. The raiders generally created havoc for the Union Army, effectively causing such diversion of Union resources that Mosby and his men like Keyes are generally credited for extending the war.
This Sharps cavalry carbine gives evidence of its use by Private Keyes. There is an even, rich patina of the 21 1/2" barrel and many indentations of the wood at the forearm and buttstock. The 'Sharp's Patent 1852' is marked clearly at the lockplate with the serial number of 12726 below the 'Sharps Patent 1848' at the tang. Atop the barrel is the 'Sharps Rifle Manufg. Co. Hartford, Conn.' clearly stamped.
This Sharps carbine of Private William A Keyes is an historic and important weapon from the Mosby's Ranger unit in the Civil War. Carved into the gun stock just below the patch box is W. A. Keyes.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

John Singleton Mosby Signed Carte de Visite - Clearly signed Jno S. Mosbyin pencil along lower margin, C. E. Jones & Vannerson, Richmond, Virginia Confederate backmark. This image would have been taken early in 1865 following Mosby's recovery from the December 21, 1864 wound that nearly killed him. His collar displays the three stars of a full Confederate colonel. Light stains on the back, some wear. Very good condition and very rare signed war-dated autograph.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Cased 1/6th Plate Ambrotype of John Singleton Mosby. This remarkable image was taken by a Winchester photographer in early 1865 while the Confederacy's celebrated "Gray Ghost" was recovering from a nearly fatal abdominal wound sustained shortly before Christmas, 1864. Mosby, looking decidedly ill, wears a coat and vest of military cut. His clothing, however, lacks any insignia and is dotted with civilian buttons. This outfit is typical of what he would wear when operating incognito in the field. The ambrotype is housed in the original gutta-percha Union case embossed on both sides with a fanciful agrarian scene. Minor emulsion loss does not detract in the least from the visual appeal of this unique historically important portrait of the Confederacy's "Grey Ghost."

On the evening of December 21, 1864 Lt. Colonel Mosby and partisan ranger Tom Love stopped for supper at the home of Ludwell Lake in Loudon County, Virginia. What should have been a pleasant repast among friends turned ugly with the unexpected arrival of a Federal force. A wild shot from the yard came through a window and struck Mosby just below his navel. Thinking quickly before the onset of debilitating pain, Mosby hid his fancy imported officer's coat and thus prevented an inquest that would have surely led to his capture. He also had the presence of mind to feign imminent death. The Federals took Love prisoner, but left the seemingly unimportant Mosby, who had given a false name, to die. Later, after the bullet was extracted, Mosby was sent to his father's home near Lynchburg to recover. He was promoted to full colonel during convalescence and returned to the field with the onset of the Confederacy's final spring. This photograph, with photographer's initials in the top right corner, came from Mosby's Surgeon, Dr. Wess Blackwell, out of his home "Heartland" through his son's estate (Joseph Hancock Blackwell). Heartland was also used by Mosby as his headquarters. The rarest photograph of Mosby in existence.

Provenance: J. Blackwell of Fauquier County, Virginia; Wess Blackwell; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

John Singleton Mosby, A Plaster Bust by Herbert Barbee John Singleton Mosby (1833-1916) was a Confederate cavalryman famous for his raiding behind enemy lines with his 'Partisan Rangers'. He is generally given credit for prolonging the life of the Confederacy, ruling in military superiority in eastern Virginia so much that the area became known as 'Mosby's Confederacy.'

This magnificent and unique plaster bust of Colonel Mosby was completed by the master sculptor Herbert Barbee in 1920, and given to a family friend in Luray, Virginia, from whom it was originally acquired. Done in a bass-relief oval at 1" in depth and signed 'Herbert Barbee, 1920' under Mosby's left arm, the piece measures 18½" x 24½" and is in excellent condition. Mosby is depicted facing to his right in a serene pose dressed in his Confederate Colonel's uniform with the corresponding three stars at the collar. His highly-detailed Virginia frock coat buttons have been hand-gilded, the intricate lines of his facial features and hair well-defined, all giving the sense that this portrait could have been done from life, even though it was completed four years after his death as a commemoration of the great cavalry officer's life.

Herbert Barbee studied his craft in Italy and completed many pieces in the United States, but none as spectacular as this. He has captured the essence of Mosby and his stately demeanor. Fabulously framed in a a 5" highly-carved wooden frame with a beaded oval 26" opening, this portrait bust of Mosby is one of a kind.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Watercolor Drawing of General John Singleton Mosby's Raid at Catlett's Station This striking battle sketch was done by Alfred Von Erickson of Fredericksburg, Virginia, a wartime Confederate artist, Erickson followed the events of the Civil War documenting the battles and historical engagements near his home. In this 14" x 11" walnut-framed watercolor and pencil drawing titled Mosby's Men Destroying The Railroad Train at Catlett's Station, May 28, a band of Confederate Colonel John Singleton Mosby's raiders are seen atop a hill riding from the scene of railroad cars they have just burned in the background. Fellow raiders also are shown still at the scene but making their escape.

Alfred Von Erickson's paintings were such important accounts of Mosby's activities during the war that the sketches were used to make woodcuts to be used in Mosby Raider Lieutenant J. G. Beckham's book Life of Mosby published in 1866. This watercolor and pencil work is in very good condition with slight foxing at the right. The colors are still very strong and the work is protected by glass and is in a period walnut frame. It is signed 'A. E. Pencil sketch Fredericksburg, Va.' at bottom right.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Watercolor of Mosby Among The Wagon Trains This watercolor and pen sketch by noted Civil War artist Alfred Von Erickson portrays Confederate Raider Colonel John Singleton Mosby's men taking a Union wagon train. Von Erickson documented the war in and around his native Fredericksburg, compiling a series of drawings, sketches and watercolors during the war. This sketch is signed 'A. E. Pencil Sketch, Fredricksbg. Va.' at lower right. In vivid color Von Erickson depicts the raiders on horseback killing Union soldiers and burning the wagons while commandeering others. This is a beautiful wartime sketch, so important that it was used to make woodcuts for Lieutenant J. G. Beckham's book on Mosby just a year after war's end. It is in its beautiful walnut frame as well.

Mosby's Men Destroying The Railroad in General Grant's Rear -A Watercolor by Noted Civil War Artist Alfred Von Erickson Alfred Von Erickson documented the exploits of famed Confederate raider Colonel John Singleton Mosby so well that his sketches and drawings were used in Mosby Raider Lieutenant J. G. Beckham's book Life of Mosby published just a year after the war was over.

This 13" x 11" watercolor and pencil work exemplifies how Mosby harassed General Ulysses S. Grant's forces causing Grant to divert precious resources from the overall war effort to combat Mosby's 'Partisan Rangers'. Erickson depicts the Mosby men destroying the railroad lines in Grant's Rear', emblematic of the type of actions that Mosby would orchestrate behind enemy lines, actions that prolonged the war. The colors are still vivid with only slight foxing of the paper at the top right.

This excellent example of Erickson's wartime work is in its period walnut frame and protected under glass. Signed 'A. E. Pencil Sketch, Fredericksburg, Va.' at the lower right, the work is in overall very good condition and is a historically important and contemporary account of Mosby's raiders.

A Watercolor of Mosby's Men In Combat by Civil War Artist Alfred Von Erickson This vivid portrayal of combat was done in watercolor by noted Civil War artist Alfred Von Erickson of Fredericksburg. He documented many battles in and around Virginia, especially the exploits of Confederate raider Colonel John Singleton Mosby. In this watercolor and pencil Von Erickson depicts the close-quarters battle between Mosby's Lieutenant Thomas Turner and Captain Worthington of the 1st Vermont Cavalry. Measuring 16" x 11", the colors of this sketch are still vibrant with the Union blue and Confederate gray standing in sharp contrast in the center of the picture. In the background Von Erickson shows Mosby's men chasing Union cavalry. Signed 'A. E. Pencil sketch, Fredricksburg, Va.' in the lower right, it is matted and framed in a nice period walnut frame.

General Custer's Cavalrymen Drawing Lots to be Executed by Mosby - A watercolor and pencil sketch of General Custer's Men Drawing Lots to be Executed - by Alfred Von Erickson As Confederate Colonel John Singleton Mosby's raiders disrupted Union supply lines more and more in 1864, General Ulysses S. Grant reportedly told General Philip Sheridan that if any of Mosby's Rangers were captured, to line them up and execute them. That order was carried out by Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer's men and on September 22nd of that year Custer's troops executed seven of Mosby's men.

As this matted and framed 13 ½" x 11" drawing done in watercolor and pencil shows, Mosby swiftly retaliated. As he had captured seven Union troops of Custer's Division he ordered them executed. The Confederates proceeded to shoot, hang and do their best to exact revenge. Depicted here are seven of Custer's men drawing lots to determine who will be executed. Mosby sits at the left astride his horse as a Confederate passes a hat from which the unfortunates will draw their lot. This sketch of that historical event is titled Captives of General Custer's Division Drawing Lots.

This drawing was done during the Civil War and is signed 'A. E.' with the notation 'Fredericks bg. V.'. The artist, Alfred Von Erickson lived in Fredericksburg, Virginia and painted scenes during the war. He moved to Canada in 1866 but this watercolor and pencil sketch and others survived. They were important enough to have been given to John S. Mosby and used as a template for woodcuts that were used to reproduce images in Mosby Ranger J. G. Beckham's book of 1866, The Life of Mosby, thus dating these to the war years.

This sketch is titled Captives of General Custer's Division Drawing Lots. It has some slight foxing but the colors are very vivid. It come is a nicely matted, walnut frame.

Provenance: John S. Mosby; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Brigadier General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by Matthew Brady & Co., New York, October 8, 1863. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10". Light aging, very fine condition.

Brigadier General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by Matthew Brady & Co., New York, February 1864. Taken shortly after his wedding to Elizabeth Bacon, Custer seems here to be controlling his penchant for personal flair. Gone are the long locks and fancy custom-tailored uniform. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10". Fine condition.

Brigadier General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by Matthew Brady & Co., New York, February, 1864. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10". Light aging, very fine condition.

Brigadier General George A. Custer and Elizabeth "Libby" Custer Carte De Visite, by Matthew Brady & Co., New York, February, 1864. Custer's attractive young bride would outlive him by almost 60 years. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10". A small blemish in the upper field, very fine condition.

General Philip Sheridan and Staff Carte De Visite with Unpublished Image of Custer by Alexander Gardner. January 2, 1865. Shown left to right are Wesley Merritt, Philip Sheridan, George Cook, James Forsyth, and George Custer. A rare and unpublished variant of Custer. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8.25" x 12.25". Very fine condition and quite rare.

Major General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by Matthew Brady & Co., New York, January 3, 1865. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10". Inscription on lower portion of the image naming the subject. Very fine condition.

Major General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by Matthew Brady & Co., New York, January 3, 1865. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10". Period inscription - not Custer's autograph - in lower margin. Some loss to upper left corner where the print has peeled back from the matt and minor scuffing on lower margin. Fine condition..

Major General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by John Goldin & Co., May 1865. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10". Very fine condition.

Major General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by Matthew Brady & Co., New York, January 3, 1865. One of the better known images of Custer. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10". Very fine condition.

Major General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by John Goldin & Co., May, 1865. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10". Very fine condition.

Major General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by John Goldin & Co., May, 1865. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10".Very fine condition.

Major General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, after the original by John Goldin & Co., May, 1865. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10".Light soiling, fine condition.

Major General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by Matthew Brady & Co., Washington, D.C., May, 1865. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10".Very fine condition.

Major General George A. Custer Carte De Visite, by Matthew Brady & Co., published by Beers & Mansfield, May, 1865. Framed with a custom brass nameplate to an overall size of 8" x 10".Very fine condition.

General George Armstrong Custer's Personal Battle Flag From Lee's Surrender at Appomattox to the Little Bighorn

View the Letters of Authentication

The personal battle flag of General Custer, the most famous US Cavalry Officer in American history, this flag was handmade of silk by his wife Elizabeth 'Libbie' Custer during the final days of the Civil War and delivered to him on the battlefield in the midst of battle at Dinwiddie Court House near Petersburg, Virginia on March 31, 1865. Custer immediately took this flag as he charged his horse over the breastworks of Confederate General George Pickett winning the battle and bringing about Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House within a few days. Custer kept this flag by his side for the rest of his life as a symbol of the valor and patriotism shared by him and his beloved 'Libbie'. Fortunately for posterity, the flag was left at Custer's headquarters at Fort Abraham Lincoln, Dakota Territory in 1876 as Custer and his men rode to their immortality at the Battle of Little Bighorn.

General Custer's silk, swallow-tailed cavalry battle flag measures 68" by 36". Centered between the red over blue bars are two hand-cut white, crossed cavalry sabers making this flag instantly recognizable as a distinctive cavalry flag. Custer carried this flag throughout the remainder of the Civil War in battle at Five Forks, Namozine Church, Sayler's Creek, Dinwiddie Court House and Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House. Custer received the first flag of surrender from Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia with this personal battle flag at his side, which brought about the end of the American Civil War.

Soon thereafter, Custer was promoted to major general and became the hero of the United States Army, victorious at Gettysburg as in all of his cavalry battles, he became the leading cavalry officer of the Civil War in 1865 - and he achieved this distinction by the age of 25. But Custer had many battles left to fight, and he accepted a reduction in rank to stay in the US Army in command of all the cavalry in Texas in 1866 with headquarters in Austin. He soon became the commander of the legendary 7th Cavalry for service first in Kansas and across the Great Plains during America's westward expansion after the Civil War. This personal battle flag was with Custer as he made his way from the war-torn battlefields of Virginia to Texas and the West and finally to his destiny at Little Bighorn, Montana where he and his entire command fought to their death against the Sioux and Cheyenne Indians of the Northern Plains.

Being one of the most important flags in American history, it remained in the Custer family and was preserved by relatives from the Custer farmhouse in Monroe, Michigan. It was purchased directly from General Custer's nephew Lieutenant Colonel Charles Custer by the noted historian and Custer biographer Dr. Lawrence Frost who first published this flag in his book entitled The Custer Album, just 75 years after it last flew above General Custer. The Custer flag has been authenticated by noted flag expert and historian Howard Michael Madaus and is accompanied by a volume of historical research and authentication documents validating this as one of the greatest American icons in existence: Custer's Flag.

Provenance:
1. Elizabeth "Libbie" Custer: Flag hand-sewn in 1865, and delivered to General. Custer at Dinwiddie Court House, Virginia on March 31, 1865
2. General George Armstrong Custer: 1865 - June 25, 1876 (his death)
3. The Custer Family: 1876 - 1956
4. Dr. Lawrence A. Frost: 1956 - 1990 (View Provenance Letters)
5. Elizabeth Lawrence: 1990 - 2003
6. Thomas Minckler: 2003 - Present.

The following is a speech given by Thomas Minckler of New York on the Custer flag: General Custer's Appomattox Campaign Cavalry Flag Throughout history, armies have carried flags. Flags provided a sense of identity and built pride and morale for the unit. Flags also provided a means of identifying unit locations and as a rallying point for soldiers in the confusion of combat. The U.S. Cavalry used swallowtail flag guidons in both the Civil War and Plains Indian Wars. In addition to regimental flags, various commanders adopted these as their own personal flags.

Custer's fourth Civil War personal flag was his pride and joy because it was hand sewn by his dear wife Libbie. It was made of a double layer of silk, red over blue bars, and adorned with white crossed sabers on both sides and bound with a coarse woven cord. Custer's Appomattox Campaign Guidon is the single most important and documented personal article from the Civil War period. Delivered on horseback by one of his staff and unfurled in the fury and fire at Dinwiddie Court House on March 31st, 1865, it was in Custer's hand as he leaped his horse over Pickett's breastworks the next day at Five Forks. A personal inspiration to Custer, this Guidon was with him until the end came at Appomattox. Custer's constant hammering of the rebel forces played a major part in the final phases of the war. This Guidon was present at the following Civil War battles: Dinwiddie Court House, Five Forks, Namozine Church, Saylor Creek, and Appomattox Station.

The final Campaign of the Army of Northern Virginia began March 25, 1865 when General Robert E. Lee sought to break General Ulysses Grant's stranglehold at Petersburg, Virginia by attacking Fort Stedman. Lee failed and Granted counterattacked at Five Forks, which led to the Confederate retreat that eventually resulted in the Confederate surrender at Appomattox on April 9th, 1865. On March 29th General Phillip Sheridan undertook a flank march to attack Lee's Petersburg defenses. A steady downpour turned roads into mud, slowing his advance. Major General Fitzhugh Lee's Cavalry and Major General George Pickett's infantry division met the Union vanguard north and northwest of Dinwiddie Court House and drove it back, temporarily stalling Sheridan's movement. When the Union infantry approached from the east, General Pickett withdrew to the vital road junction at Five Forks. General Robert E. Lee ordered Pickett to hold this vital intersection at all cost. The battle at Dinwiddie Court House on March 31 involved 65,277 troops and both sides suffered a total of 821 casualties.

Prior to this time, General Custer had sent Lieutenant Peter Boehm to Washington with letters to the War Department. In addition, he carried a personal letter to his wife, Libbie. She received the letter and, in turn, entrusted Lieutenant Boehm with this magnificent silk flag hand made by her and embroidered with her name on one of the swallowtail points. Libbie had promised Custer she would make him a new personal flag to be carried in the Appomattox campaign and had spent every moment to complete it in time.

Lieutenant Boehm wrapped this flag around his body underneath his uniform for fear he might be captured en route to the battlefront in Virginia. Boehm arrived safely after riding through Mosby's Confederacy alone and unscathed.

Late the next day, Private Huff, the Color Bearer of Custer's Cavalry, was carrying it during an engagement at Five Forks. He was mortally wounded, along with Custer's Bugler and Orderly and Libbie's name was shot off the Guidon. Custer was untouched by the fusillade and swung down from his saddle to grab this flag without dismounting, swirled this flag over his head and leapt over the breastworks of Major General George Pickett.

George Custer wrote to his wife Elizabeth 6 miles from Dinwiddie, Virginia on March, 31, 1865:

"Owing to the impassible state of the roads, we are still at the point from which I wrote yesterday. Last Night Lt. Boehm arrived, with what all pronounced 'the handsomest flag I have ever seen.' What renders it infinitely dear to me is that it is the work of my darling's hands. It could not have arrived at a more opportune moment. It was attached to the staff when battle was raging all along our lines. Cannon and musketry saluted it as its folds opened to the breeze. I regarded it as a happy omen. We have planned to procure a new staff for our beauty. Lt. Boehm had to pass through enemy country for a considerable distance without an escort. He is extremely venturesome, and was determined to join us. Fearing capture he wrapped the flag about his person under his clothes, and in this way brought it to your Boy."

On April 1st the final Union Army offensive of the civil War occurred at Five Forks. The Union forces were commanded by Sheridan and the confederate forces were led by Pickett. Five Forks was to be the Waterloo of the Confederacy. The confederate loss at Five Forks threatened Lee's last supply line, the South Side Railroad. Pickett's total casualties most likely exceeded 6,000.

In a letter dated April 2, 1865 from Washington, Libbie wrote to her parents, Mr. And Mrs. Bacon, about the same guidon:

"...Then, too, I have been making a flag for Autie to take on this last raid. It really is beautiful, like the old one, only larger - red and blue silk with white crossed sabers on both sides, and edged with heavy white cord. Lt. Boehm took it to him."At Saylor's Creek on April 6, Custer's horse was killed from under him on one foray, and in another, one of his color bearers was killed instantly. Later Custer seized his Guidon and led a successful charge at Appomattox Station on a Confederate battery.

Albert Barnitz was an officer in the 2nd Ohio Volunteer Cavalry and was present with General Custer at Appomattox. As a published poet, he wrote years later to immortalize this large charge in verse:

"Custer led! - with his flag unfurled!
His breeze-blown standard of scarlet and blue,
Far seen at the front, when the fight waxed hot,
And the shells crashed loud, and the bullets flew!
Blithely he rode and with dauntless air,
Girl-like but resolute into the fray,
With a luster of Gold on his wind-tossed hair,
And jacket resplendent with bullion gay!
Over his shoulders his scarlet scarf
Floated and flamed as he held his course;
Never a leader so buoyant as he
Fell on the foe with such measureless force!"

Lieutenant Boehm recollected the following in a letter to Mrs. Custer on September 15, 1910 from Chicago:

"My Dear Mrs. Custer,
I am highly honored to be still in your remembrance. I do indeed remember taking your flag to the General. The flag was the incentive, which gave me strength to carry out my mission, which resulted in my most highly prized honor.

The General had dispatched me with letters to the War Department, also with one to you. You entrusted me with Cavalry Guidon on one of the points of which you had embroidered your name.

The command to which I had formerly belonged was now General Grant's bodyguard, and knowing the old men pretty well, I appealed to their sergeant who procured me a horse - a splendid animal. Pass and countersign enabled me to pass the pickets - the two lines were very close to each other - having wrapped your Guidon around my body. And so I reached the General.

Being extremely tired I lay down to sleep, but shortly the General received orders to push forward to reinforce Merritt and Crook who were being driven back from Five Forks...March 31st.

The General rode ahead of the command with a few men, including myself, reaching Dinwiddie Court House about 4 in the afternoon. We found our lines in considerable confusion, being driven back. I took your Guidon from the color bearer, and with and orderly, Huff, rode with the General along the lines. We succeeded in rallying the men and re-informing the line, checking Pickett's advance. This enabled the General to place his command in position that evening.

It was during this engagement your name must have been shot off the Guidon, as we were under very heavy fire. Huff was mortally wounded while riding alongside of me, and died that evening. My arm was almost shattered at Five Forks next day and does not trouble me to speak of, except when occasional pains make me a judge of weather."

Years later, after the Guidon's illustrious career along side General George Custer during the Appomattox campaign, it was found in the attic of the Custer farmhouse on the north side of North Custer Road in Monroe, Michigan by Lt. Col. Charles Custer, a grandson of General Custer's brother Nevin. It was purchased by Dr. Lawrence Frost on May 31st, 1956. The Guidon is item #22 on page 2 of Dr. Frost's sale list of General Custer's possessions. Also, a document signed by Lawrence Frost describing the Guidon states it is unquestionably the same one referred to in Merrington's The Custer Story on page 147. On the reverse of the document Frost drew a diagram of the Guidon with measurements of 36" high and 5 1/2" long. All of the three documents accompany the Guidon. On page 57 of Frost's book, The Custer Album, is a sketch by Civil War artist and Harper's Weekly correspondent and Harper's Weekly Correspondent A.R. Waud, entitled "Receiving the Flag of Truce." It depicts Custer and his troops receiving the Flag of Truce (a white towel tied to a branch) from a Confederate officer near the Appomattox Court House. The flag of truce came just in time to prevent a charge Custer was preparing to lodge and procured an exchange of notes between Grant and Lee agreeing to meet the village of Appomattox Court House. Clearly visible in the sketch of the Confederates surrendering to General Custer by Waud is Custer's flag with its distinctively designed crossed sabers sewn by his wife Libbie.

Provenance: Elizabeth Custer; George A. Custer; Charles A. Custer Family Collection; Dr. Lawrence Frost Collection; Private Collection; Thomas Minckler Collection.

Literature:Whittaker, Frederick. A Complete Life of Gen. George A. Custer. New York, 1876, pp. 302, 306.

Barnitz, Albert. With Custer at Appomattox.Cleveland, 1903, p. 37.

Merington, Marguerite, ed. The Custer Story: the Life and Intimate Letters of General George A. Custer and his Wife Elizabeth. New York, 1959, pp. 147-148.

Graham, Col. W.A. Custer's Battle Flags. 1952.

Frost, Lawrence. The Custer Album. Seattle, 1964, p. 61.

Madaus, Howard Michael. The Personal And Designating Flags of General George A. Custer, 1863-1865. Washington, 1968, p. 13.

Frost, Lawrence. General Custer's Libbie. Seattle, 1976, pp. 126-127.

Reedstrom, Ernest Lisle. Bugles, Banners and War Bonnets, pp. 126-127.

Urwin, Gregory J.W. Custer Victorious: The Civil War Battles of General George Armstrong Custer. Edison, N.J., 1983, pp. 233-260.

Leckie, Shirley A. Elizabeth Bacon Custer and the Making of a Myth. Norman, 1993, p. 65.

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE A. CUSTER'S FOURTH PERSONAL HEADQUARTERS FLAG DURING THE CIVIL WAR by Howard Michael Madaus Major-General George Armstrong Custer's fourth personal headquarters flag dates from March of 1865, but its basic design is the same as the three other personal headquarters flags that had been made for him in 1863 and 1864. This design was wrought on a swallowtail field, that is an otherwise rectangular flag with a triangular wedge cut out of the flying edge so that the design would be readily identifiable even in the lightest movement of the wind or motion of the flag. The design that appeared on the four personal headquarters flags flown near Custer was otherwise simple: the field was divided horizontally into two bars of equal width, the upper red and the lower blue. Appliquéd in the center of this field were two white crossed sabers, unsheathed and displayed crossing with their cutting edges up. In the years before the Civil War such crossed sabers served as the distinctive insignia of the cavalry regiments serving on the western frontier. Custer's flag bearers during the War carried four successive flags of this basic design. Fortunately a combination of production idiosyncrasies conjoin with surviving documents and references to permit a reasonably accurate sequence of usage.

The first personal headquarters flag carried to mark his presence on the battlefield and in camp was made shortly after the Gettysburg campaign. The use of a coarse woolen material for its field, its crude quality, and the non-symmetry of its crossed sabers suggests that it was improvised in the field. The flag bears two battle honors, "BOONESBORO" over "FALLING- WATER", first penciled in outline and later finished in silver thread embroidery. Since the former honor commemorates an action fought on 7 July and the latter one on 14 July, it is thought that the making of this flag took place during the second week of July, 1863.while Custer and his brigade were in the field. By contrast, Custer's second personal headquarters flag evidences the professional workmanship of a commercial flag maker. Of the same basic design as the first personal flag, the second flag is made of silk, edged on its exterior sides with a gold fringe. The crossed sabers are painted to each side of the field in their natural colors-- silver blades, golden hilt, and brown grips, and are perfectly symmetrical. Also painted to the field in shadowed gilt letters in a single column between the sabers and what had been the pole sleeve is a list of eleven battle honors starting with "HANOVER" ( fought on June 30th 1863) and ending with "CULPEPPER" (fought on September 13th 1863). Since all the honors (save one) are applied in the same artistic style and in the same paint, it seems likely that they were all applied simultaneously by the same artist that applied the crossed sabers to the field of the flag, in the case of the second personal flag, sometime after the engagement at Culpeper on September 13th 1863. Supplementing the probability of a September-October date of manufacture, in a letter written by Custer on October 12th 1863 by he refers to "my new battle-flag, so soon to receive its baptism in blood." Custer concludes his account of the battle of by commenting that: "My color-bearer had his horse shot." Eight months later, Custer's color-bearer would suffer a more grievous calamity , as would the flag he carried.

At the battle of Trevilian Station (June 11th and 12th 1864) Custer's Michigan Cavalry Brigade was all but surrounded by two divisions of Confederate cavalry. Nine days later (June 21st 1864), Custer related an incident of the battle: "Sergeant Mashon was struck while gallantly carrying his flag at the head of the charge. He lived until morning. When shot he remained in his saddle till our lines began to waver., when he made his way to me, saying, 'General, they have killed me. Take the flag'. To save it I was compelled to tear it from its staff and place it in my bosom." The editor of this letter evidently misread the flag bearer's name. In his official report of the May- July 1864 campaign, Custer correctly identifies his personal flag bearer's name: "I am called upon to record the death of one of the 'bravest of the brave,' Sergt. Mitchell Beloir, of the First Michigan Cavalry, who has been my color bearer since the organization of this brigade. Sergt. Mitchell Beloir received his death-wound while nobly discharging his duty to his flag and to his country. He was killed in the advance while gallantly cheering the men forward to victory." Since the leading edge of Custer's second personal flag is tattered and torn, as would be expected if it was torn from its staff, Custer's letter of June 21st 1864 serves to indicate the date of the last usage of that flag. This same data at the same time it also suggests when his third personal flag approximately came into use.

Because its field is well made and composed of high quality scarlet and dark blue wool bunting with white appliquéd cotton sabers, Custer's third personal flag is thought to have been commercially produced. After two months of intense campaigning in May and June of 1864, the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac was granted a respite and was permitted to refit. It is likely that Custer may have ordered a new personal flag at that time. Shortly afterward two of the three cavalry divisions of the Army of the Potomac were sent to the Shenandoah Valley. The Army of the Potomac's 1st Cavalry Division (which contained Custer's Michigan Brigade) left on August 8th 1864, followed by the 3rd Cavalry Division on the 16th of August. Custer continued to lead his Michigan Brigade to the Valley in August. However, on September 26th 1864 to assume command the 2nd Cavalry Division, Department of West Virginia, whose commander (Brigadier-General W.W. Averill) had proven less than satisfactory as a division commander. However, before Custer could take command of 2nd Cavalry Division, Custer received a "gift" from the War Department. Brigadier-General James H. Wilson , a staff officer without any prior field experience, who General Grant had brought with him to the east in the Spring of 1864 (and whom Custer considered to be an "imbecile"), was relieved of the command of the 3rd Cavalry Division and ordered back to the "western theater". On the same day that Wilson was sent back "west" (September 30th 1864), Custer's orders to take command of the 2nd Cavalry Division were revoked, and he was reassigned, instead, to the command of the 3rd Cavalry Division.

A week later (October 7th 1864), Harpers Weekly sketch artist, Alfred Waud, executed a drawing of Custer's division near Mount Jackson, Virginia. Near Custer an orderly holds a flag, divided into two horizontal bars and bearing crossed sabers. This is thought to be the earliest representation of Custer's third personal flag. The same flag (as well as the 3rd Cavalry Division designating flag heretofore flown with General Wilson) appears draped on its staff in a photograph of Custer's headquarters on Christmas Day, 1864. The much worn designating flag seems to have been retired shortly after the photograph was taken, and only the third personal flag was carried in the first three months of 1865. Confirming the use of but a single headquarters flag in the weeks prior to the receipt of his fourth personal flag, on March 11th 1865, Custer informed his wife: "I wish you could see your boy's headquarters now. My flag is floating over the gate, and near it, ranged along the fences, are 16 battle-flags captured by the 3rd Division." These battle-flags had been captured by Custer's division at Waynesboro, Virginia on March 2nd 1865. Shortly afterwards the 3rd Cavalry Division (as well as the 1st) was ordered to return to the Army of the Potomac for operations against the flank of General Lee's over-extended lines. It was here, near Dinwiddie Court House, Virginia that Custer received his fourth personal headquarters flag.

Custer's fourth personal headquarters flag measured essentially three feet on its hoist (staff edge) by five and a half on its fly (to the points of the swallowtail-- but only four feet from the hoist to the cut of the swallowtail.) Like its three predecessors, thee design consists of a red horizontal bar over a medium blue horizontal bar, with white, unsheathed crossed sabers (edges up) appliquéd in the center of each side. Like the second personal flag, the fourth is made from silk, but in two thicknesses for durability in the field. Despite the flag's high quality ingredients, it was not commercially made, but rather was hand sewn by Mrs. Elizabeth Custer, who commented about the project she had recently completed in a letter to her parents, dated April 2nd 1865: "Then too, I have been making a flag for Autie to take on his last raid. It really is beautiful, like the old one, only larger-- red and blue silk with white crossed sabers on both sides, and edged with heavy white cord. Lt. Boehm took it to him." This "heavy white cord", a nearly ¼ of an inch in diameter and made of hemp or twisted wool, extends around the full flag, including the leading edge where it secures three pairs of ties for securing the flag to a staff. Importantly, its presence serves to confirm the identity of the fourth personal flag. One other identifying feature distinguished Custer's fourth personal headquarters flag, but that element is now missing from the flag.

Evidently Elizabeth Custer signed her name in embroidery stitches to identify the source of the flag she sent in March of 1865. The portion of the flag with this embroidery, probably the upper tail of the swallowtail, is now missing, it having been shot away in one of the engagements between the 31st of March and the 8th of April 1865. Newly appointed Second Lieutenant (later Brevet Captain) Peter Martin Boehm of the 15th New York Cavalry, who had brought the flag from Mrs. Custer to the general, carried Custer's new flag for most of March 31st 1865. With it he (Lt. Boehm) rallied the retreating Union forces, and he remembered the original presence of Mrs. Custer's name on the flag. In his letter to Elizabeth Custer under the date of September 15th 1910, Lieutenant Boehm recollected:

"The General had dispatched me with letters to the War Department, also with one to you. You entrusted me with the Cavalry guidon on one of the points of which you had embroidered your name."

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF GENERAL CUSTER'S FLAG IN TEXAS AND THE WEST 1865-1876 by Howard Michael Madaus

It is well known that the " Personal Flag" of Major General George Armstrong Custer made for him by his wife Libbie was hand-delivered to him during the last days Civil War, in the midst of battle where it was immediately put into use during the battle at Dinwiddie Court House, Virginia in March of 1865. These events set into play Lee's surrender to Grant less than two weeks latter. But due to the battle wear on this cavalry guidon it is obvious that Custer used this flag well beyond the Civil War.

The history of Custer's flag in the post-civil war period. Custer's fourth personal flag and the only flag ever made for him by his wife "Libbie" is detailed here. The flag is mentioned twice and that peripherally during the period Custer served in Texas and the "American West."

While the evidence is suggestive, it is known that there was a gradual diminishing role for high-ranking officers "personal flags" in the post- war U. S. Army. However, it is also known that General Philip Sheridan carried one of his "Personal Flags" in Texas, which is now preserved in the Smithsonian Institution, as did General Wesley Merritt who also carried his "Personal Flag" in Texas while serving with Custer as the other cavalry division commander. Merritt's flag now occupies a prominent place in the West Point Museum at the United States Military Academy.

Personal Headquarters flags were devised to permit staff officers and couriers to locate an officer in the field. Generically, these flags fall into two types. "Designating flags" identified the location of a specific level within a command structure, regardless of the officer in command. "Personal flags", on the other hand, indicated the presence of a high-ranking officer, notably a "general" whether on the battlefield or at his headquarters.

On 22 May 1865, just one day before the two day long celebratory parade in Washington DC, honoring the victorious Union hero's of the Civil War, Lieutenant General U. S. Grant commanded the Adjutant General's office in Washington to issue orders that detached the two most aggressive cavalry commanders in the Union Army to the West - Major General George Armstrong Custer and General Wesley Merritt, with their staff officers, to report to Major General Philip Sheridan in New Orleans for duty in Texas to command Sheridan's cavalry in his newly created "Military Division of the Southwest". Ostensibly the cavalry divisions of these two officers' commands were to engage the last Confederate forces under General Edmund Kirby Smith's still operating in Texas, which would not formally surrender until 26 June 1865. But there was also a hidden agenda for this "Army of Observation" that Custer served in; they were to carefully monitor the Confederate forces that refused to surrender and had crossed the Rio Grande, aiding Maximilian in his conquest of Mexico. To insure that these rebels would not reorganize and begin the rebellion all over again General Grant ordered two columns of about 5,000 cavalrymen to patrol the Texas border with Mexico and maintain Law & Order during the Federal occupation of Texas.

While Custer would proudly led his cavalry men in the "Grand Review-Victory Parade" in the nations capitol on 23 May 1865, he and his entourage with his wife "Libbie" and "Eliza" (the Custers' domestic cook) in tow began their trek to Texas and eventually the West. The trip involved a rail ride from Washington DC after the Victory parade to the Ohio River, followed by a steamboat journey down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to Sheridan's headquarters in New Orleans. On 18 June 1865, Custer was provided with more detailed instructions through Special Orders No. 13 from the headquarters of the Military Division of the Southwest.

"Major General George A. Custer, U. S. Volunteers, will assume command of the following number regiments, and the commanding officers of the said regiments will report their respective commands to him on their arrival at Alexandria, La. ; Seventh Indiana Cavalry; First Iowa Cavalry; Fifth Illinois Cavalry; Twelfth Illinois Cavalry; Second Wisconsin Cavalry."
E. P. Parsons
Assistant-Adjutant General

Sheridan had supposedly selected these five regiments from among the three brigades, which formed the Cavalry Division, Department of West Tennessee, stationed at Memphis after a review to demonstrate the division's proficiency.

A cavalry division of only five regiments was quite a contrast to the divisional structure of the 3rd Cavalry Division, Army of the Potomac which Custer had commanded only a month earlier. When Custer's 3rd Division returned from the Shenandoah in January of 1865, his command consisted of sixteen regiments organized in three brigades. Despite the diminished numbers, Custer further divided his command into two brigades, even before his limited force had gathered at Alexandria. Emmet C. West of the 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry (and no admirer of Custer) wrote in the post-war period:

"...after so long service, the five regiments were so reduced in members that probably there were engaged in the force for two small regiments, but Custer, being a Major-General, must command a division, therefore he divided the small brigade and made two of it. The first, composed of the 5th and 12th Illinois and 7th Indiana , was commanded by Col. (sic) [Brigadier-General] James W. Forsyth. The second, composed of the 1st (sic) [2nd] Wisconsin and 1st Iowa was commanded by Colonel Thompson."

Custer's ego was not the only consideration in the dividing of the five regiments into two brigades. James William Forsyth's military career paralleled Custer's in many respects, including service as a staff officer before graduating to Brigadier, received his commission as Brigadier-General of Volunteers on 19 May 1865, only a few days before Custer was ordered to Sheridan's command in Louisiana. This suggests that his assignment to command a brigade of Custer's new division was anything but accidental.

The official creation of the 2nd Brigade, 2nd (Custer's) Cavalry Division was not made until 5 August 1865, with General Orders No. 14:

"Hereafter this command will be known as the Second Division Cavalry, Military Division of the Gulf and will be composed as follows:

I The First Brigade is organized by Special Order No. 14; from this headquarters.
II The Second Brigade comprising the following regiments; First Iowa Cavalry, Lieutenant-Colonel A. G. McQueen commanding; Second Wisconsin Cavalry' Lieutenant Colonel N. H. Dale commanding
III Colonel Wm. Thompson, first Iowa Cavalry will assume command of the Second Brigade

By Command of Major General Custer

J L Green, A.A.G.

Under this organizational structure, Custer's 2nd Cavalry Division finally departed Alexandria, Louisiana on 8 August 1865 for Hempstead, Texas. The close column march from Alexandria to Hempstead lasted until 26 August 1865, under abominable 120-degree heat. Their stay at Hempstead was a little over two months in length. Edmund Kirby Smith having surrendered in late June, the Union forces in Texas devolved into "occupation duty" maintaining Law & Order. Reflecting their new role, on 29 October 1865, Custer's Division departed Hempstead for the state capitol in Austin, arriving there on 4 November 1865

Before the Custer division's departure to the Texas state capitol on 27 October 1865, the 5th Illinois Cavalry was mustered out of federal service, reducing the division to four regiments. On 15 November 1865 the 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry was also mustered out and sent home. Over the next six months, the balance of the division fulfilled their terms of enlistment and were phased north - the 7th Indiana on 18 February 1866; the 1st Iowa on 16 March 1866, and finally the 12th Illinois on 29 May 1866. In the interim, the War Department took measures to reduce the expenses of the army in the upkeep of the surfeit of high-ranking officers by decommissioning them from volunteer service. Forsyth was the first general officer to lose his commission, being honorably discharged on 15 January 1866. Custer would feel the next "blow". On 1 February 1866, Custer was honorably discharged from the U. S. volunteer service.

George Armstrong Custer and "Libbie" would remain in Austin only a few days longer to close their financial affairs. Custer would revert to his Regular Army commission as captain, as the Grand Army of the Republic dissolved into history.

It was during this nine-month period from May of 1865 to February of 1866, while Custer commanded a two-brigade division, that Custer continued the field use of this "Personal Flag " just as Gen. Sheridan and Gen. Merritt who brought their flags to Texas. General Sheridan never devised a system of designating flags for the forces he commanded in Texas, although some of the eastern commands transferred to Texas during its occupation, continued to fly their old designating flags. Sheridan preferred to fly his own personal headquarters flag - a swallowtail flag divided horizontally, red over white into two equal width bars, and having a five-pointed star of contrasting color on each bar, which is now in the Smithsonian.

Custer would have carried this flag with him while he put down the lawlessness; even the slave trading that was still taking place in south Texas. On many occasions he prevented the destruction of private property, endearing him to many Texans. This flag made for him by his wife Libby, would have also been used at the home he and his wife shared at Austin, the building the included the Asylum for the Blind, a structure that still stands today. Libbie was the only US Army officer's wife to travel and live with her husband throughout the west. She was always by his side making their home, at his Headquarters from 1865 to his death in 1876, from Texas to the northern plains of the West. Custer was one of the few military officers in the West that actually had a home to come back to at the various western forts where his was stationed.

On 28 July 1866, Congress authorized the creation of four new regiments of cavalry - the 7th and the 8th Cavalry for white troops and the 9th and 10th Cavalry for African American troops who became famous, known as the, "Buffalo Soldiers". When formed, George Armstrong Custer was appointed the 7th Cavalry's Lieutenant Colonel, with immediate field command of the regiment. These four new regular cavalry regiments supplanted the volunteer forces that had served on the plains in 1865 and 1866. Operating on smaller scale when the great volunteer forces gathered during the Civil War, brigades and divisions seldom were called into service, the battalion or the regiment being the prime operational combat unit. As such, the regimental standard became the latter day "headquarters' flag".

The regimental standard of mounted forces from 1833 through 1877 consisted of a fringed dark blue silk field, 27 inches on the pike by 29 inches on the fly, bearing a painted rendition of the "Arms of the United States" surmounting a three-piece scroll bearing the regimental designation, also painted. Six photographs are known to survive from the Custer era that depict the regimental standards of the 7th Cavalry. Of note is one photograph credited to November 1868, depicting Custer's Osage scouts and the 7th's regimental standard, wherein both the eagle's wing from the cavalry's arms and a section of the scroll are visible. Significantly, a penciled notation on the right margin of the photograph identifies this standard as "hdqrs. flag", giving credence to the concept that the "personal" headquarters flags used during the Civil War were retired by that date, being replaced by new flags issued in the field.

An important newspaper account gives us evidence of Custer's "Personal Flag " being displayed in his study at Fort Abraham Lincoln, Dakota Territory in 1876. It comes from the Detroit Free Press in a July 31, 1879 article relating to the unveiling of the Custer monument at West Point. After reviewing the upcoming ceremonies, the article shifts to Monroe, Michigan and to Custer's former home where his parents and sister still lived. His study had been reproduced exactly the same as when he was living at Fort Lincoln before his Last Stand. Open to visitors by the then, three years after his death at The Little Bighorn, the newspaper notes that:

"Here the visitor may find reproduced with the most minute fidelity of detail the General's study or private office exactly as it appeared at his headquarters at Fort Abraham Lincoln when he left it for the last time to engage in the fatal expedition."

The newspaper spares no detail in describing the office - the books, pictures, revolvers with pearl handles - and more:

"His headquarters flags, with captured colors hang upon the walls..."

We are fortunate that this personal flag of General Custer, his most prized military possession, made for him by his beloved wife Libbie, is still existent, and privately held. The most important Custer Icon that exists, it was carried by Custer from Lee's Surrender to Texas and the West.

View the Letters of Authentication

Three Rimfire .32 Caliber Cartridges Belonging To General George Armstrong Custer, from a pair of pearl-handled revolvers, intact with original brass shell casings. The bullets' lead has oxidized to an even patina while the casings enjoy a deep, old toning. The cartridges come in a small white envelope imprinted by the office of the late Dr. Lawrence Frost, noted Custer historian and collector from Monroe, Michigan. The front of the envelope carries a signed note in Frost's hand, reading: "12-11-53 From Gen. Custer's Pearl Handled revolvers small bullets are for pair / larger bullets were mixed with them / Smith & Wesson .38 R.F."

Cavalry Button From General George Armstrong Custer's Uniform As Saved By His Family 23 mm, heavily gilt two-piece brass construction, the face is dominated by a Federal eagle with spread wings holding an olive branch and arrows in its talons, a shield emblazoned with a large "C" (for "Cavalry") is centered on the eagle's chest, the button's underside carries the R & W Robinson Extra Rich depressed backmark (Tice 28). The shank has been removed with a hinged attachment pin affixed in its place so that the button can function as a brooch. The holes resulting from the shank's removal have been filled with solder that matches the brass of the button back. In pristine condition.

A 5" x 3" typed note gives the button's provenance as follows: "Cavalry Buttons From The Uniform of General George Armstrong Custer. 3- 23 - 57. From Miriam Custer." Miss Miriam Custer was sired by Nevin Custer, one of General Custer's brothers. As such, the famous cavalryman was her great-uncle. A seemingly unrelated signature, ". Frost", is inscribed over the date on the note. This would have been penned by Dr. Lawrence Frost, noted Michigan expert on Custer and a collector of related material. No doubt the button temporarily resided in his esteemed collection with Custer's wife Libbie wearing his buttons often.

An 1860 Colt Army Revolver Presented to General George Armstrong Custer The major revolver used by US troops during the Civil War, this .44 caliber revolver bears an inscription presenting it to General George Armstrong Custer from a 'B. Hankin'. Bearing the serial number 140014 and featuring an 8" round barrel, 6 shot cylinder, back strap, loading lever and plunger and butt strap, all iron, this 1860 Colt has been published extensively indicating its presentation to Custer. The trigger guard, front strap and blade front sight are brass. The serial number 140014 appears on the barrel lug, on the frame in front of the trigger guard, trigger guard flat, and butt strap. "6535" is stamped on the bottom of the wedge. The grip is walnut.
The top of the barrel is stamped "Address Col. Sam L Colt, New York, U.S. America" with the cylinder circumference stamped "Colt Patent No. 0014" over "Pat. Sept. 10,1850". "Colt's Patent" is stamped on the left side of the frame in two lines.
The back strap is engraved "Gen. Geo. A. Custer from B. Hankin", faintly, but legible. Descending from a family collection, this weapon has been known to exist in Kansas for many decades, but, as yet, the identity of Mr. Hankin is unknown. Custer spent much time in Kansas and it is possible that this Colt was given to him by an English sportsman who had hunted buffalo with him and was an admirer of his Civil War deeds.

This 1860 Colt is in good mechanical condition with a dark, rich patina on all iron parts except the last 3" of the barrel near the muzzle end which is darker. There are some minor dings and light pitting throughout. The grip has a few dings along the edge of the butt and minor scratches on the right side. The brass parts have a mellow patina which match the overall wear of the gun.
There is extensive provenance with this 1860 Colt. A two-page " Statement", undated, by John S. duMont states that he purchased this revolver in 1952. Mr. duMont believed that 'B. Hankin' was probably an English sportsman who hunted with Custer and purchased a pair of Colt Army Model revolvers, had them engraved, and then presented them to Custer. The pair were split up at some unknown point. The accompanying file contains evidence of another Army Model with the same presentation on the back strap. A 1952 letter from Chas W. Fritz to John duMont states that he (Fritz) had owned the pair and "had an affidavit from a son of B. Hankin certifying that his father had given Custer these guns". He goes on to say that "these guns became separated and I sold the remaining one and the affidavit some years ago"
Published: Samuel Colt Presents, pg. 190
Life Magazine, March 2, 1962
Frontier Guns pg 34
Amon Carter Museum of Western Art, Ft Worth, TX, 1964
Gun Report, December 1963
Firearms in the Custer Battle by Parsons and duMont (pictured but serial number not mentioned)

Gen'l Custer Leading the Wolverines at Gettysburg- A Painting by Franklin Dullin Briscoe, 1889. July 3, 1863 - Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the turning point of the Civil War. Newly minted Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer is leading his Michigan Wolverine Brigade of cavalry against Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart at the same time General George Pickett is making his fateful charge at Cemetery Ridge. Custer's dashing figure in battle is showcased in this oil on canvas masterwork of artist Franklin Dullin Briscoe. Dated 1889 and signed 'F. D. Briscoe', this 36" x 22" masterpiece depicts the exact moment at which General Custer orders his momentous charge that drove JEB Stuart's cavalry, led by Genera Wadel Hampton, into the forests at Gettysburg. Hampton himself would suffer saber blows to the head as he tried to regroup his men and repulse Custer's assault.

With Custer as the centerpiece of the picture, at the forefront with his long golden hair flowing and saber drawn, the battlefield smoke and confusion are broken only by the bright colors of the Union and Confederate flags that break through the maelstrom of battle. War horses are depicted dying as are the men of both sides - but Custer is clearly the focus here. A Brigadier for only two weeks prior to Gettysburg, George Armstrong Custer was eager to prove he was worthy of command. Racing in front of his troops to lead the charge, one contemporary account notes of Custer's cavalry charge, "the two columns (one led by Custer and one by Hampton) had come together with a crash..." Custer's fame would only grow throughout the war and thereafter.

Franklin Dullin Briscoe (1844-1903) was known for his battlefield scenes of Gettysburg including a historical mural over 230 feet long in ten panels that toured the United States after the war. Handwritten on the verso of this canvas are the words 'Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863 - Gen'l Custer leading the Wolverines - F. D. Briscoe 1889'. Briscoe's paintings are rare with most examples being held in museum collections. This oil on canvas depicting General Custer at Gettysburg has only recently come onto the market from a private collection in Philadelphia and has never been offered before. Its original stretcher is labeled 'McClees Galleries, 1897 Walnut, Philadelphia, Est. 1845'. This is a singular opportunity to own a magnificent work of a major Civil War artist depicting General Custer leading his cavalry charge at the Battle of Gettysburg, less than a mile from our auction today!

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

General George Armstrong Custer's Manuscript "Fair Reading" Copy of His Farewell Order to His Troops in the Civil War, 3.5 pages, 5" x 8", front and verso. Original spelling. Headed: "Coppy of Order/Head Qrs 3d Cavalry Division/Appomattox Court House April 9-1865/Soldiers of the 3d Cavalry Division." In part, "With profound grattitud towards the god of battles by whose blessings our enemies have been humbled and our armis rendered triumphant Your commanding Genral avails himself of this his first opportunity to express to you his admiration of the heroic manner in which you have passed through the Series of battles which to day resulted in the surrender of the enemys entire army - the record established by your indomitabl courage is unparralelled in the annals of war. your prowess has won for you the respect and admiration of your enemies during the past six months althoug in most instances cnfronted by superior numbers you have Captured from the enemy in open battle (111) one hundred and Eleven pieces of field artillery (65) Sixty five Battle flags and upward of (10,000) Ten thousand prisoners of war including (7) Seven Genral officers - within the past ten days and included within the above you have captured (46) forty Six pieces of field artillery and (37) Thirty seven battle flags - you have never lost a gun nor lost a color - and never have been defeated...let us hope that our work is done and that blessed with the comforts of peace we may soon be permitted to enjoy the pleasures of home and friends - for our comrades who has fallen let us cherish a greatfull remembrance - to the wounded and to those who languish in Suthron prisons let our heart felt sympathies be tendered. And now speaking for myself alone - when the war is ended and the task of the historian begins when those deeds of daring which has rendered the name and fame of the Third cavalry Division imperishable and incribed upon the bright pages of our countrys history. I only ask that my name may be written as that of the commander of the 3d Cavalry Division." An ironic last line from the General whose name is remembered in his country's history as being associated with the 7th, not the 3rd Cavalry, and with the Battle of the Little Bighorn, not the Civil War. Strengthened with tape between pages two and three. In fine condition.

A Striking Pastel Portrait of Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer Major General George Armstrong Custer has been the subject of many historical debates, and fortunately for us, many artistic renderings of his strong personae and presence. This vivid pastel measures 11" x 14" and is done in the oval, matted and spectacularly framed in a heavily gilded wooden frame.

Covered by glass, the portrait portrays Custer in one his most famous poses, the one dated May 1865 that was captured in a photograph by John Goldin and Company. But the unnamed artist here captures what Goldin could not - the vivid colors of Custer's golden hair, his major general's shoulder straps and gold buttons. Even at the close of the war, Custer still wears his cavalier's hat with one side turned up, but with a more peaceful expression, perhaps, because the war has ended.

This is a beautiful rendering of Custer in the pastel medium which lends itself to maximizing expression, color and contrast as in this striking portrait of the famous cavalryman who went on to Indian fighting on the Plains. Wardate portraits of Custer are very rare.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhitibted: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

One of the Last Portraits Ever Taken of George Armstrong Custer, professionally matted and framed to 11.25" x 17.5" overall. This cabinet card is imprinted on the lower front margin by New York photographer Jose M. Mora and dates to March, 1876. Custer is shown in the full dress uniform of a U. S. Cavalry Lieutenant Colonel. In excellent condition.

Brvt. Major General George Armstrong Custer Autograph Note Signed "G. A. Custer". One page, 3" x 5", Headquarters Nov. 26, [1868]. Custer requests an application be granted the day prior to his attack on Black Kettle's Village. in full: "Headquarters, 3rd Div. Cav. M.M.D. Nov.26, This case being an urgent one, I earnestly recommend that this application be granted. G.A. Custer Bvt. Maj, General Com. 3 Div. & A C of Cav". Custer 's 7th was constantly short of officers, and repeated request's that positions be filled were denied. The present note could be presumed that this was a recommendation that the application for an officer be approved. On the 27th of November, the 7th Cavalry attacked and destroyed Black Kettle's village on the Washita River. Major Joel Elliott, who disobeyed orders to pursue Indians away from the village, was detached from the main body of troops. As approaching Indians from other villages threaten the command, Elliott and his men were cut off. Captain Benteen cautioned Custer that they would be slaughtered, however his concern was disregarded. Two weeks later, General Sheridan and Custer revisited the site and found the bodies of Elliott and his company.

Major General Philip Sheridan's Ornate Saddle Cloth Major General Philip Sheridan was one of General Ulysses S. Grant's favorite commanders. A West Point graduate, Class of 1853, Sheridan was promoted to captain after the attack on Fort Sumter. He later fought at the Battle of Pea Ridge and at Corinth where he met Brigadier General William T. Sherman who was influential in seeing that Sheridan was given his own regiment, the 2nd Michigan Cavalry. Sheridan would become fast friends with General Grant and go on to become one of the most famous cavalrymen of the Union Army.

This ornate saddlecloth was owned and used by General Sheridan in the Civil War. Measuring 46" across and 39" from front to back, the blanket graced the back of General Sheridan's famous mount Rienzi, a horse he later named Winchester after he made is famous ride in October 1864 to rally his troops and defeat Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal Early. It was for that action that President Abraham Lincoln promoted Sheridan to major general, the two-star designation which appears on this elaborate saddle blanket. After Sheridan's famous horse on which this blanket was used died, he was stuffed and is now in the Smithsonian Institution.

The dark blue felt of the blanket is trimmed by two 1 ¼" gold bands. The entire blanket is trimmed in a gold-colored leather trim as well. At the rear bottom corners of the blanket are two heavy gold bullion federal eagles with two five-pointed bullion stars above signifying Sheridan's rank of major general. The entire cloth and bullion along with the trim is laid down on heavy black saddle leather on the underside of the blanket. There are two leather slits in the blanket for the cinch strap to be threaded through, each heavily lined inside and out with black leather. There is some cloth loss on each side from saddle wear and natural cracking at the top of the blanket, however the blanket is in overall good condition.

Major General Sheridan would go on to completely defeat Confederate General Early's army in the Appomattox Campaign and was instrumental in forcing General Robert E. Lee's surrender. He was not promoted to lieutenant general until 1869, thus making this saddle blanket used by him through the remainder of the Civil War and the West, in Texas, and on the Great Plains in Indian fighting with Custer serving along side him.

This is a beautiful and remarkable saddle blanket owned by one of the most famous and effective generals of the Civil War.

Provenance: Francis Lord, General Philip Sheridan's granddaughter; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum*****

The Famous Painting of Major General Philip Sheridan by Thomas Buchanan Read (1822-1872) Sheridan's Ride From Winchester Thomas Buchanan Read was a celebrated artist even before the Civil War, when he worked as a Major on the staff of General Lew Wallace, giving talks and creating propaganda art for the war effort. Also a poet and a sculptor, he was known as early as 1840 for his portraiture art having completed a very celebrated commission for a portrait of William Henry Harrison. But he favored historical pictures with a poetic flair. In this painting of a hard-charging Major General Philip Sheridan on horseback riding his saddle blanket in the midst of the Battle of Winchester, Read created his most magnificent work. Born in Chester County, Pennsylvania in 1822, Thomas Buchanan Read exhibited his art at the Pennsylvania Academy and the National Academy of Design. After his service with General Wallace he briefly set up a studio in New Orleans with the express purpose of completing a portrait of General Sheridan. He would later return to Europe and Rome, Italy to complete this exquisite picture of Sheridan in battle. This 54" x 38" striking oil on canvas depicts Sheridan at the highest point of his Civil War career at the Battle of Winchester. Sheridan is charging into battle astride his famous horse Rienzi, his courageous mount that he renamed 'Winchester' after this battle. Considered a hero of the war himself, Winchester was preserved after his death at the Smithsonian Institution. Sheridan has his saber in hand, rallying his troops who have started to retreat until they see their valiant General rushing to the battlefield from twenty miles away upon hearing of their dismay. While his horse is straining at the bit, Sheridan is shown with his hat turned up at front by the rushing wind, racing through scattered cannon balls, shattered canteens and broken rifles giving evidence of the battle that is raging about him. Signed and dated 'T. Buchanan Read, Rome, 1870', the colors of this painting and the dynamism of Read's characterization of Sheridan's ride give evidence of Read's poetic work. Indeed, Read composed a famous poem to coincide with the picture. Titled Sheridan's Ride, Read describes the General's gallop to the battlefield in eloquent prose that he translates into art in this picture. Sheridan's horse "with his wild eye full of fire" and of Sheridan, "Hurrah! Hurrah for Sheridan! Hurrah! hurrah for horse and man!" This striking painting is superbly framed in a 4 ½" carved ornate wood and gilt frame decorated with stars at the upper corners, laurel at the sides with a rosette and an elaborate stand of arms and flags at each of the lower corners. There is a medallion at the center bottom and a plaque denoting the painting and the artist. There are small flecks at the top right of the frame, but the painting is in excellent condition, bright and vivid in color, a true masterpiece capturing the essence of this Civil War hero.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Major General Philip Sheridan's Gold Medal Presented by General Ulysses S. Grant A favorite of General Ulysses S. Grant, Philip Sheridan was promoted swiftly through the ranks during the Civil War. An 1853 graduate of West Point, he had distinguished himself on the frontier and in the Pacific Northwest. He was promoted to captain just after Fort Sumter.

Making influential friends quickly at the start of the war, Sheridan was appointed as colonel of the 2nd Michigan Cavalry. Within six months he would be a major general.

Union commander General Ulysses S. Grant was so impressed with his actions that he brought Sheridan to the east and made him commander of his cavalry of the Army of the Potomac.

Later, General Grant presented this ornate gold cavalry medal to Philip Sheridan as a token of his esteem and admiration for his great cavalry leadership. The medal measures 2" x 2" at its widest and highest points and is hinged at the top. A cavalry saber hilt protrudes from the top of the medal above a bar below which is a pair of crossed cavalry sabers. Immediately below the sabers is a wreath encircling a calligraphied 'S' attached to a blue lapis medallion.

Below the medal there is a flagstaff that slides through four rings for the attachment of a ribbon which survives, but is not attached to the medal. The red and white ribbon is in the form of Sheridan's major general's cavalry guidon with the white and now-purplish stars situated on the red and white bars of the swallow-tailed ribbon.

This is truly a remarkable medal awarded to the Union cavalry legend Major General Philip Sheridan by General Ulysses S. Grant. It is featured prominently on Sheridan's uniform in the famous post-war photographs captured by photographer C. D. Mosher's images of Sheridan in dress uniform as he continued to serve in the United States Army, ultimately rising to the rank of four-star general. A copy of the photograph accompanies this medal. While the gold is in excellent condition, the ribbon is somewhat soiled and is detached from the medal.

Provenance: Norm Flayderman, The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum 16

Philip Sheridan Signed Cabinet Card Presented to U.S.Grant "P. H. Sheridan Lieut General" below image in margin, H. Rocher, Chicago, Illinois backmark. An aging Sheridan appears here in a full dress uniform decked out with service medals, including the gold medal presented to him by General Grant, and having three stars on its epaulettes. This image dates from between the late 1870s and Sheridan's 1883 appointment to full General. Slight wear to edges with hairline water stains along the lower margin and through the left field. Overall fine condition. Philip Sheridan (1831 - 1888) is best remembered as Grant's cavalry chief during the latter part of the Civil War. His scorched earth policy in the Shenandoah Valley set the tone for modern warfare.

Provenance: U.S. Grant II; Christie's; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

The Sword of General Philip Sheridan Presented to Thomas Donaldson, of The Smithsonian Institution General Philip Henry Sheridan was one of the most famous commanders of the Civil War. This presentation sword was presented to Thomas Donaldson in 1887, a good friend of Sheridan's who was an collector of American historical artifacts.
An 1853 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, Sheridan served in the 1st United States Infantry Regiment and took part in Indian fighting receiving a minor wound near Portland, Oregon. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was already a seasoned warrior who quickly rose through the ranks to lead the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac under his friend General Ulysses S. Grant. Sheridan was instrumental in blocking General Robert E. Lee's escape and forcing his surrender at Appomattox Court House.
This imported sword owned by General Sheridan early in his career was manufactured by David Wilhelm Walscheid of Germany, a popular maker of this ornate version of the 1850 regulation foot officer's sword which were widely imported during the early days of the Civil War (Echoes of Glory, Time-Life, pg. 74). Sheridan would be active in the United States Army after the Civil War including fighting in the Indian Wars where he was promoted to Lieutenant General. President Grant sent Sheridan to observe the Franco-Prussian War where Sheridan toured Europe, returning to report to Grant. In 1886 Sheridan was named as president of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, a military order that dated back to the Civil War composed of almost every military officer of note. Modeled on the Society of the Cincinnati, membership was later opened up to descendants of such officers.
It was on that ceremonial occasion that we learn that Sheridan was a close friend of Thomas Corwin Donaldson, a former Civil War officer and personal friend of President Rutherford B. Hayes. Donaldson writes extensively in his memoirs of the induction of Sheridan as Commander of the Loyal Legion at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. As Donaldson witnessed the event, former President Hayes was present and handed the ivory gavel of Commander to Sheridan. Afterwards, the group walked to the local chapter of the Loyal Legion where they viewed a copy of the famous painting Sheridan's Ride to Winchester whereupon Hayes remarked, "Get me a copy of this lithograph; I am one of the few men that saw this ride."
It was shortly after this event that Sheridan presented this sword to Thomas Donaldson. Engraved at the ornate spread-eagle guard, Philip H. Sheridan, Lieut. Genl. to Thomas Donaldson. Feb. 24th 1887 In his memoirs, Donaldson later writes of how Sheridan gave him a full recollection of the ride at Winchester on a later occasion, most certainly the date of this presentation.
Thomas Donaldson was a major collector for the Smithsonian Institution but also amassed an enormous personal collection of historical objects ranging from President Abraham Lincoln's furniture, an original copy of the 13th Amendment signed by President Lincoln, General Grant's 'unconditional surrender' letter and this sword given to him personally by Lieutenant General Philip Sheridan. It is listed in the Memoirs of Thomas Donaldson as edited by Watt P. Marchman which is housed at the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center in Fremont, Ohio.
The 1850 Regulation foot officer's sword is an ornate version made and imported by Walscheid for the U. S market at the beginning of the Civil War with a 33" Solingen blade. Along the 19 1/2" fuller there appears foliate engraving with the federal eagle clutching a ribbon bearing the inscription 'E. Pluribus Unum'. At the ricasso is the brass round insert with the word 'proved'. On the reverse is the maker's mark at the ricasso with foliate engraving extending up the fuller interspersed by the engraved 'U. S.' The brass guard has openwork in the form a spread-winged eagle over a 'US' and is surmounted by the inscription 'E. Pluribus'. A ribbon at the top of the guard bears the engraved dedication from Sheridan to Donaldson. The rayskin grip is bound by twisted brass wire and overall the sword is in very good condition with a nice dark patina throughout.
This is an early Civil War sword owned and used by General Philip Henry Sheridan, one the greatest military men America has had to offer, perhaps during his famous ride. It was received by a prominent soldier, historian and collector who helped amass the extensive collection at the Smithsonian Institution..

Provenance: Philip Sherman to Thomas Donaldson; The Tharpe Collection Of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum*****

Major General Philip Sheridan's Cavalry Gauntlets, Given to Captain Augustus C. Paul Union Major General Philip Sheridan was one of the most famous cavalry generals in the United States Army during the Civil War. These gauntlets were used by him during the Civil War and given to an acquaintance, Captain Augustus C. Paul.

After graduating from West Point in 1853, Sheridan served in Texas and in the Pacific Northwest where he engaged in Indian fighting. It was in Oregon that he was slightly wounded and began to hone his negotiating skills with Indians that he would use after the Civil War.

A career army officer by the time of Fort Sumter, Sheridan was promoted to captain at the outbreak of the war. After a stint of duty in Missouri, Sheridan made it into battle at Pea Ridge, Arkansas. In May of 1862 he received an appointment as colonel of the 2nd Michigan Cavalry and was promoted to Brigadier General only months later. He would lead his cavaliers at Perryville, Stones River and Chickamauga. But it was during the Overland Campaign in May of 1864 that General Sheridan would have encountered the young Captain Augustus C. Paul, then serving as Assistant Adjutant General of US Volunteers to General A. A. Humphreys of the Union's 2nd Corps.

The son and grandson of career army officers, Augustus Chouteau Paul was appointed as Assistant Adjutant General to General Humphreys after his service at the Battle of Stones River and after being captured at the Battle of Spottsylvania. A handwritten, signed letter dated October 25, 1892 from Augustus C. Paul which accompanies these gauntlets states that Paul was given them by General Sheridan during Paul's service with 2nd Corps under General Humphreys. Further, in the letter Paul mentions that he took the stars off the gauntlets when he served as an officer of the 3rd US Cavalry. Paul's reference in the letter is to his post-Civil War service in the New Mexico and Arizona Territories when he reenlisted in the US Army as a 2nd lieutenant with 3rd US Cavalry after the war.

The gauntlets, made by Schuyler, Hartley & Graham, are of fine buff leather and measure approximately 16" from the tip on the middle finger to the longest point of the gauntlet that would reach to the upper forearm. There is elaborate gold-threaded embroidery in a foliate pattern at the upper corner of the gauntlet with the 'US' initials being especially heavily threaded. The remaining impressions are still visible where the single stars on each gauntlet have been removed as mentioned by Captain Paul in his accompanying letter written by him in 1892 while he served as Postmaster of the National Soldiers' Home in Virginia. The gauntlets are in otherwise very good condition.

Augustus C. Paul's service later in Wyoming and Western Nebraska from 1872 to 1876 culminated in his brush with history. The 3rd US Cavalry was part of the Big Horn and Yellowstone Expedition commanded by Brigadier General George Crook. Leaving for the Bighorn Mountains with General Crook, Paul was to meet with two other columns, including the one led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer. Due to not only the massacre at Little Big Horn, but also because of their own near-disastrous fight with a large contingent of Sioux and Cheyenne at the Rosebud River, neither Paul nor Crook were ever able to join their forces with Custer.

These cavalry gauntlets, presented to fellow US Army officer Augustus C. Paul by General Philip Sheridan, were obviously treasured (and used) by Captain Paul as he made his way through the Civil War and into the Indian Wars and are a remarkable showpiece.

Provenance: Gen. Philip Sheridan, Augustus Paul, The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Compass Inscribed From General Philip Sheridan to H. C. Koch This compass was a gift from Union General Philip Sheridan to his topographical engineer H. C. Koch. Koch, an architect from Milwaukee noted the presentation by having it engraved on the reverse as follows:

This compass

Was given me

By

Gen. P. H. Sheridan on Jan. 3rd 1863

After the Battle

Of Stone River.

H. C. Koch

Henry C. Koch was born in Germany and came to the United States to work as an architect. He enlisted with the 24th Wisconsin Volunteers and served as General Sheridan's topographical engineer making sketches and maps throughout the war. He lived at Milwaukee after the war, designed over 700 buildings including Milwaukee City Hall.

This compass given to him by General Sheridan is made of brass and is missing the case cover. The glass is also broken giving evidence that this compass was used extensively during the war.

Provenance: P. Koch family; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

The Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, Signed by Sheridan - Two Volumes of the Autobiography of the Civil War General This two-volume set of the famed Union cavalryman's memoirs are 500 pages each in length, octavo with their original dark green cloth covers. With attractive gold stamping on the spine, each volume has a large gold stamp of General Philip Sheridan on horseback on the cover. While the binding of volume one has separated, it may be easily repaired. There is some light foxing as well. Overall the volumes are in good condition.

Provenance: Norm Flayderman; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

The Spurs of Major General George Thomas with a Carte de Visite of the General. George Henry Thomas, an 1840 graduate of West Point fought in the Mexican War before becoming one of the most famous Union general of the Civil War, particularly known for his victory at Nashville

These silver spurs are from early in his career, perhaps, due to the style of the spurs, the large 13-point star rowels and long curved shanks, the Mexican War where he distinguished himself at the Battle of Monterrey and then at Buena Vista. After teaching at West Point, Thomas was torn over the choice he had to make at the outbreak of the Civil War. A career Army officer but a native of Virginia, he chose to stay in the US Army.

Rising to the rank of Major General, Thomas undoubtedly had the spurs with him as he commanded the Army of the Cumberland and at the occupation of Nashville, Tennessee. Still sturdy with the rowels soundly in place, these spurs 8" from the tip of the rowel to the front of the spur where the leather buckles would be attached.

These spurs come with a carte de visite of Thomas as a major general. The photograph bears the back stamp of 'E. & H.T. Anthony, 50 Broadway, New York, From Photographic Negative in Brady's National Portrait Gallery.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Early 18th Century U.S. National Flag, Circa 1790 One of the earliest documented American flags in existence. Just two years after the government was formed and the Constitution was adopted, this flag would have flown during George Washington's first term as the first president of the United States of America, which was still comprised of the original thirteen colonies. Thirteen stars, wool bunting, 44" x 75", twelve stars in three rows of four with one larger center star, purportedly from the Old Sandy Hook Lighthouse, New York in 1790.

The lighthouse was built in 1764 at the southern end of New York harbor in New Jersey but was dismantled during the Revolutionary War to keep the British navigators from using it. They promptly rebuilt it and the lighthouse has stood at the harbor ever since, the oldest working lighthouse in the United States.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection

Pennsylvania State Fencibles Banner, Painted by Gullager, Circa 1798 Magnificent early banner of the Pennsylvania Fencibles of Philadelphia as well as one of the earliest American flags in existence. The state seal is beautifully hand painted by Christian Gullager, active in Philadelphia from 1798-1826. Born in Copenhagen, Denmark, he studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen where he was awarded a silver medal in 1780. He came to the newly founded America and married Mary Selman in Newburyport, MA in 1786. He painted numerous portraits of Newburyport citizens, then moved to Boston in 1789 and advertised as a portrait painter located at Hanover Street. This particular flag was painted by him in 1805. Made of dark navy blue silk and measuring 35" x 57 1/2". Gold fringe at the bottom only.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Exhibited: Nannos Collections

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

Early 18th century U. S. National Flag - Circa 1795 One of the earliest documented Stars and Stripes in existence, consisting of 13 stars in a 3-2-3 configuration, wool bunting, 48" x 92". Purportedly belonged to Parker Brown of Salem, Massachusetts in 1795.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection

Michigan Naval Militia Flag, Circa 1840 The most beautiful flag in the collection, with a hand painted American eagle on the open seas, with flags and streamers, surrounded by 26 hand painted gold stars. On a beautiful gold silk field, 55" high on the staff by 67" wide on the fly (exclusive of 2 ¾" deep worsted gold fringe on three sides)bearing in its center on the reverse side a scalloped panel 34" high by 44 ½" wide depicting in its center a seascape with its stunning central device, an eagle perched on a scallop sea shell holding in its talons four arrows and an olive branch. On its breast is a shield of red and white vertical stripes under a red (not blue) "chief," all with gold border. A scroll of white-shaded light blue (edged red) emanates from the eagle's beak with nation motto E PLURIBUS UNUM in black Roman letters ½" high; also with U.S. national and plain white colors aft. All surrounded by an arc of 26 gold eight pointed stars, the 26th star representing Michigan, dates the flag to the period 1837-1845.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas,Texas)

Massachusetts State Militia Flag, Circa 1850. A magnificent silk flag with gold fringe measuring 66" on the fly and 55" at the hoist, featuring a beautifully painted Massachusetts State Seal, which contains a full standing portrait of an Indian Chief in native attire with a tomahawk in his belt. This same image is on a bronze Revolutionary War cannon barrel from Massachusetts. On the reverse is the Massachusetts Pine Tree Emblem, complete with Liberty Cap, perched on the top of the tree. This same image of a Pine tree image appears on Massachusetts's coinage of the period as well as on their Revolutionary flags. A remarkable flag with original gold silk ties, this flag certainly would have flown during the first years of the Civil War, carried by militia volunteers from Massachusetts.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

Cavalry Flag of 3rd New York "Hussars" This exquisite and quite rare style of embroidered flag belonged to Capt. George W. Sauer's Company C of the 3rd Cavalry, known as the "German Hussars" from New York City. They volunteered for federal service and left the state on July 23, 1861. The company was composed of one hundred volunteers from other companies upon the request of the General Government for some cavalry, for three months' service, and left the state July 23, 1861.

The officers of the company were as follows: Capt. Sauer, age 33, enrolled at New York City, to serve three months, and mustered as Captain, July 23, 1861; mustered out with company, November 2, 1861, at New York; Charles Lambert, First lieutenant, mustered out with company, November 2, 1861, at New York City.

Side A: Blue silk field, gilt thread star in all four corners. Center panel is composed of a floss silk portrait of the Hussar's commanding officer mounted on a white horse, sword drawn and raised in his right hand with gilt epaulets. Wearing a medium blue triple breasted Hussar pelisse and a black leather shako. Trousers matching the jacket in color with a gold stripe on the outer seam. All set against blue sky with white clouds interspersed. Stars are 1 1/4" across points. The fringe measures 2 1/4".

Side B: Hand embroidered using gold gilt thread. Double sprigged wreath surmounted at junction by U.S. eagle. Two U.S. flags with 13 stars suspended from brown velvet lances with halberd heads with a Union shield at bottom. Blue silk field, yellow silk fringe on 3 sides. 21" on the hoist by 24½" on the fly. 1¾" sleeve. The script reads "3d Regt., 1st Troop, NY, German Hussars".

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Michael Madaus.

Union Cavalry General Judson Kilpatrick's Personal Banner, 90" x 2.5", double swallow-tail form, of gold silk throughout with red border enclosing a hand-stitched blue silk legend reading "KILPATRICK'S CAVALRY...ALICE." Minimal soiling and in excellent condition. This unique streamer carries the Christian name of Kilpatrick's first wife, Alice Nailer, whom he wed upon graduating with West Point's Class of 1861. It is highly likely that the young Mrs. Kilpatrick personally stitched the banner for her rising star of a husband. In fact, a New York Times story from November 23, 1863 recounts Kilpatrick's receipt of a Third Division battle flag made by Tiffany and mentions the banner as follows: "From the top of the flag, besides the tassels pendant are two yellow streamers bordered with red - one bearing the name of 'Alice'...". The banner is accompanied by a field photograph of Kilpatrick that is matted to a 10" x 12" board. A verso inscription states that it was taken in September, 1863. The general is shown standing before his tent and smiling directly at the photographer. Printed on glossy stock with a few light scratches. The mount is moderately aged and has some light chipping to its finish.

The young and reckless Hugh Judson Kilpatrick (1836 - 1881) was tolerated by his superiors, urged on by his ego, corrupted by greed and loathed by many who crossed his ambitious path. Kilpatrick was a divisional cavalry commander who rose to the rank of brevet major-general during the Civil War. His casual disregard for the safety of his men led to his nickname of "Kill Cavalry". Because he was a fighter, though, Kilpatrick was given increasing responsibility during the course of the war. A veteran of Brandy Station and Gettysburg, Kilpatrick transferred to the Western Theater and served as Sherman's cavalry commander.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Emanuel Leutze-Designed Flag Presented to Union Major General John A. Dix commemorating one of the most famous quotes to have come out of the Civil War. This historically significant flag was presented to Dix in a public ceremony on the evening of April 23, 1864, at the close of the New York Sanitary Fair. Mrs. William T. Blodgett, wife of a prominent New York businessman, active participant in the Sanitary Commission, and promoter of the arts, had commissioned the manufacture of the flag by the legendary Tiffany & Co. (which, by the way, supplied the Union with swords, flags, and surgical instruments during the Civil War). At the time of this presentation, Dix was president of the United States Sanitary Commission. The design is a striking scene of Liberty rising from her seat, grasping the American flag in one hand and the thunderbolts of war in the other. The display further incorporates along the bottom the famous slogan assigned to Dix: "If anyone attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot." Elegantly framed by the original intricately designed standard, the needlework retains much of its color and graphic appeal. Although removed from the original silk backing in 1970, the focal point of the piece has been maintained and displays in very fine condition. Complete at 47.25" x 49.50" with the central feature measuring 38.5" x 41".

Born in 1798 in New Hampshire, John Adams Dix started his military career early, joining the Artillery as a military cadet at the tender age of 14. After moving to New York with his wife to manage some of her family's land holdings, he entered the practice of law, later serving not only in various New York state offices but also as a U.S. senator (1845-1849). James Buchanan appointed him secretary of the treasury in January of 1861. One of Dix's immediate concerns was the fact that local authorities in southern states were seizing U.S. forts, arsenals, and revenue cutters. He sent a special messenger, W. Hemphill Jones, to New Orleans to provision the cutters there and move them to New York. Jones sent Dix a dispatch saying that southern-born Captain Breshwood of the revenue cutter Robert McClelland had refused to obey the order at which point, on January 29th, Dix sent the famous telegram with his strong comments about the flag:

Treasury Department, January 29,1861
Tell Lieutenant Caldwell to arrest Captain Breshwood, assume command of the cutter, and obey the order I gave you. If Captain Breshwood, after arrest, undertakes to interfere with the command of the cutter, tell Lieutenant Caldwell to consider him as a mutineer, and treat him accordingly. If anyone attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot.
John A. Dix
Secretary of the Treasury

Although the telegram was prevented by the Confederates from arriving at its intended destination, the press discovered and printed the text. Dix immediately became one of the first Union heroes of the Civil War. He later said of the telegram, "...the order was not the result of any premeditation- scarcely of any thought. A conviction of the right course to be taken was as instantaneous as a flash of light; and I did not think, when I... wrote the order in as little time as it would take to read it, that I was doing anything particularly worthy of remembrance..." Millions of patriotic northerners certainly saw it differently! Here we offer the flag that became a testimonial to the service of John A. Dix and the motto that was emblazoned in the minds of every Northern recruit. Dix was quite touched and honored to receive this flag and, in a letter to Mrs. Blodgett, he said of this flag and the presentation ceremony, "...I can never forget that I owe to your kindness the most valuable testimonial of my public services that I have ever received. The obligation is the more grateful to me, because you seem of all others to be the least conscious of the value of what you have conferred."

Emanuel Leutze, the designer, was a German-born painter who specialized in American patriotic images. One of his greatest works is the iconic Washington Crossing the Delaware. He was commissioned in 1860 to decorate a stairway in the Capitol Building in Washington which produced another very familiar and famous work, Westward the Course of Empire takes its Way. One of Leutze's students at the National Academy of Design, Augustus St. Gaudens, would later become famous for his eerily similar interpretation of Lady Liberty on the beloved United States $20 gold piece in 1907.

This is an important and stunningly beautiful flag, commissioned, designed, and manufactured to pay honor and respect to a great and inspirational man who served his country faithfully and selflessly for 63 years. It is worthy of inclusion in the finest collections and should remain a symbol of the very best of American patriotism for generations to come.

Provenance: Handwritten letter dated October 16, 1970, signed by the owner of Forge Antiques, Patricia S. Sullivan, of Katonah, New York . The flag was purchased at an auction of items stored in outbuildings at the Dix estate on Orange Rd. Mt. Kisco, New York.

23rd Army Corps Flag Made from Captured Confederate Flags in Macon, Georgia Converted into a U.S. Stars & Stripes U. S. Flag A very unusual Civil War flag, consisting of captured Confederate flags from the arsenal in Macon, Georgia during Sherman's March to the Sea. The 35-star configuration in the form of a shield represents the 23rd Army Corps, a large regimental corps flag of wool bunting, 108" x 228." The obverse hoist marked "H. Kitchell," the commander of the 98th Illinois. The reverse hoist is also marked "E. Kitchell" and "EK." Accompanied by a large file of Kitchell newspapers and documents, including the original label for the history of the flag written by Kitchell documenting that this was made from captured Confederate flags at Macon, Georgia at the end of the Civil War on April 20,1865 by the 98th Illinois Regiment.

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

34-Star U. S. Building/Capitol Flag made by Foster of New York Circa 1863 A monumental size 34-star Civil War flag, made to fly over a government building or state capitol. Made of wool bunting, 114" x 156". Non-regulation in size, thus most certainly made for a large building. The hoist is stenciled by the flag maker "F .T. Foster, NY."

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

A 35-Star Flag With Hand-Appliqued Stars This 35-star flag is hand-sewn and measures approximately 50" on the hoist and 100" on the fly. Made of red, white and blue bunting, this 35-star pattern was used from 1863-1865 and was the type most seen during the war.

The hand-appliqued stars of this flag are unique and have a twinkling appearance, with blue borders and white thread used to stitch them into the 45" x 26" blue bunting canton. There have been approximately 4" of the end of the fly sewn back onto itself in an apparent effort to make the flag shorter for display purposes. The flag has general fading of the colors.

On the hoist there is a tag with bears the words 'B. F. Almy'. The flag is in good condition overall and makes a fine display piece of a wartime flag.

13 Star U. S. Navy Boat flag, Circa 1863 A US Navy "Boat" flag depicting 13 stars in a 4-5-4 configuration, made of wool bunting, 32" x 58" inches. This flag has only 7 stripes, which is unusual. The hoist has the flag maker's name: "H. Korn, Philadelphia"."

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection

A Union Gunboat Flag From the USS Kenesaw. The USS Kenesaw was a Union gunboat that operated up and down the Tennessee River during the campaign of 1863-1864. Pressed into service from its former use a steam cargo ship at the start of the war, the Kenesaw flew this swallowtail flag made of bunting, measuring 48" at the hoist and approximately 168" at the fly and approximately 133" at the swallowtail.

Noted flag historian and author Howard Michael Madaus in his report of authentication on this rare flag stated that this flag was the only one of its kind he had examined. Visually attractive, the flag is composed of three horizontal bars; red at the top, dark blue at the middle and white at the bottom. The word 'Kenesaw' is appliquéd on both sides, each letter being 11 ¾" high in cotton.

There has been a repair to the bottom white bar done with a bunting patch about 9" wide and 15" high. The flag has excellent provenance dating to the Civil War. First brought home after the war by a Major C. E. Bliven, it was donated to the Toledo Soldiers Memorial and thence to a private collector.

Authentication: The flag come with a detailed letter of authenticity by Mr. Madaus.

13 Star U. S. Naval "Battle Flag" A U.S. Navy Boat flag that saw extensive battle use, with bullet holes and cannon shot. This flag illustrates the ferocity of battles it flew in and tells the story of the Civil War. Interestingly enough, its lanyard is still in its hoist. 13 stars in a 4-5-4 configuration, made of wool bunting, 43" x 81", with extensive battle damage.

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

Rare Civil War Union Flag - Regimental Marker Flag Approximately 10% of the Union regiments raised for service during the American Civil War were presented with non-regulation "general guide" or flank marker flags by their benefactors. These small flags were carried by the "general guide sergeants" posted at each flank of the regiment in line to assist the field officers in maintaining a straight line of battle. These "marking flags" took a number of forms and were made in a variety of designs; many, however, followed the basic pattern on the regulation bunting camp colors, with fringe added. Such is the case for those presented to the 2nd New York Volunteer Infantry, the "Troy Regiment," before it departed to defend the nation's capital.

The Second Regiment New York State Volunteer Infantry was organized at Troy, New York and accepted for service by the state on the 14th of May 1861 and during this time participated in the following engagements: New Market Bridge, Va., Big Bethel, Action between the Monitor and Merrimac at Hampton Roads, Va., Oak Grove, Peach Orchard and Savage Station, White Oak Swamp and Glendale, Malvern Hill, Groveton, Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville.

The flag consists of a white silk field, 15 1/2 " to 16" high on its staff by 18 3/8" to 18 5/8" wide on its fly, both dimensions exclusive of the 1 3/8" deep twisted silk yellow fringe that decorates three of the four sides of the flag. The regimental numeral "2," in a medium to dark blue silk is appliquéd to the field, slightly off-center. This figure is 8 3/4" high by 5 1/4" wide. Three pairs of dark blue silk ties decorate the staff edge the flag for securing it to its staff.

In addition to being framed, the flag is netted with a nylon honeycomb pattern translucent overcovering of the style initially used by Elizabeth Roser to conserve the New York State flag collection.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas); Chicago Historical Society (deaccessioned in 1974). Formerly in the Charles Gunther Collection (1893 - 1920).

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Confederate "Liberty or Death" Flag Captured by Custer's Cavalry from Stuart's Cavalry During the Retreat after the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. Confederate 1st national flag; believed to have been taken from the baggage train at Jack's Shop, Virginia during the Confederate retreat after the Battle of Gettysburg when Stuart's cavalry was protecting Lee's retreat. It was captured by William Goodman, Company I, Fifth Michigan Cavalry (Custer's Cavalry). He enlisted from Salem, Michigan August 19, 1862 and was taken prisoner at James City, Virginia on October 11, 1863. Goodman remained a prisoner of war and died at the infamous Andersonville, Georgia prison on July 24, 1864. Accompanied by Private Goodman's family photograph album, which includes a 1/6th plate tintype of him standing with a cavalry saber. Also his kerchief with other personal and family effects, including a GAR medal.

Authentication: Flag is a variation of the 1st national flag of the confederacy, the "Stars and Bars." Measuring overall 34 3/8" on the hoist (staff edge) by 53" wide on the fly. The field is composed entirely of cotton and consists of three horizontal bars - red uppermost, 11 inches wide but with a gap at the top of an inch. The center bar is 9¾" wide and the lowest red bar is 12¼" wide. Inset into the upper staff corner but extending only through the top red bar is a medium blue canton 12¼" high on the hoist by 12½" wide bearing 13 white cotton 5-pointed stars each 3¾" across their points appliquéd by hand to the obverse side, possibly cut away on the reverse. The leading edge of the flag is hemmed to a depth of 3/8" and once bore 4 hand sewn buttonhole eyelets. The lower and fly edges are decorated with a dark blue silk curtain 1¼" wide secured by floral decorated tape ¼" wide. In the center of the white bar is 16½" from the hoist edge is a 3 line motto, LIBERTY/ OR/ DEATH" in red cotton large block letters with serifs 1 3/8" tall.
The 'Liberty or Death' motto was a common declaration during the Civil War, a demand made by the Virginian and Revolutionary War hero Patrick Henry in 1775 at St. John's Church in Richmond. Many Confederates believed the Civil War to be the second American Revolution in which many of their ancestors had fought and died. Indeed Patrick Henry's grandson was William Roane, the former United States Senator from Virginia. Henry's sister's grandson was Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston. 'Liberty or Death' was still very much a mindset during the Civil War.
Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: Captured by William Goodman, 5th Michigan Cavalry
The Don Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum *****

A Rare Confederate Eight-Star First National Flag This Eight-Star Confederate First National flag still retains its vibrant colors and is beautifully hand sewn on polished cotton. At 140"on its fly and 75" at the hoist, this flag is a rare configuration of seven stars arranged in a 36" circle around a central star in the middle of the polished cotton blue canton. The two red bars divided by one white bar make this a classic First National Confederate design, but this particular pattern with eight stars makes up only 10% of the known First National designs.

As Virginia was the eighth state to secede from the Union on April 17, 1861 followed by Arkansas as the ninth only 30 days later, this flag was only authorized during that 30-day interval. Most of those known to exist in museums are from the Western Theater of the war, mostly from Louisiana or Mississippi regiments. Units of the famous New Orleans Washington Artillery and the Charles Clark Rifles of the 12th Mississippi are just a few of the units that flew this sort of flag. Indeed this flag was possibly made in New Orleans due to its early dating and construction. A stenciled number '25', 1" in height appears in black ink on the obverse of the flag on the fly edge.

Noted flag conservator Fonda Thomsen examined the flag and there were no alterations or repairs found during the examination. Significantly, the noted author and flag expert Howard Michael Madaus examined this flag as well. His authentication, research and analysis are included with this rare Confederate First National flag adding to its historical importance.

Confederate 1st National Pattern Flag. The original seven star Confederate flag was the first flag of the Confederate states in 1861. A very fine, company-sized flag made of dark blue, white, and bright red wool bunting with hand-sewn, 5 pointed stars in the dark blue canton and a coarse linen hoist with 3 hand-sewn grommets. The flag measures 17 ¼" on the hoist and 37" on the fly exclusive of a 1" wide hoist. The canton measures 12" wide and 11 /12" high and contains a circle of 7 white, 5-pointed stars 2" wide at the points. The field is composed of 3 horizontal stripes, the white stripe lying between the 2 red stripes. The first two stripes are 25" on the fly and 5 7/8" wide; the third stripe is 37" on the fly.

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

Confederate Light Artillery (or Cavalry) Guidon - Captured at Fort Hindman A very rare swallowtail Confederate artillery guidon, quite large, with its original blue lanyard. It was originally discovered furled around its staff with its red painted tin "halberd head" finial - now missing - in the attic of Corp. James L. Sheehan, a former member of the 127th Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Captured and taken home by him as a battlefield trophy from Fort Hindman, Arkansas (Arkansas Post on the Mississippi River during Grant's siege of Vicksburg in January 1863). This flag is very similar to the guidon of "Hill's Cavalry" (7th Tennessee Cavalry), captured at Island No. 10 in April 1862.

This flag is swallowtail in configuration, measuring 30" on its staff by 39" on the fly (29¼" from staff to cut of swallowtail), and is composed of two horizontal wool bunting bars, white over red, with a dark blue wool bunting canton (14½" high by 10½" wide) inset into the upper staff corner. It bears thirteen white cotton (machine sewn appliqué) stars;the center star is 3¾" across its points, and the twelve stars in an ellipse surround it, each star 2¼" across its points. Finished on the hoist edge by a white canvas duck sleeve 2½" wide where flat for the staff. The flag was secured to its staff with a blue silk cord extending from the top and bottom of the sleeve.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: Captured by Corp. Sheehan, 127th Illinois Volunteers, acquired by Daniel Potochniak of Hanover Park, Illinois from a descendant of 127th Illinois Volunteers; Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

A Confederate Cavalry Guidon and Flagstaff A Confederate cavalry guidon is a very rare find. This example measures 17" on the fly and 12" at the hoist and has seen much use. Designed in the First National pattern, this swallowtail cavalry flag has eleven stars on its blue field and two red bars divided by one white bar. At the time of manufacture of this type of guidon the stars were only applied on one side. The colors have faded and there is damage at the upper end of the swallowtail and at the field and along the hoist.

Confederate troops used these type flags throughout the ranks, especially when trying to maintain formation or a straight line when in battle. In that sense, with the battle flag at the center of the cavalry, the guidons would serve as marker flags.

Typically attached to a lance, it is fortunate that this guidon's lance accompanies this flag as well. Contemporary accounts note that these guidons flew from these 8-foot long lances that were commonly referred to as 'Richmond Pikes'. Securing at three places along the pike, the guidon here was at one time attached to this pike since there are traces of cloth at the points where it was secured with tacks.

This is a very unique and rare Confederate battle flag, made even more historically important since it has its original flagstaff lance.

A Very Rare Confederate Secession Flag - 1861 This is an extremely rare Confederate secession flag, one of only two known to exist. A six-star variant of the Confederate First National flag, this flag was made prior to the adoption of the First National design on March 4, 1861.

This flag has eleven stripes and most likely dates to January or February 1861. It is both hand and machine sewn on dark red, white and blue bunting with the central five-pointed star surrounded by an additional five stars design in white cotton.

Noted author and flag expert Howard Michael Madaus authenticated this flag and a copy of his research accompanies this flag. In that report he explains attempts by the people of secessionist states to incorporate the 'stars and stripes' design into the early flags of the new Confederacy.

This flag measures 126" on the fly and 91¼"" at the hoist. The blue canton measures 40½" at the staff and 39½" on the fly. The central five-pointed star measures 35½" in diameter while the smaller surrounding stars are 7½" in diameter. There are three whipped eyelets that pierce the white and blue canvas heading for attachment to a staff.

This is a beautiful flag that dates to the earliest days of the war. With only minor moth holes, it is in excellent condition making it a superb display piece.

Authentication: Howard Michael Madaus

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection

Rare Texas Confederate "Bonnie Blue" Flag of the 3rd Texas State Cavalry One of the rarest Confederate flags in existence, this "Bonnie Blue" Flag is one of only six known to exist in private hands as well as in museum collections. During the Civil War, patriotic songs were written about the "Bonnie Blue" flag of Texas that led Texans into battle. A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to own one of the rarest Confederate flags in existence.

History ascribed to the flag at that time stated that it was "picked up on one of the Texas battlefields during of the War of the 60's by Private 1st Class S.A. Buffum, Co. A. 3rd Regt. Cavalry Texas State Troops." The flag is 36" square with a dark blue field. It is made of a bunting or wool mix, and its method of attachment is missing. The white five-pointed star is 17½" inches across its point in the center of the field of cotton.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Exhibit History: This flag was part of the centerpiece display at the Texas Historical Exhibit in the Texas Building during the 1936 Texas Centennial Exposition.

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas). Originally acquired by Mr. George W. Wray, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia in 1970s.

Confederate Texas State "Lone Star" Cavalry Guidon This rare "Lone Star" pattern state flag was "captured" (confiscated) at Milam, Texas by Union occupation forces from the 48th Ohio Battalion, which had been formed in 1865 from the consolidated regiments of the 48th, 83rd, and 114th Ohio Infantry who were stationed in Texas under the command of General Sheridan. General Custer was also stationed in Texas in command of the Cavalry, and some of his men could have participated in the capture of this Cavalry flag. This is one of only five known and verified Confederate Texas State flags of the 1839 "Lone Star" pattern of Texas Independence fame. The flag was discovered in a Grand Army of the Republic collection in Findlay, Ohio. It is among the rarest Confederate flags in existence.

This flag is swallowtail in configuration, measuring 11 1/2" from the staff to the cut of the swallowtail. The field follows the directive of the state's 1839 flag design and is composed of a dark blue polished cotton vertical bar 6 1/8" wide, bearing a single white cotton, five-pointed star, 4 1/14" across its points, along the hoist, and two horizontal bars of wool bunting, white over red, for the balance of the field. The three exterior edges are finished with remnants of a gold metallic fringe, 1 3/4" deep, while the hoist edge is composed of a 1" wide twill weave cotton canvas heading, pierced at each end with a hand-sewn button hole eyelet.

Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Michael Madaus.

Note: The flag is of a size that could also be used as a lance pennon, and, since several Texas Cavalry units were armed with the lance in 1861, this is a possible usage of this rare flag.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection.

The Confederate Battle Flag of the 18th Virginia Cavalry - Captain G. Julian Pratt - Battle of Gettysburg The vibrantly blue Saint Andrew's Cross highlights this Confederate battle flag belonging to Captain G. Julian Pratt who had an outstanding career with the Confederate Cavalry in Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. As a young student at the University of Virginia he left his studies to join one of the three student companies known as "The Sons of Liberty" to come from that esteemed Jeffersonian institution. Soon after that, Pratt reported to General Henry A. Wise and was given the task of organizing a company of marine artillery to defend the marshes of Roanoke Island. While in the process of recruiting his marines he was captured by Union soldiers there. After his exchange, Pratt enlisted in General John D. Imboden's 1st Regiment of Partisan Rangers. From this time on he was in command of the cavalry. Soon after this, he took it upon himself to enlist a company of cavalry inside the enemy's lines and equipped them from the enemy stores. This company became the Company H, 18th Virginia Cavalry and in December of 1862 Julian Pratt was its first Lieutenant. At the Battle of Piedmont Capt. Frank Imboden, General Imboden's brother, was captured and Lt. Pratt soon was promoted to the rank of captain. It was from that point in 1862 that he was in command of the cavalry.

Julian Pratt led his men in many battles under this battle flag as they met with great victory as well as showing extraordinary courage in the Battle of Winchester in 1864. He had three horses killed from under him and two others in other engagements. He was himself twice wounded participating in the Battles of Gettysburg, Front Royal, Fisher's Hill, and New Market among many others. General Imboden constantly praised him for his gallant style that reminded many of General JEB Stuart. In July of 1863 Captain Pratt's men were moved up the Chambersburg Pike to a point just west of the Confederate line on Seminary Ridge where they fought the engagement at Gettysburg. When the last of Pickett's men straggled back after their infamous charge, Captain Pratt as a member of Imboden's Cavalry was given the task of protecting the Confederate retreat south. The Federals also attacked this wagon train on several occasions only to meet with Captain Pratt's anger and call of duty to defend the valiant men who had been wounded in the Battle of Gettysburg. During the Battle of Gettysburg, the 18th Virginia Cavalry lost 87 men killed and wounded.

This battle flag of the 18th Virginia Cavalry was fought under from Gettysburg to New Market. The cavalry flag measures 36" on its hoist by 32" on its fly. The field is made of a red wool cotton dress cloth with a dark blue St. Andrew's cross made of cotton. Applied to each side of the cross were eleven white polished cotton five-pointed stars with one in the center. This battle flag was homemade and is one of only five Confederate Army of Northern Virginia homemade cavalry size battle flags known to exist. It is truly an incredible example as bullet holes are still very evident in its field. Pratt had an esteemed career in the Confederate Cavalry and this battle flag was his most prized possession.

Accompanied by Captain Pratt's battlefield letter as well as Captain Pratt's Southern Cross of Honor with his name engraved in period script.

Authentication: Howard Michael Madaus, distinguished flag expert and author, letter of authentication and lengthy research.

Confederate Naval Signal Flag - Captured at Fort Morgan, Alabama, in 1864 A Confederate made naval style signed flag signifying "guard." Captured with the surrender of Fort Morgan in Mobile Bay near Mobile, Alabama, August 23, 1864.

Under the early light of dawn on August 5, 1864, Union Admiral David Farragut led a flotilla of 14 wooden ships, four ironclads, and numerous gunboats into Mobile Bay to seal off the city of Mobile, one of the two remaining Confederate ports. While entering the bay, the Union monitor USS Tecumseh struck a submerged torpedo and sank. Under fire from both the Confederate fleet and Fort Morgan, Farragut had to choose between retreating or risking the minefield. He then issued his famous order, "Damn the torpedoes! Full speed ahead!" Passing the minefield safely, Union ships defeated the Southern flotilla, while Union ground forces captured the forts. Although the city of Mobile remained in Confederate hands, the last blockade-running port on the Gulf Coast east of the Mississippi was closed.

Flag consists of a white wool and bunting field, pieced horizontally in each quadrant formed by the red wool bunting St. Andrew's cross 7½" to 8" wide, inset into the field. Flag measures 65" on its hoist by 81" on its fly, including the 1 1/4" wide white (turned tan) heading that serves as a sleeve for a single halyard rope attachment, looped into an eyelet at the top and extended 30" at the bottom. Flag shows service and bears at least five patches to cover previous damage.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)
Formerly in the collection of George Wray of Atlanta, Georgia

Post Civil War Light Artillery Guidon, Battery A, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia Guidon of Independent Battery A, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, agreeing with the 1879 Regulations for Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. Possibly in Unofficial use (unplushed) format prior to 1879. This guidon measures 16 ½" on its staff (hoist) edge by 18 ¼" on its fly (and 14" from the staff to the cut of the swallowtail), exclusive of the yellow gold, 2" deep, silk fringe on its fly and lower sides. The field is composed of two silk, horizontal bars, red over white, sewn together by hand. Painted over the center of the junction of the bars is a brown disc, 5 7/8" in diameter bearing a pair of crossed bronze cannon barrels 5 ¾" long each, circumvented by a gold edge blue belt 1 7/8" wide (inclusive of the gold edges) bearing the inscription "BATTERY A" arched over "M.V.M" painted in 7/8" high gold black lettering (with serifs).

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Michael Madaus.

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection

A Flag of the 7th New York Infantry This is a hand-sewn 36-star, 13 stripe Union flag of the 7th New York Infantry which mustered into service about the time that Nevada, the 36th state was added to the Union. They took part in the Siege of Petersburg and fought at Deep Bottom and Hatcher's Run. They mustered out of service at Hart's Island, New York in August 1865.
This 36-star pattern was not the officially adopted pattern which came into use only in July 1865. This pattern consists of 6 rows of 6 stars hand-appliqued on a blue 30" x 22" canton. They are applied only on one side with the opposite blue canton cut out to reveal the star. The flag measures 81" at the fly and 45" at the hoist which is stenciled '7th New York' in period ink. The material is wool bunting and cotton stars with brass loops at each end of the hoist for attachment to a staff. The flag is in overall good condition with two holes at the bottom center.
Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection

The Flag of the 2nd North Carolina United States Colored Troops This is an extraordinarily rare flag from the North Carolina Colored Troops of the Union Army. The 2nd US North Carolina USCT, who fought with the 36th US Regiment served as guards for prisoners at Point Lookout, Maryland until seeing action at the Siege of Petersburg. They took part in the Battle of Chaffin's Farm, New Market Heights and the Battle of Fair Oaks. Involved in the Appomattox Campaign they also saw duty at the occupation of Richmond on April 3, 1865. They were moved to Texas along the Rio Grande for service until they mustered out of service the next year.

This white and green distinctive flag measures 70" on the fly and 60" at the hoist. At the center of the wool bunting cloth is a 21" x 28" evergreen tree hand-sewn on both sides into the patchwork design of this flag. There are single eyelets at the hoist through which the flag was at one time attached to a staff. Since it has seen much action, the flag has been conserved by placing it between a fine transparent mesh on either side. There are holes at the top and bottom and several stains that appear to be from blood. The tree device has faded to a light green, however the flag is stable and is very distinctive, historically important as it is the only hand-sewn United States Colored Troops flag from North Carolina known to exist.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection

45-Star U. S. " Grand Army of the Republic" Flag Grand Army of the Republic flag made by Macy's, 45 stars wool bunting, 60" x 96", canvas hoist is stenciled "GAR 1" and the famous flag maker, "R.H. Macy Co."" New York.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection

38-Star U. S. "Grand Army of the Republic" Flag Grand Army of the Republic 38 star flag, wool bunting 60" x 124", canvas hoist stenciled "GAR 1," purportedly used by the very first Grand Army of the Republic Post chartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

A Beautiful 46-Star Infantry Flag A rare and historical flag, this 46-star staggered pattern of seven and eight stars in the canton was used after the admission of Oklahoma into the Union on July 4, 1908. Used for only four years during the administrations of Theodore Roosevelt and William H. Taft, it is machine-sewn of heavy wool cloth, this distinctive and attractive flag has a 2" gold fringe and was used as an infantry flag. Measuring 74" at the fly and 70" at the hoist, the hoist has a loop through which a staff was passed to carry the flag. The 30" x 38" canton with the 46 stars has a reinforcement patch at the top at the hoist, another appearing at the bottom of the flag at the last red stripe at the hoist. This is an attractive and rare flag, historically important.
Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection

21st U.S. Infantry Regimental Flag - Hand Painted in Gold Circa 1890s A rare Spanish American War regimentally marked flag, with 45 stars, wool bunting, 50" x 68" with gold fringe. The center stripe bears a unit designation painted in gold, "21st REGIMENT U. S. INFANTRY." Originally formed during the War of 1812 this flag flew over U.S. Forces during the Spanish American War in Cuba at the battle of Santiago (San Juan Hill).

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

21st U. S. Infantry Regimental Flag - Embroidered US Eagle, Circa 1890 A superb and beautiful regulation US Army Regimental flag, 52" x 84", with gold fringe, a blue field and a magnificent large embroidered federal eagle over riband bearing unit designation boldly painted in gold, "TWENTY FIRST U.S. INFANTRY." This regimental flag would have accompanied the Stars & Stripes of the 21st US Infantry during the Spanish American War when they fought in Cuba during the battles of Santiago Heights (Roosevelt's famous charge up San Juan Hill).

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: Crow Art Partnership Collection

U.S.Infantry Regimental Flag - Circa 1890 A magnificent regimental silk flag of the famous 1st Washington Infantry U.S. Volunteers. This flag measures 71" on the fly and 50" on the hoist featuring a blue field with a beautiful hand painted eagle under a gilt sunburst with red riband bearing the designation "1st WASH INF US VOLS". A rare flag from the Northwest, Washington had just become a state in 1889. Their volunteers would have carried this flag during the Spanish American War in the Philippines.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Madaus.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

A Copy of the Betsy Ross Flag Made by Her Granddaughter This is a remarkable miniature flag, a copy of the 'Betsy Ross' design that was actually made by her granddaughter Rachel Albright in 1905. Albright was 92 years and 8 months old when she crafted this meticulously done fine silk red, white and blue classic. Measuring 12" on the fly and 7" at the hoist, the thirteen red and white stripes are hand-sewn as are the thirteen white five-pointed stars in the blue canton. At the hoist there is a handwritten inscription in ink as follows: "First flag made in 1777 by Betsy Ross. This copy of the original flag made in 1905 by Rachel Albright aged 92 yr. 8m. Granddaughter of Betsy Ross'." There is some loss at the top right of the canton, otherwise this one-of-a-kind flag made by the granddaughter of Betsy Ross is intact and vivid in color, making it an impressive presentation flag. It is framed in a wooden gilt 2" frame and is set down on a fine linen cloth covered by glass.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

A Gettysburg Drum of the 140th Pennsylvania This drum of the 140th Pennsylvania Infantry originally belonged to Private Isaac Golden as noted on the drum's side. Painted into a ribbon held in an eagle's beak are the words 'E. Pluribus Unum,' along with Private Golden's name. In front of the eagle is the Federal shield and the eagle holds an olive branch in one claw and a quiver of arrows in the other. This drum has seen much use as the unit saw action at Gettysburg and Chancellorsville among other battles.

The heads of the drum are in need of restoration and the varnish has crackled, as the drum has been stored for many years. The tension ropes are missing and the top drumhead is loose from the drum itself, which measures 12" in height. Both drum heads measure 16" in diameter and have been repaired with tape. The A. Rogers Company of Flushing, New York manufactured this drum and their label is still inside the shell of the drum.

While this drum could benefit from restoration, due to its identification with a soldier and its battle history, it is an important historical piece even in this condition.

Provenance: The Norm Flayderman Collection

Confederate Cartridge Box Picked Up From the Battlefield at Gettysburg. The handsome cartridge box presented here was most often used by Union infantrymen, though this example was surely used by a Confederate soldier. The "U.S." embossed seal inside an oval normally seen on the outer flap of these cartridge boxes has been ground down and tarred over. Following the bloodiest battle of the Civil War, a local Gettysburg family picked the box up from the battlefield, and it remained with the family until the late twentieth century. The maker's initials are blind-stamped on the inner flap, "S.H. Young & Co. Newark N.J." Closing strap is intact. Overall, the leather on the box is dried, cracked, and flaking in a few areas, to be expected from such a battle-worn piece of Civil War history.

A Gettysburg Bass Drum From the Old Shields Museum This bass drum was de-accessed from the Shields Museum at a Gettysburg auction in 1985 and sold to a private collector. The museum was started in 1918 and consisted primarily of Gettysburg family collections, people who had collected artifacts from the battlefield, fresh after the conflict or 'battlefield pickups' as they were known.

This bass drum measures two feet in height and has a two feet in diameter drumhead. It still has its faded spread eagle design on the side of the drum measuring 16" x 10". The drum's wood shell has a dark varnish with 10 hoop eyelets. The ropes date from the 1880's.

This drum has no maker's mark and is in overall good condition and makes a very nice display piece with a Gettysburg connection.

Confederate Home-Made Cartridge Box Found on Gettysburg Battlefield. Wooden body with tacked on leather closure flap and belt loops, metal closure stud, 6" x 2.25" x 2.5", with brass dove and star inlay on reverse, crazing and light wear to the leather, else very good condition. A provenance letter from the North Missouri Historical Society accompanying this cartridge box indicates that it was picked up on the Gettysburg battlefield immediately after the battle by a local family. The letter further indicates that the cartridge box belonged to a Confederate sharpshooter dressed in civilian clothing who hid his rifle and this cartridge box in a tree and sauntered away from the Union troops to avoid capture. The significance of the inlayed dove and star is unknown.

Captured at Gettysburg U. S. Army Cap Box Decorated by a Rebel Soldier Q 3.75" x 4", marked "Jewell / Maker / Hartford" on inside flap. This standard Union Army cap box has a brass finial on the underside and retains a handful of unused copper percussion caps. What makes this item special is that a Southerner has carved a Confederate First National flag and the letters "CSA" into the leather on the outside flap. A very old and now illegible paper label above the flag could no doubt enlighten us as to this item's provenance. Considerable wear and crazing to leather, one belt loop missing and a split on the top flap rendering attachment to the finial impossible. Quite rare and desirable, with original "caps" just as it was found on a Gettysburg battlefield 140 years ago.

Provenance: Lee Walker, The Tharpe Collection of American Military History, written up in 1970s by Company of Military Historians.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum.

A Field Drum of the 41st US Infantry - Rice's Station Against Longstreet This wonderful field drum of the 41st US Infantry has a spectacular spread-winged eagle with the federal shield and ribbon painted on its shell. While it has seen much use in the field, the drum is rugged and striking in the image that remains with the ribbon bearing the designation '41 Reg. US Infantry' in the eagle's beak.
At 16 1/2" in diameter, the drum's upper head is in good condition with no tears. While the bottom head snares are present, the head skin is torn across the diameter of the drum. On the opposite side of the regimental eagle is an elaborate design of brass tacking where the snare tension brass is still present. The ropes are present as are the seven leather tighteners. Made of highly-grained maple, this drum is very distinctive in appearance with some flaking of the painted image and tension wear at the rims. The drum comes with a pair of period mahogany drumsticks.
The 41st US Infantry under Colonel Llewellyn Haskell fought admirably at Rice's Station where they engaged Confederate General James Longstreet forcing his withdrawal.

Union Cartridge Pouch, Partial Bayonet Sheath and Belt. These items were allegedly picked up on the Gettysburg battlefield and were part of the Shield's Museum collection. The set includes a general-purpose cartridge pouch, unmarked, with belt straps, both buckles, missing the closure strap, dry and crazed but in good condition; the remnants of a bayonet frog and sheath, all suspended on a 2" wide leather belt missing the buckle, most of the black finish worn off but in serviceable condition.

A Field Drum of the 100th New York Volunteers, Battery Wagner This field drum was used by the 100th New York Volunteer Infantry, a unit that fought at the famous assault on Battery Wagner on Morris Island, South Carolina. Having already seen action at Williamsburg and Malvern Hill, the unit was witness to the slaughter at Battery Wagner in July 1863. They were present at General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House as well.
This 11 1/2" tall 16 1/2" diameter field drum is made of maple and still has its snares intact. Both the upper and lower drum heads are present with only a slight buckle of the lower rim. The ropes and leather rope tighteners are present as well, the tighteners having two stars on each of the pulls. Painted in red on the side of the drum is '100 N. Y. S.' Included with this drum are two discharge papers from a soldier in the 100th New York, private Charles D. Ford. They both measure 8" x 10" and have been repaired at the folds with tape, but are a good connection to the drum and otherwise in good condition. The overall condition of the drum is very good making it a nice piece from a historic Civil War unit.

A Confederate Drum Captured at Beaufort, South Carolina This Confederate wood drum was captured at Beaufort, South Carolina during the winter of 1861-1862 by Private Daniel M. Reed of Company G, the 50th Pennsylvania Infantry. The family provenance states that Reed was a part of a force camped at Beaufort and that Reed found the drum in an abandoned fort. Reed was killed later that year at Chantilly, Virginia and his personal effects along with this drum were sent back to his family in Pennsylvania.

This rough-hewn drum is obviously not Union issue. Confederate drums are exceedingly rare and most were hand made as is this example liberated by Private Reed. The wood is actually a single wide strip that has been wrapped around and tacked with rows of tacks to secure the piece making the shell of the drum. At 15" in height and 17" in diameter, the drumheads are made of calfskin and are intact with no holes. The tension ropes are of a later date but the leather tighteners appear to be original to the drum. There is a notation that can be seen inside the vent hole of the drum that indicates the drum was "restored and repaired Feb, 1983."

The most striking aspect of the drum besides its quality craftsmanship and construction is the eagle and seven stars painted on the side of the drum. Although somewhat crudely done, the eagle is typical of the Confederate representation with seven stars. The seven stars represent the states, including South Carolina, which seceded from the Union within the first three months before the fall of Fort Sumter. While the image of the eagle and stars are faded and show considerable wear, the fading of the eagle and stars appear to be mostly from age as this drum was removed from service after only several months of use.

This drum is accompanied by an archive of copies of Private Reed's letters he wrote home before he was killed at Chantilly. Also, there are copies of notarized statements from the former owners of the drum stating that it came from the Reed family before being sold in 1982. The drum also has two rough-hewn drumsticks.

A 19th Century Painted Maple Drum This maple drum dates to the mid to late 19th century and has a beautiful painted eagle on the side of the drum. The rims have separated from the edges of the drum and the strings are loose at the bottom. The tension ropes are new and the drum measures 15 ½" in height and is 16 ½" in diameter.

A Very Rare Confederate Colonel's Frock Coat - Colonel John Thompson Brown, 1st Virginia Artillery, killed at the Battle of the Wilderness
Confederate Colonel's uniforms are more rare than those of Confederate generals. This frock coat was worn by Colonel John Thompson Brown of the 1st Virginia Artillery, the 'Richmond Howitzers'.
This beautiful frock coat has been superbly preserved since Colonel Brown's death on May 5, 1864 at the Battle of the Wilderness. A Union non-commissioned officer, Sergeant Watson from Michigan, removed the coat from Brown's body and took it back home where it had been held in his family until just ten years ago. It was then that a descendant returned the coat to Virginia.
This Confederate frock coat, one of the most rare in existence not only because of the rank signified but also due to its historical significance, is being offered here for the first time at auction.
This Confederate Colonel's artillery frock coat is in cadet gray with a standing collar which has three gilt stars hand-sewn into the red cloth backing and attached to the collar. It has magnificent, unusually large triple-gold braids of quatrefoil that run up each of the sleeves which also indicate Brown's rank as a Colonel. The sleeves are in the Confederate officer's pattern. The double-breasted uniform has eagle staff buttons as well. There are three smaller cuff buttons on each sleeve as well as eagle staff buttons on the coattail. It is trimmed with distinctive artillery red piping on the double-breasted part of the coat, piping that extends to the top of the collar and at the coattails, even at the cuffs.
John Thompson Brown was named captain of the 1st Virginia Artillery, the 'Richmond Howitzers' on July 12, 1861. His Colonel's uniform is an extreme rarity. It is in overall superb condition and is a highly attractive Confederate uniform.

Provenance: The Watson Family

The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Stonewall Jackson's Courier, The Shell Jacket of Private Benjamin S. Pendleton - Worn at the Surrender at Appomattox This is an extremely rare artillery shell jacket made by Tait of Ireland that made its way to the Confederacy through the Union blockade. It was worn by Private Benjamin S. Pendleton who had the distinction not only of serving as a courier for Confederate General Stonewall Jackson, but also wore this uniform at the surrender of the Confederate forces with General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox on April 9, 1865.

Private Pendleton wore this artillery shell jacket during the last year of the war, at the close of which he would be listed in the Appomattox parole book as one of only 35 surviving members of the famous 'Stonewall Brigade'.

Constructed of wool cloth by the Peter Tait and Company of Limerick, Ireland, this is the only Tait uniform known to have run the blockade that is still in existence. In fact, it is the only foreign-made Confederate shell jacket known to be in private hands. Heavily worn by Private Pendleton, the shortages of buttons at the close of the war are exhibited in this uniform which has a combination of five 'CS' staff buttons, one Old English script 'I' button and two eagle buttons. They are held in place by square-cut nails that run through the shank of the button inside the fabric of the coat. Inside the jacket there is a small card written and signed by Pendleton that reads as follows:

This jacket worn by B. S. Pendleton, Co. B, 2nd Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade, Army Northern Virginia, worn at the surrender of General Lee April 9, 1865 -

B. S. Pendleton

The facts of the make, ownership and use of this jacket make it an extreme rarity, not to mention the fact that it made it through the Union blockade to the Confederacy. The jacket is in overall good condition with some moth holes to the right sleeve, a small hole at the left bottom and at the left top. The red artillery collar and the buttons serve to make this an excellent presentation piece with an even greater historical value attached. The shell jacket has been authenticated by the historian and expert Les Jensen and comes with an archive of Pendleton family provenance and research.

Exhibited: The Bill Turner Collection

Confederate General Thomas Rosser's Collar Insignia, each approximately 4.5" x 2.5". These two strips of buff cloth are heavily embroidered in gold with the laurel wreath and three stars prescribed for general officers by Confederate regulations. The bullion composing wreath and stars is only lightly tarnished. The set comes from the uniform of Major General Thomas Rosser (1836-1910), a key player in the Army of Northern Virginia's cavalry operations. Rosser, a Virginia native and West Point graduate, joined the famed Washington Artillery of New Orleans when the war started. A favorite of J.E.B. Stuart's, he was made colonel of the 5th Virginia Cavalry. From Second Manassas through Appomattox, Thomas Rosser was in the saddle. In fact, his men made a final charge at Appomattox on April 9, 1865 and managed to cut their way through Federal lines without surrendering to Custer.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum.

Engraved Silver Hat Device From J.E.B. Stuart to Thomas Rosser, 4" x 1.5". A schematic American eagle has been cut from a piece of sheet silver and forms the top border of this plate. The face is engraved, "Lewinsville / Sept. 11th, 1861 / Presented to Capt. T. L. Rosser by Brigadier General J. E. B. Stuart". The verso has seven applied attachment pins and is stamped "Lewis" by its maker. Light scratches as expected. Virginia-born West Pointer Thomas L. Rosser commanded a battery in New Orleans's famed Washington Artillery during the opening months of the Civil War. He was present in support of Stuart's First Virginia Cavalry when they opposed a Federal force operating in Fairfax County, Virginia. The Yankees were driven away with casualties while the Confederates emerged victorious and unscathed. Stuart acknowledged Rosser's pivitol role with the hatpin offered here and with this statement in his official report of the incident: "...The officers and men behaved in a manner worthy of the General's highest commendation, and the firing done by the section under the direction of Captain Rosser and Lieut. Slocum (all the time under fire from the enemy's battery) certainly, for accuracy and effect, challenges comparison with any every made." Rosser had gotten J. E.B. Stuart's favorable attention and went on to become a Confederate Major General of cavalry.

Confederate Frock Coat of Lt. William Allen Hanger, 1st Virginia Cavalry Regulation cadet gray wool broadcloth with yellow cuff and collar trim. The sleeves have a lieutenant's single quatrefoil braid and two collar bars. The coat's double-breasted front has 14 Federal eagle staff buttons, four others are on the tail and three similar cuff buttons are on each sleeve. Repaired moth damage throughout, with the lower portion of the left tail being completely replaced. Note that a bullet hole on the right sleeve has been filled. Interior brown cotton lining has been left substantially as is with all of the loss and separations typically associated with aged fabric. An attractive Confederate junior officer's uniform steeped in history.

Lieutenant Hanger (1831 - 1889) was an Augusta County overseer when he enlisted as 1st Sergeant in the Valley Rangers, Co. "E", 1st Virginia Cavalry. He was appointed 2nd Lieutenant on July 1, 1861 and 1st Lieutenant on April 23, 1862. The previous day, April 22, found Hanger participating in J.E.B. Stuart's raid on Catlett Station, Virginia. During the charge, led personally by J. E.B.Stuart, Hanger was shot in the right arm. The wound never fully healed and the Lieutenant found himself relegated to the Invalid Corps. He was later captured at Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864, Hanger was exchanged and finally paroled on May 19, 1865.

Authentication: With four-page letter of authenticity and thorough technical analysis by Les Jensen.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Virginia Dark Blue Slouch Hat with a Gold "Va." in Laurel Wreath Device This slouch hat with a distinctive Virginia device surrounded by a laurel wreath is an extremely rare artifact from what is considered to be the first land battle of the Civil War at Big Bethel, Virginia. It was captured from the battlefield by a Union soldier and has been held in a private collection ever since.

A decidedly Confederate victory, the engagement at Big Bethel began when Union Major General Benjamin F. Butler sent troops from Hampton and Newport News to confront Confederate troops at Little and Big Bethel. The Confederates withdrew to concentrate their forces near Big Bethel Church. Commanded by Colonels John B. Magruder and D. H. Hill, the Confederates repulsed the advances of the 5th New York Zouaves killing 79 men including Colonel T. Wynthrop. The Confederates lost only nine men.

This war trophy from that battle, captured by one of Gen. Benjamin Butler's soldiers, is a dark blue heavy felt slouch hat with a 1" silk band of the same color. The gold-colored metal "Va." device is centered in the middle of a metal wreath of a darker gold color. The condition overall is very good with a small hole on the left side of the brim near the bow of the silk band. The interior brown leather band is in excellent condition as well but has separated at the back of the hat. An old museum tag with the words "taken from a rebel on the battlefield of Big Bethel ,Virginia" has been sewn to the top of the hat.

This is a unique and very rare artifact, highly attractive and is from the earliest action of the Civil War.

Authentication: Les Jensen

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Confederate Officer's Slouch Hat With Gold Cord and Acorns This buckskin-colored felt slouch hat, much like the one Confederate General Robert E. Lee often wore, has excellent provenance having been exhibited in a North Carolina collection for many years. The 4" brim is capped by a silk ribbon that encircles the entire hat, coordinating with the 1" ribbed silk hatband. A striking, intricately woven silk hat cord with two officer's acorn ends accentuates the beauty of this instantly recognizable, elegant headgear of the Confederacy.

A hat very similar to this one is illustrated in Time-Life's Echoes of Glory - Arms and Equipment of the Confederacy (page 166). It is noted that officer's hats typically had acorns at the end of the hat cords while enlisted men's bore tassels. There are many stories in the literature of the Civil War where General Lee is depicted as wearing a hat just like this one shown here. With a rolled-in crown, this hat remains in very good condition. There is a small hole on the left side of the brim just behind the hatband bow and two small holes at the left rear of the crown. The inner leather hatband has some deterioration at the front but is otherwise intact and in good condition.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Louisiana "Washington Artillery" Officer's Artillery Kepi, 6.5" wide x 9" long, high red wool crown, dark blue wool hatband, single line of gold trim, stamped brass crossed cannon insignia, stamped brass "W A" on front of hatband, patent leather visor and remnants of chinstrap secured by two 16mm eagle staff buttons. The interior lacks a true sweatband, however has a strip of blue wool placed along the inside front. The lining is made from coarse brown cotton cloth. An especially good-looking kepi, this one retains vibrant coloring. It has only one tiny pinhole, which is to the right of the insignia. The visor shows a light crazing as should be expected with any antique leather.

The interior stitching is somewhat loose, but still in place. Exterior stitching is tight. An exceptional opportunity to acquire a distinctive kepi, with original insignia intact, from the most famous artillery unit of the Civil War. The Washington Artillery of New Orleans, organized in 1838, was an exclusive militia organization open only to the city's gentry. The brave men of the Washington Artillery fought gallantly in every battle during four years' service with Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Virginia Cavalry Officer's Hat With a Five-Pointed Star, Crossed Sabers and Ostrich Plume This Confederate cavalry officer's hat is a striking example of the Southern cavalier's headdress. The 3 ¼" brim is turned up to one side and tacked to the crown with a five-pointed star. This type of hat was worn by the dashing cavalrymen of the South, especially from Virginia, and by many infantry officers as well, including General William Mahone of the Battle of the Crater fame.

The crossed-sabers gold braid cavalry device is affixed to the front of the hat mounted on a black felt oval field ornament that is surrounded by gold braid beadwork. The ribbed silk 1" hatband has the flamboyant ostrich feather inserted at the left side at the bow. The crown is surrounded at the base by a gold officer's cord that ends with the officer's acorn devices at each end. The inner leather hatband that would have been original to the hat is missing. Otherwise in good condition, this buckskin-colored hat has been repaired at the top of the crown around the oval approximately halfway where it had at one time been separated from the crown itself.

This is a fine example of the most dashing headgear of the Civil War. Only a few are known to exist, especially with the distinctive five-pointed star, ostrich plume and cavalry devices intact.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Virginia Lieutenant's Regulation Confederate Kepi, 7" wide x 10" long, grey wool crown and sides with black wool trim, single gold braid indicating rank and forming a quatrefoil on the crown, patent leather visor, leather chinstrap with a small brass buckle secured by two 16mm Virginia gilt buttons (backmark not visible). The interior has a wide brown leather sweatband and is lined with a butternut cotton fabric. Overall this classic Confederate officer's kepi is quite sound and in much better condition than most surviving Civil War headgear. Fewer than half a dozen pinholes dot the grey wool, these being along the edge of the hatband and, as such, nearly invisible. The exterior leather has minimal crazing throughout and one fold line along the visor. The buttons have a rich, never-cleaned gilt patina. The interior is somewhat soiled from use. All stitching is tight. This kepi presents an excellent opportunity to own a museum quality Confederate officer's kepi.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Officer's Kepi From South Carolina, 6.75" x 8.5", with a high crown consisting of light blue wool trimmed conservatively with gray braid. A 1.75" dark blue wool band circles the base and carries an embroidered device consisting of a laurel wreath enclosing "SC". The visor is of black patent leather with a green underside. A brown leather sweatband and cotton lining are inside the kepi. The crown shows some mothing, otherwise the wool elements are sound. Some crazing to the visor, moderate interior staining and wear. Overall a very presentable example of Confederate junior officer's headgear with good color and an interesting history. A photocopied letter of provenance from the North Missouri Historical Society accompanies the kepi. According to the letter, the kepi was acquired at an Iowa estate auction that had several Civil War items that had been brought home by a Union veteran. The letter's author, Jerry Davis, writes in part: "...I tried to piece together the story as best I could where his unit would have encountered a South Carolina cavalry unit and the most likely cavalry unit would have been the 6th South Carolina Cavalry called the 'Dixie Rangers' assigned to Butler's brigade. The oral history of the kepie (sp) is that the Union caught the Confederates asleep and captured them without a fight."

Confederate General's Battle Flag Sword Belt Set Similar to General Hood's. The centerpiece of this wartime treasure is, of course, the silver Confederate Battle Flag waving proudly from its staff set in a laurel wreath. This magnificent Southern icon is applied to a fine English-made 51mm x 44mm gilt brass sword belt plate having a stippled face and smooth beveled edges. The resulting contrast between silver and gold is stunning. A maker's stamp reading "Webb & Bonella / 23/ Old Bond Street / London" is on the back of the plate between two brass pins securing the flag device from behind. The plate and its keeper are sewn to a light brown leather belt embellished with four horizontal rows of gold bullion. Supplementary brass hardware on the rig includes three adjustment buckles, two studs, two attachment rings and a sword hanger. The plate's silver elements are lightly toned and show evidence of a previous cleaning since there are small dabs of white residue in some recesses. The belt remains as supple as it must have been during the 1860s. There is, however, some minor surface crazing, wear along the edges, and a foot-long split on the inside where the stitching has loosened along a seam. Such is to be expected and does not detract from the overall appeal of this great piece of Confederate history. A similar belt rig held by the Museum of the Confederacy figures prominently in a wartime photograph of General Hood. The belt in the image, however, has three bands of bullion rather than four and the plate is not marked by the maker.

Rare and Unusual Confederate General Officer's Belt Rig Utilizing a Virginia Staff Button. An enterprising Confederate officer of the Old Dominion fashioned a unique belt plate for himself by wiring the face of a Steele & Johnson Virginia uniform button to the tongue portion of a two-piece militia belt plate. The plate is smaller than most being 75mm x 41mm, and is an ornate gilt brass affair decorated with scrolled floral designs at the belt attachment loops. The wreath consists of laurel and has an opening just large enough to accommodate the Virginia button. Copper wire, some solder and three neat holes were all it took to affix the button's face to the tongue. The color and toning of this addition matches the rest of the plate exactly, giving it an as-made look. Other brass elements on this rig include an adjuster and a D-ring. The belt is made of burlap covered by fine red leather, this being exposed on the interior but hidden by rich gilt embroidered brocade on the exterior. The belt's golden embellishment strongly suggests that it once was worn by a Confederate general. The plate is in excellent condition; however, the belt shows considerable wear, has some splits and suffers a small area of loss. Overall an exceptional belt rig demonstrating that ingenuity that was not a trait exclusive to Yankees.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Virginia Sword Belt Plate On Leather. The cast brass plate measures 84mm x 50mm and is nearly identical to Plate 435 in Confederate Belt Buckles and Plates by Steve E. Mullinax. Its bold, distinctive and almost modern, design consists of "VIRGINIA" within a laurel wreath set against a stippled field. The plate and keeper have matching "811" benchmarks and are sewn to a U.S. officer's sword belt. The belt proper remains intact, however its two leather sword straps have deteriorated over the years with only remnants being attached to the belt, which has moderate crazing throughout.A rare and attractive belt rig.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Virginia Sword Belt Plate On Leather, 88mm x 51mm, cast and die-stamped brass, ca. late 1850s - 1861. See Plate 434 in Confederate Belt Buckles and Plates by Steve E. Mullinax. Following the general form of the Model 1851 U. S. sword belt plate, the face of this prewar plate displays the Virginia State Seal within an oblong oval cartouche set against a stippled background. The Roman personification of Virtue, Virtus, is shown standing over a defeated Tyranny. This device, used by Virginia since 1776, would have seemed especially appropriate to her volunteer forces of 1861. The plate's back and keeper are both stamped with the benchmark "219", indicating an original pairing since the day they were made. The plate is affixed to a russet leather belt and has a brass ring stitched to its back. An unusual feature of this particular specimen is that the plate's tongue has been repaired with two copper rivets set into pre-drilled holes. All brass elements in this rig enjoy a natural old toning. The leather is somewhat stiff, yet remains solid.

Provenance:The Tharpe Collection of American Military History from Norm Flayderman.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum.

A Remarkable Two-Piece Gold Virginia Confederate Belt Plate Belonging to Mosby Ranger C. F. Wood of Warrenton, Virginia Rarely does a Confederate plate in this condition reach the market. This near-pristine gold-plated jeweler made buckle set is a museum piece in quality, as visually attractive as it is historically important. The central disk which is inserted into the receiving mechanism of the buckle is the Virginia state seal with "Virginia" above the figure of Virtus, the Roman goddess of virtue with the Latin motto "Sic Semper Tyrannis" when translated meaning "thus always to tyrants", appearing below the figure.

While there is some of the gilt having been rubbed from the clothing of the figure of Virtus, the overall condition of the disk portion of the buckle is magnificent. Virtus stands in a victorious pose with her foot ceremoniously on top of the defeated tyrant whose crown has fallen from his head. A variant of the 1776 approved design is still in use as Virginia's state seal today. There is an inspector's mark '3' on the obverse of the buckle beside the disk next to the rectangular attachment where a leather belt would be attached.

The receiving device of the buckle is a magnificent oak wreath, intricately engraved and broken at the top and bottom by ribbons forming two St. Andrew's crosses. This part of the buckle incorporates the rectangular portion where the leather belt would be attached. Inside the interior of the oak wreath where the disk is inserted is another, separate inspector's mark of a reversed '4'. The plate measures 80mm x 50mm and is similar to Plate 418 in Confederate Belt Buckles and Plates by Steve E. Mullinax. A letter of authenticity from Mullinax accompanied this buckle.

This is a highly treasured gold Virginia Confederate two-piece belt buckle in almost unseen, fine condition.

Provenance:The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Extremely Rare Two-Piece "CS In The Shield" Confederate Officer's Belt Plate, 51mm x 75mm, interlocking gilt stamped brass tongue with replica cast wreath portion. Similar to Plate 065, which belonged to Confederate General Walter Lane, as illustrated in Confederate Belt Buckles and Plates by Steve E. Mullinax. The high relief Confederate droop-wing eagle on this plate is behind a shield defiantly displaying the letters "CS". This attractive device is reminiscent of Confederate officer's buttons made by English firms such as S. Buckley of Birmingham. The eagle's use here and its superb execution suggest the plate is probably a British import run through the blockade into the Confederacy, which explains their rarity, as less than six are known to exist. In excellent, original condition. Another example is unlikely to appear on the market in the foreseeable future.

Provenance: Ken Ferreo, The Tharpe Collection of Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum.

Virginia Button Hatpin With Provenance, Stonewall Jackson's 5.5" long, made from a three-piece state seal button having the pre-war backmark of the well-known Richmond firm Mitchell & Tyler. The shank of this button was removed with a long steel pin being soldered in its place. An accompanying typed card shows light aging and states that the button is "...from the Richard D. Steuart Collection...supposedly from the uniform coat of 'Stonewall Jackson'." The button has excellent old toning and is free of pushes or dents. Its former owner, Richard D. Steuart of Baltimore, was a highly regarded author and collector of Confederate memorabilia during the mid-20th century.
Provenance:The William Turner Collection

Louisiana Belt Plate On Original Leather, 55 x 79 mm, die-struck face with a laurel wreath and small stars surrounding a nesting pelican feeding five young. The back has three brass attachment hooks soldered directly to its lead fill. Similar to Plate 286 in Steve Mullinax's Confederate Belt Buckles & Plates. The plate has spectacular lightly tones brass with hints of red and green verdigris. Usual crazing to moderately stiff leather.

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The Spurs of Colonel Edwin J. Harvie - Staff of General Robert E. Lee Colonel Edwin J. Harvie served General Robert E. Lee as Assistant Inspector General. A native of Amelia County, Virginia, Harvie served as Inspector General on General Joseph Johnston's staff and then on Lee's staff until the end of the war. A graduate of the Virginia Military Institute and scion of an old James River colonial family, he served in fifty-four battles during the war. After the war he was a businessman at Richmond, Virginia.

These gilt spurs are in excellent condition with the gilding at over 90% intact. The shaft of the spur is formed as an eagle with wings spread back to the sides of the spurs. The rowels of the spurs are in a sunburst design and are carved toward the center of the disk.

The leather and buckles are still in place with some cracking of the leather. These spurs have witnessed much history as they were worn by one of General Lee's staff officers.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Pair of Silver Confederate Spurs This pair of utilitarian silver spurs has great character. The simple, clean lines belie the fact that they could still be strapped on and used today. The smooth sunburst rowel still functions perfectly. The only designs the maker attempted are two vertical, parallel lines near the hole where the leather would be attached. The sloped edges near the lines are all slightly different, each handmade by a craftsman more interested in practical usage and not decoration. They are very typical of Confederate spurs of the Civil War.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Pair of Gold Epaulettes Identified to Colonel Jonathan Catlett Gibson, 49th Virginia Volunteers, 5" x 7" These epaulettes have 2.5" tassels, heavy gold bullion with yellow silk underside, with original Mitchell & Tyler presentation box. The box, of sturdy board, carries two labels, one on the lid and another on its side. Mitchell & Tyler were well known military outfitters and are especially recognized among collectors for uniform buttons carrying their backmark. The upper label of the box gives the company's location as Richmond while the side label notes that these are lieutenant's epaulettes. The epaulettes are in excellent condition with the box having some chipping and a seam separation along the lid. Included are: insignia for the Gibson's M1858 "Hardee" Hat. This consists of a stamped brass "Jeff Davis" eagle pin, 2" x 2.5", and a stamped brass infantry bugle on a black velvet oval bordered in gold, 3.25" x 2.5". Both items are in pristine condition. Colonel Gibson, a native of Culpeper County, Virginia entered Confederate service in 1861. A participant in First Manassas, he rose to succeed "Extra Billy" Smith as colonel of the 49th Virginia. Gibson led the regiment at Gettysburg and was wounded three times before war's end. After the war, he practiced law and held a seat in Virginia's General Assembly. Gibson was part of the guard that escorted John Brown to the gallows in December, 1859.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

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Black Horse Troop, Dr. McGill, A Pair of Heavy Brass Confederate Spurs This pair of Confederate spurs are a no-frills, heavy duty set designed for battle. They are attributed to Dr. McGill of the famed Confederate Black Horse Troop. With the sideways mounted starburst rowels attached at the end of the 5" spur, these are highly attractive and a great example of the Confederate cavalryman's spurs. The brass has a nice and even patina with some rust at the rowels, these spurs show much field use making them even more desirable.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Ultra Rare Embossed "CS" Confederate Tin Drum Canteen With Linen Shoulder Strap, 6.75" diameter x 1.75" wide, 48" strap, ca.1861. Both faces of this fine canteen sport a raised central disc flanked by a "C" and an "S". As such, it is the only style of Confederate canteen thus marked by the manufacturer, believed to be made in New Orleans in 1861.This well made item is of three-piece soldered tin construction with an applied spout and three brackets for securing the strap. It is fitted with an original heavy linen strap sewn into position. One face has three small dents and there is another along its side. Otherwise, the canteen is as made. The surfaces are generally clean with only the lightest rusting on some of the high points. The strap, though stable, is worn with moderate fraying throughout and splits at its center.

A crushed specimen of this canteen type was found on the Manassas battlefield some years ago. For another example of the "CS" tin drum canteen see page 210 in Time-Life's Arms and Equipment of the Confederacy. The editors of that excellent reference suggest that these canteens were made in New Orleans for Louisiana troops. This is the absolute finest example known to exist. It is 1 of only 4 known and is one of the great rarities of Civil War collecting.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

ID'd Union Soldier's Captured Confederate Canteen, 7.25" diameter, cedar construction with two iron bands securing sides and three iron sling brackets, one face is boldly carved "I. S. Moore. Co C. 103rd O. V. I." by its captor while the other is simply carved "J. H. Winton" by its original owner. Minor scuffing and wear with some shrinkage causing seams to open. Excellent patina, fine condition.
Isaac S. Moore joined the 103rd Ohio Infantry as a corporal in July, 1862 and was demoted to private sometime before mustering out in Raleigh, North Carolina some three years later. Moore's regiment served in Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia and the Carolinas. There were a number of Confederate Wintons in Tennessee Infantry who would qualify as possible original owners of this canteen since their regiments opposed Sherman in Tennessee and Georgia.

Confederate Wood Drum Canteen Identified to a Private in the 20th Tennessee. Cedar with double iron bands and strap retaining bands, about 7.25" in diameter, 2.5" thick, retains about 16" of the original web strap with iron buckle present, general wear from usage, wood darkened with age, spout crudely enlarged, else very good condition. Crudely carved on one side of the canteen are the initials "J. J. C." and on the other in the same style a crude decorative pattern of lines. This canteen belonged to a private in the 20th Tennessee Infantry.

A Tin Portable Confederate Kitchen This novel tin Confederate camp pot is marked 'Orange, Va.' was highly portable, allowing the soldier to carry this device with him onto the battlefield for use back at camp later. The two-piece kitchen is composed of a lower 4" canister that holds oil and a covered wick that provides the heat to warm the contents of the upper 4" diameter by 3" deep tin pot. The upper pot has a tin handle and ring on the accompanying lid. The upper pot is supported by three posts (one missing) that fit snugly into three receptacles in the lower pan to hold the pot above the flame. This is an interesting and rare set of Civil War camp kitchen accouterments.
Provenance:The William Turner Collection

A Beautiful Union Hardee Cavalry Hat This Hardee hat is in exceptionally good condition, almost unseen in the texture and color of the black felt, the condition of the cavalry device and the striking gold bullion eagle pin.

A design named for cavalry commander William J. Hardee in 1858, a man who would three years later leave the Union Army to fight for the Confederacy, this Hardee hat was adopted that year as the 'Model 1858' It is one of the most stylish hats found during the Civil War with it's 8" ostrich plume, medallion device held by a federal staff officer's pin and decorative acorns that cap the gold hat cord.

The 3" brim is double-sewn and turned up on the right side and fastened by the highly-elaborate gold bullion eagle pin mounted on an oval felt disk. The underside of the brim is trimmed with ½" gold lace trim which has somewhat faded. The lace is missing from the top of the hat brim.

The hat band, in originally yellow gold braid is wrapped around a 1" silk hatband. Inside the hat, the 2" leather hat band is in excellent condition. There is no lining in the hat.

This is a great museum piece from a Union cavalry officer during the Civil War.

Union 6th Artillery Major's Kepi, 7.25" wide x 10" long, dark blue wool throughout with three rows of stitched black braid forming a quatrefoil on the crown. The face displays embroidered crossed cannon behind a red shield emblazoned with a silver "6". The bill and chinstrap are of patent leather with the latter able to be adjusted by a small brass buckle and being secured by two 16mm eagle "A" buttons". The interior is lined with black silk and has a sweatband of tan leather. The kepi is in fantastic condition overall, having only two pinholes and exhibiting the most minimal crazing on the leather.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Union Model 1858 Cavalry Officer's Forage "McDowell" Cap, 8.25" wide x 9" long, leather panel inside crown maker-marked by Shute & Son, Washington St., Boston. Dark blue wool throughout with characteristic high crown and small leather bill. An oval felt panel with embroidered cavalry saber insignia is sewn to the face. The leather chinstrap retains its original brass buckle and is secured by two 16mm Eagle "C" buttons produced by Scovill. The cap's interior has a wide leather sweatband and is lined on the sides with a dark green silk. Expected crazing to the leather elements and wear to the sweatband: otherwise, excellent condition. This is a superb and classic early Civil War "McDowell" cap.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Spectacular Civil War Zouave Complete Uniform (and Accoutrements) - The Uniform of W. Beriah Chandler, Battle of Gettysburg, Little Round Top This Zouave complete uniform is an incredible rarity, complete with the jacket with ornate chevrons, ballooned, chasseur-style pants, sash and leggings plus the very rare fez hat - and more. Zouave uniform sets are very rare, only a few are known to exist. This grouping is extremely rare in that it is in prime condition and is attributed to a soldier who fought at Gettysburg. Amazingly, it is accompanied by Private, later 'Principal Musician' W, Beriah Chandler's leggings, leather gaiters - even his sky-blue canteen and Drum Major's baton.

W. Beriah Chandler enlisted at Whitestown, New York on October 6, 1862 for the duration of the war, leaving service after the war as a 2nd Lieutenant. He was a member of the 146th New York Infantry, the Garrard's Tigers under the command of West Point graduate Colonel Kenner Garrard. The regiment would first be assigned to the defenses of Washington, DC but would soon see battle at Fredericksburg and then Chancellorsville. However, important to this uniform, Colonel Garrard had succeeded in obtaining new Zouave uniforms for his soldiers, including Beriah Chandler, just before the most important battle of the Civil War - Gettysburg.

According to historical evidence of the delivery of the unit's uniforms, W. Beriah Chandler was issued this Zouave uniform on June 3, 1863, just one month before he would see battle at Gettysburg. Manufactured at the famed Schuylkill Arsenal, Colonel Garrard made several trips to check on the progress of the uniforms' manufacture before their delivery. Designed according to the Turcos pattern of the French Army, unlike the traditional Zouave designs, these uniforms would have yellow piping, lace and edge work, making them even more distinctive and rare.

This uniform, as were the entire Schuylkill Arsenal uniforms made for the 146th New York, were entirely hand-sewn. The sky-blue jacket and ballooned chasseur-style pants are made from twilled wool. The jacket is a six-piece design with two-piece sleeves and is lined with jean material. A beautiful yellow ½" lace trim accents the jacket's border and on the front on the typical Zouave pattern. The back of the jacket is double-vented. A chevron is applied on each lower sleeve and intersects the sleeve just above the second of the three small eagle functioning cuff buttons that are on each sleeve. There is a Schuylkill Arsenal stencil inside the right sleeve and the jacket fastens at the front top with a looped and braided blue cord with a pin. The jacket is in overall excellent condition.

The most striking features of the jacket are the 'Principal Musician' insignias with three arcs over three inverted chevrons with a central five-pointed star made from gold braid that are sewn to each sleeve. Chandler would have had these applied to his uniform after the Battle of Gettysburg since he was promoted to Principal Musician on July 31, 1864 after his unit participated at the Mine Explosion during the Siege of Petersburg.

The chasseur trousers are unique to this Zouave unit as well. These blue wool trousers are untrimmed and have a wider waistband than other Zouave pants. There are 7" long pockets on each side and the pants have a six-button front with two buttons missing.

At the rear of the trousers there is a buckle used to adjust the fit at the waist. The trousers have a baggy appearance and have small buttons that function at the bottom of the pant leg. There is a watch pocket at the top right waist where the front of the pants are gathered. The overall condition of the pants is good with some holes midway down the front and at the seat. There is also a Schuylkill Arsenal stencil inside the pants at the back center as well.

The accompanying fez and tassel are wool as well and are a departure from the Turcos design in that Colonel Garrard had them made with a yellow tassel instead of the Turcos blue. The fez is made of fine red wool with a fine gold cloth trim while the tassel is of heavy wool yard and a macramé-capped acorn.

The red sash is made of red light wool and is approximately 11" wide allowing for shrinkage. It is approximately 103" long and has a hand-stitched yellow piping along the border on one side and is in excellent condition. An additional, narrower 5" sash approximately 90"long, including the long tassels, is included and was worn over the wider sash. This sash has several tears toward one end and is slightly faded from its original redder tone.

It is even more rare that the leggings and gaiters are present to complete this rare grouping of a Zouave uniform. In the uniform of Private, later Principal Musician Chandler we have the complete set of leather leggings that were worn to protect the leg above the ankle toward the knee. While they have obviously seen much use, the buckles and even the lacings are still present.

The heavy cloth white gaiters that were worn under the leggings are completely intact with the buttons complete on the inside as well as the bottom arch support buttons.

Chandler would have certainly worn this uniform as he led the musicians in their cadence and music that the 146th New York would hear at drill, marching into combat, even as the musicians would play patriotic music to intimidate the enemy, often picking up weapons when the fighting came close at hand. But duty as a musician was no easy task during the Civil War. The hard fighting units such as the Zouaves, the cavalry units under General George Armstrong Custer and General Philip Sheridan all had fighting musicians who played inspirational music on the front lines. Indeed, General Custer demanded a mounted band in his 7th Cavalry after the war.

In that sense, Chandler would see his share of action, especially at Gettysburg on July 2, 1863. The 146th New York Infantry would be under General Weed's brigade that day as they charged up Little Round Top. As Weed was killed, the regiment was part of the first troops to reach and hold 'Round Top Ridge'. Colonel Garrard would be promoted to Brigadier General for his and his unit's bravery that day. From that engagement we not only have Chandler's uniform but his canteen as well.

Owned and carried by Chandler, this Hadden, Porter and Booth Model 1858 canteen was manufactured in Philadelphia. It has its original sky-blue wool cloth covering and heavy white strap. The cork has been replaced and there is a 4" tear of the cloth on one side at the bottom left. There is only slight rusting underneath the cloth, otherwise, this canteen is in excellent condition.

As a the leader of the musicians in his unit, Chandler would play a ceremonial role as well, leading the band in ceremonies, particularly in parades whenever the occasion arose. One such event was the Grand Review "Victory Parade" at Washington, DC just after the war on May 23, 1865. From this service in the Civil War we have Chandler's Drum Major baton. At a full four feet in length, this wooden and brass baton is wrapped in blue and white woolen cording and has a 7 ½" massive brass cap. This heavy brass globular device measures 13" in diameter and has seen much field wear. Engraved in a foliate design, it has many dents and scratches and tapers to the wooden staff where it is attached with two screws. A 1" brass cap is attached to the bottom of the baton.

This is an amazing archive from a Zouave soldier in the Civil War. Not only is the uniform complete, in excellent condition, but also is attributed to a specific soldier who fought at Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg and later marched proudly in the Grand Review at the close of the war. The fact that we have the accouterments of his canteen and Drum Major's baton make this an especially rare and historic collection.

Provenance: Direct Descent From the Chandler Family

Authentication: Les Jensen

Union Private Joab Bishop's "Bummer's Cap" of the 23rd Missouri, Photograph, Diary and Notebooks from the Civil War Joab Bishop was born February 12, 1832 in Missouri and joined the 23rd Missouri Infantry of the Union Army on August 4, 1862. The 23rd Missouri would be battle hardened as they had seen action at the Battle of Shiloh before Bishop joined them. He would see his share of combat in the Atlanta Campaign, seeing service at Peachtree Creek. He died during the Siege of Atlanta on August 13, 1864, most likely wearing this cap.

This bummer's cap belonged to Private Bishop, sent home from the war along with the accompanying personal items shown here. Made of fine blue cloth, the cap is in overall good condition. This type of Union Army cap was used extensively during the Civil War but few have survived in this condition. There is a slight break in the stitching at the rear. The 1½" leather band is intact and still pliable. The leather visor shows no breaks or tears and the chinstrap of the cap is missing but the lining on the inside of the cap is in very good condition. The two small Federal eagle buttons have come off the cap but have been saved by the family along with two gold plated watch fobs and a buckle.

Accompanying this archive of Private Bishop is a ¼ plate ambrotype of Private Bishop in uniform. Seated for his portrait, Private Bishop is pictured in his Union private's uniform, the buttons of which have been hand-tinted by the photographer. His cheeks have also been tinted. The frame outlining the photograph is in good condition but the two-piece, leather frame has come apart at the binding.

Along with Private Bishop's bummer's cap and photograph, there are two handwritten journals and two books that were the property of the soldier. The first volume of the two books is a 3" x 4 ½" paper bound book of soldier's hymns and prayers in poor condition, but still held together by its string threading at the binding. Handwritten in pencil inside the rear cover are the words "Joab Bishop, Co. D 23rd Mo.."

The second book is a 3¼" x 5" Constitution of the U. S., Declaration of Independence and Washington's Farewell Address, linen bound with the title stamped in gold on the cover. Inside the rear cover is the inscription in ink, "Carondelet, St. Louis County, Missouri, March the 26th A. D. 1863, 23rd Reg. Mo Vol. Co. D.", and an indication that he purchased the book on that date and at that place. The words are repeated inside the front cover by another hand in pencil prefaced by the words "Joab Bishop, his book..." This book was common to schoolhouses of the period and patriotic soldiers took many to war, symbolic of their devotion to the Union.

In the first of the two handwritten journals is a leather bound book approximately 3¼" x 5". It is essentially a journal containing the genealogy of the Bishop family through the 1960's. Private Bishop's death is noted in 1864 and there is a notation that "his remains are at Atlanta, Georgia". Bishop's marriages and births of children are also noted as well as what appears to be a household inventory.

The second handwritten journal is Private Bishop's wartime diary of his service with the 23rd Missouri Infantry. The small, leather 2½" x 4" soldier's diary is written in pencil and in ink and begins with his enlistment in 1862. He notes his travels with the regiment and gives accounts of the 'skirmishes' in which his unit takes part. Most frequently he writes of everything from throwing up breastworks, to driving cattle to turning in the soldiers' weapons for new ones. He also writes of battle, especially during the Atlanta Campaign where his last entry is on August 8, 1864 when he notes he "went to hosp." (hospital) with the word 'hospital' underlined. Private Bishop would die five days later. At the rear of the diary, in reverse order and upside down, the Private had been making notations of the monies he had expended while in the service of the Union Army. Remarkably, he writes that on June 17, 1863 he purchased a hat for $1.99. His last purchase noted before he died was "near Atlanta, Georgia, July 13, 1864 - 2 shirts".

Included with this archive is a handwritten letter from Private Joab Bishop to his wife Roda and son Stephen. Dated July 22, 1863 as Private Bishop was with his regiment in Rolla, Missouri, he writes of the news of the war he has read through the newspapers. He mentions his father, a preacher back home, and Bishop's belief that the war will be over soon since he has read of the fall of Vicksburg and of Confederate losses at Helena, Arkansas. He also mentions that "the Union men has run old Morgan down and captured nearly all his force", referring to the capture of Confederate raider Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan's force just a few days earlier.

This is a remarkable archive of material on a Union soldier that not only includes Bishop's bummer's cap and photograph, but also his personal diary that give his accounts of the war.

A Union General's Frock Coat With Dress Epaulets and Hand-Sewn Stars Underneath This striking Union general's double-breasted frock coat conforms to the 1861 uniform regulations for a general's uniform in every way. This coat shows field wear on the coat overall as well as at the collar. Made of a dark blue wool with dark trim, it has two rows of 8 staff officer's buttons down the front with three smaller buttons on each cuff. There are four buttons at the center vent at the back. The coat measures 36" down the front from the neck to the bottom of the unseamed, rough-cut bottom and 40" at the back. The sleeves measure 24" at the outside.

The frock coat comes with brigadier general's dress epaulets with the gold bullion coils, fine gold silk thread small federal eagle button, and a single gold bullion star. A single star is sewn onto the coat under the epaulets, a common practice on the battlefield to minimize visibility by enemy sharpshooters. The coat has the typical dark green lining and unusual blue-striped lining.

This is a fine and elaborate example of a Civil War brigadier general's officer uniform, perfect as a display piece and in very good condition.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Union New York Artillery 2nd Lieutenant's Uniform This single-breasted Union Artillery 2nd Lieutenant's frock coat with New York eagle "Excelsior" buttons, made by Hortsmann Brothers and Allen of New York, is made of very fine dark blue broadcloth, well-constructed with a six-panel pattern. Nine buttons down the front are accentuated by three smaller buttons on each cuff of the 20½" sleeves. Each of the buttons bears the New York state militia seal surmounted by an eagle encircled by 13 stars.

The collar of this frock coat is of the low variety with a small matching button on either side. On each shoulder of the coat are the red, gold-braided Smith's patent shoulder straps indicative of an artillery 2nd Lieutenant. The back of the coat incorporates the conventional design with a center vent and four large matching buttons. The lining is of fine cloth in a green-hued windowpane pattern and two vest pockets. Sleeve linings are made of a more coarse white cloth with green stripes that match the green of the coat lining. The coat is in overall excellent condition with some of the gold braiding pulled loose from the right shoulder strap.

Solid Silver Federal Sword Belt Plate With Attachments In Presentation Box A magnificent silver set consisting of an M1851 sword belt plate with keeper, two belt studs, an adjuster, two "O" rings, two snap-on sword hangers and a sword hook. A far cry from standard issue sword belt set furniture, these beautiful items finely crafted with extra embellishments that go far beyond their utility. Even the studs and rings have been engraved with scrolled foliate designs. Marketed by military outfitters Schuyler, Hartley and Graham, New York, the collection is possibly a salesman's sample and is housed in a custom 9" x 2.75" x 4.5" velvet-lined lacquered black box decorated with ivory. Complete with its original latch and key. The silver items are in excellent condition. A remarkable U.S. Army officer's sword belt set.

Provenance: Ken Ferreo, The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum.

Captain Edgar Hinkley, 10th New York Cavalry; Gettysburg, Appomattox - His Spurs, Belt Buckle and Shoulder Straps Edgar Hinkley was a captain in the 10th New York Cavalry which saw action at such notable battles as Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Cold Harbor, Yellow Tavern, Five Forks, and Sayler's Creek. His unit was also present at the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House. Captain Hinkley was captain of Company H at Gettysburg as his men fought at Brinkerhoff's Ridge against the 2nd Virginia Infantry.

This grouping includes Hinkley's ornate and distinctive spurs with the extension and rowel in the form of a chimera and a sunburst rowel. The chimera, a mythological beast with the head of a lion and wings of an eagle retains most of its gilt while the highly engraved rowel is dark silver. Continuing the contrast of the dark silver to the gilt are the foliate, raised detail work over the lower edge of the wings and around the side of the spurs. While the outside of the spurs retain most of their gilt, the inside shows much boot wear from use. They are cased in a Schuyler, Hartley and Graham case.

Also included are Captain Hinkley's shoulder boards from his uniform. With the yellow coloring of the cavalry unit having almost completely faded between his two captain's bars of the straps, the gold braid work has faded and has been soiled as well.

Captain Hinkley's brass Union belt buckle has also survived the war and is included with this grouping. The federal eagle is still proudly spreading its wings under the E. Pluribus Unum motto, however the buckle has shown much wear, particularly at the shield at the center of the eagle.

This is a remarkable set of historical items from a Captain who fought throughout the war, seeing action at Gettysburg and witnessing the end of the war at Appomattox.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Remarkable Pair of Sterling Silver Tiffany Spurs Owned by Colonel Newton B. Lord of the 35th New York Infantry Colonel Newton B. Lord rose to the rank of Colonel in the United States Army during the Civil War, apparently with much admiration from his men. This pair of sterling silver Tiffany and Company spurs bear the engraving, "Presented to Col. N. B. Lord by the enlisted men of the 35th N.Y.V."

At the outbreak of the war Newton B. Lord was a foundryman at Jefferson County, New York. Receiving permission to raise a militia company called the Jefferson Grays, he led them as their captain in May 1861. Upon the organization of a regiment designated as the 35th New York Volunteers, he was promoted to colonel on August 2, 1861. Colonel Lord went on to lead his men at Binn's Hill near Falls Church, Virginia, Antietam and at Fredericksburg. It was surely during this time frame that he was presented these Tiffany sterling silver spurs as he was transferred to the 20th New York Volunteer Cavalry shortly thereafter.

These heavy and ornate spurs are each marked "Tiffany & Co." and "sterling" on the inside near the heel of the spur. Incorporating a foliate design on each side of the spurs, the rowels of each spur are very sharp and are 12-pointed for maximum efficiency in the field. The original leather straps have been preserved and are pliable with one strap broken near the buckle. The silver buckles are of a foliate design as well. The entire grouping is enclosed in its blue silk and velvet-lined mahogany presentation box. The lid of the box bears a silver shield device which has not been engraved. The brass hardware is intact and original.

These are a beautiful set of officer's spurs, sterling silver and made by the famous jewelers and silversmiths Tiffany Company, New York, presented to a Union colonel by his men.

Provenance: Norman Flayderman, The Tharpe Collection of American Military History.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum. *****

A Gold and Enamel 27th Massachusetts Volunteers Medal This is a beautiful and interesting medal in excellent condition. Made of gold and decorated with white and red enamel, the medal is unique in that it incorporates designations of multiple units within the composition of the medal. Made for a soldier of the 27th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, it commemorates the unit that saw service at Petersburg and Cold Harbor and lost 9 officers and 128 enlisted men during the course of the Civil War.

Measuring 1¼" x 2¼", the upper pin-backed shield of the medal is white enamel with a gold cannon and anchor motif, nicely engraved as well. This is the badge of the US Army's 9th Corps. The pendant device attached below the shield is in the form of a cross fleury, the symbol of the 18th Corps with an enameled central red star, the designation of the 1st Division.

The four stations of the cross are engraved clockwise with the words, "27th, Mass., Vols., Regt." This is a beautiful, unique and intricately engraved medal from the 27th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War.

Provenance: The John Ford Collection, The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Beautiful Gold Soldier's Medal of the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry - Gettysburg This gold soldier's pendant of the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry Volunteers is finely crafted of solid gold, the reverse finely engraved with the battles in which the unit fought. Organized at Philadelphia in July and August of 1861, the unit saw duty at the defense of Washington, DC but soon saw action at Yorktown, Williamsburg and Seven Pines. They went on to the Battle of Antietam and Fredericksburg and then to Chancellorsville.

But it may be for their action at Gettysburg that the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry is most remembered. Fighting in General John Buford's 1st Division, the unit saw much action fighting with Custer in repulsing the Confederate cavalry led by General J.E.B. Stuart. Captain William E. Miller of the unit was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his actions at Gettysburg.

This soldier's medal from the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry measures approximately 1" across, has foliate engraving around its Maltese cross borders and is in superb condition. The loop attachment is still at the top of the medal as well.

Provenance: Norm Flayderman, The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Gold Presentation Medal for Civil War Recruitment As the Civil War seemed imminent, state militias began recruiting young men in case they were needed for service in the United States armed forces. They had no idea of how many men they would ultimately need to fight the nation's bloodiest conflict.

This large gold medal in the shape of a shield is a recruiting award to a Sergeant William M. Baldwin. Measuring 1½" x 2½", it was presented to him by Major William Nary on May 10, 1860 by the 'Franklin Guard' for "his superior exertions in recruiting the company". Engraved on both sides with jeweler's quality script the shield is surmounted by a highly intricate eagle with its wings spread. The loop at the top for a necklace to be attached is in perfect condition as is the entire pendant, obviously treasured by someone for over 160 years.

This is a beautiful large gold medal that is a reminder of the lead-up to the Civil War.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Silver Soldier's Medal - Sergeant Charles F. Browne - Gettysburg Charles F. Browne was a sergeant with the 1st Regiment of Massachusetts Infantry. Organized at Boston on May 23, 1861, the regiment fought at Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville. As this silver soldier's pendant clearly shows, they also saw action at the Battle of Gettysburg. This large 1¾" pendant is highly engraved on one side with Sergeant Browne's name and his unit designation. The location of the regiment's formation, 'Boston', is also engraved on the same side. In the middle of the medal are the major battles, including Gettysburg, at which the regiment fought.

On the reverse of the pendant Union generals' names are engraved. McClellan, Pope, Burnside, and Meade appear at the four sides with 'Hooker' inside the border of the engraving at the top near the attachment loop. Under Hooker is ornate engraving interspersed between the words 'Corps', 'Division' and 'Brigade' in progressively small script denoting the smaller size of the units. In the center of the pendant on this side is a small, decorative foliate engraving with two railroad cars engraved between the words 'Division' and 'Brigade.

This is a beautiful and unusual engraved Civil War silver medal in excellent condition.

Provenance: Norm Flayderman, The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Pair of Brass Tiffany Marked Spurs This is a pair of rare Tiffany spurs made of a simple design by the renowned New York jeweler during the Civil War. Tiffany made spurs for special clients and marked their products inside the spur at the inside near the front "Tiffany & Co. New York". With a sunburst rowel and a serrated edge below the spur, this attractive but simple design was a trademark of the jeweler's work. These brass spurs have seen much use and have a golden patina but are in sound condition.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Pair of Partial-Gilt Eagle-Head Spurs - Civil War These Civil War spurs are ornately made with eagle head designs holding the sunburst style rowels. They retain some of the original gilt, approximately 40%, with one of the spurs having its original strap complete. The other spur has a remnant which includes the buckle. Looking at the rowel of the spur, it can be seen that the eagle's head is actually the upturned head of an eagle; the wings of which are the sides of the spurs.

This is a pair of very attractive Civil War spurs with one of the complete straps attached.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

The Brass and Gilt Spurs of Union Colonel John C. Crane of the 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Colonel John C. Crane was assigned to the Quartermaster Corps from Missouri and served throughout the war coordinating supplies, particularly as transported by the railroads. He would encounter many grateful subordinate officers, thankful for the supplies he would deliver to them in order to ensure their survival and win the war.
These gilt brass spurs were presented by one such officer, Lieutenant Colonel Levi P. Wright of the 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. The 1st Massachusetts fought at Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor and the assault on Petersburg and was within two miles of Appomattox Court House when General Robert E. Lee surrendered.
The brass and gilt spurs are made in the form of a spread-winged eagle and measure approximately 5" in length. The eagle holds the starburst rowel in its beak as the wings form the sides of the spur. Both sides of each spur are engraved with the left sides bearing the inscription, 'From Lt. Col. L. I. Wright, 1st Mass. H. Arty.' while the right sides of the spurs have the dedication, 'To Col. J. C. Crane' with a starburst engraving underneath. This is a beautiful pair of spurs dedicated to a commander from an appreciative subordinate.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Very Rare Civil War Union Army Staff Officer's Silk and Leather Belt and Cartridge Box This is a very rare surviving silk, brass, and leather Civil War staff officer's belt and cartridge box. In remarkably good condition, this belt retains the lion's head device and chains that are connected to the heavy federal shield, replete with the E. Pluribus Unum motto, both made of heavy gilt brass. The heavy patent leather cartridge box is trimmed in thick brass and boasts a Federal eagle on the front made of heavy brass with some gilt present. The connecting strap that secures the flap of the box is missing.

This staff officer's dress belt and cartridge box is illustrated in Schuyler, Hartley and Graham's Arms and Military Goods Regulations for the Uniform of the Army, Navy, Marine and Revenue Corps, published in 1864 (plate Number 51). This was a standard reference for authorized Union military uniforms, weapons and insignia during the Civil War. The leather of this belt is very pliable; some cracking on the cartridge box with the brass in very good condition. This is a remarkable chance to obtain a rare staff officer's accoutrement from the Civil War.

Model 1840 Cavalry Saber Wtih Scabbard, 1st Maine Cavalry 1861 This import wrist-breaker cavalry saber is stamped for the 1st Maine Cavalry. The blade is 36 1/8" and has a secondary fuller; the overall length of the sword is 41¼." The right side of the blade, at the ricasso, is die stamped "US/ADK/1861;" the left side ricasso is stamped "1/Me./CAV;" the "V" is very faintly stamped. The grip of the sword has its original leather and twisted wire warp, and very little wear shows on the leather. The sword has a beautiful patina and a bright, shiny blade and scabbard. Overall the condition of the saber is excellent. The uniqueness of this sword is that it is an 1840 Model cavalry saber special ordered to outfit the 1st Maine Cavalry and is marked and date stamped 1861. The First Maine suffered more casualties than any other troop, North or South, in the war.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

General Robert Cowdin's Civil War Presentation Cavalry Saber This Schuyler, Hartley and Graham presentation sword was given to Brigadier General Robert Cowdin on January 1, 1863 by his staff. This sword has an elaborate guard and grip with a blade and scabbard that are equally impressive.

Robert Cowdin was born in Jamaica, Vermont on September 8, 1805 and moved to Massachusetts at the age of twenty. Already a member of the state militia at the outbreak of the Civil War, he was named Colonel of the 1st Massachusetts Infantry as the war began. He led his regiment at the Battle of First Bull Run, Williamsburg, and at Chantilly. He was appointed brigadier general just three months before this sword was presented to him by his staff as he served at the defenses of Washington, DC.

This ornate saber has a 36" curved blade with fine scroll etching on each side. On the obverse appears 'US' between the foliate etching while on the reverse, a spread-winged eagle with a ribbon bearing the words 'E. Pluribus Unum' above its head are nicely done. At the ricasso the maker's mark of "Schuyler Hartley & Graham" is etched while on the mark of "W. Caluberg Solingen" the maker of the blade is stamped. Schuyler used only the finest blades and advertised many different styles of engraving and blades.

The grip of the sword is very decorative being made of silver bands with a shamrock design etching with narrow brass and gilt etched bands. The guard is of three curved, highly gilded bars curved to the pommel. The inside and the outside of the guard are highly engraved in a floral pattern terminating at the tang with a cherubic device. Atop the grip under the pommel is a large bearded medallion device nicely gilded as well.

The metal scabbard is decorated at the throat with a gilded and intricately engraved band above two large gold medallions at 4" and 12" down the scabbard. The drag is also very ornamental extended 6" from the end of the scabbard. Highly etched, this part of the sword and scabbard shows the most loss of the gilt as it has seen much use. Between the two medallions on the scabbard is the inscription to General Cowdin as follows:

Presented to
Brig. Gen. Robt. Cowdin
By His Staff
Jany 1st 1863

This is an overall very attractive presentation sword and scabbard given to a brigadier general during the Civil War.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

An Ornate Silver and Gold Presentation Sword, Lieutenant George Henry Wing This highly gilded and silver sword was presented to Lieutenant George Henry Wing of the 14th New York heavy Artillery, Company L, on April 14, 1864. It has a highly gilded blade and scabbard mounts and was specially made by Schuyler, Hartley and Graham of Philadelphia. Schuyler was famous for its fine presentation swords to which they would go to any length of gilding and use of silver.

This is one of the best examples of their craftsmanship, one of their "Rich Presentation" grade swords. The 32" blade is intricately etched and gilded 13" up the double fuller on both sides. The obverse of the blade starts with the standing knight Clauberg Solingen blade maker's mark above which is etched a foliate pattern under an elaborate stand of colors and crossed cannon. Further up the blade is an eagle, spread-winged with the 'E. Pluribus Unum' ribbon in its beak. Following another foliate patter is another stand of arms. All areas up the fuller outside the etching are coated in gold. The etching and gold work extend over the top of the sword to the reverse.

The reverse has a stand of colors starting at the ricasso followed by the foliate device. An elaborate artillery scene with six soldiers and cannon ready for battle is centered around an oval depicting a female warrior with the word 'Eureka' at the top of the oval. Another etched foliate pattern separates the final 'U. S.' etching at the end of the fuller. The remainder of the blade is not etched and retains a mirror finish. The leather washer is still intact.

The foliate openwork of the guard has lost most of its original gilding as has the knucklebow which leads to an ornately carved pommel and pommel cap which has a large oval shell-like device. The 4" grip is made of silver and has been worked into an interesting ribbed design with quarter-moon shapes separated by disks, all silver.

The scabbard is of heavy steel and has heavily carved mounts and mount rings that retain about 30% of their original gilding as does the drag. The gilded throat cap surmounts the first mount of the two 4½" mounts which are engraved on one side and are identical. The heavy foliate pattern is broken by the mount rings which have a holly leaf and berry carving. The elaborate drag extends 6½" from the end of the sword. It bears the same style engraving as the mounts and is engraved on one side as well. The scabbard is inscribed between the two mounts as follows:

Presented to
Lieut. George Henry Wing
by the Members of Co. L
14th Reg.
Artillery N.Y.S.V.
Willet's Point, New York Harbor, April 14, 1864

Lieutenant George Henry Wing obviously handled this sword regularly as witnessed by the heavy use of the grip. Fortunately the blade has been preserved at approximately 90% of its original gilding.

The 14th New York Heavy Artillery was formed in January 1864 and for a time were stationed at harbor duty in New York as noted in the dedication of the sword, The unit would see much action however through the rest of the war: at the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, taking part in the Siege of Petersburg, including the Mine Explosion; and participating in the Grand Review 'Victory Parade' at the close of the war.

This is beautiful sword carried by a young lieutenant through some of the most famous battles of the Civil War.

Captain Charles Strickland 20th Maine Presentation Sword - Battle of Gettysburg. Captain Charles Strickland of the 20th Maine Infantry was presented this ornate field officer's sword on August 30, 1862 for a wound received while rendering services during the Peninsular Campaign in Virginia. This unit was one of the most famous of the Civil War, fighting at Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg. Led by Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, the unit has been memorialized in books and film for their exploits in holding off the Confederate assault and eventually charging into the 15th Alabama to take the day.

This sword presented to Captain Strickland was made in New York by James P. Fitch and measures 32" in length. Starting at the ricasso with an engraved sunrise design, this blade is elaborately etched through the 22" fuller with the 'U.S.' appearing 6" from the ricasso. On the reverse, working up from the maker's mark at the ricasso, the same elaborate floral etching appears with a spread-winged eagle at 6" up the blade just below a ribbon with 'E. Pluribus Unum'. Further up the blade are a stand of arms below an American flag.

The hilt consists of a carved silver and twisted wire ornate grip capped by a pommel engraved with a floral design. The guard has a tightly carved floral design throughout extending to the quillon that terminates in a scroll pattern. The hilt retains approximately 30% of its original gilt.

The metal and leather scabbard has an ornate throat that extends over 4" down the scabbard. Retaining about 80% of its original gilt, it is in the form of a federal eagle with wings spread, a shield at its center with the 'E. Pluribus Unum' ribbon in its mouth in front of a field of stars surmounted by a sunburst. Below the eagle is a laurel wreath. On the reverse of the throat there is elaborate engraving scrollwork which is bisected by a laurel wreath through the attachment screw fits as well as the upper ring.

Down the leather part of the scabbard about 5" is the second ring attached to a 3½" gilt metal mount which is highly engraved front and back. On the front is the silver presentation shield onto which is engraved the following:

Presented
To
Capt. Chas. Strickland
By the
Members of Co. K
20 Me. Regt.
Aug 30
1862

The gilt drag of the scabbard extends a full 6" from the end of the scabbard and bears equally fine engraving. It retains approximately 30% of its original gilt.

This is a rare field officer's presentations sword given to a young captain at the start of the war who was part of one of the most famous units of the Civil War.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum *****

A Very Rare and Ornate Silver Tiffany Presentation Civil War Sword - Captain W. A. Treadwell, 14th New York Heavy Artillery - Battles of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, The Grand Review This extraordinary, magnificent silver Tiffany sword was presented to Captain William A. Treadwell of the 14th New York Heavy Artillery, a unit that would see service at major battles of the Civil War. A masterpiece crafted by the premier designer Louis Comfort Tiffany, it is also an important historical jewel owned by a captain in a unit that saw some of the heaviest fighting in the war.

Captain William A. Treadwell was appointed captain of the 14th New York Heavy Artillery in September 1863 and saw duty at the Battle of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, the Siege and Mine Explosion at Petersburg and in the Appomattox Campaign. This sword would have accompanied him at the Grand Review 'Victory Parade' at the close of the war in Washington, DC.

The sword hilt and scabbard are constructed of sterling silver. The obverse of the blade is marked by the blade's maker "Collins & Co. Hartford Conn." at the ricasso below elaborate scrollwork inside which appears the engraved "Tiffany & Co. N.Y.", mark of the New York jeweler that crafted this magnificent silver work. Continuing up the 35" blade and 26" double fuller, is an engraving of a soldier, sword in hand surmounted by additional elaborate scrollwork that continues a full 20" up the blade. A "U. S." separated by scrollwork is engraved at the midpoint of the designs.

On the reverse at the ricasso is the date "1861" followed by scroll engraving up the blade 4" to an engraved image of a cavalry officer. Above the cavalier is additional scroll engraving among a stand of arms surmounted by floral and foliate scrollwork. A scalloped red felt washer is at the ricasso.

Perhaps the most striking work on the sword is Tiffany's treatment of the hilt, especially the guard. The guard is an elaborately engraved basket-style guard with tightly carved openwork topped by a federal eagle with arrows in each of its claws, a shield at its breast. Hoop-shaped etching trims the entire guard terminating at the pommel with a massive Medusa-headed cap. Opposite is an open-mouthed panther head at the quillon, its tongue toward the top of the ricasso. The grip is sterling silver with banding and an engraved backstrap with a foliate design.

The scabbard of this sword is marked at the throat with Tiffany's cartouche and the "925.1000" number signifying sterling silver. The mounts are elaborate oak leaf devices finished with a large bow at the rings. Between the two mounts appears the following engraving:

Presented in behalf of
Company "G" 14th Regt. NYHA
TO
Capt. W. A. Treadwell
Below the dedication is inscribed "Vera amicitia est sempiterna", translated from the Latin meaning 'true friendship is eternal'.

The drag of the scabbard is engraved on the opposite side with an oak leaf pattern topped by an inverted chevron. The tip of the drag is scalloped and engraved as well.

A scabbard very similar to this Tiffany example may be found in John H. Thillman's book Civil War Cavalry and Artillery Sabers (page 423).

This is a remarkable, singularly important Civil War officer's sword from the famous The Sword of General Philip Sheridan Presented to Thomas Donaldson, of The Smithsonian Institution General Philip Henry Sheridan was one of the most famous commanders of the Civil War. This presentation sword was presented to Thomas Donaldson in 1887, a good friend of Sheridan's who was an collector of American historical artifacts.
An 1853 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, Sheridan served in the 1st United States Infantry Regiment and took part in Indian fighting receiving a minor wound near Portland, Oregon. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was already a seasoned warrior who quickly rose through the ranks to lead the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac under his friend General Ulysses S. Grant. Sheridan was instrumental in blocking General Robert E. Lee's escape and forcing his surrender at Appomattox Court House.
This imported sword owned by General Sheridan early in his career was manufactured by David Wilhelm Walscheid of Germany, a popular maker of this ornate version of the 1850 regulation foot officer's sword which were widely imported during the early days of the Civil War (Echoes of Glory, Time-Life, pg. 74). Sheridan would be active in the United States Army after the Civil War including fighting in the Indian Wars where he was promoted to Lieutenant General. President Grant sent Sheridan to observe the Franco-Prussian War where Sheridan toured Europe, returning to report to Grant. In 1886 Sheridan was named as president of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, a military order that dated back to the Civil War composed of almost every military officer of note. Modeled on the Society of the Cincinnati, membership was later opened up to descendants of such officers.
It was on that ceremonial occasion that we learn that Sheridan was a close friend of Thomas Corwin Donaldson, a former Civil War officer and personal friend of President Rutherford B. Hayes. Donaldson writes extensively in his memoirs of the induction of Sheridan as Commander of the Loyal Legion at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. As Donaldson witnessed the event, former President Hayes was present and handed the ivory gavel of Commander to Sheridan. Afterwards, the group walked to the local chapter of the Loyal Legion where they viewed a copy of the famous painting Sheridan's Ride to Winchester whereupon Hayes remarked, "Get me a copy of this lithograph; I am one of the few men that saw this ride."
It was shortly after this event that Sheridan presented this sword to Thomas Donaldson. Engraved at the ornate spread-eagle guard, Philip H. Sheridan, Lieut. Genl. to Thomas Donaldson. Feb. 24th 1887 In his memoirs, Donaldson later writes of how Sheridan gave him a full recollection of the ride at Winchester on a later occasion, most certainly the date of this presentation.
Thomas Donaldson was a major collector for the Smithsonian Institution but also amassed an enormous personal collection of historical objects ranging from President Abraham Lincoln's furniture, an original copy of the 13th Amendment signed by President Lincoln, General Grant's 'unconditional surrender' letter and this sword given to him personally by Lieutenant General Philip Sheridan. It is listed in the Memoirs of Thomas Donaldson as edited by Watt P. Marchman which is housed at the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center in Fremont, Ohio.
The 1850 Regulation foot officer's sword is an ornate version made and imported by Walscheid for the U. S market at the beginning of the Civil War with a 33" Solingen blade. Along the 19 1/2" fuller there appears foliate engraving with the federal eagle clutching a ribbon bearing the inscription 'E. Pluribus Unum'. At the ricasso is the brass round insert with the word 'proved'. On the reverse is the maker's mark at the ricasso with foliate engraving extending up the fuller interspersed by the engraved 'U. S.' The brass guard has openwork in the form a spread-winged eagle over a "US" and is surmounted by the inscription "E. Pluribus". A ribbon at the top of the guard bears the engraved dedication from Sheridan to Donaldson. The rayskin grip is bound by twisted brass wire and overall the sword is in very good condition with a nice dark patina throughout.
This is a remarkable, singularly important Civil War officer's sword from the famous New York jewelers and artisans Tiffany and Company. Historically important in that it was carried by an officer that fought through some of the most important engagements of the Civil War, it is in remarkable condition with only some light pitting along the blade. It is truly a masterpiece of Tiffany silver.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum*****

The Sword of Sergeant Francis Burt, 10th Connecticut Infantry - Battery Wagner This 32" non-commissioned officer's sword made by Collins and Company of Hartford, Connecticut was owned and carried by Sergeant Francis E. Burt of the 10th Connecticut Infantry. It is engraved 'Sergt. F. E. Burt 10th Reg. Ct. Inf.' in plain text on the solid brass 3" guard. The 5" banded brass grip is complemented by a single brass knuckle-bow, pommel cap and quillon. With the blade marked 'Collins & Co. Hartford, Conn. 1862' at the ricasso, the fuller extends nearly the entire length of the blade.
We know quite a lot about this sword's owner, Sergeant Francis E. Burt. Born on December 29, 1836 in Ridgefield, Connecticut, he mustered into the 10th Connecticut Infantry on September 30, 1861. The 25 year-old would take part in 40 battles during the CIvil War including Roanoke Island and New Bern when he was promoted to corporal and then sergeant, the occasion of the presentation of this field-engraved non-commissioned officer's sword. Burt would brave his greatest gunfire at Battery Wagner on July 18, 1863. It was there that Sergeant Burt's 10th Connecticut fought with the legendary 54th Colored Regiment that was annihilated as they assaulted the fort.
Sergeant Burt would serve throughout the war fighting at Saint Augustine, Florida, New Market and at the Battle of Darbytown where he was wounded. He was promoted to first lieutenant of Company C and later fought at Hatcher's Run and was present at the surrender at Appomattox.
This sword comes with its original leather scabbard which has a brass throat with brass frog and drag. Amazingly, this sword and scabbard comes with its 2" leather shoulder belt complete with brass eagle breastplate. This is truly a remarkable grouping with significant historical importance. It comes with a binder of extensive research concerning Burt and his regiment.*****

General Ulysses S. Grant's Civil War Presentation Sword as "General in Chief of the United States Army 1864". A "Magnificent Sword For General Grant!" read the headline in the Richmond Examiner on April 16, 1864. "The Most Beautiful And Costly Sword Yet Manufactured In This Country" proclaimed the St. Louis Dispatch. Truly a national treasure, this silver and gold jeweled presentation sword owned by General Ulysses S. Grant is one-of-a-kind, the only such example of precious craftsmanship and historical significance in private hands.

Presented to the future 18th president of the United States by the citizens of Kentucky who gave this token of their esteem to General Grant upon his promotion to "General in Chief of the Armies of the United States" in 1864, a major turning point in the Civil War. This was a historic event, as Grant was being elevated to the same level of command as only George Washington had ever achieved, prompting Kentucky patriots to raise money to purchase this unique and extremely valuable sword crafted by St. Louis silversmith and jeweler Henry Folsom.

Twenty-six mine cut diamonds compose Grant's monogram "U.S.G." set upon a large amethyst surmounted by a gold sunburst, the sword is crafted of pure silver and gold with the silver grip in the form of the goddess Victory. Over the goddess' head is an American eagle with wings spread. The sword is still in the magnificent original ivory mounted black japanned fitted presentation case. The 33-inch blade is intricately etched and engraved with battle scenes, which include a stand of arms, artillery firing, cavalry engagements as well as infantry scenes symbolizing Grant's command of the entire United States armed forces.

Grant was fresh from victories at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge and was brought in from the West by President Lincoln and Congress to win the war that had torn the nation apart for three long years. Within a year of Grant's promotion to General in Chief of the United States Armies the Confederate Army led by Robert E. Lee surrendered and the war was over. America was once again reunited. This was the highest rank ever achieved by any American since the Revolutionary War when George Washington was appointed General in Chief; a title shared by two men both of whom carried the fate of the country in their hands, and would both become great leaders after a war guiding our nation in a time of healing and rebuilding.

Provenance:
1. Ulysses S. Grant - 1864 (sword presented to him by citizens of Kentucky) - 1885 (his death)
2. Grant Family - 1885-1960s
3. Jay Altmeyer - 1960s-1989 (Altmeyer was a charter member of the American Society of Arms Collectors; the sword sold in 1989 for a then-world record price)
4. Donald Tharpe - 1989-present (Since 1989, the sword has been part of the Tharpe Collection of American Military History)
Exhibited:
Virginia War Memorial Museum, 1999
American Arms Collectors Semi-Annual Meeting (Best Single Weapon)
Greater Baltimore Antique Arms Collectors Show, 1995 (Best in Show)
The Liberty Heritage Society Musuem*****

Ulysses S. Grant's Boxed Set of Lieutenant General's Shoulder Insignia ca. 1864 Each strap measures 4" x 1.5" and rests in a custom dovetailed cherry wood box with an arched lid that has two hinges, 5.5" x 2.25" x 5". The shoulder straps each consist of a metal frame that gives shape to a black felt matrix upon which are sewn three silver bullion stars within a rectangular gold bullion border. The box's interior is lined with white silk while the lid's underside is covered with red fabric.

Overall, the insignia and the box are quite presentable. The straps' bullion elements are lightly soiled and tarnished from usage on his uniform. The stitching remains tight on both straps; however, the black silk undersides show evidence of use. A nice glossy finish with normal light scratches and scuffing. Both interior lining fabrics are worn with some fraying, yet completely cover wooden surfaces as intended.

The historical importance of this insignia cannot be overstated. Grant became the nation's very first "three-star" lieutenant general in March 1864 after Abraham Lincoln appointed him General-in-Chief of the U.S. Army. These are the only known Civil War period insignia for Grant while he was Lieutenant General. It was while holding this rank that U.S.Grant defeated Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, thus ensuring the Union's survival. These shoulder straps, then, date to those crucial months in which Grant's abilities and determination brought him everlasting fame as he saved the nation.

Provenance: Wolf Auctions (Cleveland, Ohio); Grant family; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Ulysses S. Grant Wartime CDV Signed "U.S. Grant Lt. Gen. U.S.A.." Anthony backmark. Although Grant here appears as a major general early in the war, this signature must date to March, 1864 or later given the rank he uses. The CDV has crisp corners and retains nice tonal contrasts. A very dark and bold signature. Very Fine condition.

An Oil Painting of General Ulysses S. Grant by Edward Dalton Marchant - (1806-1887) This oil portrait of General Ulysses S. Grant was done from life by the noted portraiture artist Edward Dalton Marchant. Shown as a lieutenant general, this must have been completed in March 1864 around the time that President Lincoln called for Marchant to the White House where Marchant completed a portrait of the president.

The half-length portrait of Grant in full dress uniform measures 14" x 17" and is in very good condition with slight crackling at Grant's forehead and light crackling in the gray background.. Grant stands beside an American flag with a scroll in his hand, his gold bullion dress epaulets in vivid contrast to the dark blue dress frock coat he wears.

Edward Dalton Marchant, a native of Edgartown, Massachusetts had a long and illustrious career due to his longevity and access to high-profile public figures, completing portraits from John Adams to Abraham Lincoln and other prominent Americans such as General Grant. He worked at Philadelphia, Boston, Washington, D.C., and New Jersey where he died in 1887.

The portrait is on its original stretcher and is in a period wood gilt frame which has slight chips at the left and top right. There is a nameplate at the bottom with Gen. Ulysses S. Grant by E. D. Marchant, 1806-1887. This is an important portrait by a noted artist during the Civil War. At the same time, Grant received his presentation sword featured in this auction.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhitibted: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Important Ulysses S. Grant Autograph Document Signed - "Surrender of the Army of Tennessee" "U.S. Grant Lt Gen", one page, 7.25" x 7.75", Washington, D.C., May 1, 1865. Writing from the "H Qrs. Armies of the United States", Lieutenant General Grant states here: "Authority is hereby granted J. L. Johnson and party of loyal refugees from western Va. and North Carolina to return to their homes by way of Charleston West Va. They will be allowed to take with them horses and such private property as they may be possessed of, and pistols for their protection on the road and at home. The party are all loyal and have taken the Oath of Allegiance." soiling with stain in lower left margins, smoothed folds. Very good condition. This travel pass, being personally penned by Grant, is a very rare document in of itself. Its historical significance rests in that it repeats the basic terms of surrender as dictated to the officers serving under Generals Lee and Johnston. Confederate officers below the rank of general were allowed to keep their horses and sidearms once they had given a parole and signed the "oath".

General Ulysses S. Grant's Original Manuscript Ulysses S. Grant dictated his memoirs and wrote them out himself only late in life as he was dying of throat cancer. This is the original manuscript with several holographic corrections and additions made in Grant's own hand. At 246 pages, the memoir is written on the recto only and on lined paper. The memoir was bound in beautiful Morocco leather in the twentieth century and is prefaced by an engraved frontispiece portrait of Grant. This spectacular 12 ½" x 7 7/8" volume was once owned by William Randolph Hearst.

This section of Grant's memoirs concerns the taking of Vicksburg, the city President Abraham Lincoln saw as the key to the downfall of the Confederacy. A key supply point for the Confederate army, Grant devised a brilliant plan to maneuver his army into position to bombard the city and starve the residents into submission. In this manuscript Grant details the siege and makes notes in his own hand. At page 36 he amends as follows:

I now determined to move independently of Banks, and clear out the rebel force in rear of Vicksburg, and invest or capture the city.

In this historically important and singular example of Grant's personal memoir as he dictated it and wrote corrections and additions in his own hand, Grant's military genius can be read as he dictated it to his clerk. This memoir was intended to be published in Century Magazine but quickly became part of a larger work titled Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. The memoir was later used as chapter 33 through 38 in his Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant.

This is the only known example of Grant's memoirs known to be in private hands, the manuscript of his Personal Memoirs being in the possession of the Library of Congress, making this a historically important archive of the chief tactician of the United States army in the Civil War.

Confederate Officers Field & Staff Sword with Leather Scabbard; by L. T. Cunningham, College Hill Arsenal, Nashville, Tennessee This sword is engraved on the throat of the top mount in English script:

Lt. E. M. Johnston
Com. A 11th
Miss. Regt.

Lieutenant Johnston was part of a unit that was formed at Oxford and Corinth, Mississippi and fought at First Manassas, Antietam, and Gettysburg. It was at that monumental battle that they were on the left flank of the famed 'Pickett's Charge'.

L. T. Cunningham at the College Hill Arsenal located in Nashville manufactured swords for the State of Tennessee, the Confederate Government, and private individuals until the fall of Nashville to the Federal Troops April 1, 1861. This example is etched on both sides of the blade to within 5¾" of the tip. The right side of the blade is etched with a scroll pattern, the presentation panel is blank. The left side of the blade is distinctively etched with a 1st National Confederate flag and the letters "CSA." The blade length is 30 3/8", the overall length of the sword is 36." The blade is bright and shiny with minor pitting and has its original red leather washer. The hilt of the sword is the field & staff pattern with the "CS" in the guard; the pommel is unadorned. The leather and twisted brass wire wrap are original to the sword. The scabbard, which appears to be contemporary with the sword and is one of two examples known, is an Ames Manufactured product and is beautifully engraved with Lt. E. M. Johnston's name and company. Both the sword and mounts of the scabbard retain the majority of the original gold gild. This is an excellent example of the College Hill Arsenal field & staff officers' sword that is identified to its user.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Major General William Mahone's Presentation Sword The Last CSA Sword A magnificently detailed presentation sword, historically important in every way, Major General William Mahone received this sword from the grateful citizenry of Petersburg, Virginia for saving their city during the six-month siege of their city. This Boyle and Gamble sword was made especially for General Mahone in Richmond, Virginia and is like no other produced by this famous manufacturer. With elaborate etching on the blade as well as the scabbard, the people of Petersburg spared no expense in honoring their great defender. It is noteworthy that this sword was likely the last truly Confederate-made sword, making it the rarest Confederate presentation sword existent.

William Mahone was a true son of the South. Born in Southampton County, Virginia in 1826, he was educated at the Virginia Military Institute and was a quick study in engineering, a career he would follow before and after the war, serving him well during the conflict as he resigned the presidency of the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad to serve the Confederacy. While physically lacking in stature, Mahone's talents were immediately recognized as he was appointed to Brigadier General on November 16, 1861. He served throughout the war with the Army of Northern Virginia in all the major campaigns except for Antietam as he was recovering from wounds he suffered at Second Manassas.

But it was for the Siege of Petersburg that he was awarded this war trophy that has no comparison in the annals of history. Union General Ambrose Burnside had laid siege to the Virginia town and had grown tired of the ten-month ordeal that was General Mahone's bitter defense of the city. A seemingly nonsensical scheme was hatched by a regiment of Pennsylvania former coal miners that involved digging a tunnel under the Confederate trenches with the idea of exploding a cache of gunpowder right beneath them, breaking the stalemate and winning the battle. The plan proved disastrous.

Early on the morning of July 30, 1864, fully one month after the Union engineers and coal miners had dug their tunnel under the Confederate trenches, filling their subterranean earthworks with gunpowder,the Union troops lit the fuse. Nine companies of the 19th and 22nd South Carolina were rocketed into the air with the dead and dying falling into a 170 feet long crater created by the blast. Had the Union forces been satisfied with the disaster of the devastation created by their subterfuge, the battle may have been won. After the dust had settled, the Union forces rushed into the crater going after what was left of the Confederates, a grievous tactical error by Union General James Ledlie's division. Instead of waiting at the rim of the crater, the Union troops poured into the crater itself making them easy targets for General Mahone's men. When the shooting was over, "like shooting ducks", as the Confederates would later remark, General Mahone's troops had pushed the Union forces back inflicting 3,798 losses compared to the Confederates' nearly 1,500 men.

The ten-month siege of their hometown had taken its toll on the people of Petersburg. In the twilight of the war they looked to honor the man that had led the defense of their city and, for that one day, had repulsed the Union forces that had a stranglehold on the city, the second largest city in Virginia with a population of around 20,000 people in 1865. Their appreciation came in the form of this ornate Boyle and Gamble presentation sword commissioned by the grateful citizenry. The actual presentation was reported that March day in 1865 by the Richmond Daily Dispatch as follows: "The presentation took place in the presence of a large assemblage of officers, soldiers, citizens, and ladies, who gathered together to witness the pleasing event." By then Mahone had been promoted to Major General. He took the sword in its black walnut presentation case with the red sash and general officer's sword belt with the interlocking Virginia buckle as his memento of his service to his beloved Virginia and the Confederacy, cherishing it for the rest of his life.

The Boyle and Gamble sword is truly one-of-a-kind, but the scabbard within which it is encased is remarkable in itself. Slightly curved and 35" in length, the scabbard's steel body is brazed along the lower reverse side. Complemented by a gilded throat, top mount (with ring), center mount and drag, these features are all gently scalloped. The throat of the scabbard shows a 'C' scroll and floral motif engraving with the top featuring a rendering of the seal of the Commonwealth of Virginia above a sword and wreath device. Such subtle touches as the richer, more deep copper content of the top mount make this Boyle and Gamble stand out from their standard sword line, ensuring that the viewer would know it was made for a very special soldier.

Perhaps the most distinctive feature of the scabbard is the center mount which is emblazoned with the Confederate battle flag within a wreath above a bugle and bayonet crossed in front of a drum. Leaving no detail on the scabbard to chance, Boyle and Gamble engraved the drag of the scabbard featuring a plumed, helmeted knight amid an array of lances and trophy flags above a quiver of arrows and a mace. This design surmounts an intricately scrolled motif which finishes out the scabbard.

After seeing the scabbard, the viewer is only given a taste of what is to follow, concealed within being the Boyle and Gamble presentation sword itself. The regulation, slightly curved 33 ¾" blade bears the maker's name 'BOYLE AND GAMBLE/RICHMOND VA', appearing proudly as their signature on the ricasso of the reverse. The eye is drawn to the fact that the fuller of the blade is stopped rather than tapered, unlike other Boyle and Gamble swords. Intricate engraving filling the length of the blade includes ornate floral motifs, a shield, drums, a quiver of arrows, a crossbow, a highly-stylized Confederate flag and a pennant on a staff. Further up the blade is the eagle-ensconced presentation as follows:

PRESENTED TO
MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM MAHONE
BY THE CITIZENS OF PETERSBURG VA
IN APPRECIATION OF HIS SKILL ENERGY
AND GALLANTRY
IN DEFENSE OF THEIR CITY DURING THE CAMPAIGN OF 1864

The obverse of the sword is equally delightful with the sword maker using all the tools, imagination and skill to the fullest advantage. The hilt-most end of the obverse incorporates a beautifully etched floral design and cross-hatching similar to an effect used on the reverse of the blade. A standing figure of the goddess Liberty carrying a dagger in her right hand while holding an unfurled Confederate flag in her left surmounts the letters 'CS' at the hilt of the blade. Elaborate floral etched designs flow up the blade terminating in a symbol of the rising sun of the Confederacy motif that echoes the drag of the scabbard.

The hilt of the sword measures 6" and is of the staff officer's style bearing one more branch than the foot officer's hilt. Within the upper branches is the openwork large 'CS' with surrounding open branches on either side and below. The quillon terminates with additional scrollwork and the knuckle bow at the rear of the hilt at the pommel cap, which is domed to receive the tang of the blade. Wrapped with black leather, the grip has a fine grade twisted brass wire on either side. Still in its elaborate walnut case lined with blue velvet and brass furniture hinges, Boyle and Gamble would have utilized the wood and hinges from furniture to make this presentation box as supplies were scarce during the last days of the Confederacy. Original 'homespun shammy' dyed light blue is still inside the case.

As history was made at Petersburg, the war would end shortly after the presentation of this wartime work of art, the last of its kind ever to be made in the Confederacy. General William Mahone returned to his railroad and later entered politics rising to a United States Senate seat serving his beloved Virginia. Although honored during and after the war for his service, this incredible presentation sword, a reminder of a grateful city for saving their home and families, was perhaps his and now our greatest treasure - "The Last Sword of the Confederacy".

Historical Perspective of the Mahone sword delivered in a speech by Donald Tharpe before the American Arms Collector's Society

On Wednesday, March 22, 1865, the Richmond [Va.] Daily Dispatch reported the presentation of a sword, belt, and sash to Maj. Gen. William Mahone by the citizens of Petersburg. "The presentation," the paper reported, "took place in the presence of a large assemblage of officers, soldiers, citizens and ladies, who gathered together to witness the pleasing event."

Those embattled witnesses at Petersburg, a city under siege for ten months, would likely see little else that was pleasing in the next several weeks. On March 25th, just two days later, the final campaign of the Army of Northern Virginia began when Gen. Lee attempted to break Gen. Grant's tightening deathgrip on Petersburg by taking the Federal-held Fort Stedman, just east of the city. They initially met with success, but the relentless Federals retook the fort. The Confederates ultimately lost the strategic position as well as the lives of 3,500 of their already tragically depleted troops. Petersburg fell just one week later.

It was the twilight of the Confederacy; it was also the twilight of Richmond, Virginia manufacturer Boyle & Gamble, military contractors to the Confederate government and makers of Mahone's presentation sword. Originally makers of circular saws for sawmills, Boyle & Gamble was first mentioned in an 1860 newspaper article in which reporters told of going into their extensive saw factory near the Shockoe Warehouse. Their work as sword makers for the Confederacy clearly began early in the conflict; a May 27, 1861, article in the Daily Missouri Republican ran under the headline "Attack on a Secession Sword Factory." The story related that the factory of Boyle & Gamble had been set aflame the day before; perpetrators and extent of damages are unknown.

The firm's relationship with the new Southern government continued. On September 2, 1861, Boyle, Gamble & Macfee+ were granted a patent (No. 18) by the Confederate States Patent Office to make a sword bayonets that attached to shoulder arms. Further, the April 17, 1862 Daily Enquirer reported that Boyle, Gamble & Co was making a large supply of swords for the establishment of Mitchell & Tyler, which was under contract with the Confederate States government. The following September, a contract was made between Boyle, Gamble & Co. and Maj. Stansbury, commander of the Richmond Armory and Arsenal for the production of sword-sabre bayonets.

The firm's products during the war years were not limited to edged weaponry. They also made axes, curry combs, shoe hammers, and - in a magnificent leap from the utilitarian to the unique - the handle of the seal used by the Confederate States Treasury Department. Still, they were known then and are known now for their high-grade swords. Of these, the most beautiful are the handsomely etched presentation swords bestowed upon Maj. Gen William Mahone and other such personages as Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Harris, Gen. John McCausland, and Maj. J. Thompson Brown.

On April 9, 1862, the Daily Dispatch reported having seen Maj. Brown's ornate sword and closed with: "The best of it is, that it was all made in the Southern Confederacy, and intended as an instrument to punish the enemies of that Confederacy." It is quite likely that Maj. Gen. Mahone's sword is the last Boyle & Gamble blade of which that could be said. Presented as it was just weeks before the fall of Richmond, the flight of Jefferson Davis, and the surrender at Appomattox, it likely represents our last glimpse of the true Confederate-made swords of the war. Further, of the scored of blades of this type this author examined, it is without equal in workmanship. It is not without irony that the Confederacy should reach its apex in sword-making as the government reached its nadir.

William Mahone, recipient of the sword, was a true son of the Old Dominion. Born in Southhampton County, Virginia, on December 1, 1826, and educated at Virginia Military Institute, he studied engineering while a teacher at Rappahannock Military Academy. He went on to engineer several Virginia railroads, and at the outbreak of war was president and superintendent of the Norfolk & Petersburg Railroad. When Virginia seceded, he was quick to cast his lot with the fledgling Confederacy and was almost immediately appointed colonel of the 6th Virginia Infantry, in which capacity he commanded at the capture of Norfolk.

Promoted to brigadier general on November 16, 1861, he served continuously with the Army of Northern Virginia throughout the rest of the war, from Seven Pines to the Crater. The only battle missing on his impressive wartime resume is Antietam, at which time Mahone was recovering from wounds suffered at the Battle of Second Manassas. White physically small of stature, being referred to as "Little Billy Mahone," he seemed to grow with his responsibilities. By war's end, he had risen to the rank of major general and was one of only three division commanders till alive at Appomattox, by which time he had become one of Lee's most trusted lieutenants. In the years after the war, Lee is said to have felt that of the surviving leaders in the army, Mahone made the largest contribution to organization and command.

In fact, Mahone's contribution to the Cause did not precisely end with the surrender: a surviving manuscript he wrote between 1890 and 1894 sheds much light on the waning days of the war. Writing first in pencil, then in pen, on stationery from the Hotel Chamberlin on McPherson Square in Washington, Mahone began. "In compliance with your request I give you an account of what I saw and heard from Gen Lee's lines covering Richmond and Petersburg to the close of his army's career at Appomattox."

This document - in all, 73 pages of painstaking longhand script - has come down to us as a model of recollective powers and careful description. It also reveals the scrappy attitude and dogged determination that made Mahone a valued fighter, a successful commander, and ultimately a survivor in the War Between the States. The document offers us the single best account of the Appomattox as witness by a high-ranking officer of the Third Corps. It is, by tunes, poignant and pugnacious:

"After the completion of the details of surrender, which were my part, I went over to Gen Lee's Headquarters to bid him good bye [April 10]. I sat with him in the front part of his tent. He was obviously full of grief - offering however no out [ward] signed beyond the watering eye.... Gen. Lee observed that he had advised the Confederate authorities at the start - that the contest on which we had entered could not be over estimated and our chance to win was to be found by throwing the whole military or fighting power of the Confederacy vigorously into the struggle - which while not saying so, he manifestly thought had not been done."

Mahone continued:

"In the winter preceding the evacuation he [Lee] said that he advised Mr. Davis to come to terms - that it would be impossible from him when spring came and the campaign opened, for him to get away. Roads bad and transportation poor, while the army confronting him was full handed and fresh with every means of earnest pursuit at hand: and Mr. Davis he replied no you must fight. I stated to Gen. Lee that just then he had made a mistake. That he was in fact the Confederacy - enjoying the affectionate confidence of all that there was of it - and he should have taken matters in [his] own hands-held a conference with his officers - told them the situation and they would have commissioned him in behalf of the army to see Grant and effect a settlement. He replied, but there was the government at Richmond and I said yes, and I would have taken my division down and dispersed it.

Mahone's reminiscence of Lee in those last days is plain-spoken yet eloquent:

"He was the most [hansom] specimen and proudest man I ever saw. He had no appreciation of a joke. Polite, but stern and matter of fact in all things. His long service in the regular army had [left] him with a reverence for authority and a rigid respect for rules and regulation which were unfortunate and hurt full for one in command of [an] army of revolution. He should have gone to the field unfettered and his mere [wish] should have been the law.

The manuscript contains a host of such gems, not the least of which is a suggestion that Lee may have had a premonition of his own death, a notion that more than one contemporary write has made much of: At Amelia Co Ho early next morning [April 5] ... He wore all his best clothes - including his gold spurs and magnificent sword and belt. It impressed me that he anticipated some accident to himself and desired to be found in that dress.

Mahone himself likely had no premonition whatsoever of the events that occurred the previous summer at Petersburg, Virginia - events unlike any other in the war, events that helped endear him to Lee, events that led the grateful people of the beleaguered town of Petersburg to present him with the Boyle & Gamble sword. One June 25, 1864, a Union regiment made up of pre-war coal mines from Schuykill County, Pennsylvania, took shovels in hand and began to dig in the red clay of Virginia. They dug for nearly a month, completing a 586' tunnel that was 5' in height and had two lateral galleries totaling 75' - right under the Confederate trenches at Petersburg. "Clap-trap nonsense," the Union engineers had initially said of the plan to blast the Confederate lines from beneath. Nevertheless, for the next four days the subterranean chambers were filled with 320 kegs of powder. Union Maj. Gen Ambrose Burnside had three division commanders draw straws for who would spearhead the assault after the explosion. Brig. Gen James H. Ledlie, perhaps the worst general ever don a blue uniform, picked the short one.

At 4:45 on the morning of July 30, over a month after the first earth was turned for the tunnel, four tons of powder exploded, tossing nine companies of the 19th and 22nd South Carolina into the air. The crater that resulted from the blast measured 170' long and 30' deep. The shocked Confederates on either side fled in panic.

Into the valley of death rushed Ledlie's division - a grievous tactical error. Had they formed around the crater instead of rushing into it, the outcome might have been different. The Confederates regrouped, and soon Southern artillery was raking the Federals trapped in the hollowed-out bowl of earth. It was rather like shooting ducks in a barrel when, by 8:00 that morning, Mahone's seasoned men had sealed the breach in the Confederate lines and surrounded the crater, which was becoming a gaping grave. By 1:00 PM, the Confederates had successfully pushed the surviving Yankees back to their lines. The Union forms suffered 3,798 losses; the Confederacy, some 1,500.

The Crater was only one - if inarguably the loudest - action in the ten-month siege that was the Petersburg Campaign, the longest sustained operation of the war. As the war drew close, the grateful citizenry of Petersburg responded to Mahone's consistent displays of leadership in the campaign by commissioning the Boyle & Gamble sword, appropriately etched:
<RPRESENTED TO
MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM MAHONE
BY THE CITIZENS OF PETERSBURG, VA
IN APPRECIATION OF HIS SKILL ENERGY
AND GALLANTRY
IN DEFENSE OF THEIR CITY DURING THE CAMPAIGN OF
1864

The sword was presented in a black walnut box lined in blue fabric, and it was accompanied by a red sash and generals officer's sword belt replete with an interlocking Virginia buckle. The sword was wrapped in a green wool casing with a drawstring top.

The slightly curved scabbard measure 35" and has a steel body brazed along the lower reverse side. It is complemented by a glided throat, top mount (with ring), center mount (with ring), and drag. All of these are gently scalloped.

The throat shows a "C"- scroll and floral motif engraving, and the top mount of the sword bears a rendition of the state seal of the Commonwealth of Virginia and a sword-and-wreath motif. This coppery hue of the top mount gives ample evidence that it possesses a greater copper content than the other mountings. (Copper was in relatively good supply in the South and was put to uses both practical and decorative.)

The center mount is emblazoned atop with the Confederate battle flag within a wreath; the lower motif is a bugle and bayonet crossed in front of a drum.

The drag features a plumed helmet as the centerpiece in panoply of symbols: an array of lances and trophy flags, a shield bearing the sign of the rising sun of the Confederacy, a quiver of arrows, and a mace. Below this intricate assemblage is yet another highly decorative design that terminates the engraved beauty of the scabbard.

The regulation slightly curved blade measure 33 ¾", and the maker's name - "BOYLE & GAMBLE / RICHMOND VA" - appears proudly on the ricasso of the reverse. Unlike most other Boyle & Gamble blades, the fuller is stopped rather than tapered. Continuing toward its point, the ornately etched blade bears a floral motif, a border of cross-hatching, and a depiction of various military symbols that include a shield, drums, a quiver of arrows, a crossbow, a highly stylized furled Confederate flag, and a pennant on a staff. Further up is the aforementioned presentation panel. Decorative diagonal etching appears on the back of blade along its length.

On the hiltmost end of the blade's obverse there is a floral design and cross-hatching that echoes that one the reverse. The letters "CS" are topped by a standing figure described as the Goddess of Liberty, who carries a drawn dagger in her right hand and hold an unfurled Confederate flag in her left. Flowing up from that design is more floral work, which terminates in the symbol of the rising sun of the Confederacy, much as it appeared on the aforementioned drag of the scabbard. It is worthy of note here that an 1863 Richmond Enquirer article concerning the presentation of a Boyle & Gamble sword to Col. R.W. Martin, 53rd Virginia Regiment, carries the following description: "The scabbard is of steel, and the tail bands and bars plated with gold and carved with ingenious devices on either side, such as the Goddess of Liberty with drawn dagger, the rising sun of the Confederacy, together with the Confederate flag and battle flag crossed..." The similarities in motif are striking.

The hilt, which measures 6", is of the staff officer's style, which boasts one more branch than that of a foot officer's sword. Within the upper branches is the openwork CS; floral openwork appears between both branches. (These sword hilts echo those of the regulation Union staff officer's swords - with, of course, the substitution of "CS" for the Federal "US.") The quillion terminates with a scroll of motif, and knuckle bow terminates at the rear of the hilt at the pommel cap, which displays a floral motif along its from edge. The pommel cap is domed to receive the tang of the blade, which was peened over to seat it. The grip is wrapped with black leather and has a fine-grade twisted wire bordered by a single strand of wire on either side.

Having done his part for his home state when it was part of the short-lived Confederacy, Mahone went on to serve Virginia after the war as well. He returned to his railroad, which is today known as the Norfolk & Western system, and became active in politics. Although defeated several times in his bid for office, he characteristically preserved and in 1880 was elected senator on the Readjuster ticket, which was essentially the Virginia version of Republican. He was active in Virginia political affairs until his death in Washington, D.C., on October 8, 1895. Little Billy Mahone was laid to rest at Blandford Cemetery in Petersburg, Virginia.

Boyle & Gamble continued to operate after the war, as they are present in the Tredegar Company's business records of 1866 and in post-war Richmond business directories, but their products after Appomattox cannot, of course, be called Confederate.

Just as William Mahone was a survivor, several of his possessions survive. Among these are his copies of Scott's Infantry Tactics, Vol. I, inscribed "William Mahone, V.M.I."; his New York- manufactured boots; his gold suspender clasps with his name engraved; and a gold watch marked Richmond & Tyler, Virginia. But it is his presentation sword that is the finest of these artifacts. The exceptionally fine workmanship alone puts it without peer, and the sterling reputation of its original owner adds extra luster. Even so, its greatest significance lies in the fact that it is likely the last truly Confederate-made sword, skillfully fashioned of enduring metal even as the Confederacy itself dissolved.

Presentation of a sword to Major Gen. Mahone - The sword, belt and sash, ordered by the citizens of Petersburg for Maj. Gen. W.M. Mahone, was presented to that brave and veteran officer on Saturday afternoon near his headquarters in Chesterfield Co. The presentation took place in the presence of a large assemblage of officer's, soldiers, citizens and ladies, who gathers together to witness the pleasing event.

Following official reports of campaign of 1864 ending October 27, 1864. Captured 6,704 prisoners, 15 pieces of artillery, 42 colors, 4,867 small arms, 235 horses, 49 wagons & ambulances, 537 slaves.

Inflicted a loss of 17,704 men. His own loss was 5,248.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Published: The American Society of Arms Collectors Bulletin - Number 72. North South Trader's Civil War - Volume XXIV, Number 6.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Superb and Unique Wartime Ambrotype of Major General William Mahone From Life in 1864 This framed image of General William Mahone gives the viewer an idea of his diminutive stature. Dressed in his Major General's Confederate uniform and holding his kepi in hand, the General's iconic long beard falls onto his frock coat. The beard would be his trademark throughout the rest of his life as it grew gray and longer.

This poignant image of the Confederate warrior was hand-tinted by the photographer showing gold tint at the collar insignia, buttons, on the kepi and the sleeve quarterfoil accentuating this sharp image of the General, the finest in existence.

The photograph is in its original gutta-percha frame with an elaborately engraved shell frame. This is the most famous image of the General and is in pristine condition.

Provenance: The Don Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Published: The American Society of Arms Collectors Bulletin - Number 72.
North South Trader's Civil War - Volume XXIV, Number 6.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Major General William Mahone's Sash, Belt Set and Two-Piece Virginia Buckle This Confederate Major General officer's sword belt, two-piece Virginia buckle and sash were presented to Confederate General William Mahone who was honored by the people of Petersburg, Virginia as their gallant defender due to his tenacity during the ten-month siege of their city. General Mahone was there to thwart the attempts of Union General Ambrose Burnside as Burnside's troops affected one of the most famous maneuvers of the war, the subterranean explosion under the Confederate trenches that became known as the Battle of the Crater. After exploding a cache of gunpowder placed in the trenches, Union General James Ledlie's troops poured into the crater left after the explosion but were decimated by General Mahone's troops.

In March of 1865 the people of Petersburg honored General Mahone with the presentation of this leather general officer's belt set and sash as an accompaniment to his Boyle and Gamble presentation sword given to him on the same occasion. Constructed of fine leather, possibly by Boyle and Gamble, with double rows of silk embroidering and gilt denoting his general's rank, the belt set is accentuated by the fine two-piece Virginia Confederate belt buckle bearing the Virginia state seal and the Latin motto "Sic Semper Tyrannis" at top with "Virginia" at bottom. Between is the standing figure of the Roman goddess Virtus dressed in Amazon garb with a sword in one hand and spear in the other. She is standing on a figure representing tyranny evoking the translation of the motto as "thus always to tyrants". The inner piece of the buckle includes an ornate wreath into which the Virginia seal disk is inserted completing the buckle.

Accompanying the belt and buckle are General Mahone's red general staff officer's silk sash. This too was presented to the General by the citizens of Petersburg, at the same time as this belt as noted by the Richmond Daily Dispatch as follows: "The presentation took place in the presence of a large assemblage of officers, soldiers, citizens, and ladies, who gathered together to witness the pleasing event." These items are in excellent condition and were treasured by General William Mahone from the citizens of his native Petersburg, Virginia for saving their city.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Published: The Richmond Daily Dispatch - 1865
North South Trader's Civil War - Volume XXIV, Number 6.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum *****

General William Mahone's Military Field Glasses Binoculars and Case. General William Mahone, educated at the Virginia Military Institute was a keen engineer, training he took with him into the Civil War as he commanded the capture of Norfolk. With him were these finely crafted Tumelle Panorama binoculars. Produced by Tumelle of Paris, France, these compact field glasses still function as if new. Engraved on the barrel of each eyepiece 'Tumelle Panorama', the focus wheel shows a slight crack that does not affect the function of the glasses. There is wear to the leather-covered areas of the binoculars and at the eyepiece as should be expected. Since the glasses on each end of the binoculars are in excellent condition, these binoculars were obviously well protected in their velvet-lined leather case which accompanies these field glasses. The case which still closes nicely includes its original leather strap. The case shows much wear as General Mahone viewed all the battles of war from victory to defeat, to the great massacre at the Battle of the Crater, these field glasses offered him a closeup view of war.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Published: North South Trader's Civil War - Volume XXIV, Number 6.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Officer's Boots of General William Mahone Undoubtedly worn by General William Mahone during the siege of Petersburg, these 'Lorin Brooks' manufactured 15-inch tall boots are in remarkably good condition. Brooks' shop at 438 Broadway in New York handmade these fine leather boots that have withstood Mahone's battles and the test of time. The small size of the boots are not a result of shrinkage but of Mahone's small stature, a fact that belies his fierceness in war. Each boot bears the maker's mark stamped in gold at the front, outside top and includes Mahone's name written in period ink inside each boot. The maker's number of '42984' appears inside each boot as well making the boots a matched pair. Although the boots have seen much usage, they still bear the square nails at the heel that gave General Mahone as much wear as possible. The stitching is still intact and tight while the lower leather remains supple. There is some wear to the outside of the uppers that is indicative of Mahone's horsemanship. General Mahone's wooden boot stretcher or boot jack accompanies the boots as well.

These boots owned and worn by Major General William Mahone are a remarkable example of a Confederate general's uniform ensemble.

Provenance: The Don Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Published: The American Society of Arms Collectors Bulletin - Number 72
North South Trader's Civil War - Volume XXIV, Number 6.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate General William Mahone's Mitchell & Tyler Watch With A Rose-Cut Diamond at the Movement This gold watch owned and worn by Confederate William Mahone was made in London, England for Mitchell and Tyler of Richmond, Virginia. The elaborately engraved rose gold face has raised Roman numerals and an intricate floral design engraved at the center of the dial. A smaller second dial is located at the bottom and, while the minute hand and second hand of the watch are missing, the watch is highly attractive in its present state.

General Mahone carried this watch extensively as it has seen much wear as evidenced by the missing hands and since the glass is missing from the opening face. The beautiful case opens at three positions. Besides opening at the 2" dial, the mechanism can be opened to reveal the movement of the watch made by John Cragg of London as engraved on the border of the movement. An ornamental rose-cut diamond is beautifully set amidst a highly-engraved setting above the balance staff. The gold cap piece of the movement is engraved 'Made For Mitchell & Tyler. Richmond Va.'.

The back of the case can be opened to reveal the hallmarks associated with this watch. There is an 18 karat gold mark, a mark indicating that the case was made in London and the Mitchell & Tyler name. The entire watch is serial numbered 26742.

Accompanying the watch is a 14" gold watch chain and eagle-head watch fob. This heavy gold chain has the eagle head holding the watch's key which has the stem missing.

This is a beautiful and very rare Mitchell and Tyler gold watch that ran the blockade into the Confederacy of the great Confederate general who may be best known for his valiant defense of Petersburg.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Published: North South Trader's Civil War - Volume XXIV, Number 6.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum *****

General William Mahone's Sterling Silver Centerpiece and Ladle bearing the Mahone Brigade Emblem General Mahone designed a badge for his Confederate Civil War brigade using a shield with a five-pointed star in the center. Mahone and his men wore that storied emblem throughout the war. The general carried the emblem into his private life making the shield and star his personal 'coat of arms' by adding the initial 'M' in the center of the star. He used the emblem on his personal stationary, his silver, and even on his tomb in Petersburg, Virginia, not far from the site of the engagement that made him famous, the Battle of the Crater.

His crest is featured on this magnificent sterling silver centerpiece and punch ladle crafted by the New York silversmiths Ball, Black and Company. The towering centerpiece served as the focal point of the general's table. It bears the company mark, "New York", and "English Sterling". The centerpiece measures 13" in height and almost 11" across the top of the bowl. Decorated with portrait medallions of Greek warriors at the top of each of the three supports from the base, the centerpiece weighs almost fifty ounces. Ornate engraving adorns the top of the bowl with intricate floral work around the outside rim. The design incorporates two Mahone Brigade emblems on each side of the rim.

The wonderful ladle has a realistic mermaid at the handle and a gilt clamshell bowl. The ladle is clearly marked "Ball, Black & Co." and "Sterling Silver". The Mahone crest is engraved on the reverse of the mermaid.

The artisans at Ball, Black, and Company crafted this centerpiece and ladle shortly after end of the Civil War, using the more desirable "English Sterling" (referring to .925 silver) rather than coin silver that predominated prior to the war. In 1876 the company became Black, Starr, and Frost. The company used the. They are magnificent examples of the fine silver used by the general at family and social occasions.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Published: North South Trader's Civil War - Volume XXIV, Number 6
Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum*****

General William Mahone's Engineers' and Mechanics' Pocket-Book Used on the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad General William Mahone was an accomplished engineer before the Civil War and had risen to the position of Superintendent of the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad. This engineering manual was the personal property of William Mahone and bears penciled calculations along with the inscription 'W. Mahone of Virginia' at the front of the book. Charles H. Haswell, Chief Engineer of the United States Navy, authored the Engineers' and Mechanics' Pocket-Book. This edition was published by Harper and Brothers of 82 Cliff Street, New York and is dated 1848, just after Mahone graduated from the Virginia Military Institute. Mahone engineered at several railroads before becoming the Superintendent at the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad, later casting his lot with the Confederacy.

The red leather book has the clasp intact and has only a 1½" split at the bottom of the spine. The upper spine is stamped 'Haswell' in gold. This is an excellent Mahone item that dates to his early, pre-war career as an engineer building and running railroads in Petersburg, a manual he undoubtedly cherished and kept with him and used extensively through the Civil War and throughout the remainder of his life. Indeed, Mahone returned to the railroad industry becoming president of the Norfolk and Western before being elected to the United States Senate from Virginia.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

General William Mahone's Signed Virginia Military Institute Manuals: Scott's Infantry Tactics, signed by Mahone Confederate Major General William Mahone, celebrated for his heroic defense of Petersburg during the Civil War, enrolled at Virginia Military Institute on July 20, 1844 at the young age of 17. During the course of his military instruction he was tutored in infantry tactics which he would undoubtedly use in the war that would soon follow. These two volumes completed by the most famous US Army commander in history, Major General Winfield Scott's Infantry Tactics were the standard text for military students at the time. Still used at the time of the Civil War some twenty years after they were written, they were used as the basis for William Hardee's updated tactical manuals in 1855.

Signed "Wm. Mahone, VMI" on the frontispiece of each of the two volumes, these are the "New Edition" printings done in 1843, just a year before Mahone's enrollment at VMI. Both volumes contain pull-out tactical drawings and are in overall good condition with some foxing while the gold eagles and lettering on the binding are still vibrant. Measuring 3½" x 5½" these two manuals would follow General Mahone throughout the war and become a keepsake of his time at VMI and his command during the Civil War.

Born on a farm in Southampton, Virginia on December 1, 1826, Mahone was the son of a tavern owner whose father had come to America from Ireland. The archives at VMI indicate that Mahone was able to attend the elite academy through gambling winnings at his father's tavern. After his father had lost his money to a wealthy traveler Mahone stayed in the game, unbeknownst to this father, and not only won his father's money back but enough to "keep my winnings and educate myself", as he later told fellow Cadet William Pryor. These manuals are rare historical mementos of an important Confederate general, one of only three Confederate Corps commanders still alive at the time of the surrender at Appomattox.

Provenance: The Don Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum *****

A Transcribed, Handwritten Copy of General Robert E. Lee's General Order Number 9 - The Personal Copy of General William Mahone General William Mahone, the famed Confederate cavalryman, owned this handwritten copy of General Robert E. Lee's General Order Number 9 issued to all his commanders. General Mahone took part in the Appomattox Campaign just before Lee surrendered and saved this copy, keeping it with him until his death when, years later, this document was sold from his archives.

Measuring 5" x 8" and beautifully written on white, lined paper it is dated '10th April 1865'. In this famous address General Lee states that the Army of Northern Virginia "has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers". There is shading present across the top half of the page and three horizontal folds present and some staining from handling. This is an important document owned by this prominent Confederate general.

General William Mahone's Coin Silver 15" Water Pitcher General Mahone maintained a luxurious silver service for entertaining. He was a noted engineer and a railroad president before and after the Civil War, as well as being a famed cavalryman and Confederate general. The makers marks show it to be made by Bailey & Kitchen of Philadelphia who were active from 1832 to 1848, thus dating the pitcher to this period.

This 15" coin silver water pitcher has a 5" floral engraved base from which the pitcher extends up to the full 7" diameter of the pitcher. A highly ornate 'COF' is engraved on the front of the pitcher while on the back is engraved a heraldic falcon. Ornate floral engraving appears at the handle and spout and especially at the neck where a floral design dominates. There are very few slight dents and the piece retains its coin silver finish very well.

At approximately 48 troy ounces, this pitcher is highly ornate and decorative and, moreover, was owned and cherished by the great General Mahone, the hero of Petersburg and United States Senator from Virginia.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

General William Mahone's Gold Suspender Clasps Confederate General William Mahone, perhaps most famous for his action at the Battle of the Crater during the Siege of Petersburg, was educated at the Virginia Military Institute and was president of the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad before the war. Small in stature but big in bravado, he was loved by the people of Virginia, particularly those of Petersburg who honored him for his bravery in repulsing the attacks of the forces led by Union General Ambrose Burnside. Any personal, wartime uniform effect associated with the General is highly collectible. These two gold suspender buckles belonging to Mahone bear the engraved script "William Mahone' on the reverse. They appear to be of solid gold and incorporate two prongs in a swiveling fastening device and would have completed his dashing general uniform.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of Military History

Published: North South Trader's Civil War - Volume XXIV, Number 6

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

General William Mahone's Personal United Confederate Veterans Lapel Pins Confederate General William Mahone, hero of the Battle of the Crater, became active in the United Confederate Veterans Association after its formation in 1889, the same year he made an unsuccessful run for governor of Virginia. Founded as a benevolent, historical, social and literary society, the UCV held reunions and sponsored charitable benefits to raise money for disabled veterans of the Civil War and for widows and orphans from the war, all the while their members wearing uniquely identifying pins such as these shown here, this being the personal UCV lapel pins worn by General Mahone.

The UCV held many reunions after its inception with the old soldiers gathering together to reminisce and renew acquaintances. The bond between the men forged during the war was unbreakable as witnessed by the many reunion photographs and tokens from those gatherings that exist today. General Mahone's Brigade were particularly close due to the notoriety of the Battle of the Crater at Petersburg. So singularly important was that battle that the men wore lapel pins that memorialized the event, pins such as the sterling silver enameled battle flag pin of General Mahone's. The pin includes the location "Petersburg, Va." as well as the date of the battle, "July 30, 1864". "The Charge of the Crater" and "Mahone's Brigade" are included on the front of the pin as well. With the back stamped 'sterling', the pin and clasp still in perfect condition, General Mahone wore this pin during the reunions.

The second lapel pin owned by General Mahone bears the Mahone Brigade emblem, a blue shield with a centered gold star, a personal design of Mahone's that he took with him after the war. It is even included on his tomb with the initial 'M' in the center of the star as well as on his family silver. This pin bears the words 'Mahone's Brigade' above and below the shield, is made of coated paper and tin and is surrounded by a copper wreath. It is in fine condition and was manufactured by the Whitehead and Hoag Company of Newark, New Jersey as indicated on the reverse. It is of the stickpin variety attachment with all the original attachments to the pin and wreath intact.

Provenance: The Don Tharpe Collection of American Military History *****

Confederate General William Mahone Portrait, Family Photos, and Small Cup William Mahone married Otelia Butler on February 8, 1855. Together they had 13 children, only three of whom would survive until adulthood. This grouping of five photographs of that family, supplemented by a small enameled drinking cup belonging to the family give a rare insight into the family of the man who was one of the most celebrated generals of the Civil War.

The first photograph is an albumen print of William Mahone himself. Measuring approximately 4" x 6" this photograph is taken years after the Civil War as Mahone's trademark beard has obviously grayed considerably. He strikes a stoic pose in a nice vested suit with a gold watch chain dangling from his vest.

The remainder of the photographs concerns Mahone's family. The first is a carte de visite of Mahone's wife Otelia and one of their daughters. The name 'Otelia Mahone' is written on the reverse in pencil. Two of the other photographs are of Mahone's sons in cadet military uniform and are partially hand-tinted. Both measure 4" x 6" with all the photographs being in very good condition.

The last photograph is a daguerreotype of one of the Mahone daughters in death, also hand-tinted. The poignant daguerreotype shows the child lying with a small bouquet of flowers in her hand. The photograph is nicely cased in its gutta percha case and copper frame inside with the image in pristine condition. Images such as these were common during the period as families were desirous of having the photographs as a keepsake, a reminder of the departed.

The remaining item is a small multi-colored, enameled drinking cup. Approximately 2" tall and 2" in diameter at the top, this tiny cup is dated 1884 as hallmarked in the base with a maker's mark as well. The cup is Imperial Russian silver in the Pan-Slavic style. The enamel remains in excellent condition.

These photographs along with the small cup are heartfelt reminders of the personal life of a great soldier and a prominent Southern family.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History*****

General William Mahone: A Collection of Mahone Three Slave Documents - "A Little Pet" Confederate General William Mahone is known to have owned slaves before and during the war. Although he was renowned for his fair treatment and advocacy of emancipation after the war, evidence of Confederate General actual ownership of slaves is very rare. Two of these documents here are receipts for slaves Mahone purchased. The first document is a receipt of $1,450 for a "negro woman Tamar and her three children James, Mary and Jinny..." from the executor of the estate of George Upshur. Dated December 23, 1850, the document measures approximately 8" x 10" and is in very good condition with fold marks on the reverse.

The second receipt is for $925 received from William Mahone for the purchase of a "negro slave" named "Celey". Handwritten into the printed receipt are Mahone's name and the signatures of Samuel Gregory and William Hall. Dated March 24, 1857 at Norfolk, Virginia the 8" x 4 ¼" document is in very good condition with fold marks and light foxing on the reverse. The printer's name of "William C. Shields" appears at the bottom of the obverse.

The last document is the most moving and controversial, handwritten on blue paper and measures 7 5/8" x 4 7/8" and is a deed of gift of a slave named Dickie, "son of Caroline" from Robert Butler to his daughter Otelia Butler, the future wife of General William Mahone. Butler refers to Dickie as Mrs. Mahone's "little pet". Dated August 1, 1837, the paper is in excellent condition with strong, dark ink. There are paper folds to the reverse with slight foxing at the folds.

These documents are unique artifacts of slave ownership by one of the Civil War's most prominent generals.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of Military History
Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate General William Mahone's Cane - Presented to Him by 'The Colored Citizens of Virginia' Confederate General William Mahone was revered during the Civil War for being the hero of Petersburg, the citizens honoring him with a magnificent presentation sword for his defense of the city. But Mahone was beloved by the people of his home state in Virginia after the war as well, ultimately electing him to the United States Senate where he served until 1887.

Along the way, the former slave owner championed the cause of education for former slaves and their descendants. He was instrumental in securing funds to found the Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute at Petersburg, the forerunner of the present-day Virginia State University. While serving as a United States Senator, this engraved gold-handled cane was presented to him as a token of the black population's appreciation for his work in education for former slaves and their children.

This 37" cane black cane with an engraved gold knob handle was presented to General Mahone during his service in Washington, DC. The 2½" long knob rises to 1½" in diameter at the end and is elaborately and deeply carved and engraved in a foliate motif. On the end of the gold handle is engraved the following:

Senator Wm. Mahone
From the
Colored Citizens
of Virginia
January 30
1882

The cane has a brass tip at the end and the overall condition is excellent with the gold knob in pristine and sparkling condition. It was a prized possession of the former Confederate general who went on to serve his state, including the black population by whom he was admired and honored with the presentation of the gold and wood cane.

Provenance: The Don Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Published: North South Trader's Civil War - Volume XXIV, Number 6.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum *****

General William Mahone's Campaign Chair Confederate General William Mahone, a Virginia Military Academy graduate and president of the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad at the outbreak of the Civil War, fought with the Army of Northern Virginia throughout the Civil War. While in the field general officers carried with them as many personal effects as they could, including writing desks and other furniture that was portable, able to be moved from battle to battle. This 'campaign chair' belonging to General Mahone was one such item. It does not take much imagination to envision General Mahone sitting in his headquarters tent or at fireside during a break in his campaigns. Whether at the Battle of Seven Pines or at the famous Battle of the Crater at Petersburg, General Mahone would bring this chair with him at his headquarters to use while planning or studying the aftermath of battle.

Constructed of black walnut with elegantly carved, three-slat backs separated by a crosspiece, the chair has a scalloped top and cross pieces between the legs which are supported by sturdy metal rods. Its collapsible, folding design ensures its portability as it could be laid flat and easily transported throughout the war. Although it shows the appropriate wear, it is in very good condition and has a gold cushion that is not original to the chair. This is a wonderful antique personal effect of General William Mahone used by him in the field throughout the war.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of Military History

Published: North South Trader's Civil War- Volume XXIV, Number 6.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Major General's William Mahone's Surveyor's Transit - For the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad Confederate Major General William Mahone graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1847 and served as a civil engineer, chief engineer and ultimately president of the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad. As a Virginian and slaveholder, Mahone sided with the Confederacy but not before lending the resources of his railroad to assist in ramping up the Confederacy for war.

This surveyor's transit and tripod were owned by Mahone and were very likely used by the 1st Virginia Engineers led by Colonel W. W. Blackford who was the chief engineer when the vast system of earthworks were built during the defense of Petersburg. General Mahone was the hero of the Petersburg defense, lauded and decorated by the citizenry for his heroic defense of their city by his magnificent sword featured in this auction. This sort of surveyor's transit would have been a common site during that campaign as well as during the Pennsylvania campaign when such instruments were used to map railroad routes. This one, however, is quite rare and the only one known to exist marked "VA Engineer Battalion".

Manufactured by E. Draper of Philadelphia, this instrument was specially made for the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad painted on the face of the compass' 5½" glass. The heavy brass transit is affixed to the wooden tripod by heavy metal brass screws. One leg of the tripod is stamped "Va. Engineer Bn. No.1", the unit commanded by Colonel Blackford who was under General Mahone's overall command at Petersburg.

After the war William Mahone returned to engineering and became president of the Norfolk and Western Railroad, the successor company he once ran before the war. He was later elected to the United States Senate from Virginia. This is an excellent example of railroad engineering equipment used to build the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad and fortification of Petersburg. It is unique, being the only Confederate marked engineers transit known. A remarkable museum showpiece.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited:The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Major General Williams Wickham's European Import 1840 Model Wrist Breaker. Wickham was a lawyer in Virginia at the outbreak of the Civil War when he volunteered as the captain of the Hanover Dragoons. He went on to fight at Bull Run and Gettysburg and took part in General JEB Stuart's raid into Maryland. Like his friend General William Mahone, he served as a railroad president after the war.

This European import 1840 model wrist breaker was used by Major General Williams Wickham, CSA. The sword is in pristine condition. The hilt retains its original leather with twisted brass wire. The blade has an even patina with only minor pitting. The scabbard has its original black paint, which was typical for Virginia cavalry service.

General Williams Wickham also served as a Confederate congressman, transferring his command to General Thomas Rosser when he traveled to Richmond. After the war he served as president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. A statue of him stands at Monroe Park in Richmond, Virginia.

Provenance: The Wickham Estate; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate General Williams Wickham Trunk, Silver Tea Service, Ivory Match Safe and Pocket Watch Confederate General Williams Wickham was a lawyer in Virginia at the outbreak of the Civil War when he volunteered as the captain of the Hanover Dragoons. He went on to fight at Bull Run and Gettysburg and took part in General JEB Stuart's raid into Maryland. Like his friend General William Mahone, he served as a railroad president after the war.

This five-piece silver service, match safe and pocket watch were owned by Wickham, the silver service being made of coin silver as is the watch. The elaborate floral and garden pattern of the silver continues through the 10" teapot with the hinged top, the 6" sugar and creamer vessels, the sugar tong and spoon. Made by the noted Baltimore silversmiths Kirk and Son, each piece is hallmarked in the base. Each piece is in excellent condition and is engraved "C M".

Included with this service is a silver drinking cup made by the Richmond, Virginia silversmith Mitchell and Tyler. At 3" in diameter at the top, the cup has some small dents and the name of Wickham's daughter, "Eliza", engraved in period script on the front.

An unusual piece of silver, a marrow scoop for removing marrow from bones, made in London in 1743, is included. The coin silver watch is double-hinged with a Roman numeral dial and is in running condition with its key and short watch chain included. With a beaded rim, the watch is numbered 23522 and was manufactured by H. and O. Perret of Geneva, Switzerland.

A remarkable and attractive ivory match safe from General Wickham's days as the commander of the 4th Virginia Cavalry is included with this grouping as well. Presented to him by the captain of Company G, Captain W. B. Newton on September 11,1861, the front of the 3" match safe is engraved in high relief with "4th Va. Cav." and an engraved presentation form the Captain to the then-Lieutenant Colonel Wickham on the reverse. The brass hinge is in perfect working order and the bottom of the match safe is carved in a checkered pattern for striking.

General Williams Wickham also served as a Confederate congressman, transferring his command to General Thomas Rosser when he traveled to Richmond. After the war he served as president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. A statue of him stands at Monroe Park in Richmond, Virginia.

This collection comes with a magnificent 44" x 21 1/2" x 15" Virginia-made field trunk with brass studs, handles, and locks. The interior has a floral pattern lining and two wooden stands on which this heavy trunk may be placed.

This is a valuable and artistic silver service, watch, match safe, and wonderful trunk owned by a Confederate general, Congressman, and prominent businessman from Virginia.

Provenance: Wickham Estate; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate "Dog River" Cavalary Saber With Scabbard. The unmarked Confederate cavalry sword retains its original leather and single brass wire wrap on the hilt. The unstopped fuller blade exhibits some pitting and is 31¼". The overall length of the sword is 41". The scabbard is lap seamed on the bottom with an iron drag, two brass ring mounts (the top ring is broken at the seam); the throat is missing. The brass mounts and guard are un-cleaned with even patina. The overall condition of the blade is dark with light pitting.

Confederate Brass Fighting Knife With Langet; Serial No. XXII. An unmarked (CS Armory) Confederate fighting knife with langet that is serial numbered XXII. The blade of this knife is 14½" the overall length is 20". The handle is solid brass with a langet loop. The meaning of the Roman numeral serial no. XXII is unknown; however, the number is done very similar to the style used by the Confederate States Armory, which operated out of Kenansville, NC. It is known that the firm did produce knives in addition to swords, sabers and cutlasses. This rare knife could well be a product of the firm. Please see Lot 74027 in this sale for a similar weapon marked with the number "XXIII".

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Officer's Field and Staff Sword with Original Leather Scabbard by Louis Froelich, Confederate States Armory, Kenansville, North Carolina. Louis Froelich produced a wide variety of swords between 1861 and 1865, some of the most treasured Confederate swords of the Civil War. This unique example of the field and staff officers model has stamped on the bow of the guard "L F 1861" making it one of the rarest of Froelich's products. The pattern on the guard, with a five pointed star above the "CS", is similar to a pattern produced by both Boyle & Gamble and B. Douglas. The bright shiny blade is 29 3/8" with virtually no pitting, and the overall length of the sword is 35 5/8". The leather washer is missing; however, the hilt is tight to the blade. The hilt retains all of its original brown leather and finely twisted brass wire. Some of the original gold gilding may been seen in the recesses of the guard. The original leather scabbard retains 90% of the original black finish and is top-stitched like the Boyle and Gamble products in Richmond. The mounts are original to the sword. The overall condition of this sword is excellent.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Side Knife Fashioned From an Artillery Sword used by Richmond Home Guards 12.5" blade, 18" overall length. This knife, attributed to the Richmond Home Guard, uses the cast brass grip taken from a Confederate artillery short sword. The grip's integral pommel carries depressed stars on both sides and its cross-bar has a crude raised "CS" on either side. The blade is stamped with a pentagram on its ricasso. Excellent surfaces and toning.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Side Knife Fashioned From Naval Cutlass, 10.5" blade, 15.75" overall length. A substantial piece of Southern martial cutlery, this knife was cut down from a Confederate naval cutlass. The brass fish-scale grip has an integral pommel carrying a fouled anchor on one side and CSN on the other. Good metal throughout with deep old toning on the grip.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

The Sword of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston - Accompanied by an Oil Painting of Johnston This 1840 Model Ames Cavalry Saber was carried by Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston at the beginning of the Civil War. With a very nice gilt guard, this is a superb high-grade officer's sword made by the Ames Manufacturing Company of Chicopee, Massachusetts. Albert Sidney Johnston, an 1826 graduate of the United States Military academy at West Point, was already an accomplished and famous soldier by the time of the Civil War. A veteran of the Black Hawk War, a general in the Army of the Republic of Texas and a Colonel in the Mexican War, he was a Brigadier General at the outbreak of the Civil War. Offered a position in the United States Army as second in command to General Winfield Scott, he instead accepted a commission as a General in the Confederate Army. He was killed at the Battle of Shiloh with the entire Confederacy mourning his loss. Indeed Confederate President Jefferson Davis said he was, "the greatest soldier, the ablest man, civil or military, Confederate or Federal, then living."
This 36" saber is in magnificent condition, the 1 1/4" wide blade with the 26" fuller, it is stamped 'US/H.D.K.' at the ricasso with 'Ames Mfg/Chicopee Mass/1853 on the reverse ricasso above the intact leather washer. The hilt is highly gilded with a 4" leather grip having 18 turns of gilt twisted 20 gauge brass wire with 13 twists per inch. The pommel cap has the inspectors' marks of 'A.D.K.' and 'J.W.R.'. The three-branch knuckle-bow adds weight to the sword which helped it earn the nickname "Old Wristbreaker".
The scabbard is made of sheet steel and has two mounts at 3" and 11" down the scabbard with 1" rings. The 4" drag is stamped with the inspector's mark of 'J.W.R.' with the overall patina of the scabbard being a rich medium gray.
The sword and scabbard are accompanied by a beautiful oil on canvas painting by T. R. Goldsworthy and David Heslep that commemorates Johnston's military career. Measuring 42" x 42", the central figure of Albert Sidney Johnston in his Confederate General's uniform is surrounded by vignettes of his actions during the Texas War for Independence, The Mexican War, as a Colonel in the United States Cavalry in the West and finally a scene depicting his death at the Battle of Shiloh during the Civil War. This sword is featured in the painting just below the image of Johnston and above the title of the picture 'Albert Sidney Johnston, 1803-1862'. The painting is nicely framed in a 2" oak frame.
This is an historical sword and scabbard owned and used by an illustrious American military hero who was killed at the Battle of Shiloh, truly one of a kind in every way.

The Eyeglasses of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston, a Carte de Visite of Johnston and Nine Books Albert Sidney Johnston, considered the greatest soldier the Confederacy had to offer at the time, met his death in battle on April 6, 1862 at Shiloh early in the Civil War. An 1826 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, Johnston had already fought in the Black Hawk War, the Texas War of Independence after which he served as the new Republic's Secretary of War and the Mexican War. He had achieved the rank of Brevet Brigadier General in the US Army when the war broke out in 1861.
These gold eyeglasses were the personal property of Johnston measuring 4 1/2" across the front at the oval lenses, still intact and having 5" arms, the glasses are in excellent condition. The eyeglasses have their original leather case bearing the optician's name W. Colfax Jones of San Francisco. Johnston was commanding the Department of the Pacific at the start of the war and most likely purchased the glasses while on duty on the west coast. The glasses and case are accompanied by a carte de visite of Johnston in his dress uniform with a backmark of "E. & H. T. Anthony" of New York. Signed in pencil on the back is "A. S. Johnston C.S.A." in another hand.
With these items kept by his family are a series of nine books related to the Civil War exploits of General Albert Sidney Johnston. The earliest, a copy of the 1872 Shiloh is a 6" x 9" 182 page volume bound in blue paper with the back cover loose. It concerns the 'Defeat of the Union Army at Shiloh'. The second is a 5"x7" paper-bound 1905 book by Elizabeth Lyle Saxon titled A Southern Woman's War-Time Reminiscences and was published for the Shiloh Battlefield Memorial Fund. Two of the remaining volumes are war period accounts of Union and Confederate correspondence of the period around the Battle of Shiloh. The remaining five volumes are reprints of letters from General William Ward, Winthrop S. G. Allen who fought at Shiloh, another account of the action Johnston saw at Fort Donelson and Shiloh and two souvenir pamphlets from the Shiloh Military Park.*****

General Albert Sidney Johnston's Gold and Hair Bracelet This gold clasped and hair mourning bracelet was owned by the great Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston. The bracelet, 6.5" long, has a gold clasp with a hand-painted image under a crystal, showing a monument with the initials "CS". This bracelet has seen considerable wear but, the braided hair is strong, the crystal and image are very fine, and the clasp functions perfectly.

The Gold 2nd US Cavalry Epaulets of Albert Sidney Johnston as a Colonel Two beautiful gold dress epaulets of then-Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston, US Army circa 1855. Albert Sidney Johnston, hero of the Confederacy, killed at the Battle of Shiloh, had a long and respected career as a Union Army officer before the war. A Kentuckian by birth, he spent much of his life in Texas. After graduating from West Point in 1826 he was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in the 2nd US Infantry and served in the Blackhawk War. He resigned his commission in 1834 and returned to Kentucky, but he was destined to his serve his country as a soldier.

Later in 1834 Johnston became a farmer in Texas and joined the Texas Army to fight for independence from Mexico, rising to the rank of Senior Brigadier General of the Texas Army and later Secretary of War to the new republic. He resigned in 1840 and returned to Kentucky but his urge to serve as a military officer could not be suppressed. He returned to Texas during the Mexican War and served as a colonel of the Texas Army under General Zachary Taylor. After his election as President of the United States, Taylor appointed Johnston a major in the US Army where Johnston served as a paymaster. By now a career army officer, President Franklin Pierce appointed Johnston as colonel of the newly formed 2nd Cavalry. It is from this era of the great career soldier's life that these two ornate gold epaulets originate.

Still in their original metal case, these two gold dress epaulets were manufactured by the W. H. Hortsman and Sons Company of Philadelphia. They were sold by the E. Owen and Son military merchant tailors of Washington DC. The metal case still bears the tailor's label with the name "A. S. Johnston, 2nd US Cavalry" written in pen on the lid. The brass and gilt epaulets with gold thread and coils that extend down from the shoulder boards display the colonel's spread eagle device on the gold, silk-threaded boards. Significantly, the number '2' denoting the 2nd Cavalry is directly beneath the eagle. A gold Horstman federal eagle button is attached at the collar end of each epaulet.

Albert Sidney Johnston would have only worn these epaulets for a short two years since he was given the brevet promotion of Brigadier General in 1857. This perhaps accounts for the pristine condition in which these epaulets are found today. As the Civil War became eminent, Johnston was serving as commander of the Department of the Pacific in California where he resigned his commission to fight for the Confederacy.

As a skilled and experienced soldier having fought in four wars, including the Utah Expedition to put down the Mormon uprising, Johnston could have had high command in the Union Army as well. In May of 1861 he was appointed to the second highest command in the newly formed Confederate Army by President Jefferson Davis. He was much loved by his Confederate troops making his death at the Battle of Shiloh only a year later that much more tragic.

These gold dress epaulets are a rare and historical uniform insignia of a Confederate general's military career.

William Preston Johnston Signed Carte de Visite, "Wm Preston Johnston", Stonewall Art Gallery, Lexington, Virginia backmark. This image was taken while Johnston was Chairman of History and English Literature at Washington College in Lexington. One marginal stain, even toning. Very good condition. Son of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston, William Preston Johnston initially served his home state of Kentucky. In 1862 he was appointed Aide de Camp to President Davis and labored in that capacity until Davis's capture at war's end.

Confederate Foot Officers Sword with a Leather Scabbard by Burger & Brothers of Richmond, VA. P. Burger operated a saw manufactory in Richmond prior to the Civil War along with two of his brothers and Edwin Boyle. Boyle withdrew from the firm in 1861 and became a part of Boyle & Gamble. Burger and his brothers continued with operations producing among other items swords, which may have been assembled from Boyle & Gamble parts. Very few of their swords exist. The known examples of their foot officers' swords that have surfaced have been etched with the name "Burger" at the ricasso.

This 30½" blade is etched on the right side with the firm name, a stand of two Confederate flags. Additionally, "C.S.A.1862" is etched about midway up the blade; the overall length of the sword is 35¼". The left side of the blade is etched with crossed cannon and a presentation ribbon, which is blank; at the ricasso there is a shield, which may have at one time been etched "Richmond." The sword has its original leather washer. The guard and grip appear to be very similar to the products of Boyle & Gamble. The grip retains its original leather and single copper wire wrap. A sword with beautiful patina from a rarely seen Confederate sword maker.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Battle-Field Pick-Up Confederate D-Guard Bowie Knife, 19" blade, 23.75" overall length, wooden grip mounted to iron guard. This classic Southern fighting knife from the battle of Atlanta near Stone Mountain, Georgia enjoys a rich, uncleaned natural patina on all elements. Two splits to wooden grip, else fully intact.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Nashville Plow Works Confederate Cavalry Saber with Original Scabbard A unique opportunity to own an authentic Confederate officers cavalry saber, a sword that has been long treasured by collectors with the biblical injunction of turning "plowshares into swords." The facility, operated by principals Messrs. Sharp and Hamilton, was located on 8th Avenue in Nashville near the railroad overpass and operated until Nashville fell to Federal troops on April 1, 1862.

After the fall of Nashville, both Messers. Sharp and Hamilton were taken into custody by the Federals and charged with treason; they were later released. It is unknown how many swords were produced by the firm nor if other products were made other than the swords. The blade with unstopped fuller is 35 ½" with an overall length of the sword of 41." The blade has an appealing dark, even patina with very limited pitting. The guard is sand cast without the stippling that is seen on some of their other products.

On the underside of the guard is the distinctive "CSA" and also the firm name "NASHVILLE PLOW WORKS. The back strap/pommel is cast in one piece, and there is a joint in the back strap approximately 1/3 of the way up from the guard, which is not loose from the grip. The sword retains its original leather and finely twisted brass wire wrap. The scabbard's lap seam on the bottom is braized. The mounts, throat and drag are brass, and the drag is loose but stable. The scabbard retains 95-plus percent of its original black paint. Overall condition of the sword is excellent.

Provenance: The Mullinax Collection

Confederate Haiman Cavalry Saber with Scabbard by L. Haiman & Brother, Columbus, Georgia. Louis Haiman and his brother Elijah operated in Columbus, Georgia throughout the entire Civil War. They produced varied items that they supplied to the Confederacy, including buttons, belts, camp equipment, revolvers, and all types of edged weapons. Their expertise in supplying a variety of edged weapons is quite extensive. Uniquely, the blade on this sword is stamped at the ricasso on the right side, "CSA." The sword retains its original leather and single iron wire wrap on the hilt. The mounts on the scabbard retain most of the original gilt as does the scabbard retain its original brown lacquered finish. The scabbard is lap-seamed on the bottom. The overall condition of this sword is excellent.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Lt. Malcolm L. Hudgins Presentation Staff Officers Sword with Original Leather Scabbard by Boyle & Gamble, Richmond, Virginia. The blade is deeply and distinctively etched with the presentation on the right side:

Lieut. Malcolm L. Hudgins
Co. "F" 21st Va. Inftry.

Lieutenant Malcolm L. Hudgins enlisted in the Confederate army on May 16, 1861 at the age of 17. He received his promotion to lieutenant in April 1864. Just six months later, on October 19, 1864, he was wounded and captured at Cedar Creek, undoubtedly the occasion of him losing this sword. He was imprisoned at Old Capitol Prison in Washington, DC on October 29, 1864 and transferred to Fort Delaware in November 1864, where he was exchanged.

An outstanding example of swords produced by Boyle & Gamble. The unstopped blade is 29¼" deeply etched on the right side with a shield containing the letters "CSA", below a Confederate Second National flag; at the ricasso is engraved the firm name, "Boyle/Gamble". The left side of the blade is etched with "CSA" in the middle, a Confederate Second National flag above crossed cannon; at the ricasso is engraved "1863/Richmond". The overall length of the sword is 34½". The scabbard is in beautiful condition with some cracking, topstitched with minor openings near the drag. The original mounts are adorned with laurel leaves. The pommel is distinctly decorated with laurel leaves.

Boyle & Gamble operated in Richmond, Virginia, throughout the Civil War. They were located on South Sixth Street, a block from the old Virginia Armory, where they produced swords of all types as well as bayonets and knives. The principals of the firm were Edwin Boyle, T. Gamble, and E. MacFee.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Confederate Marshall Saber. This Hammond Marshall sword was made at the Atlanta factory of this maker who operated from 1861-1864. Marshall made a variety of belt plates and other objects for the Confederacy including cavalry and artillery sabers. This 31 1/2" model has a 27" fuller, the leather washer present at the ricasso and the number "37" stamped on the underside of the guard at the ricasso. The leather, single wire-wrapped grip is in good condition with the brass guard and pommel unmarked and is identical to a sword shown on page 153 of Clegg Donald Furr's book American Swords and Makers' Marks. The wood and metal scabbard has a 4" throat with ring and a 2 1/2" mount at 12" down the scabbard. The 5 1/4" drag is held in place by four pins.

This is a rare Confederate sword produced in Atlanta, Georgia during the Civil War.

Confederate Boyle & Gamble Cavalry Saber with Metal Scabbard by Boyle & Gamble, Richmond, Virginia. One of the finest known Boyle & Gamble enlisted man's cavalry sabers in existence. Boyle and Gamble operated throughout the Civil War, producing edged weapons of all kinds, knives, and bayonets, as well as other military necessities.

The metal scabbard is lap-seamed on the bottom and retains the majority of its original brown lacquer. The blade length is 34½", and the overall length of the sword is 40¼". The overall condition of the blade is bright and shiny; retaining its original leather washer. The three-branch guard is in excellent condition. The grip retains its original brown leather with twisted copper wire wrap. Truly one of the finest/pristine Confederate cavalry sabers by Boyle & Gamble in existence.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Presentation Foot Officer's Sword with Original Leather Scabbard by W. J. McElroy of Macon, Georgia. This is a W. J. McElroy presentation staff officer's sword; blade presentation in English script:

L. L. Strozer

Captain L. L. Strozer served in the 25th Georgia Provost Guards, a 1,000-man unit organized to round up deserters.

This sword has its original black leather scabbard with topstitching. The stitching has been re-glued. The mounts retain some of its original gold gild, and the ring on the top mount is original. The middle ring mount appears to be a period replacement. The overall condition of the scabbard is good, dry but stable with cracking and checking. This sword was carried by L. L. Strozer, whose name is etched in the panel on the left side of the blade. Also on this side of the blade is etched a stand of two flags; the etching extends from the ricasso to within 12" of point. The opposite side of the blade is etched with a floral pattern, "CS" in the middle of the blade and a panel near the ricasso with the firm name, "W. J. McElroy, Macon, Geo." The blade is 28¾" from ricasso to tip. Overall, the blade along with hilt is 34½".

The guard has beautiful "attic find" patina with little of the original gilt. The top and bottom of the guard are beautifully engraved with an unique oak leaf pattern. The sword's original black leather grip with twisted copper wire is in excellent condition.

Provenance: The Headley Collection

Confederate Presentation Foot Officers Sword by W. J. McElroy of Macon, GA. W. J. McElroy blade presentation; in English script:

Capt. C. P. Bowen

C. P. Bowen was captain of Company C of the 30th Georgia Infantry. They saw action at Atlanta and Chickamauga and later served at Mobile before surrendering in May 1865. Captain Bowen was born in Jackson County, Georgia, his father being a hero in the War of 1812. This sword was captured from him at the Battle of Nashville.

William J. McElroy went into swordmaking as the winds of war began to blow and operated throughout the Civil War. In addition to the production of all types of swords and sabers, he produced a wide variety of products ranging from bayonets and bowie knives of all types, belts, buckles, spurs, and canteens as well as pikes for the State of Georgia. The company was a prolific and noted producer of military supplies to the Confederate Government, the State of Georgia and private individuals.

This beautiful presentation sword was carried by Capt. C. P. Bowen whose name is etched in the presentation panel on the left side of the blade. The etching on both sides of this sword is clear and distinctive. The right side of the blade is etched beginning at the ricasso with a flower over hatching, a panel with the firm name and address in script, "W. J. McElroy/ Macon, Geo.;" and a stand of two flags. On the right is the Confederate First National flag; on the left is the Confederate Battle flag; above that is a diamond pattern with "CS" in old English script. The remainder of this side of the blade to within 11¼" of the tip is etched with laurel vines with leaves.

The left side of the blade is etched to within 11½" of the tip; beginning at the ricasso with the flower over hatching; the presentation panel in a diamond shape etched in old English script, "Capt. C. P, Bowen." The blade is 29 5/8" from ricasso to tip, overall the blade along with hilt is 35¼", the sword is tight to the hilt with no washer. The guard has beautiful patina with none of its original gold gilt remaining. The pommel is plain. The polished wood grip with heavy twisted brass wire wrap is in excellent condition. Truly one of the most beautiful and well-preserved Confederate presentation swords in private hands.

Confederate Officer's Cavalry Saber "Diamond-Shaped" Sword With Original Leather Scabbard by Boyle & Gamble, Richmond, Virginia. Brass four (4) branch guard with "DIAMOND HATCHED BASKET" design; original leather wrap with single brass wire. Blade is 29 7/8", and the overall length of sword is 35½" with original leather washer; unstopped single, fuller beginning 2¼" from ricasso; bands are 1½" heavy brass, attached to mounts that are in a "Coffin" pattern. Scabbard is leather, backstitched. Mounts are solid brass; top mount is 5 15/32" pinned, unique "squared" design throat; middle mount is 3 5/8"; drag is 15 17/32" pinned. Carried by Henry A. Hatcher, 2nd Virginia Cavalry.

Boyle & Gamble operated in Richmond, VA, throughout the Civil War, located on South Sixth Street, a block from the old Virginia Armory where they produced swords of all types as well as bayonets and knives. The principals of the firm were Edwin Boyle, T. Gamble, and E. MacFee. This example is the only known example of this style of "Diamond Headed" guard.It is a unique sword that would have been special ordered by Capt. Hatcher of the 2nd Virginia Calvalry.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Extremely Rare Confederate Brigadier General John H. Winder Carte de Visite, no backmark. Winder is shown in a U. S. Army dress uniform complete with Hardee hat shortly before the Civil War. The image has been heavily re-touched in brown hues. This was possibly done for reproducing in a newspaper or magazine since a pencil inscription on the verso reads "1 Column wide Touch up like the others" The CDV is also identified and carries an old museum number. A couple of tiny edge nicks, else very fine condition. John H. Winder of Maryland was a career officer, being a veteran of the Seminole and Mexican Wars. Winder's legacy would have held an honorable place in the history of the United States had not he been placed in charge of the Confederacy's prisoner-of-war system. As such, Winder's very name became an anathema to Northern soldiers and civilians alike. Regardless of who was to blame, the fact remains that thousands of Union soldiers died in rebel prisons. Winder, of course, would have been a convenient culprit. The aging general died in Florence, South Carolina, perhaps fortunately, before war's end and was thus spared the indignity of a war crimes trial. This is the only war-date photograph of Winder we have seen making it very rare.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Bayonet 'Bowie' and Scabbard Captured at the Battle of Fair Oaks - Engraved This is a one-of-a-kind Boyle, Gamble and MacFee bayonet used by a Confederate soldier as a Bowie fighting knife during the Civil War, engraved by its captor and comes from the collection of noted author and collector Norm Flayderman.
Confederates preferred to use their bayonets, when they had them, as fighting knives and here we have a very rare example of just such a weapon and its scabbard. This blade has an even, rich patina and an intricately engraved inscription completed sometime after this blade was captured at the Battle of Fair Oaks. Everything on this bayonet Bowie is intact and authentic, even the locking mechanism for the bayonet in the grip. Boyle, Gamble and MacFee of Richmond, Virginia were the premier makers of swords and bayonets for the Confederacy. Their name is proudly stamped across the 3½" guard of this bayonet Bowie. At the top of the grip is stamped the number "52". We know that this weapon was used by a Confederate on the battlefield as it was captured at the Battle of Fair Oaks, Virginia on June 1, 1862, a battle where Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston was severely wounded. At 3" from the ricasso of the bayonet Bowie there begins an elaborate 5½" engraved inscription commemorating the battle and its capture by a fortunate Union private. In an oval shape surrounded by an intricate floral design, the following engraving appears:
Taken by R. Barret of the 15th Regt. Mass. V.M. at the Battle of Fair Oaks, Va. June 1, 1862
The 15th Massachusetts had seen much action before that June day in 1862. They fought at Ball's Bluff and at Yorktown before engaging General Johnston at Fair Oaks and Seven Pines beginning May 31st. Indeed Private Richard Barret as part of Company G of the 15th Massachusetts Infantry was there. The weapons expert collector and author Norm Flayderman had this bayonet Bowie in his collection and once wrote that he had known of "no other inscribed, similar piece. Its rarity quite speaks for itself!"
Amazingly, the leather and brass scabbard is complete and intact and accompanies this bayonet Bowie. With a 2" brass throat and frog and a 3½" drag, it is in good condition making this set not only an extreme rarity of Civil War combat, but a historically important weapon as well.

Provenance: The Norm Flayderman Collection; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Massive Confederate "D" Guard Bowie Knife Inscribed To Private John W. Tucker, 19th North Carolina.This is a beautiful example of a massive Confederate "D" guard Bowie knife as seen in numerous images of Confederates. This wide lipped-pointed example has a blade length of 17 5/8" and the overall length of the knife is 23". The guard with quillon is iron; the grip is bone that is engraved by the user in four lines, "PVT. JOHN W. TUCKER/Co. F 19th N.C. VOLS./GUILFORD CO. N.C./C.S.A." The knife is fitted in its leather sheath, stitched on the bottom, and the backside has a loop..

The 19th North Carolina fought at Fredericksburg, Brandy Station and Gettysburg. Pvt. Tucker's unit, designated as the 19th NC Regiment, was also known as the 2nd NC Cavalry. From December 1861 until September 1862, the unit was attached to Infantry Brigades of French's and then Ransom's within the Department of North Carolina. From November 1862 until the end of the war the unit was attached to Cavalry Commands. Thus, the inscription on the grip of the knife was made before November 1862. The knife is a North Carolina item that Pvt. Tucker was issued soon after enlisting as were all NC soldiers.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Unusual Tin Confederate Side Knife 'Prototype.' 9.75" blade, 14" overall length. Sheet tin has been cut, folded and soldered to create a really eccentric hollow production. "Selma Arsenal Alabama" is etched onto one side of the grip, while "Confederate States" and a small First National flag are on the other side. The lower part of the blade is flattened and is missing its tip. The grip has a small split along one seam. Wear and extremely light rusting typical of old tin. This is believed to be the original model of the rare side knife made by the Confederacy's most productive arsenals.

Provenance: The William Turner Collection

An Extremely Rare Palmetto Confederate Sword and Scabbard This 29" foot officer's sword has an unmarked blade with a 22" fuller. The blade shows much wear as this is a truly Southern utilitarian sword. It is most rare in that it was possibly made for a state militia member before the Civil War since there are no markings and due to the engravings present on the scabbard.

The grip is made of scored wood and has also seen much use as has the single knucklebow. The scrollwork guard shows a flat finish as does the single bar that extends to the pommel, all worn. The grip is slightly loose but is intact.

Perhaps the most unique aspect of this sword is its scabbard, specially engraved with the South Carolina symbol, the Palmetto tree. Starting at the throat and extending 4½" down the all-metal scabbard is an engraving of a Palmetto tree trunk with foliage. Below is a 5" central engraving of a Palmetto tree. Further down the scabbard is a 4" engraving of more foliage and a Palmetto tree trunk work between two arcs. The remainder of the scabbard is left untouched except for the last 3½" at the drag where again the same Palmetto foliage is etched. The reverse of the scabbard has been left with no artistic engraving.

At the throat on the reverse of the scabbard the initials "H. C." and "1864" have been crudely etched. The brass scabbard displays a dull and worn finish as well. A scabbard similar to this one is published in John H. Thillman's Civil War Cavalry & Artillery Sabers, (page 63). That particular sword was made for an identified South Carolina militia officer by the Ames Manufacturing Company before the Civil War and bears similar etchings of the Palmetto foliage on the scabbard.

This is a unique and very rare example of a South Carolina soldier's scabbard from the Civil War and is highly collectable.

The Captured Sword of Lieutenant Colonel Quincy McNeil of the 2nd Illinois Cavalry Lieutenant Quincy McNeil was leading his men of the 2nd Illinois Cavalry as they occupied Holly Springs, Mississippi on December 20, 1862 when Confederate General Earl Van Dorn attacked the city, a town General Ulysses S. Grant was using as his supply headquarters.

There are many reports of the famous raid when the Confederates routed the Union troops, many who were caught in bed, comfortable in their position of occupation of the town. Mrs. Ulysses S. Grant was even staying at the home of a Confederate officer who was away at war. Learning of the attack, she left on a rail car before she could be found.

This 36" unmarked cavalry saber is stamped with a period stamp "Quincy McNeil" on the knucklebow. It is noted in accounts of the battle that Lieutenant Colonel Quincy McNeil responded quickly to the attack, unlike his superior officer Colonel Robert C. Murphy of the 8th Wisconsin who was relieved of his command after the invasion. Lieutenant Colonel McNeil formed a defensive perimeter with his six companies at the fairgrounds at Holly Springs and a fierce battle with Van Dorn's troops ensued. In what has been noted as one of the very few actual hand-to-hand sword battles of the Civil War, McNeil's' men were overwhelmed and were captured. It was then that this sword was taken by a Confederate soldier of Van Dorn's army.

The Confederates paroled their captives and proceeded to take whatever they wanted or needed from the Union store and then blew up the Union munitions with much fanfare. They equipped themselves with new Union boots, greatcoats - even cigars. While the officers broke kegs of whiskey to prevent the troops from becoming drunk, bales of cotton were burned. Trains filled with the Union supplies the Van Dorn cavalrymen couldn't take with them were burned.

This 36" blade of the sword is etched with a foliate pattern with the "U. S." device in the middle at 8" down the blade. On the reverse there is an elaborate spread-wing eagle with the "E. Pluribus Unum" ribbon in its claws. The leather washer at the ricasso appears to have been replaced.

The guard closely resembles an Ames product with foliate designs at the knucklebow where McNeil's name is stamped. The attractive grip is made of ray skin and has 12 braided wires securing it to the wood underneath which is showing slightly at the guard end. The knucklebow shows a rosette on each side where it is loose at the pommel cap.

This is a very interesting captured Union officer's saber from one of the most noted Union defeats of the Civil War.

A 'Confederate Colt' Revolver- Hand-Carved Ivory Grips of Virginia State Seal marked Mitchell & Tyler from the Albaugh Collection This unmarked six-shot 7" barreled .36 caliber revolver is Confederate made based on the .36 caliber Navy model of 1851. The striking detail work on the pistol grips is quite amazing, especially the hand-carved grips made into the form of the Virginia state seal done in deep bas-relief including the Virginia Latin motto "Sic Semper Tyrannis" translated to "thus always to tyrants" above the name "Virginia". An interlocking "CS" has been carved above the state seal.The grips are marked "Mitchell and Tyler" inside indicating they were crafted by the premier military outfitter of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia. The reverse of the grips are striking in appearance as well. An arrangement of 8 brass rivets capped by a five-pointed brass star, the ivory is beautifully carved to maximize the utility of the grip.
The revolver has a brass back strap and trigger guard with all other metal parts being iron except for the pinched front sight inset into the top barrel flat, the metal for which may be gold. The back strap and trigger guard exhibit a deep, reddish-yellow patina. This revolver was part of the world-renowned William Albaugh Collection and has been illustrated extensively. This was William Albaugh's favorite Confederate pistol.
There are two accompanying photographs of the gun in the Albaugh collection that are published in his book.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History; The William Albaugh Collection

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

The Rarest Confederate Revolver Ever Made, A Texas-Made George Todd( Austin, Texas) .36 Caliber Revolver This George Todd .36 revolver, serial numbered 272 has been referenced throughout the literature of famous Confederate weapons for over 50 years. From William Albaugh's classic text Confederate Handguns to Norm Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Firearms, this gun has a storied and spectacular reputation as an extremely rare Texas Confederate weapon.
George Todd came to Texas from Alabama in 1851 and set up his small operation on Second Street in Austin, patterning his revolvers on the .36 caliber Colt Navy model with octagon and round barrels. He stayed in Texas only a short time after the outbreak of the Civil War moving back to Alabama making only a small number of these revolvers in Texas. This six-shot revolver with six stops on an iron frame features a 7 1/2" octagon barrel where "George Todd . Austin" is stamped on a barrel flat. The trigger guard, back strap and front strap are made of brass and at one point have been cleaned and bear some scratches. The serial number "272" appears at the loading lever flat, barrel lug, on the frame in front of the trigger guard, butt strap and trigger guard flat.
The overall condition of the revolver is good with the iron parts having an even patina with only minor pitting throughout. The grips have shrunk somewhat and an approximately 1" piece is missing on the right side near the frame.
This serial number 272 may be the highest number known (Albaugh III) placing this gun at the time of the Civil War in Texas, historically significant, making this the most rare Confederate revolver known. The gun comes with an extensive research file and provenance as well.

A Griswold and Gunnison Confederate Revolver, Private John E. Morris, 7th Mississippi Cavalry - Forrest's Cavalry Private John A. Morris of the 7th Mississippi Cavalry carried this .36 caliber Griswold and Gunnison six-shot revolver during the Civil War until his surrender at Holly Springs, Mississippi on May 4, 1865. Originally from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Morris joined the 7th Mississippi which was initially called the '1st Partisan Rangers' on September 1, 1862. He was farming near New Albany, Mississippi and joined for the duration of the conflict. The unit would see action in northern Mississippi and eastern Louisiana taking part in the raiding of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, suffered losses at Tupelo and fought with General Nathan Bedford Forrest at Selma, Alabama.

This is a truly Confederate weapon in every sense. This Griswold and Gunnison, serial number 1123 was manufactured in Griswoldville, Georgia by the firm founded by Samuel Griswold and A. W. Gunnison. The uniqueness about the manufacture of this weapon is due to the fact that they were all produced by mostly slave labor since twenty-two of the twenty-four workers at the factory were slaves. Private Morris must have acquired this revolver shortly after his enlistment since this particular model was manufactured in the spring of 1863. With a 7 ½" rounded barrel, the revolver is accented by the attractive brass frame and trigger guard. While the major parts of the revolver have the matching serial number 1123, there is a secondary number of "13" on the underside of the loading lever. The walnut grips have somewhat shrunk but overall the revolver is in good condition.

This particular revolver, widely noted in the literature of Confederate weaponry and carried by a soldier of the South throughout the war, is rare in itself. The fact that there were only about 3,700 of these made and due to the use of slave labor in their manufacture, these Griswold and Gunnison revolvers are that much more special to collectors of Civil War weaponry.

Provenance:
The Foote Collection
The Kusrow Collection
The Tharpe Collection of American Military History
Published:
Confederate Presentation & Inscribed Swords & Revolvers (pp. 308-309).
Civil War Relics from Georgia.
The American Society of Arms Collectors - Bulletin 71.

Confederate Musket Captured At Antietam. A single shot percussion muzzleloader, .58 caliber, 37" barrel, 53" overall length, four bands, adjustable rear sight, checkered hammer, "PJ MALHERBE & CIE / ALIEGE" and "JR" under crown on lockplate, serial numbered "794" in five places, "M" inspector mark on both sides of breech and another crown over "JR" on left side of the breech. Attic condition with deep, natural patina on both wooden and metal elements. This imported Belgian musket was certainly carried by a Confederate in that its walnut stock is carved with the following: "Antietam Sept. 17th 1862 A reclict (sp) of the rebellion Secured by Lieut B C Wilson 107th Reg NYV." Lieutenant Wilson of Elmira, New York enlisted in Co. "I" on August 9, 1862, only to muster out on December 21 of the same year.

Confederate-Used Model 1855 Harper's Ferry Rifle, .58 caliber single-shot muzzleloader, 33" barrel, 49" overall, two bands, brass nose cap, lockplate stamped with "U.S. / HARPERS FERRY" and "1860" behind hammer, left side of walnut stock carved "P H HALL 'A' 15th Va.". Light pitting on barrel, somewhat heavier near breech. Good surfaces on lockplateand overall nice patina to the wood. Harpers Ferry muskets are highly collectible given their inherent historic nature. This one, identified to a known Confederate soldier, is especially desirable. The rifle's owner was from Henrico County and enlisted on April 23, 1861. Hall would rise to become a 2nd lieutenant and did survive the war.

Rare Confederate Holster With a Lead Finial. This leather Confederate holster is a rarity, handmade with its lead closure finial intact. Measuring 13" from the top of the holster to the open tip, it is in well-worn condition, light brown with crackling of the leather. It has its distinctively Confederate buckle belt attachment in working condition at the back as well.

A Deringer Owned by Confederate Major General John B. Magruder This .41 caliber Deringer was owned by John Bankhead Magruder when he was appointed a colonel in the Confederate army in 1861. Magruder had been a career army officer, having graduated from West Point in 1830. He fought in the Seminole War and in Mexico and was later stationed at Newport where he earned the nickname "Prince John" for his courtly manner and lifestyle.

Magruder, a native Virginian, resigned his commission as an army captain in April 1861 and signed on with the Confederacy and was appointed a colonel. He was to be at that rank only briefly because he became a quick hero to the Confederacy through his victory at Big Bethel, the first major action of the war.

This Deringer muzzle-loading pistol was owned by him during that brief interval between his commissioning as a Confederate colonel and his promotion to brigadier general for his victory at Big Bethel. An ornately engraved .41 caliber pistol, it has a 3" barrel and has copper-nickel or 'German silver' hardware. The hammer and trigger function perfectly and the walnut stock is in very good condition. There is an inlaid presentation medallion on the top of the stock behind the barrel bearing the engraved inscription "Col. J. B. Magruder". The barrel has a nice light gray, even patina and the ramrod is original to the gun.

Attaining the rank of major general, at the end of the Civil War Magruder refused a parole and instead traveled to Mexico where he served as a major general under Maximillian serving in the Franco-Mexican Army. He later returned to the United States and became a public speaker lecturing about his escapades in the wars in which he fought.

This is a very attractive and historic piece that has descended through a family whose ancestor was given the gun by an attorney at Galveston where Magruder had his headquarters at the close of the war.

Future Confederate General John B. Magruder Autograph Letter Signed, "J Bankhead Magruder", two pages, 7.75" x 9.75", Baton Rouge, Louisiana, January 24, 1857, to Major General Thomas S. Jesup, Washington, D.C. This antebellum letter is penned on the light blue notepaper so fashionable in the 1850s. Magruder, then a Lt. Colonel, here recommends a Lt. A. R. Eddy for an appointment as Assistant Quartermaster. With a second sheet used as a cover postmarked at New Orleans and docketed upon receipt. Very fine condition. A native Virginian and career Army officer, John Bankhead Magruder commanded Confederate forces in the Southwest after a transfer initiated by General Robert E. Lee. He successfully defended Galveston against a Federal assault in 1863.

A Sawed-Off Double-Barreled Shotgun With Cavalry Slide and Ring. This double-barreled .12 gauge shotgun with the cavalry slide and ring device is the type used extensively by Confederate cavalrymen. The 18" barrel would have ensured that this weapon provided the utmost in close-range firepower for the horse soldier. Cursed by the Union troops, these shotguns were a cavalier's best friend when the fighting came at close quarters. Loaded with a variety of projectiles from rocks to nails to a simple slug, these sawed-off weapons with their double hammers and triggers are prized collector's items today and are very scarce.

Most intriguing about this shotgun is the fact that it has a small flag bearing the St. Andrews cross on the right side of the stock. With an iron butt plate, cavalry slide and ring, the shotgun shows moderate wear but is in mechanically sound condition with the lower release lever, hammers and triggers all functioning properly but showing rust pitting and wear. The barrel bears the markings "real twist" on the top indicating that the metal was made using the Damascus twist steel process, possibly in England which could indicate that the weapon ran the Union blockades to reach the Confederacy. There is resulting rust pitting at the breech and running along the gun sight channel toward the front sight which is still intact. This is a significant and attractive Civil War weapon used by gallant cavalrymen for close range fighting.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Le Fleur Confederate Revolver. This French-made Le Fleur six-shot revolver is highly engraved and in excellent functional condition with the gun cocking and the ejection rod working as well. Very similar to the Lefaucheux revolver, this model is stamped "CSA" on the right side of the 5" octagonal barrel. This is a pinfire model, a mechanism that employs a pin that is at a right angle into the cartridge where the resulting hammer strike causes an internal primer to detonate. The revolver has floral engraving at the cylinder and on the side plate extending to the intact grips which have a lanyard ring.

A Cased 1855 Colt Sidehammer Revolver With Ivory Lincoln Grips This 1855 model .28 caliber Colt sidehammer model revolver is one of the more uncommon guns found in the Civil War. It is called the 'Root' revolver from the designer Elijah Root. This gun has a 3½" barrel and bears the inscription "Colt's Pt. Address Col. Colt Hartford, Ct, USA 1855" on the top of the barrel. This five-shot model has fluted cylinders and an octagonal barrel.

The most interesting aspect of this revolver are the carved ivory grips made into the form of a bust of Abraham Lincoln on one side and a pistol on the reverse. With the serial number 25835, the revolver is housed in a walnut case with 'Colt's Patent' bullet mold, a brass "E. Pluribus Unum" powder flask, a wooden ramrod and empty tin of Ely Brothers percussion caps.

Accompanying the gun are several objects that have been in the family of the owner of this rare gun that are quite interesting. One is a 'gem' tintype of Abraham Lincoln, a good example of the small ¾" x 1" photographs used in the 1860 Lincoln presidential campaign and thereafter as pins and mementoes.

Additional items inside the gun's case include a piece of mid 1800's lined paper with a small scrap of wood attached with the notation 'a piece of rail split by Abe Lincoln' in black ink.

This is an interesting grouping that includes a rare revolver that has been passed down through the generations with a reverent connection to President Abraham Lincoln, whose portrait is carved on the ivory grips.

A Colt Model 1860 Revolver Owned by Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient Lieutenant Orson W. Bennett This Colt Model 1860 .44 caliber revolver was owned by Lieutenant Orson W. Bennett of the 102nd US Colored Troops who was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery at Honey Hill, South Carolina on November 30, 1864. Lieutenant Bennett was ordered to capture three Confederate artillery pieces that had been abandoned but were being protected by enemy fire. He chose thirty men and accomplished his mission with only one man wounded.

Bennett was born in Union City, Michigan on November 17, 1841 and enlisted as a private in the 1st Iowa Volunteers at the start of the war and fought until he was wounded at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. After returning home to recuperate, he re-enlisted in the 12th Wisconsin Infantry and later joined the 102nd US Colored troops as a lieutenant. He fought in 17 engagements during the war and was mustered out as a Brevet Major of US Volunteers.

This Colt revolver owned by Bennett has an 8" barrel and brass trigger guard. The walnut grips are in good condition as is the revolver's dark gray patina. The gun bears the serial number "121684". Engraved on the backstrap is the following:

Lt. O. W. Bennett, 102 Regt. U.S.C.T.

This is an important piece of Civil War history carried by a Union soldier who was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery. The revolver comes with a binder of information about Bennett including his muster rolls, a biography, and copies of his invalid pension application.

A 24 Karat Gold Decorated Colt Model 1851 London Navy Revolver This exceptionally rare 24 karat gold decorated Colt London Navy revolver bears matching serial numbers of "37061" indicating it was manufactured at Samuel Colt's London, England factory around 1857. Obviously a very special order due to its elaborate use of 24 gold leaf in a decorative floral motif, this .36 caliber six-shot percussion revolver with an octagonal barrel includes intricately carved ivory grips that accentuate the gun's beauty.

Attesting to the overseas fame of his revolvers, the address on the top of the 7½" barrel is simply "Address. Col. Colt London". Colonel Colt aggressively marketed his revolvers in England and Colt maintained an agency there until 1904. With complete and matching serial numbers, this weapon bears the appropriate English hallmarks as well. Many such weapons made their way through the Union blockades during the Civil War. This particular highly gold accentuated revolver would have been made for a very special customer.

The original mahogany case with its original key still contains the accessories for the pistol. Included are a James Dixon and Sons powder horn manufactured at Sheffield, England, a bullet mold, cap puller and percussion cap tool. Additionally, there is a tin of Eley Brothers percussion caps and a box of 'combustible envelope cartridges' for Colt pistols included in the green velvet-lined case which still locks with the original key. A handmade, checkered brown and white heavy wool cloth outer case equipped with a fastening button has kept the case in very good condition for many years. The revolver is in overall very good condition with scattered very light pitting to the metal behind the trigger guard. The craftsman that applied the gold leaf made good use of every surface on the revolver, even the backstrap. The gold has almost completely survived the years and this is an excellent presentation London Colt in its original case, perhaps one of a kind.

Colt Army Model 1860 Revolver (cased) This army model 1860 revolver is cased with an iron bullet mold, brass powder flask, empty tin for percussion caps, assorted conical projectiles, gun tool, key and the wood case. The .44-caliber revolver, serial number "184773", features an 8" round barrel, 6-shot cylinder, loading lever and plunger, and back strap, all made of iron. The trigger guard, front strap and blade front sight are brass. Cylinder is marked "Colt's Patent No. 773" on circumference. The cylinder scene is present and in moderate strength. The serial number appears on the barrel lug, frame in front of trigger guard, trigger guard flat and butt strap. Wedge is unmarked. "Colt's Patent" on left side of frame in 2 lines. ".44 cal" on left side trigger guard near frame. Top of barrel is marked "Address Col. Sam'l Colt, New York, U. S. America."

Wood grip is strong with only minor dings and retains 90% of original varnish.

The 6 ¼" brass powder flask has a few minor dents but is otherwise undamaged. Neck is marked with a "d", "drame" and "1, 1 1/8, 1 1/4". Top of flask marked "Sykes Patent".

The 2 cavity, iron bullet mold is made for casting both round balls and conical projectiles. Spur cutter is present and marked "Colt's Patent." An L- shaped gun tool (iron) and brass key are present. "Eley Bros." percussion cap tin is present but empty. Label intact. There are indecipherable letters scratched on bottom of tin.

Blue felt lined, wood case measures 15 ¼" x 7" x 1 7/8" and is not cracked but does have minor scratches as would be expected. There is a circular, decorative disc on the lid and the undamaged Colt's 'loading and cleaning' label on the inside of the lid.

Condition: Revolver: very good. Iron parts exhibit an even, dark patina with minor dings near the wedge channel, right side. Original finish remains in evidence on the loading lever. Mechanically sound and strong. Brass parts have sharp edges and an even, mellow patina.

Brass powder flask: Very good. Dark patina on body; lighter patina on neck and top.

Bullet mold: very good. Mechanically sound. Minor pitting.

Key: Very good. Some wear.

Gun tool: Very good. Evidence of original finish.

Tin: good

A Sharps 1863 New Model .54 Caliber rifle The most popular carbine of the Civil War was the Sharps, this single shot .54 caliber percussion breechloader being manufactured in Hartford, Connecticut. It was this type of weapon that fired the first shot at the Battle of Gettysburg.

This Sharps New Model, serial number "C,10509", with a 22" barrel bears numerous Sharps patent marks; "New Model 1863" on the top of the barrel, "R. S. Lawrence Patented February 15, 1859" on the rear sight, as well as the earlier Sharps patent marks appropriate to the rifle. The bore is very clean with the rifling intact and the wood of the stock and the forearm in very good condition with only slight dings. The action is in excellent working condition making this an excellent example of a Civil War Sharps. The rifle bears the inspector's marks of "E. A. W." on the barrel which shows good wear down to a light gray patina with some vise marks at the rear. The sling ring bar and ring show considerable wear as well.

This is an excellent example of a Civil War issue Sharps that was prevalent during the war.

A Rare Starr Arms Carbine From the Civil War and the West; Captain James Henry Tempest The Starr carbines were made in a limited supply for the Union Army by Eben T. Starr of Yonkers, New York. In .54 caliber, these cavalry carbines were re-issued for use in the Indian Wars following the Civil War. Captain James Henry Tempest, an Army captain who fought in the Indian War campaigns throughout Utah, Wyoming and Idaho took this rifle home with him where it has descended through his family to us today. The story of his service is made more remarkable due to his family relationship to a noted figure in Civil War history.

Captain Tempest's daughter married Lewis Norman Ellsworth, the nephew of Colonel Elmer Ellsworth, the first Union officer killed in the Civil War. Colonel Ellsworth was shot by an innkeeper as he hauled down a Confederate flag still flying over a hotel in Alexandria, Virginia at the very start of the war. This rifle was passed down through Lewis Norman Ellsworth's family to his grandson Colonel Steve Ellsworth who has made it available for this sale.

While rare in itself, the story of the association with Colonel Ellsworth of Civil War fame makes this percussion breech-loading .54 caliber carbine even more attractive. At 37" in length it was the perfect saddle gun equipped with a saddle ring, metal butt plate and locking lever at the trigger guard. Considering its record of usage, this gun is in very good condition with the lever action working perfectly. The wood stock and forearm, again while showing wear, have no chips missing and have scratches and wear appropriate for the use in the Civil War and Indian Wars. Serial numbered "33362", the maker's name appears at the breech as follows: "Starr's Patent, Sept. 14th 1858".

This carbine has a great history and is a rare find. It functions perfectly and was fired by the current owner's grandfather for many years as he told the story of his famous relative during the Civil War and his direct descendant from the Indian Wars. It will make a great addition to a Civil War/Indian War collection.

Provenance: The Ellsworth Family Collection

Beautiful Minty Smith Carbine, .50 caliber, single shot percussion breechloader, 20.25" barrel, 39" overall length, walnut stock, iron mountings, sling ring mounted to left of breech, serial number "536" twice on underside at either side of hinge, inspector's initials "LFR" stamped on left side of barrel in front of breech, inspectors' cartouches reading "LFR" and "IIC" stamped into stock on left side behind breech, "ADDRESS POULTNEY & TRIMBLE BALTIMORE U.S.A, MANUFACTURED BY / AM'N. MACH'N. WKS. / SPRINGFIELD MASS." and "SMITH'S PATENT / JUNE 23, 1857" all stamped on left side of breech. Never fired, with original blued finish. Magnificent!

Rare Model 1841 Springfield Armory Cadet Musket, .57 caliber percussion muzzleloader, 40" barrel, 54" overall length, walnut stock with three barrel bands, iron mountings, bayonet lug on barrel's underside at muzzle, "VP" marking on barrel at breech, "1844" on tang, "SPRING/FIELD 1844" behind hammer on lockplate. With trumpet-shaped ramrod. Cast brass Confederate "Block I" button applied to right side of stock. Small areas of old chipping around lockplate, glossy natural sheen to wood, iron elements have light pitting, some finish remaining to trigger guard and barrel. Very good condition. According to Flayderman, only 450 of these diminutive rifles were produced between 1844 and 1845. This example surely saw Confederate usage in that the U.S. and eagle stampings have been removed from the lockplate. The button might or might not have been a wartime addition.

Model 1855 Harper's Ferry Musket With Bayonet, .58 caliber, single shot percussion muzzleloader, 33" barrel, 49" overall length, two barrel bands, side lug for bayonet, walnut stock, hinged patchbox, "VP" inspector's mark on left side of breech, "U.S / HARPERS FERRY" and American eagle on lockplate, dated "1861" behind hammer and on top of barrel at breech. Complete with supple leather sling and original brass-gripped saber bayonet having an overall length of 26.5". A superb example of this historic firearm with original surfaces free of the pitting so often associated with Civil War longarms. This musket was made on the eve of the Civil War and likely saw Confederate usage.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Colt Army Model 1860 Revolver This 44-caliber revolver, serial number "74492", features an 8" round barrel, 6-shot cylinder loading lever and plunger, and back strap, all made of iron. The trigger guard, front strap, and blade front sight are brass. The Serial Number appears on the barrel lug (finish) and bottom of the wedge. Cylinder is marked " Colt's Patent No. 3117" over "Pat. Sept 10th 1850" on "Colt New York U.S. America". Grip exhibits few dings and scratches and the inspector's cartouche is visible but not legible. There is an "H" stamped in the brass behind the trigger guard.This revolver is housed in a standard military issue leather holster with plugged end. Stitching is tight tooling on flap. Leather closer tab present but repaired. Brass finish mechanically sound.

Condition: Good. Iron parts have a generally even patina with minor pitting. Traces of blemish remain on frame and loading lever. Same holster wear on muzzle. Grips show modest wear. Holster shows surface cracking throughout.

A Remington New Model 1858 Patent .44 Revolver The Remington Model 1858 .44 caliber six-shot revolver was the major competitor to the Colt Model 1860 Army during the Civil War. This is a fine example of the Remington and bears a serial number of "98455" stamped under the 8" octagonal barrel. The walnut grips are in good condition and the gun has an overall dark gray patina and a nice contrasting brass trigger guard. The top of the barrel is stamped with "Patented Sept. 14, 1858 E. Remington & Sons, Ilion, New York, U.S.A. New Model." This revolver comes with a light brown leather period holster with a brass finial. It has a 3" belt loop at the rear and a flap cover that is missing approximately 3" of the leather at the top and is open at the end.
This was the last percussion model Remington made in .44 caliber and was used extensively during the Civil War. Along with the holster it makes an excellent presentation piece.

A Rare Cased Morton Pinfire Revolver This Irish made Morton revolver is housed in a beautiful mahogany case which includes the cleaning rod and tools in the blue felt-lined compartments. The pinfire revolvers originated in France and incorporated a design where the hammer strikes the cartridge at a right angle causing a charge to detonate and fire the round. W. Morton and Son were makers of fine firearms and were located at 2 Ellen Street in Limerick, Ireland. This double-action six-shot revolver retains 80% of its bluing and has a nickel hammer and trigger which folds up toward the barrel. The front sight is missing, however, this revolver is an attractive display piece.

A Remington Revolving Percussion Rifle This Remington revolving percussion rifle in .36 caliber has a 29½" octagon barrel and dates from about 1865. Produced by D. T. Seeley of Delhi, New York (as stamped on the top of the barrel), the attractive stock is made of walnut. Seeley produced weapons from about 1864 to 1874. The trigger guard is of German silver and the gun has an elevated rear sight. The metal of the gun has a dark brown patina with some denting on the barrel. The stock is loose at its connection to the gun but the action functions properly. This is a very rare and attractive piece that dates from the end of the Civil War.

A Bayonet for a Colt Revolving Rifle This bayonet manufactured by the S&K Company for the Colt revolving rifle has a 22 ¼" blade and 4 ¼" brass grip. It is rare to find a bayonet that fits the Colt revolving rifle and this one is in fair to good condition. The metal scabbard shows considerable wear with some rusting and a 4" crack on the bottom near the tip.

A Nelson Lewis Civil War Sharpshooter Rifle Fitted With a William Malcolm Telescopic Sight Nelson Lewis of Troy, New York began manufacturing target rifles in his shop in 1843 at the corner of Congress and Church Streets. By the time of the Civil War he was adept at the production of super-accurate weapons such as this one fitted with a William Malcolm telescopic sight.

Made famous by the Winslow Homer drawing he completed in 1862 for Harper's Weekly, this type of sniper's rifle was used for distant, impersonal killing that the new rifled technology had brought to the battlefield. This image so moved Homer that he made it the subject of his first oil painting since he had looked through the telescopic sight of one these rifles and remarked, "...the impression struck me as being as near murder as anything I could think of in connection with the army and I always had the horror of that branch (sharpshooters) of the service". A copy of this lithograph which appeared in the November 15, 1862 edition of Harper's Weekly accompanies this rifle.

Nelson Lewis purchased his very heavy octagonal target barrels from E. Remington and Son and he rifled them himself to perfection using equal width of grooves and lands. The end of the barrel is fitted for a false muzzle giving an extra edge to the sharpshooter in accuracy. The 27½" barrel of this rifle is marked "N. Lewis, Maker, Troy, New York" on the top under the telescopic sight which extends a full 5" toward the stock. Lewis' son Kilby produced the Monte Carlo walnut stock terminated by an elaborate nickel-plated butt plate. The hammer, and double set triggers set within the elaborate scrollwork trigger guard function perfectly.

Adding value and historical importance to the rifle is the William Malcolm 32" telescopic sight affixed to the top of the Lewis barrel. Malcolm, who had worked for a telescope manufacturer began production of his achromatic lenses and rifle telescopes in 1855 at Syracuse, New York. His optics were in standard use during the Civil War by sharpshooter units as evidenced in the Winslow Homer picture. Adjustable for windage and elevation through use of metal wheels and screws, when combined with the accuracy of the Lewis rifle, they became a deadly combination. This is a rare surviving example of the Civil War sharpshooter's weapon.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum*****

Huge Collection of Dug Civil War Relics From Northern Virginia A 20" x 21 x 11" Plexiglas display case contains a hoard of over a thousand relics just as found. Nothing has been cleaned, treated or sorted. The grouping's hundreds of dropped bullets contain a good mix of Yankee three-ringers, Confederate Gardners and assorted carbine rounds. (A quick glance showed a nice Washington Arsenal star-base minie ball.) Brass items include a few US oval plates, eagle plates, civilian buckles, bayonet scabbard tips, artillery fuses, two butt plates, spurs, a set of Union Army shoulder scales, knapsack hooks, rivets and the like. Iron relics are dominated by a broken musket barrel having its hammer and lockplate. There are also gun parts, gun tools, a watering bit and horseshoes. A splendid array of once common items that are becoming increasingly scarce.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

The Door Handle From Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia 5.25" x 19.5". This large section of a black pine door retains its handle, two keyhole covers, a bar fitting, a latch and a lock. These metallic elements are all iron save for one of the keyhole covers, which is of brass and filled in. This item is identified by a crude carving on its face, which reads: "Libby Pris. Vir.". All iron has a deep patina with only the lightest rusting. The paint is crazed and chipped throughout.

Libby Prison was the unwelcome destination for many of the US Army officers captured in Virginia. Built as a Richmond dockside warehouse, the building was appropriated by the Confederate government in order to help accommodate the huge influx of captured Yankees into the city. Overcrowding and privation accelerated as the war progressed, with Libby achieving great notoriety in the Northern press. On February 10, 1864 over one hundred prisoners escaped with 59 reaching Union lines. This morale-boosting event was rightly celebrated by a war-weary public and even dramatized for television a century later. The Libby building itself was dismantled in 1889 and re-built in Chicago to house a Civil Museum that remained open for the rest of the century. The museum, too, is now long gone with only a handful of Libby relics surviving into the present time, especially with this being the front door to the prison.
Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Scarce North Carolina "Wallpaper" Edition of a General Order. One page, 5" x 20", Richmond, Virginia, February 21, 1865. This is the printed portion of General Orders Number 6, being the proclamation of Governor Vance to the citizens of North Carolina, printed in one column from the Richmond Enquirer. Before and during the Civil War, the South was almost entirely dependent on the North for its paper supply. As a result of Northern blockades, editors in the South were occasionally forced to use wallpaper to print their editions. Contrary to common belief, the wallpaper was not ripped off the walls of loyal Confederate plantation owners' homes. Instead, new rolls of wallpaper were used. Virtually all such known "wallpaper editions" were printed in Louisiana, making this Virginia printing quite unusual. The document is fine, with general wear present as well as a few small holes, not affecting the overall appearance. A number of folds are present, with some wear at the folds, mostly on the edges. A fascinating and scarce version of Civil War printing history.

Bloodstained Commission of Confederate Major Bob Wheat of the 'Louisiana Tigers' - Found on Gaines' Mill Battlefield Partially printed Document Signed "Tho. O. Moore", Governor of Louisiana, 13" x 16", Baton Rouge, Louisiana, June 8, 1861. This State of Louisiana commission names C. R. Wheat "Major of the First Special Battalion of Louisiana Volunteers". It carries a vignette of the Louisiana State Seal and is affixed with a secondary red paper seal in the lower left corner. Folds, aging and old separation archivally repaired. Two verso panels appear to be smeared with mud, blood, or both. This document was found on the battlefield where Wheat received his mortal wound. It is conceivable that this document, being on his person, was tossed as the dying major was attended to.

Chatham Roberdeau 'Bob' Wheat was born in Virginia, practiced law in Louisiana, and served in the Louisiana legislature before being commissioned a Major at the outbreak of the Civil War. Wheat was known as an adventurer having traveled around the world as a military officer, first in Latin America and then in Italy serving under Garibaldi. He returned to the South to recruit the Louisiana battalion made up of rough-neck New Orleans men.

The unit saw action at Manassas where Wheat was shot through both lungs. Obviously a serious wound, Wheat struggled to recover, but did manage to fight in the Shenandoah Valley campaign. He was killed at the Battle of Gaines' Mill, his unit disbanded thereafter since they had lost the only leader that could control their rough behavior.

Perhaps the best characterization of Wheat came from the August 1912 issue of Confederate Veteran as the magazine described the great men each state had contributed to the Confederacy. Wheat was included as follows:

"Louisiana gave the incomparable Bob Wheat, the white-plumed Knight of Navarre of the Army of Virginia, who fell at the Battle of Gaines' Mill while bravely cheering on his "Louisiana Tigers", waving aloft the sword presented to him by his State and clasping to his bosom the Bible given him by his Christian mother."

A handwritten sleeve in which this commission was found has the inscription "Gen Robert Wheat Commission found on the battlefield of Antietam (later struck through and corrected 'Gaines' Mill') where he was killed."

The Ultimate Civil War Relic: Percussion Conversion Musket Struck by Three Bullets A true battlefield pick-up, this contract .69 caliber Model 1816 musket was slammed on its right side at or near the barrel three times. The first hit has gouged the wood and dented the barrel above the middle band; the second bullet has gone clear through the barrel between the first and second bands; the final shot has bent the barrel band nearest the breech and has shattered the adjacent wood. The nature of these "wounds" indicate an ambush or flank attack. The original owner of this weapon must have surely fallen. The musket, converted from flintlock to percussion, has a 41" barrel and is 56" overall. The lockplate is stamped with an American eagle above "L. POMEROY" and has "1841 U.S." behind the hammer. A condition report is really only a formality in a case such as this, but the weapon has the usual light pitting and patina of an attic find.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

A Chimborazo Hospital Chest From the Famous Confederate Hospital At Richmond - Published in William Albaugh's Book This hospital chest manufactured by Samuel Sutherland's Gun and Pistol Emporium of Richmond, Virginia was used at the famous Chimborazo Confederate Hospital in Richmond, Virginia. Owned by Confederate Surgeon Captain W. H. Pugh of Division One, the mahogany chest has been published in noted historian William Albaugh's book and comes from his personal collection.

The Chimborazo Hospital was built in 1861 to start handling the casualties from the first Battle of Manassas. Now the site of the National Park Service building, the location was chosen on a high hill in Richmond near the James River. Supposedly named for a volcano in South America, Chimborazo had plenty of fresh water from nearby springs and was easily supplied through the use of the Kanawha Canal. Covering 40 acres, and handling almost 80,000 patients during the course of the war, the hospital was divided into five divisions within 120 buildings, making it one of the largest hospitals ever constructed by the Confederacy.

According to National Archives records Confederate Surgeon W. H. Pugh of Norfolk, Virginia was assigned to Division One as the assistant to Surgeon-in-Charge P. F. Browne. Conditions were harsh in the hospital as the number of wounded grew throughout the war and supplies became scarce. Chief Surgeon Dr. James McGraw, a brilliant manager did all he could to provide for the wounded but his surgeons such as Captain W. H. Pugh were inundated by the numbers of men resulting in a 20% death rate, actually quite good for a wartime hospital in the mid 19th century.

This mahogany box still bears the Samuel Sutherland's maker's label inside the top lid of the box. Originally a gun maker and gun supply business located at 132 Main Street in Richmond, Sutherland was an ardent Southerner and supporter of the Confederacy. The wording on the label states in part:

Prices to suit all customers and a guarantee that Sutherland Mark rifles will kill a Yankee or Abolitionist at one hundred yards!

With two removable drawers inside and one bottom drawer, the chest retains its original hardware including two handles, the bottom drawer pull and original hinges. Stenciled on the front of the chest is "CAPt. W. H. PUGH / ASSt. SURGEON" in block letters. On the top of the chest is stenciled "CHIMBORAZO / HOSPITAL / DIVISION No. 1". This hospital chest is from the famous William Albaugh Collection and was published in his book, making this a rare and authenticated treasure from the famous Confederate hospital in Richmond.
Provenance:The William Turner Collection

Confederate Major General John Austin Wharton Ambrotype - Terry's Texas Rangers Major General John Austin Wharton led Terry's Texas Rangers, the famed Confederate Cavalry regiment after the deaths of the regiment's former leaders, Colonel Benjamin F. Terry and Lieutenant Colonel Thomas S. Lubbock. Born in Nashville, Tennessee in 1828, Wharton moved to Texas at an early age and grew up on a plantation at Brazoria, Texas. From 1846 to 1850 he attended South Carolina College, now the University of South Carolina where he was commander of the student cadet corps. He returned to Texas and studied law under United States Senator William Preston and practiced law with Clint Terry, Benjamin F. Terry's brother at Brazoria. At the outbreak of the Civil War he owned 135 slaves in Brazoria County.

This ambrotype of Wharton was taken early in the war and is the only one of him at this age known to exist. Hand-tinted in its copper frame and ½ of its original leather case, there is some fading at the face, but this is undoubtedly General Wharton early in the war. On June 23, 1861 Wharton traveled to Richmond, Virginia and met with Confederate President Jefferson Davis and James Longstreet seeking permission to organize a company of Texas cavalry. Reportedly, Davis did not give his permission and Wharton returned to Texas. He passed through New Orleans and it is believed that this is where this ambrotype was taken as the backdrop is typical of the photographs from that era and place. Leaving New Orleans on a ship named the Shark bound for Texas, Wharton was captured by Union troops aboard the USS South Carolina. He was permitted to travel on to Texas by Union Commander James Alden and undoubtedly saved this ambrotype through the capture.

Back in Texas, Wharton was elected captain of the Terry's Ranger unit, formally known as the Eighth Texas Cavalry. After the Battle of Shiloh where he was wounded, he was promoted to Brigadier General. His bravery at the Battle of Chickamauga earned him his promotion to Major General.

While visiting the command of General John B. Magruder at the Fannin Hotel in Houston, Wharton quarreled with fellow Confederate officer Colonel George W. Baylor over a personal matter. Reportedly Baylor shot the unarmed General Wharton with his revolver killing him instantly. Baylor was acquitted of the killing and went on to enjoy an illustrious career as a Texas Ranger.

This is a very rare ambrotype of the Terry's Texas Rangers Major General from early in the war.

An Ornately Carved Ivory Card Case of Jefferson Davis held by a Prisoner of War This Civil War era card case has a highly carved ivory, bas-relief scene on the front of the case. Measuring 2 ½" x 4". The carved front is an artistic masterpiece of ivory carving. The scene depicts a young man and woman in a playful stance on either side of a lamppost. Floral and foliate effects at the top are accented by very detailed work of the ground on which the figures stand. The interior of the case is equally ornate and beautiful. Wafer-thin ivory leaves separate the compartments where one could place cards or photographs. Purple silk lines the inside of the case and is still in fine condition. The silver clasp of the case has a dark patina and still functions perfectly. There is some tearing of the ivory binding on the spine of the case but the case is overall intact and a functional work of art.

The case came from a Hampton Roads, Virginia African-American family whose ancestor "took possession" of it while Davis was imprisoned at Fortress Monroe and retained it as a memento of the passed rebellion.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

12-Pounder American Revolutionary War " Unfinished" Iron Cannon, Circa 1770s Early American Iron Cannon, "unfinished" and not bored out, with the casting chuck still in the barrel. It was buried on purpose in a unfinished state. It may have been that the foundry was overrun by British troops and the cannon maker had planned on unearthing it to finish it and put into use in the field. The cannon is excavated and heavily corroded; the trunnions and the cascabel are in excellent condition. Behind the casting chuck must exist a near perfect unfired barrel! One can only speculate the history of this cannon; it is certainly one of the earliest American made iron canons from a small foundry. 78"in length, inclusive of the casting chuck.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

Revolutionary War "Grass Hopper" Cannon Carriage, Circa 1750 A rare Revolutionary War "grass hopper" carriage with a twin trailer. Completely original, the iron mounted wheels and spokes and iron hubs are all intact, which is quite rare. This carriage would have help a small 6 pound battlefield cannon. Interestingly, carriages are much rarer than cannons. Only a few have survived both the extremities of war and time.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

Six-Pounder Iron Naval Cannon "Hope Furnace - Rhode Island" Circa 1800 A rare British style 6-pound naval cannon that has been overstruck "H.F." for the Hope Furnace Foundry in Rhode Island. With a shortage of both foundries and cannons, the American Navy utilized captured cannons from British, French and Spanish frigates that were taken as prizes by American privateers operating on the high seas. They would in turn use these same cannons to arm American merchant vessels sailing from New York and Boston. It is 62" in length with a 3.75" bore and is marked "H.F." on the breech.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

12-Pounder Iron Naval Cannon " Hope Furnace - Rhode Island" Circa 1800 A rare British style 12 pound naval cannon that has been overstruck "H.F." for the Hope Furnace Foundry in Rhode Island. With a shortage of both foundries and cannons, the American Navy utilized captured cannons from British, French and Spanish frigates that were taken as prizes by American privateers operating on the high seas. They would in turn use these same cannons to arm American merchant vessels sailing from New York and Boston. The cannon measures 82" in length with a 4 1/2" bore and is marked "H.F." on the breech.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

Three-Pounder Iron Navy Swivel Gun, Circa 1820 British Navy swivel gun, used on deck of Frigates and Merchant Marines, easily stored and aimed. They are rarely offered.

The gun measures 20.5 inches in length with a 2.9 inch bore.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

Six-Pounder American Iron Cannon, Circa 1840-1860. An unmarked American Iron six-pound field cannon in excellent condition. Although completely unmarked, it is stylistically American made, heavily cast with 3 inch trunnions. The fire hole is clear and the cascabel is intact. Certainly used by US Forces from the Mexican War to the Civil War. The total length is 39.5", the bore diameter is 2.5".

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

An 'Experimental' Iron Six Pounder Cannon, One of Eight Made This 1838 six pounder experimental cannon was only one of eight made by Cyrus Alger from iron rather than bronze. Identical to the model 1841 bronze 12-pounder, this gun represents an attempt in 1837 to produce a strong barrel with iron. Iron barrels had a tendency to burst in use, and although bronze tubes were available, they were more expensive as its main component - tin- had to be imported, whereas iron was abundant in the United States.

Cyrus Alger invented a process to produce an extremely strong barrel with extended heat treatment while still in the mold, thus removing most of the carbon from the iron, producing a metal similar to crucible steel. In 1837, 8 barrels were cast at the South Boston Iron Company, weighing approximately 787 pounds each, and serial numbered one through eight. These were inspected by George Talcot, whose initials can be found on the gun, along with a serial number "8". Alger delivered eight malleable iron barrels to the government on January 27, 1838. Little is known as to their disposition after that time.

Accompanied by brass display plaques that read as follows: "Gun serial no. 8 was found in Maryland in 1959 and purchased by an officer at Aberdeen Proving Ground for research, since no guns of that period had ever been found. After research, it was discovered that the iron in the gun was unlike that of any ever seen before, and it was as good as, or superior to, a bronze gun.
"In 1980, the New Hampshire division of Parks and Recreation discovered that one of their guns was of the same type. It had been purchased in 1840 and is serial number 5. Recently, serial number 4 showed up in the town of Lancaster in New Hampshire.
"In 1841, the iron age of guns came to an end and would not appear again in field artillery until just prior to the Civil War in the form of wrought iron or wrought iron reinforced cast iron, but never identical to gun number 8.
"In 1960, gun number 8 was loaned to Reuben Darby of Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. It was displayed at the museum and used in living history demonstrations."At this time, General Mark Clark, commandant of the Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina, was asked to conduct the first reenactment of the Civil War Centennial, the firing on the "Star of the West" in Charleston Harbor. Gun number 8 was loaned to General Clark, and had the honor of firing the first shot of the Civil War Centennial of 1961-1965.
"While at Harper's Ferry, it was used in live and blank firing and it is estimated that over 1000 rounds were put through it. In 1965, it was returned to Aberdeen, where it was displayed in the Ordnance Museum.
"The unusual weapon sat in the museum until 1979 when it was sold into private hands and used by the 15th New Jersey Volunteers of the North/South Skirmish Association.
"A second group of 'malleable' guns was delivered in December of 1838, but none have yet surfaced, and their pattern is unknown.
"Experimental gun number 8 is the only one of its type in private hands, and the only surviving one which has seen true service for over 145 years. It is still fully serviceable and can be used with live or blank charges."

The gun is on a carriage in good mechanical condition and is a wonderful and historical museum piece.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)*****

Limber Chest From The 2nd Light Battery of the Vermont Volunteers, Circa 1863 This limber chest was used by the 2nd Vermont Light Artillery in the Civil War. Used to carry ammunition for cannon in the field, in this case a six-pounder cannon, this copper and iron chest would ride atop the limber, a two-wheeled cart with an axle with a framework designed to hold the limber chest and an apparatus to receive the tongue of the gun carriage or caisson which also would carry limber chests.

The 2nd Vermont Light Artillery was organized at Brandon, Vermont in December 1861 and moved to Boston where they took the steamer Idaho for Ship Island, Louisiana where they were attached to Phelps' Brigade. They had the distinction of being the first battery to occupy New Orleans. They later saw action at Galveston, Plains Store and the Siege of Port Hudson and participated in the surrender of the Confederate forces there.

This heavy iron and copper chest has seen much duty. Measuring 42" x 17" x 20". The upraised handles measure 9" x 11". There is stenciling in white on the front reading "Light 6 Pdr Gun". On both ends the unit's name "2nd Lt. Battery Vermont Vols." is stenciled as well. The front has a hasp closure for the placing of a lock.

This is an historic piece of artillery equipment that was used to occupy New Orleans. Limber chests from the Civil War are very rare.

An English 3' Naval Cannon, Circa 1840 This 38" tube naval cannon has a 3" bore and is in good condition. The gun has a raised crown stamped into the barrel between the trunnions. It was made circa 1840 and comes with a period carriage and four Whitworth style shells along with the ammunition rack. This is an excellent presentation cannon and makes a great display weapon.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

Grand Army of The Republic Ceremonial Salute Gun, cast bronze, 2.25" bore; 35" overall, made by W. H. Nutt, Athens, Pennsylvania, ordered by a Charles T. Hull, May, 1887. Heavily engraved tube includes large "GAR" above breech. Resting on an antique carriage retaining much of its original yellow paint. This cannon is in working order. The Grand Army of the Republic, founded in 1866, was the largest Civil War veterans' organization, boasting a peak membership of some 400,000 former Union soldiers and sailors. The last G.A.R. member, Albert Wollson, died in 1956. The gentleman who ordered this cannon was likely former Sergeant Charles Hull (1835-1910), Co. "E", 141st Pennsylvania Infantry. Hull, like the cannon's maker, was from Athens, Pennsylvania.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection (Dallas, Texas)

Colt Army Model 1860 and Holster. This .44 caliber revolver, serial number 98452, features an 8" round barrel, 6-shot cylinder, loading lever and plunger, and back strap, all of iron. The trigger guard, front strap, and blade front strap are brass. The serial number appears on the barrel lug, frame, and on trigger guard flat. Wedge could not be removed. Cylinder is marked "Colt's Patent No. 8452" over "Pat. Sept 10th 1860" on circumference. Left side of frame marked "Colt's Patent" in 2 lines. Cylinder scene is present but faint. There is a "W" stamped on cylinder between a set of nipples and on frame near wedge screw. Top of barrel marked "Address Col. Sam'l Colt, New York, U. S. America". This gun was carried by Henry A. Hatcher of the 2nd Virginia Cavalry (see also Lots 72230 and 74002).

Condition: Fair. Finish on iron parts is down to white with some darker blemishes, especially on back strap. There is a cut out on the recoil shield to left of hammer. Wood grip shows some wear with chips out of butt near front strap. Inspector's cartouche is visible but not legible. Brass parts have an even patina. Holster is missing most of the finish and is cut in 2 places along back for belt. A crudely stitched loop has been sewn to the back, over the 2 cuts. Recent reinforcement stitching inside. Interesting brass finial is present.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Colt Army Model 1860. This .44 caliber revolver, serial number 6178, is the four-screw type cut for a shoulder stock. An 8" round barrel, 6-shot cylinder, loading lever and plunger, and back strap, all of iron. The trigger guard, front strap, and blade front sight are brass. The serial number appears on the barrel lug, bottom of frame, trigger guard flat, on butt strap, and bottom of wedge. Cylinder is marked "Colt's Patent no. 178" over "pat. Sept. 10th 1850" on circumference. "Colt's Patent" in 2 lines on left side of frame. Barrel marked on top "Address Col Sam'l Colt, New York, U. S. America". Cylinder scene very faint. There is a "3" stamped on trigger guard left side near frame. Wedge screw is missing. "JH" scratched on brass front strap and left side grip. "JH" scratched on brass trigger guard near front screw. This gun was carried by Henry A. Hatcher of the 2nd Virginia Cavalry (please see Lots 72230 and 74002). The initials are from another family member, also in the 2nd Virginia.

Condition: Fair. Iron parts are generally down to white with some minor pitting. Wood grip shows minor wear with only limited scratches and dings; does not index. Brass parts exhibit some dings and a generally even patina.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Tranter English Revolver. This .44 caliber revolver, serial number 2800, features a five-shot cylinder, octagon barrel, side loading lever, and the double-action trigger mechanism, all made of iron. The iron front sight is the post style inlaid into the barrel flat. The checkered hood grip shows slight wear. The cylinder does not have the serial number on the circumference but does have the proof marks between each nipple.

The top flat is marked "W. Tranter's Patent" over "Hyde & Goodrich, Agents for the United States South." There is decorative engraving on the frame, part of barrel, loading lever, trigger guard, and butt plate.

William Tranter produced revolvers under license from Deane, Adams and Deane. Tranter improved the Adams self-cocking trigger with the double action trigger mechanism. Hyde & Goodrich, New Orleans made, bought, and imported "war supplied" guns.

Condition: Good plain dark patina throughout with sharp edges. Mechanically, the revolver is sound and appears to be all original.

Provenance: Until now, in the possession of the family of Lt. Clayton Scholes, 14th New York Militia. He was killed at the Battle of First Manassas (Bull Run), July 1861. His brother traveled from Brooklyn, New York to retrieve the body and his personal effects. This revolver remained in the family. Affidavit of provenance included.

Colt Model 1849 Pocket Revolver. This .31 caliber revolver, serial number 228625, features a 5 shot cylinder, 4" octagon barrel, and loading levers. One is plugged, and all are made of iron. The trigger guard, back strap, and front sight are brass. The loading lever catch is also brass and is not standard on this model.

The full serial number appears on the barrel lug, bottom of frame, trigger guard flat, and butt strap. The number "8625" appears on the bottom of the wedge and on the circumference of the cylinder.

The barrel flat is marked "Address Col. Samuel Colt New York U.S. America". Cylinder is further marked "Colt's Patent" in faint, but readable, script. The cylinder scene is present but faint.

Condition: Mechanically sound, in good plus condition. All iron parts have a dark even patina with little pitting. Brass parts have an even patina exhibiting evidence of cleaning. The walnut grip is generally free of dings and scratches and retains 80% of the original varnish.

Rare Model 1851 Springfield Armory Cadet Musket. This .57 caliber percussion muzzleloader has a 40" barrel (53.75" in overall length), walnut stock with three barrel bands, iron mountings, bayonet lug on barrel's underside at muzzle, "VP" marking on barrel at breech, 1851 on tang, lockplate has "US" and eagle stamped in center, "SPRING/FIELD 1852" behind hammer. With trumpet-shaped ramrod. According to Flayderman, only 4,000 of these diminutive rifles were produced between 1851 and 1853. The Commonwealth of Virginia ordered some 300 of these muskets in 1851 for the cadets at VMI. Although ill-suited for war, some of these are documented to have been used on behalf of the Confederacy.

Condition: Small triangular chip behind lockplate, glossy natural sheen to wood, iron elements have light pitting; however, excellent finish remains on lockplate. Very good condition.

Group of Three Civil War Powder Flasks all made of brass and each displaying a different embossed design. The largest of the three (may be a later variation) has panels depicting the federal eagle and a scene with twenty-six stars encircling two shaking hands. Along the bottom of the flask is the US shield with assorted weapons and horn instruments, 9" long. Next is a horn depicting a hunting scene with rabbit and fowl as the bounty, 8" long. The smallest flask has much of the original surface and is embossed with a hunting dog and two pheasants on the front, 6.75" long. All three have a great look and a rich patina.

1844 "Peace Flask" with N. P. Ames Marking. An ornate brass powder flask, 9" tall by 4" wide (at the widest point) with a wonderful aged patina. The flask has a beautiful raised design on both the obverse and reverse sides consisting of an eagle facing left, atop clasped hands, in a circular star pattern. A military themed motif of crossed flags, cannons, rifles, swords and "U.S." shield complete the scene. The flask has two triangular hangers. A date of "1844" and "N. P. Ames" are stamped at the base of the spout. There are a couple of small dents to the body of the flask and the spout is dented at the opening; else, it is in overall very good condition with excellent seams. Flasks of this design are frequently referred to as "Peace Flasks" due to the clasped hand motif.

Private James Watson - His Confederate Powder Horn, 5.5" long with wooden stopper, etched with "James Watson 10 Tenn Vols. 1861" above an eagle clutching a shield flanked by flags and a cannon. Beautiful old patina; intact, and in very fine condition. Although the patriotic motifs on this item look decidedly Federal, the date requires that it be attributed to the Confederacy. Tennessee simply didn't have a U.S. 10th regiment of volunteers in 1861.

Model 1855 Rifleman's Belt and Bayonet Rig. A complete M-1855 rifleman's rig including an 1855 saber bayonet with brass ribbed handle, 21.75" bright blade; 26.5" overall; marked with an "SP" on the flat of the handle; release mechanism in working condition; tip of blade slightly bent; else, in fine condition. Complete with: leather scabbard with brass throat and tip and complete frog and straps with light crazing, else fine; M-1855 rifleman's belt, 33.5" long, 2" wide, with brass buckle and keepers slightly dry but pliable in near fine condition; and an 1855 leather cartridge box, with trimmed flap and the inner box removed, in very good condition. The rig is in beautiful condition overall, showing very little hard wear. The consignor indicates that this rig came from an old home in Georgia and was likely used by a Confederate soldier. The modified cartridge box is certainly indicative of Confederate field-modified equipment. A great rig which will display well.

Complete Union Sword Belt Rig. A wonderful intact piece of Federal equipment anchored by a Model 1851 brass sword belt plate with keeper and adjuster. Attached to the belt are two leather sword hangers, 19.5" and 11" respectively, each having two large brass rivets and secured to the belt by brass rings. A fine holster and cap box complete the rig. The flap of the cap box carries two oval stamps: "E. A. Crossman & Co. Newark N.J." and "J. C. Miller U. S. Ord Dept Sub Inspector". Given the riveting present, there is no doubt that all elements of this rig are original to one another and have been together since the Civil War. The leather is crazed and somewhat worn along its extremities, however remains supple. All brass fixtures enjoy mellow old toning. Remnants of silver paint are to be seen in the recesses of the wreath on the belt plate. Overall fine condition.

Naval Inspector Marked Tompion for 3 Inch Gun. Cast iron cap with wooden plug, 6.5" long, marked on the base of the wooden plug with an anchor and "US", inspector's mark "P.L.E.", and "3" to designate the intended size of gun. The tampion shows little, if any, wear. In fine condition.

Civil War Presentation Sword - Medal of Honor Awardee Captain Forrester Lore Taylor. It is rare that the exact details of a Civil War officer's actions leading to his being awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor come from his personal accounts of the war. Captain Forrester Lore Taylor, awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery at the Battle of Chancellorsville with the 23rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, told his story for the book Deeds of Valor (Detroit: Perrien-Keydel Company, 1907), which included the personal reminiscences of the recipients of the Medal of Honor. For his bravery on that day and as a token of their esteem upon his reenlistment to lead their new company, the men of Company "H" of the 34th New Jersey Volunteers presented this intricately engraved William Clauberg presentation sword to Captain Taylor on October 27, 1863, just five months after the action at Salem Heights during the Chancellorsville campaign.

The 32" blade, with its 22" fuller, is beautifully engraved on both sides by the Clauberg craftsmen of Solingen, Germany, and especially made for Captain Taylor. Starting at the ricasso, the "W. Clauberg Solingen" maker's mark includes a standing knight figure just below a large foliate design resembling a sunburst. Just above are stands of United States colors, crossed cannon surmounted by intricate floral designs broken by a large "U.S." A pair of crossed sabers, another two crossed cannons, a display of American flags, and scrollwork engraving complete the etching on the obverse of the blade. The reverse of the blade is highly engraved with a stand of American flags at the ricasso, similar, but not identical to the obverse. Just above is an elaborate and remarkable federal eagle with a ribbon engraved with the motto "E. Pluribus Unum". The work is set within a sunburst and is truly beautiful. Following up the fuller is another set of crossed cannons interspersed by elaborate floral work and terminating in a dramatic stand of colors and musketry.

The steel guard of the sword exhibits a federal eagle bearing arrows and an olive branch over a "U.S." device. The guard is partially hinged with a folding portion near the tang that tips toward the ricasso. The tang bears a five-pointed star on each side. The top of the grip bears an elaborate, extended floral pattern that extends the length of the sharkskin grip. There are traces of original gilt left on this sword, but it has certainly seen some wear as Captain Taylor served fourteen more months in the Union Army after being presented this sword.

The metal scabbard is in very good condition with a slight bending mark at ¾ down the scabbard. The drag shows considerable use. The throat of the scabbard is engraved:

Presented to:
Capt. Forrester L. Taylor
By the Members of his Co. (H. 34th N.J.V.)
As A Token of Regard
Oct. 27, 1863

Forrester Lore Taylor was born October 30, 1833, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He had been a member of the New Jersey militia by the start of the Civil War. When President Lincoln called militia groups into service, Taylor enlisted as a sergeant with Company "A" of the 23rd Infantry Regiment assigned to the Army of the Potomac and fighting at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Promoted three times between Fredericksburg and the unit's next action, he was made captain of Company "H" on April 18, 1863, just in time for the upcoming Chancellorsville Campaign. It was on May 3, 1863, at Salem Heights that Captain Taylor earned his citation for bravery while saving the lives of two of his men.

As recounted in Deeds of Valor, Captain Taylor's unit had encountered a strong force of Confederates and was in retreat after suffering a great number of casualties. An excerpt from the chapter entitled "On Errands of Mercy" devoted to his Medal of Honor action, reads in Captain Taylor's own words, "After the retreat was ordered, as I was hurrying down the road, I came to the prostrate form of second Lieutenant Wilson of my company, who earnestly begged me to save him. Although it looked like suicide, I could not refuse, and stood by him making several unavailing efforts to obtain aid. Finally, three of my men who were hurrying by, responded. One of them spread his blanket on the ground; we lifted the lieutenant on it, and, each taking a corner, started to the rear."

Captain Taylor's account of the battle continues for two pages of the book, a copy of which is included with this sword. Captain Taylor made two more desperate rescue attempts, succeeding in saving Corporal Joel Wainwright but not so with one of his lieutenants, Charles Sibley. Under heavy fire and thinking "discretion was the better part of valor," Captain Taylor made his way back to his lines. After a lull in the battle, Lieutenant Sibley's shoulder boards and cap were "sent to us [by the Confederates] the next morning, under a flag of truce with a message telling of his death and soldier's burial."

This is truly a moving account of a hero who was later awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his brave actions during the Civil War. This elaborate presentation sword is evidence that he was not only honored by Congress, but by his men as well. With the 34th New Jersey, Captain Taylor fought through Mississippi and Kentucky and at Island Number 10 on the Mississippi River. Captain Taylor was later brevetted as a major for his actions during the war after he was discharged on December 2, 1864 at Washington, D.C.

Included with this sword is not only research concerning Captain Taylor, but also a full plate daguerreotype of him taken sometime during the war before he was awarded this presentation sword. Hand tinted and in very good condition, the leather and velvet cased image shows Captain Taylor holding a sword attached to a Union buckled belt set he is wearing along with a silver-handled sheathed knife. Taylor has a long beard and is obviously ready for battle with a cold, hard stare for the photographer. There is some damage to the spine of the leather case that has been repaired with tape. A rare grouping of material from a winner of the prestigious Congressional Medal of Honor.

Engraved M1850 Pennsylvania Civil War Officer's Presentation Sword. A beautiful customized weapon with gilt brass furniture on both sword and scabbard. Overall length is 40.5" with a 34" blade. The ricasso is fittingly marked "Horstmann & Sons", Philadelphia's most famous military supplier of the mid-19th century. The metal scabbard's throat panel is engraved, "Capt. J. J. Cooper Co. B, 199th Reg. P.V.". James J. Cooper enlisted on September 10, 1864, only to be discharged some two months later. His regiment went on to become heavily engaged in the fighting around Petersburg and was present at Appomattox Court House. The blade of Cooper's sword is etched on both sides with conventional patriotic motifs amid floral designs. The grip is bound in shark skin accented with gold wire. Light wear as to be expected; yet, overall in lovely condition.

Identified Iowa 2nd Infantry Officer Presentation Grade Sword and Daguerreotype. This exceptional group is identified to Captain Richard B. [also listed as H.] Huston, a captain in the Iowa 2nd Infantry. Huston was a resident of Keokuk, Iowa and enlisted on May 4, 1861 as a captain. He served in Company "A" of the Iowa 2nd Infantry until he resigned on September 3, 1862 as a result of a disability.

The group includes a quarter plate (3.25" x 4.25") daguerreotype of Huston, seated in uniform, holding his sword. His hat ,with the insignia of the 2nd Iowa, is situated on a small table beside him. The sharp image clearly shows the details of his uniform and sword. It is in a Union case manufactured by Littlefield, Parsons & Company of the "The Sweet Potato Dinner" type (Krainik 17). While the image is fine, the case has suffered damage situated primarily around the area of the hinges. The resultant loss has caused the lid to separate from the lower portion of the case. There are a few other chips and cracks present.

The fantastic gilt sword pictured in the image is also included in the group. The blade measures 32" long, 37" to the top of the pommel. There is some light engraving on the blade, mainly floral in nature. The grip is wire-wrapped mother of pearl. The guard has an Indian, tobacco leaves, shield and contra-eagle design. The pommel is of the Roman helmet style. The sword is in very good condition with only light discoloration to the blade, the tip bent slightly, and a small area of mother of pearl missing near the ferrule. The grip is missing the wire wrap on three of the nine grooves. The sword is complete in its original decoratively etched scabbard. There is only minor wear to the scabbard and one or two small dents. Both sword hanger rings are present.

The vintage of the sword probably pre-dates Huston's Civil War service as evidenced by the commission document included with the group. The document, one page, matted to 8.5" x 12.75", and framed under glass to 16.5" x 20", is dated March 22, 1858, and appoints Huston Quarter Master General of the state of Iowa. The commission is signed by Iowa governor Ralph P. Lowe. The document has crease marks and some remnants of old adhesive tape residue; else, it is in very good condition.

Model 1860 Cavalry Sword. 34.5" slightly curved blade, 41" overall. A sound example of the M1860 cavalry sword for enlisted ranks with a two-branch (half-basket) hilt and wire-wrapped leather grip. The plain blade is marked "AMES MFG. CO/ CHICOPEE" on the ricasso. The scabbard is iron with two rings for carrying slings and a well-developed drag. The sword is in good condition with only minimal age toning to the blade, a few small chips to the cutting edge, and most of the wire wrap missing from the grip. One of the branches on the guard appears to have been bent slightly downward or else this is a manufacturer's variation. The scabbard is moderately dented and uniformly rusted, else in good condition.

Civil War Presentation Sword - Captain Samuel A. Moore of the 14th Connecticut Infantry who Fought at Gettysburg. This Clauberg infantry officer's sword made in Solingen, Germany was owned by Captain and future Lieutenant Colonel Samuel A. Moore of the 14th Connecticut Infantry, a unit that fought at Gettysburg. The unit was present at Petersburg and witnessed the Mine explosion and fought during the siege of the city. Captain Moore distinguished himself at Gettysburg, leading his men on July 2nd and 3rd of 1863 against the Confederates at Bliss Farm near Cemetery Ridge. As Confederate sharpshooters found their range, the men of Company "F" took heavy casualties, but the unit recovered and helped repulse Pickett's charge on July 3rd. A monument today stands at the Bliss Farmhouse at Gettysburg which commemorates the fight.

This sword was carried by Captain Moore and bears the maker's mark of "W. Clauberg" above the etched figure of a knight with "Solingen" below at the ricasso. Etching continues up the blade with a stand of colors, a federal shield and drums surmounted by foliate etching, the letters "U.S." and continued foliate etching to the length of the 21" double fuller. The reverse of the 32" blade includes the same engraving only with a federal eagle with a ribbon in its beak bearing the words "E. Pluribus Unum". The steel hilt of the sword has an even gray patina with a 4" twisted wire with ten turns around the ray skin grip. The hilt is in the 1822 British pattern as illustrated in John H. Thillmann's Civil War Cavalry and Artillery Sabers (page 462). The steel scabbard has two 3" brass mounts with rings and a trumpet throat and a 6" drag, all brass. At the upper mount, above the engraved laurel wreath band, is engraved the soldier's name "Capt. S. A. Moore". The scabbard shares the same even gray patina as the sword making this not only a historic piece, but an attractive one as well.

Captain Moore's red field chair with his initials and unit information is being offered in a separate lot in this auction.

Provenance: The Headley Collection

Union Army Foot Officer's Sword. This sword has a 31" highly engraved foliate patterned blade depicting a stand of flags above the crosshatched ricasso and a federal shield further up the blade that has seen much wear. At the midpoint of the fuller, there is engraved "U.S." The reverse of the blade is nicely engraved as well with "E. Pluribus Unum", a depiction of cannon and arms, as well as a federal eagle. The 4" grip is of ray skin, which has worn down to the underlying wood on one side. The highly carved guard retains some gilt however the knucklebow is slightly loose at the pommel cap. The metal scabbard has been highly used as well with a dark brown patina. This would make a great display piece.

Civil War Naval Cutlass by Ames. This Civil War naval boarding cutlass was manufactured in 1862 by the Ames Manufacturing Company of Chicopee, Massachusetts. Constructed with the distinctive cup-shaped guard made of sheet brass, this design followed the French pattern of 1833. The cup is riveted to the brass guard, the grip is made of leather and is missing its original twisted brass wire. The curved 26" blade is marked "Ames Mfg. Co. Chicopee, Mass." at the ricasso and bears a stamp of "NJ" there as well. The deep, wide fuller extends 18" down the blade. The black leather scabbard is secured by a series of copper rivets and is missing its throat and drag. The brass frog is with the scabbard but is detached from the leather. This is a rare naval cutlass that will make a nice display piece.

Union Infantry Officer's Sword with Clauberg Blade. This infantry officer's sword has a blade manufactured by the W. Clauberg Company of Solingen, Germany. Measuring 31" in length, the blade has a 21" fuller and the maker's mark at the ricasso below floral etching on each side of the "U.S." device at 8" up the blade. On the reverse, at 8", is etched the federal eagle with the "E. Pluribus Unum" ribbon in its beak. The hilt has a single brass knuckle-bow with a Horstman-style guard and a ray skin grip with 50% of its original brass, twisted wire intact. The accompanying scabbard is metal with two brass mounts, throat and drag.

1840 Pattern Medical Staff or Pay Department Sword. Manufactured by Ames Manufacturing Company, Chicopee, Massachusetts, blade 30", .75" wide at the hilt, 36½" overall to top of pommel, with scabbard, in very good condition. The 1840 pattern sword served double duty as both a Pay Department sword and Medical Staff sword. The blade is elliptical in cross section and etched on each side with floral sprays, military themes, American eagle with ribbon bearing the motto "E Pluribus Unum", and caduceus. The grip is gilded brass with an oak leaf and acorn motif; on the obverse side is an oval medallion bearing an American eagle. The reverse side has a similar medallion left blank obviously intended to receive the owner's name. The pommel is shaped like a pineapple. The guard consists of floral motif quillons and two shields, one on the obverse and one on the reverse. The obverse shield is bordered with a floral motif within which are arranged 13 stars. The reverse shield is unadorned. The scabbard is gilded brass and engraved with floral decoration on the obverse side and is plain on the reverse side. There are two suspension rings present on the scabbard. The overall condition of this rare sword is very good with some wear to the gilt mainly on the grip, some age darkening to the blade, and a few dents (one which has slightly cracked the metal) to the scabbard and what appears to be an old solder repair to the lower suspension ring.

1863 Ames Civil War Musician's Sword. This 1863 Ames Musician's sword has a 28" blade marked "Ames Mfg. Co. Chicopee, Mass." at the ricasso. It is marked "U.S." and "1863" at the ricasso on the reverse with an inspector's mark of "ADK". The blade, with a central fuller that runs nearly the entire length of the blade, has an even light gray patina. This sword has a single bar brass knuckle-bow which extends into a straight quillon and etched 4" brass grip. The scabbard is all metal and has black lacquer finish with about 60% finish remaining. Emerson is the maker of the scabbard.The 5" throat is equipped with a frog, and the drag measures 6½" making this sword and scabbard a nice display piece. Ames was the most famous American swordmaker of the 19th century.

Future Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith 1847 Presentation Sword for Heroism During the Mexican War. Edmund Kirby Smith would serve honorably and well with the Confederate States Army, making a significant contribution at First Manassas and receiving promotions from colonel at the beginning of the war to the rank of full general by the close of the war. But Smith had honors bestowed upon him by earlier armies who fought under him. This ornate presentation sword is proof of his early military acumen.

A Florida native and 1845 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, he quickly came under fire in the Mexican War at the Battle of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and Churubusco. He was promoted to captain on August 20, 1847, which prompted his men to present him with this ornate sword. With a 31" blade, this staff officer's sword measures 37" overall. While having a highly-etched blade, this type of sword was actually very serviceable and saw much use as it is double-edged and well-balanced with a 1" wide blade. The blade has cross-hatching at the ricasso with an elaborate floral design extending 16" up the blade through a central fuller. There is no maker's mark. The sword has an elaborate foliate shaped heavy guard, or elongated quillon which is capped by a brass ferrule below a carved bone grip that is cracked at three places. It has a knuckle-guard chain intact that extends from the quillon to the pommel which is in the form of an open eagle's beak.

The pommel has come loose from the grip but can be easily secured under the ferrule. The scabbard is made of gilded brass with floral engraving at the two mounts and at the midpoint of the scabbard. There is a frog stud attached to the upper mount. The elaborate presentation engraving occurs between the mounts as follows: "To Capt. Edmund K. Smith By Your Fellow Officers & Men 7th Inf Sept. 1847". An elaborate engraved period federal eagle holding a shield and a quiver of arrows separates the remainder of the dedication as follows: "-For- Bravery, Courage Leadership Cerro Gordo Contreras Churubusco". This is a beautiful and historic sword presented to one the greatest military officers in American history. It is emblematic of the early careers and early wartime accomplishments that so many of the Civil War generals experienced before the conflict between the North and South.

Confederate Presentation Foot Officer's Sword With Brass Scabbard Made by E. J. Johnston of Macon, Georgia. An extraordinary presentation staff officer's sword. In old English script:

Presented to
Lt. Coln. W. B. Betts 13th Regt. Ala. Vols
By a few of his brother officers for gallant conduct on the battlefield
1862

Lieutenant Colonel William Betts, from Macon, Georgia, was named major of the newly-formed 13th Alabama Infantry and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel before resigning his commission. The unit saw action at Seven Pines, Yorktown, and Fredericksburg. At Gettysburg, Betts' unit suffered 50% losses.

Probably the most unique feature of this sword is the brass scabbard, which is profusely engraved with a floral design. Between the top and middle mount, under stylized 6 pointed stars, is "CS" which is over a spread-winged eagle facing right; the eagle appears to be rising from flames. Under the eagle is engraved "US". Below the middle mount is a stand of two Confederate First National Flags with 6 pointed stylized stars. The blade, which is loose to the hilt since the washer is missing, is etched on top as well as both sides from the ricasso to within 7½" of the point.

The right side of the blade has the normal floral pattern, etched with a panel "E. J. Johnston & Co., Macon, Ga." Below this are crossed cannons, muskets with bayonets, halberds, pikes, and two sets of flags. The first appear to be regimental. Additionally, there are two Confederate First National flags with stylized stars. The opposite side of the blade is etched with much of the same design- cannon, flags, etc. The guard has a brown stained wood grip with petite twisted brass wire. The hilt retains some of its original gilt.

Provenance: The sword recently came from the Betts family where the sword has remained since the Civil War and has never before been on the market.

Confederate Officer's Cavalry Saber With Brass Scabbard Made by Thomas Griswold & Co. New Orleans. The brass scabbard on this sword has minor dings and only very minor scratches. The initial "B" is scratched on the top left side of the scabbard. The brass mounts, rings, and drag are original to the scabbard. The blade is bright, stamped with the firm name in an arch, "THOMAS. GRISWOLD (& Co.)" over NE(W ORLEANS); the stamp was apparently struck at an angle omitting part of the firm name and city.

The blade is an 1840 wrist-breaker style with file stopped fuller which exhibits very minor pitting at the ricasso on right side. The blade length is 35 1/8" with what appears to be its original leather washer; the overall length of the sword is 41¼". The guard is a standard style used by the firm with vines on the pommel and two of the guard branches. The brown leather and twisted copper wire warp are in excellent condition. Thomas Griswold, after dissolving his partnership with A. L. Hyde, continued to produce all kinds and types of swords, sabers, and cutlasses at their facilities located at 15 Chartres in New Orleans. The operation continued until the fall of New Orleans on May 1, 1862.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Brass Grip Bowie Knife. A heavy Bowie-style knife of unknown maker with 11.75" clipped point blade; 16.5" overall; 1.5" wide blade with heavy cast brass grip with integral guard and rounded pommel. Of particular note are the numerals "XXIII" crudely etched on the underside of the guard. One wonders if the numerals indicate a regiment, e.g. 23rd Virginia Infantry, the 23rd knife made by this particular individual, or more fancifully, the original owner's record of coups in battle. In any case, this is an interesting variation in the popular collecting genre of Confederate personal side weapons. Some age tarnishing to the blade with a few chips in the sharpened edge, else very good condition. Please see lot 72212 in this sale for a similar weapon marked "XXII".

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate D-Guard Bowie Knife. An impressive knife made from a worn out file with an 11.5" long single-edge blade with clipped point, 1.75" wide, measuring 16.75" overall. The D-guard is made of heavy wrought iron with a turned down quillon. The round wood grip has two decorative grooves carved at the center and the initials "TM" and "CSA" carved on the top of the grip. The metal has a nice patina, and the wooden grip likewise has toned nicely with age. Though crude in construction, the knife is still a well-made example of this highly collectible style of Confederate edged weapon.

Important Painted Silk Presentation Flag of The 3rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, 54" x 60", maker unknown. A professionally rendered Great Seal of the State of Pennsylvania dominates one side of this historic and attractive Union regimental banner. Set against a dark blue background having yellow fringe, the state's colorful seal is meticulously painted with special attention given to the interplay between light and shadow. A scrolled foliate border encloses this central device and incorporates two flowing streamers on which dedications are made. The upper banner reads "In Memory Of Captain Walter S. Newhall" while the lower one is "To The Third Pennsyla. Cavalry, Dec: 1863". The flag, though certainly eye-catching, needs conservation since its fields are considerably degraded by loss and separation. This issue was crudely addressed during the early 20th century by backing the flag with a more stable matrix. As a result, there are numerous tiny stitches visible throughout. Some fading has also occurred over the years. This is especially evident in the background, which is of three-piece construction. Color variations between these elements indicate that different batches of silk and/or dyes were used.

In late December, 1863 Philadelphia politician Clement Barclay traveled to Virginia on behalf of the city's well-wishers and presented this battle flag to the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry then encamped near Warrenton. The regiment carried this standard for the rest of the war, raising it over the Wilderness, Petersburg, and Appomattox. At war's end, the flag was retired and given to Captain Newhall's family, who would maintain custody of the relic into the 21st century.

When first made, the flag did not name Captain Newhall and was likely intended as a token of thanks to Philadelphia's homegrown cavalry for their part in stopping the rebels at Gettysburg. The original upper banner read "Presented By The Grateful Citizens Of Philadelphia" but was altered after Newhall was tragically killed on December 18, 1863.

Walter Symons Newhall (1841-1863) was born in Philadelphia and raised in Germantown. A gifted athlete, Newhall began preparing himself for military service early in 1861. Securing a 2nd lieutenant's commission, the young Pennsylvanian soon found himself in Missouri serving directly under General John Fremont, renowned explorer and first presidential candidate of the Republican Party. Newhall saw some combat under Fremont in Missouri, was promoted to 1st Lieutenant, and managed to find a place in the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry by January, 1862. The Peninsular Campaign that opened with the spring offered Newhall a chance to prove his abilities. He successfully rode as a courier and became an aide to General Heintzelman. A promotion to captain followed on June 23. Although the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry participated in the Army of the Potomac's major engagements throughout 1862 and early 1863, Newhall's grand "moment" came at Gettysburg on the second day. Rushing to assist George Armstrong Custer's 1st Michigan Cavalry, Newhall attacked Wade Hampton's cavalry and was severely wounded in the process by color bearer William Harrison of the 13th Virginia Cavalry. The Pennsylvanian's brave attempt to capture a Confederate flag, although unsuccessful, made him a hero to the men of his regiment and to the folks back home.

Captain Newhall's wounds healed after some three months, and he began the journey north for Christmas with his family. On December 18, while en route to Pennsylvania, Newhall's horse slipped while crossing an icy tributary feeding the Rappahannock River. Newhall sadly drowned in the accident, being pinned underwater beneath his fallen horse. After two years of gallant frontline service with the 3rd Pennsylvania, culminating in heroism at Gettysburg, Newhall was deeply mourned by all. The new regimental flag, yet to be presented, was quickly altered to bear Newhall's name and thus serve as an inspiration to those who would fight on to ensure the Union's ultimate victory.

Included with the flag are two highly important associated books as follows: Walter S. Newhall. A Memoir, various editors, (Philadelphia: C. Sherman & Son, 1864), 140 pages, 8vo (6" x 8.5"), card covers. This life of Newhall was published at the request of the Philadelphia Sanitary Commission. The narrative is largely drawn from his own letters. A front free endpaper is inscribed by the deceased's brother, Captain Frederick Newhall, "To Miss Charlotte G. Emery. With kind regards. F. Newhall Philad. Mar. 26th 1864.". Covers worn with loose spine, mild internal foxing. Good condition. The second book is History of the Third Pennsylvania Cavalry compiled by the Regimental History Committee, (Philadelphia: Franklin Printing Company, 1905), 614 pp., 4to (7" x 10"), blue card covers. This detailed regimental history contains a full page photograph of the Newhall Memorial Flag offered here. Two library plates on inside front cover, internally fine, covers worn. Very good condition.

Eleven-Star Confederate First National Flag, 16" x 9.5", coarse linen, printed on both sides. The flag's blue canton has a large central star circled by ten smaller ones. It was likely made in 1861 prior to the admission of Missouri and Kentucky into the Confederacy. Battle flags and Second National flags sport thirteen stars. Staining and pattern transfer on the upper horizontal red bar. This flag is remarkably sound and in very fine condition.

U.S. Regimental Silk Flag, 35 Hand Painted Gold Stars, with Gold Silk Fringe, ca. 1863. A regulation size U.S. Army regimental flag with beautiful gold silk fringe and 35 hand painted 5-pointed stars 2½" in diameter, contracted from a Philadelphia, PA clothing depot. Regulation Government Issue U.S. National Color made under contract (either Horstmann Brothers and Co. or Evans & Hassel) in 1863. Flag measures 70" on its staff exclusive of the fringe by 76 1/8" on the fly, also exclusive of the fringe. Field consists of 13 alternating horizontal red and white silk stripes approximately 5½" wide. Inset into the upper staff corner is a dark blue silk canton 38" on the hoist by 27 1/8" on the fly, including the sleeve bearing painted to both sides 35 5-pointed stars, each 2½" across their points. Thirty of the stars are set in 2 concentric elliptical rings. Ten in the inner ring, which measures 9" wide by 20½" high and 20 stars in the outer ring which measures 20" wide by 30½" high. An additional star decorates the center of the canton and four others are located in each of the corners of the canton. A 2" deep yellow silk fringe twisted and knotted decorates the three exterior edges. The pike or staff edge has been doubled over and lined to form a sleeve 2¾" wide when flat. The flag does not show any regimental markings and is in excellent condition for its age and composition. The main fractures to the silk are in the bleached white silk stripes. The color of the flag is bright and fresh.

Authentication: Letters of authenticity and research from renowned Civil War flag expert and author Howard Michael Madaus.

Very Rare U.S. Navy "Boat Ensign" Captured at Battery Wagner in 1863. This boat ensign is of the type used on U.S. Navy launches and other small craft such as those that attacked Battery Wagner on Morris Island near Charleston, South Carolina during the Civil War. Captain Charles E. Chichester, commanding a battery of Confederate cannon at the front, captured this flag as the Union troops unsuccessfully assaulted the fort on July 11, 1863, just one week before the assault made famous in the film Glory was repulsed as well. Copies of Captain Chichester's muster rolls, correspondence, and other records are included with this flag.

Measuring 43" at the hoist and 81½" on the fly, this flag bears evidence of its extensive use in battle. The blue field is faded and torn with holes, most likely from gunshots, as is the entire flag. Made of red, white, and blue bunting, the flag has 13 five-pointed stars on the obverse with the cloth cut away to reveal the stars on the reverse. It was often the practice to include only 13 stars on boat ensigns to increase the visibility of the stars at sea. This flag conforms to the Union regulations for the "Number 12" U.S. ensign with its 13 stripes and its alternating use of three, then two stars.

This example of a flag used during the failed invasion at Battery Island is very rare and historically important.

36-Star Hand-Sewn Cotton Flag. This 70" x 36" 36-star flag was created some time after the admission of Nevada to the Union in October 1864. It is very distinctive in that it has a design in the pattern of six stars in six rows with 13 stripes. The official design, approved in July 1865, incorporated a different design showing that this is a hand-sewn flag made during the Civil War. Measuring 70" at the fly and 36" at the hoist, the 36 hand-appliquéd stars are incorporated on both sides into the 19" square blue canton. There are many small holes, especially at the fly, and stains that appear to be dried blood. At the hoist, there are several holes by which the flag was, at one time, attached to a staff. This is an overall good presentation flag in a unique pattern found only in hand-sewn wartime flags.

Provenance: The Crow Art Partnership Collection

Grant and Colfax Cloth Campaign Flag. Campaign flags are among the most desired of 19th century campaign items owing to their colorful display appeal and rarity. While this style bears a close resemblance to a couple of varieties pictured in Threads Of History, this particular design is unrecorded. Its diminutive size, 7" x 5.25", as compared to most flags, makes it much more appealing for display purposes and is an obvious rarity. The example we present is worn along the bottom edge and has brown toning throughout as one might expect. Otherwise this flag presents in very bold red, white, and blue colors and is complete.

Cased 1/6th Plate Ambrotype of a Federal Captain. The sitter wears a military vest beneath a dark blue frock coat sporting seven gilt eagle buttons of an indeterminate service branch. Captain's bars on the uniform's shoulder straps are clearly visible even without magnification, making this a splendid photograph of a Civil War junior officer. Minor scratches to the fields do not detract from the overall quality of the image. Worn case intact with original hinge fabric.

U.S. Lieutenant Edward Bassett Goodyear 1/6th Plate Tintype. The bearded young fellow in this image is from the 43rd New York Infantry. Unarmed, he wears a dark blue shell jacket with what appear to be the shoulder straps of a first lieutenant. Lightly hand-tinted; decent surfaces with minor peripheral scratching from an earlier frame. Bassett enlisted as a sergeant in Co. "H", 43rd New York Volunteers on August 9, 1861 and would serve until being discharged a captain on June 27, 1865. The 43rd New York participated in every major campaign waged by the Army of the Potomac. Basset was an active participant, being wounded at the Wilderness and Cedar Creek. An index card accompanying the image stresses his presence at Gettysburg and states he is buried in St. James Cemetery in Nagatuck, Connecticut. Photocopies of Bassett's service record are included in this lot.

Cased 1/6th Plate Tintype of a Federal First Sergeant. Seven general service eagle buttons are seen on the nine-button shell jacket worn by this affable young soldier. Three chevrons cradling a diamond on each sleeve indicate his rank. The tintype is within a glass-covered patriotic brass mat embossed with Union shields, flags, and crossed weaponry. The whole is housed in a decorative gutta-percha case depicting a beehive on either side. Clean, intact and very fine condition.

Cased 1/6th Plate Tintype of an Armed Federal Infantryman. A high crowned forage cap tops this defender of the Union. He stands in a standard nine-button frock coat next to a musket fixed with bayonet. The weapon is likely a studio prop since the subject wears neither belt rig nor cross belt. With brass mat under glass and housed in a gutta-percha case, the top lid of which shows a seated Liberty flanked by symbols of commerce and agriculture. Pleasing light iridescent haloing where the image meets matt. Overall very fine condition.

Cased Pair of Union Soldier 1/6th Plate Tintypes. Two uniformed subjects, likely brothers, had their portraits placed together in a double gutta-percha case molded with a stag on both sides. One fellow wears a cavalryman's shell jacket and has a forage cap having stamped brass crossed sabers on its crown. The other portrait shows the head and shoulders of a slightly older youth clothed in what appears to be an officer's coat and vest. The uniform, however, lacks insignia. Overall very fine condition.

Cased 1/6th Plate Ambrotype of a Federal Corporal. This balding non-com sits in a standard nine-button frock coat emblazoned with corporal's chevrons on each sleeve. He also wears an accouterment belt affixed with a regulation US oval plate. Matted in brass under glass and housed in a gutta-percha case molded on both sides with a ship sailing past a fort. The portrait has a tiny area of scratches in the left field and has haloing around the edges of the matt. Very fine condition.

Cased 1/4th Plate Tintype of a Federal Private. The subject in this full length studio portrait wears a nine-button shell jacket having bold piping on each sleeve. A kepi, military trousers, and vest complete his outfit. The image is in a brass mat under glass and housed in a gutta-percha case molded on both sides with the largely mythical scene of Francis Marion offering a British officer sweet potatoes during the American Revolution. Minor chipping to the case's extremities and somewhat loose hinges. Overall fine condition.

Cased 1/6th Plate Tintype of a Federal Soldier Wearing a 22nd Corps Badge. A confident Union private strikes a casual seated pose for the photographer. The significance of this image can be found in the five-branched 22nd Corps badge affixed to the crown of his kepi. This corps was formed early in 1863 for the defense of Washington and became heavily engaged at Fort Stevens during Jubal Early's July, 1864 attack on the Federal capital. The photograph, secured in a brass mat under glass, is housed in a gutta-percha case molded with a fanciful agrarian scene on both sides. Some minor chipping to the extremities of the case, else very fine condition.

Cased 1/6th Plate Tintype of an Armed Union Private. A forage cap, frock coat, musket and fixed bayonet combine to give us the classic image of a Yankee volunteer off to war. The subject also wears a belt rig held together by an oval plate, the face of which is obscured by the soldier's weapon. Matted in brass under very thick glass and mounted in a brown gutta-percha case molded with patriotic motifs. Very fine condition.

Ruby Ambrotype of a Black Union Soldier in Full Uniform, 1/9th plate, in a 2" x 3" "Geometric" Union Case (Krainik 482). The soldier, one of the many blacks that joined the Union Forces, is wearing a frock coat and kepi. The case is missing the thumb-piece. The image is dark with some scuffing to the plate. A fine, rare ambrotype.

Scarce 1/4th Plate Ambrotype of Federal Infantry Officer. The serious nature of war is embodied by the somber expression worn by this frock-coated disciple of Mars. A partially obscured stamped brass infantry bugle is pinned to the front of his forage cap while he wears a two-part militia belt plate with an eagle device on its tongue. One of the officer's hands rests upon the pommel of his sword. The rank indicated on the shoulder boards is illegible given reflected light. Matted in brass under glass and mounted in a gutta-percha frame with brass hanging loops on the back. One light scratch in field and a few tiny spots on the emulsion, else very fine condition. Insignificant chips to frame mentioned for accuracy.

Three Images of an Identified Vermont Musician. The first, and most important, photograph is a cased 1/6th plate tintype showing a seated volunteer wearing a musician's frock coat and holding a kepi, the crown of which carries an infantry bugle and the number "14". The image is crystal clear with excellent tonal contrasts such as those more commonly found with ambrotypes. A minor scratch in the field and three tiny spots are all that keep the tintype from being pristine. In an original case that shows normal wear. Based on an inscribed CDV in this group, the sitter has been identified as Martin V. Williams of Danby, Vermont. Williams enlisted as a musician in Company "C", 14th Vermont Infantry on October 21, 1862 for a term of nine months. His regiment, originally assigned to the defenses of Washington, saw combat in only one major battle: Gettysburg! The 14th Vermont was rushed up to Pennsylvania from Northern Virginia and earned its place in history by helping repulse Pickett's Charge. True to their terms of enlistment, the 14th left glory behind, returned to Vermont, and mustered out on July 30, 1863. Other images in this group include the aforementioned inscribed CDV, which shows Williams with a friend, one of a "May Williams", and a final CDV of Martin Williams as a civilian with an F. Mowrey, Rutland, VT backmark. These collateral items are in very good condition with expected toning and light stains.

Cased 1/9th Plate Ruby Ambrotype of a Federal Corporal. Twin chevrons are stitched onto the sleeves of this fresh-faced Yankee lad. His forage cap has the company letter "F" on its face. This image enjoys excellent tonal contrasts and immaculate surfaces. The molded gutta-percha case features a patriotic martial scene on the lid that consists of a cannon, flag, and tent. Minor chipping to extremities, else very fine condition.

Cased Tintype of an Armed Union Cavalryman. An unusual CDV-sized image, matted to an overall 3" x 4.25". Seated in a folding camp chair, this trooper wears a standard cavalry shell jacket with a high crowned forage cap bearing crossed stamped brass sabers and the company letter "H". He grips his sheathed saber firmly while staring directly into the camera. In a brass matt and housed in a gutta-percha case decorated with molded geometric floral designs on both sides. A few minor edge nicks, else very fine condition.

Cased 1/9th Plate Ruby Ambrotype of Federal Soldier. Although the uniform shown here has very little to distinguish it, the soldier's allegiance comes through loud and clear via the image's packaging. The brass mat is stamped with American flags whereas the molded gutta-percha case carries flag-waving eagles on both sides under a ribbon reading "Union Forever". Attractive light blue haloing around image, very fine condition.

Cased Pair of 1/6th Plate Tintypes Showing Armed Federals, most likely a father-son team from the upper Midwest. One image is of a bearded man in early middle age bearing a distinct resemblance to the hardened youth in the second image. Both men pose with imported .54 caliber Lorenz rifled muskets, with the older soldier also holding what appears to be a standard non-commissioned officer's sword. Belt rigs, both waist and shoulder, are worn along with loose fitting sack coats. These soldiers hardly convey the fresh and polished look of raw Federal recruits. Rather, they have the lean, predatory look of seasoned veterans who have campaigned hard. Housed in a molded gutta-percha case having patriotic motifs on the lid, most notably a central eagle and flag. Some haloing, a few spots of corrosion to one mat. Overall very fine condition.

Cased 1/4th Plate Tintype of an Armed Federal Private. The backbone of the Union Army consisted of these eager young fellows who rushed into photography studios upon enlistment. This recruit wears a standard issue frock coat with kepi. A belt rig supporting a cap box is secured around his waist by a US oval plate. His musket is at the ready with a fixed bayonet. The studio backdrop is painted with a verdant landscape hosting a Sibley tent topped by an American flag. The image has excellent tonal qualities and is much brighter than most tintypes. When angled toward light, a matte finish is revealed. Protected in a brass mat under glass and housed in a gutta-percha case having Cupid subduing a stag on both sides. A few minor scratches in the field and some wear to case, else very fine condition.

Cased Pair of 1/6th Plate Tintypes of Federal Artillery Privates. These two fellows are wearing identical frock coats and were probably close friends. They can be identified as artillerymen because one of the soldiers is shown with a Hardee hat carrying crossed cannon insignia. Both images are in brass mats under glass and come housed in a double gutta-percha case molded on both sides with patriotic motifs, the central one being a scroll reading "CONSTITUTION AND THE LAWS". Some light crazing to one image and minor imperfections on both. Overall very fine condition.

Cased 1/9th Plate Tintype of a Union Soldier. This generic head-and-shoulders studio portrait carries two revenue stamps on its underside and is housed in a remarkable gutta-percha Union case. Both sides are deeply molded with a Union shield, crossed flags and a Liberty cap resting upon a fasces. The image's protective glass is milky where exposed to the photograph, which is quite clear when removed from the matt. The case is in excellent condition with only the smallest edge nicks.

Cased 1/6th Plate Tintype of an Armed Federal Soldier. Everything about this image, including its presentation, makes it a splendid memento of the Civil War. A seated Union private holding his Springfield wears a standard nine-button frock coat, a US oval belt plate, an eagle breastplate, and a belt rig equipped with a cap box. Of considerable interest is a diamond-shaped metal border pinned to his kepi next to its diminutive buckle. This appears to be a Third Corps badge lacking its colored felt divisional insert. The image is behind an ornate brass mat loaded with patriotic imagery and reading "Constitution and Union" around the inner rim edging the tintype. A gutta-percha case molded front and back with a scene of a Monitor-style ironclad completes the piece. The tintype enjoys excellent surfaces with only slight emulsion crazing that cannot be seen when the image is viewed head on. Overall very fine condition.

Tintype of Private Martin B. Eddy, 6th Connecticut Infantry and His Engraved Gilmore Medal. The hand-tinted tintype is 2.75" x 3.25", cased in the scarce "USS Monitor at Port" Union Case (Krainik #99 - unfortunately the case is damaged), the medal is 35mm in diameter and in a silk and velvet lined case. The image of Eddy shows him in a nine-button frock coat. He enlisted on August 26, 1861 as a private in Company "G" of the 6th Connecticut Volunteers. He was wounded on July 18, 1863 at Fort Wagner, South Carolina. On October 28, 1863, Major General Quincy A. Gillmore issued an order creating "medals of honor for gallantry and meritorious conduct during the operations before Charleston" and awarding them to enlisted men of his command who had been in action in the batteries and trenches. The medal, designed by Ball, Black, and Company of New York, was suspended by a swivel from a metal clasp. Since the Gillmore Medal was issued on the local authority of General Gillmore, it was considered an unofficial decoration by the United States Army, but was permitted for wear on a military uniform. The medal and image are in very fine condition.

1/4th Plate Tintype of a Group of Soldiers and Civilians Including Young Boys in Uniform. A group of standing men and boys including several in men in what appear to be Union uniforms and three or four very young boys in shell jackets. Though it can't be determined for certain, the young boys may be Confederate boy soldiers. The image is quite clear but has a few scratches to the surface. It is housed in a worn leather case complete with gilted brass floral mat and frame. Very good condition.

1/9th Plate Tintype of Unidentified Union Private Holding a Mallet and Tent Peg. A unique image that clearly shows a rather determined look on the Union soldier's face. Dressed in the standard uniform and kepi, the image retains the original gilt brass frame and exceptional military-themed mat housed in a complete leather case. The image is sharp with just a hint of crazing to a small section of the surface. An interesting image that is a departure from the usual staged poses with muskets, swords and pistols.

1/6th Plate Tintype of Seated Union Private Before the Benton Barracks Backdrop. An exquisite and accurately hand-tinted tintype of an unidentified Union private. The tinting of the uniform is so well done that it almost looks like a color photograph. The background is purported to be one found at Benton Barracks located just outside St. Louis, Missouri. The image is exceptionally clear and is complete with original gilt brass frame and housed in the lower portion of a leather case (top portion missing).

1/6th Plate Tintype of a Seated Union Officer With Sword and Wearing a Slouch Hat. An extremely sharp hand-tinted image of a seated unidentified Union officer posed with his hand on his 1860 pattern cavalry sword. The details of his uniform including his shell jacket and belt plate are clearly visible. The image is housed in a worn leather case with a broken hinge, with original ornate gilt brass mat and frame. Fine condition.

1/6th Plate Tintype of an Identified 79th Pennsylvania Soldier Killed at Murfreesboro. A slightly dark but clear hand-tinted image of a standing Union soldier with his musket identified as Corporal William K. Patton of the Pennsylvania 79th Volunteer Infantry. Patton enlisted on September 5, 1861 as a corporal and mustered into company "H" of Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. He died as a result of wounds sustained at Murfreesboro, Tennessee on January 13, 1863. The image is in the lower half of a leather case with original gilt mat and frame. Very good condition.

Archive of Photos and Documents Relating to Sergeant Elias Westfall, 7th New York Heavy Artillery including: cased tinted tintype of Westfall wearing a Zouave fez, 2.75" x 3.25", with clipped corners; a tinted tintype of Elias Westfall and his younger brother, John Westfall, Jr., 2.5" x 3", in a fine inlaid papier mache case, both men in nine-button frock coats; promotion document naming Elias Westfall sergeant, 15" x 10", June 6, 1865, Fort Federal Hall, signed by Lieutenant S. Loeb and Colonel R. C. Duryea; and, a two-page pension certificate of Catherine Westfall, widow of Elias Westfall, May 31, 1918. The promotion document is toned and folded, the case with the Elias Westfall is torn at the spine, and the papier mache case shows normal wear. Otherwise, all items are in very good condition.

1/4th Plate Tintype Image of a Large Group of Union Soldiers Taken Before the Battle at Chickamauga of about 50 armed Union soldiers in various poses which the consignor indicates was taken shortly before the battle at Chickamauga, Georgia in September of 1863. The clear image provides a wonderful study of uniforms and equipment. Bayonets are fixed and the faces of the men appear tense. One is struck by the youth of the men in this unidentified regiment. The image is housed in half of a case and still retains the gilt brass frame. There is a surface crack in the lower third of the image, else it is sharp, clear and in very good condition.

Union Infantry Soldiers With Muskets 1/4th Plate Tintype. An exceptional hand-tinted image of two seated Union soldiers with muskets and fixed bayonets. This wonderfully sharp image reveals a wealth of details including the soldier's Hardee style hats with infantry insignia, their belt plates, cartridge boxes and weapons. Noteworthy is the fact that each soldier has a knife tucked into his belt. This beautiful image comes housed in the bottom half of a leather case with the original gilt brass frame and decorative mat.

Union Soldier with Rifle Musket 1/4th Plate Tintype and Same Soldier In Civilian Clothes Converted from his Uniform 1/4th Plate Tintype. Two amazing photographs of the same soldier. The first image (right in photograph) shows the unidentified soldier seated in his piped frockcoat and kepi holding his rifle musket. The sharp image clearly shows the soldier's bayonet, cartridge box, and belt plate. The second image (left in photograph) of the same man, again seated, in the same frockcoat which has been modified for civilian wear. The beautiful image clearly illustrates the once stand-up collar now converted to a shawl collar form. The piping on the sleeves and collar are still plainly visible. As there appears to be little, if any, discernible passage of time between the two images, one might presume that the latter picture was taken shortly after the soldier mustered out or after the war ended. Both images are in near fine condition and housed in an equally fine and scarce "Union and Constitution" Union case [Krainik 27] manufactured by Littlefield, Parsons & Company. Each image is surrounded by identical ornate brass mats. The two images provide a rare "before and after" study of a typical Civil War Union soldier.

1/2 Plate Tintype of a Group of 2nd New York Artillery Soldiers Taken Outdoors. This clear, sharp ½ plate tintype depicts a group of soldiers identified by a tag on the back as being from Company "H" of the 2nd New York Artillery Regiment in various poses in an outdoors setting. It is highly likely that this image was taken while the 2nd New York Artillery was assigned to the defense of Washington, D.C. In the distant background, there appears to be a fort or defense works. The image bears some surface cracks that do not affect the central image, but it is in overall very good condition, housed in the lower portion of a leather case, with gilt brass mat and frame.

Rare Union Case of the Washington Memorial in Richmond, Virginia. 5" x 6.25". The case was designed by Colonel John T. Pickett to hold an electrotype copy of the Great Seal of the Confederacy (Krainik #4). The case now holds a trimmed cabinet photo of James Stephens Brown, Jr., taken in 1879, when he was a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy. Brown (1858-1946) served as mayor of Nashville, Tennessee between 1908 and 1909. Both the case and photo are in fine condition.

Confederate General Leonidas Polk Tintype from a lithograph, approximately 1.5" square, in gilt brass frame. A printed label on the verso reads "Bishop Polk, Of Louisiana. Major-General in the Confederate Army". Dark toning, a few spots in the field above the subject. Fine condition overall. Polk's contemporaries delighted in the irony of his being an Episcopal bishop-turned-field commander. Consequently known as "The Fighting Bishop," Leonidas Polk was quite active in the Western Theater of the Civil War. He met his maker via Federal artillery during the Atlanta Campaign.

Wonderful Commercial Tintype of Varina Howell Davis. Approximately 1.5" square in CDV-style mat with "Mrs. Jeff Davis" imprinted below the image. This photograph is taken from an antebellum oil painting of the Confederacy's First Lady. Small splits on mat from imprudent folding, else very fine condition.

Confederate General Turner Ashby in Death 1/9th Plate Ambrotype. A beautiful hand-tinted ambrotype of Turner Ashby (1828-1862), "The Black Knight of the Confederacy," probably taken June 7, 1862, in Winchester, Virginia. Ashby was a promising cavalry officer and participated in many engagements in the Shenandoah Valley campaigns while serving under Stonewall Jackson. During an engagement near Harrisonburg, Virginia Ashby was shot through the heart while repelling a Union cavalry attack. This post-mortem photograph of Ashby is his only known wartime image. The image is clear, and you can easily make out the details of Ashby's uniform. It is housed in a beautiful leather case with embossed floral design and gilt decoration. It is complete with ornate gilt brass mat and frame all in fine condition.

Confederate Major General Carter Littlepage Stevenson Pre-War Daguerreotype. Antebellum images of Confederate generals as junior officers are among the most prized collectibles in the fields of early photography and historical militaria. The stern young officer depicted in this splendid portrait is C.L. Stevenson of Fredericksburg, Virginia (1818-1888), probably as a captain in the early 1850s. A manuscript note accompanying the image reads, "By J.L. Griffing 214 Main St Buffalo From O.B. Evans Gallery." Griffing is known to have been working in Buffalo at this address in 1852-1853 before launching his own studio in 1855. The Evans establishment employed numerous photographers and lost no opportunity to enhance its reputation via international competition. Indeed, the company rightly played up a medal won at the great expo held in London's Crystal Palace in 1851. During this period, Stevenson probably had this picture taken while en route to one of his many postings along the western frontier. An 1838 West Point graduate and Mexican War veteran, the Virginian served in Texas and Utah until Virginia's secession. Stevenson followed his native state into the Confederacy and was briefly colonel of the 53rd Virginia Infantry. General Beauregard's intervention, however, directed Stevenson to the west where he proved himself an able division commander in that bloody theater. Stevenson was at Champion's Hill, Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta, and Nashville. His war ended with the Army of Tennessee upon Joseph Johnston's surrender in North Carolina on April 26, 1865. The Stevenson daguerreotype harkens back to happier times when a Virginian could proudly wear a federal officer's frock coat. The image is moderately haloed and has a series of very light abrasions that do not detract and which are only visible when angled to a bright light. Only one other daguerreotype of Stevenson exists. The case is in remarkably good shape with only a few minor scuffs and wear as expected. A small museum catalog number is painted in white along the top edge of the case. This is a rare opportunity to acquire an identified Confederate general's daguerreotype as a junior officer. From the collection of William Turner, author of Even More Confederate Faces.

Cased 1/6th Plate Ambrotype of Captain John West and His Wife. West, of the Georgia Volunteers, served on the staff of General Richard Taylor and under General Forrest. His militia-style shell jacket has what appear to be nine eagle buttons. A vest and trousers of a lighter fabric than the jacket's complete the uniform. Light gold paint colors the buttons, a strip of piping on the collar, and a stripe down the soldier's pant leg. The supportive young bride in this image has a brooch at her throat bearing her husband's likeness. Housed in a gutta-percha Union case embossed with Cupid and a stag on both sides. The emulsion on this ambrotype is smooth and intact where such really counts; however, there are several small scrapes in a perfect oval suggesting that the plate was originally under a smaller mat.

Cased Confederate Tintype of an Armed Infantryman. Although not positively identified as such, the subject of this 2" x 3.5" studio portrait simply screams "rebel!" He wears a typically Confederate black slouch hat, a grey shell jacket, and what appears to be a Southern state seal sword belt plate. The photographer has painted the buttons and plate gold; however, an oval border within the rectangular plate seems to be peeking through the gilt. The soldier depicted here stands at attention with a bayonet affixed to his musket. Under glass within a brass mat and half-cased with a missing lid. The image and mat are in excellent condition.

Identified 1/6th Plate Ambrotype South Carolina "Palmetto Regiment". An exceptional hand-tinted portrait (image reversed) identified as being Major Moody, a doctor from South Carolina. He is depicted seated, and the image clearly shows the detail of his uniform, including his shell jacket and kepi with the "P R" insignia of South Carolina's Palmetto Regiment. This image appeared in William Albaugh's books Confederate Faces and More Confederate Faces. This sharp image is housed in the lower half of the original case with gilt mat; the top lid missing. A beautiful image in very good condition.

1/9th Plate Ambrotype of an Unidentified Confederate Officer. An interesting image of a uniformed and seated Confederate officer. The officer wears his jacket unbuttoned, and the rank insignia on the collar and the buttons have been hand tinted gold. Unfortunately there is nothing depicted in the image to aid in identifying the officer's specific regiment. Yet, the image clearly shows the depth of expression on his face. There is some slight speckling to the surface of the image and some light ghosting around the edges; else, it is in very good condition, housed in the lower half of the original case with gilt mat. This image appeared in William Albaugh's books Confederate Faces and More Confederate Faces.

Identified 1/9th Plate Ambrotype of a Confederate Soldier. An interesting hand-tinted ambrotype of a young Confederate soldier identified as John W. Brown. The image depicts Brown in uniform with arms defiantly crossed and gazing squarely into the camera. Details of his uniform and kepi are clearly visible in this sharp image. Of particular note is Brown's large and jaunty bow tie. Written in pencil on the inside of the case is "John W. Brown/ Soldier/ Civil War/ 10/61". Research reveals that there were several Confederate soldiers by the name of John W. Brown, so it would be difficult to determine the exact state or regiment for which he fought, or his ultimate fate. The image is sharp with a few small areas of surface loss at the bottom that don't affect the central image. There is a "halo" around the central image, a shadow effect from a missing mat. The image is housed in a half case with its decorative gilt mat.

Family Shot Including Two Confederate Soldiers 1/9th Plate Tintype. An exceptionally sharp image of a group of four men and a young boy. Of note are two soldiers in Confederate uniforms seated in the lower row with their arms locked with that of a young boy standing between them. Two men in civilian clothing stand behind the seated group. It may be presumed that the men are family members, brothers perhaps. The soldier's uniforms give no indication as to the regiment or state that they serve; however, the consignor believes that they are soldiers from Virginia. The image is housed in the lower portion of a case, complete with brass gilt ornate mat but missing the lid.

Confederate Soldier With Canteen 1/9th Plate Tintype. A beautiful hand-tinted image of an unidentified soldier in uniform with his Federal or militia style canteen. The canteen's carrying strap can be clearly seen slung over his shoulder. The soldier appears to be wearing a depot jacket and a hat based on a Union pattern. There is nothing depicted in the image which would lead to an easy identification of the soldier's regiment or state. The image is sharp and clearly shows the features of the soldiers face and uniform. There is evidence of a previous oval mat which surrounds the central image. Very good condition.

1/6th Plate Tintype of Two Seated Confederate Enlisted Soldiers. A pristine image of two enlisted soldiers purported by the consignor to be from the 2nd Louisiana Artillery. Both soldiers are wearing identical jackets with pants tucked into high top boots. The image is clear and distinct and in fine condition. The image is housed in the lower portion of a leather case complete with the original gilt brass frame and mat.

1/2 Plate Tintype of a Confederate Soldier with Clay Pipe and Long Scarf. A remarkably clear image of a soldier wearing an extremely long winter scarf, slouch style hat, and with a clay pipe in his mouth. The more the image is studied, the more small details reveal themselves. For example, the viewer can easily make out the base of the stand used to steady the subject during the long exposure period. While there are no details to reveal the regiment or state served by the soldier, the consignor indicates that the soldier may be from Virginia. This attractive image is housed in the bottom portion of a case complete with gilt brass mat.

Tinted Portraits of a Confederate Couple. It appears that original ambrotypes or tintypes have been copied onto thin 2.75" x 3.25" oval sheets of celluloid to create these wonderful late 19th century portraits. Each exquisitely hand colored image is framed behind glass, the whole then being inserted into a custom felt-lined case with a green leather - possibly alligator - exterior. The portrait of greatest interest is of a Confederate soldier wearing what is likely an early Richmond Depot shell jacket trimmed in blue. He holds a musket in one hand while resting the other on a table. His bride is tastefully outfitted with fine jewelry and wears a well-tailored dress. No doubt these were people of some means. The images have collection numbers written on the verso of each, yet are otherwise in immaculate condition. The case interior is lightly worn with some damp staining to the underside of the lid. The exterior has small splits on the spine and some fading, while the original leather clasp is largely missing. An unusual and attractive Civil War-related item.

Tintype of Samuel W. Wharton of the Confederate 16th Texas Cavalry, 2.25" x 4". Samuel W. Wharton served in Company "E" of the 16th Texas Cavalry during the Civil War. Wharton is shown with an I. B. Smith, and both are dressed in British Army uniforms. Etched into the reverse of the photograph is a notation indicating that Wharton not only served with the 16th Texas Cavalry but also that he fought with the British Army at one time.

Confederate Major General John Austin Wharton Family Archive- Terry's Texas Rangers. Major General John Austin Wharton led Terry's Texas Rangers, the famed Confederate Cavalry regiment ,after the deaths of the regiment's former leaders, Colonel Benjamin F. Terry and Lieutenant Colonel Thomas S. Lubbock. Born in Nashville, Tennessee in 1828, Wharton moved to Texas at an early age and grew up on a plantation at Brazoria, Texas. From 1846 to 1850, he attended South Carolina College, now the University of South Carolina, where he was commander of the student cadet corps. He returned to Texas and studied law under United States Senator William Preston and practiced law with Clint Terry, Benjamin F. Terry's brother at Brazoria. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he owned 135 slaves in Brazoria County.

On June 23, 1861, Wharton traveled to Richmond, Virginia, and met with Confederate President Jefferson Davis and James Longstreet seeking permission to organize a company of Texas cavalry. Reportedly, Davis did not give his permission, and Wharton returned to Texas. Leaving New Orleans on a ship named the Shark bound for Texas, Wharton was captured by Union troops aboard the U.S.S. South Carolina. He was permitted to travel on to Texas by Union Commander James Alden.

Back in Texas, Wharton was elected captain of the Terry's Ranger unit, formally known as the Eighth Texas Cavalry. After the Battle of Shiloh where he was wounded, he was promoted to brigadier general. His bravery at the Battle of Chickamauga earned him his promotion to major general. While visiting the command of General John B. Magruder at the Fannin Hotel in Houston, Wharton quarreled with fellow Confederate officer Colonel George W. Baylor over a personal matter. Reportedly Baylor shot the unarmed General Wharton with his revolver killing him instantly. Baylor was acquitted of the killing and went on to enjoy an illustrious career as a Texas Ranger.

This archive of Major General John Austin Wharton includes family photographs, including four nicely cased ambrotypes, letters, and other documents from the Wharton family. Also included is a photo album containing 46 tintype photographs of Wharton family members. An interesting and attractive archive of family photographs and documents.

Lot of Seven Photos of Lieutenant Percival Shaw and Family at Devils Den, Gettysburg, Shaw and family, 6 tintypes, 2.5" x 3" and a Carte de Visite of Shaw in uniform, 2 3/8" x 3 7/8", by R. W. Addis. A. Percival Shaw enlisted on February 16, 1862 at Brandford County, Pennsylvania as a first lieutenant. He was an officer in Company "F" 34th Pennsylvania Infantry. He was discharged April 30, 1864 due to disability. The Devil's Den is a rocky expanse of shrubs and scrub trees, the southernmost part of Houck's Ridge, directly west of Little Round Top across the Plum Run Valley, known to the soldiers as the "Valley of Death". The tintypes show some wear and one has considerable rippling. The CDV has thumb-tack holes along the edge and an applied label with Shaw's name, rank, and unit. An interesting group.

Gettysburg Reunion Album with 55 Original Photos c. 1890, 14.25" x 11.25", 12 pages. The majority of the photos (45) are of the battlefield or monuments that had been recently erected when the pictures were taken. A fascinating look at the battlefield a few years after the battle took place. All the photos are in excellent condition.

Five CDVs Showing Confederate POWs At Fort Warren from an album compiled by prisoner George A. Preston, Confederate Signal Officer. Preston, a Virginia native, had the foresight and means to engage photographer J. W. Black to make some thirty portraits of Confederates held at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor. The verso of each image has Black's backmark and is signed in pencil by the sitter. Some of the CDVs carry 1864 dates. This grouping includes the following individuals: Major R. D. Crittenden; C. S. Field & Staff; Dr. John Kenifick; C. W. Ringgold of New Orleans; and two different CDVs of Samuel Sterritt. All images are in fine condition.

Leather Album with 27 Civil War Era Cartes de Visite and Tintypes. The album, published by Carlton & Porter of New York, is filled with images from the following families: Lee, Gorsuch, Stansberry, Archer, Elliott, Marsh. Most CDVs are marked with the name of a photographer in Steubenville, Ohio. An interesting image is that of an ancient man in a uniform of indeterminate age and origin identified as "Gen. Lee War 1812". An interesting collection of images, most fine.

Carte de Visite With 39 Union Generals Including Custer, Grant, and Sherman, 2.5" x 4". The CDV also includes Presidents Lincoln and Johnson, and Secretaries Seward and Stanton. The montage was prepared by J. B. Westbrook & Co, 713 Bdway, and reproduced by J. Gurney & Son, 707 Broadway, N.Y.. There is a holograph notation on the reverse, "Sailors & Soldiers Orphans Fair 10th, 1866". The corners have been rounded. The CDV comes with a Plexiglas protective case.

Major General George A. Custer Carte De Visite by an unknown photographer, Dundee, Michigan, March, 1868. Custer, wearing civilian clothing, gazes intently at his wife, Libbie, while he sits next to a Mrs. Rose Flint. Behind the trio is an unidentified couple. K-88 from Custer in Photographs by D. Mark Katz. This ultra rare CDV is the exact one reproduced in the Katz reference. It comes from the collection of noted Custer authority, the late Dr. Lawrence A. Frost.

George A. Custer Carte De Visite by John Goldin & Co., May, 1865. K-70 from Custer in Photographs by D. Mark Katz. A small "Gen Custer" is penciled into the left field of the image with further modern notations penciled on the verso. Very fine condition.

C.S.A. General Pierre G. T. Beauregard Carte de Visite in Uniform. A fine chest-up portrait, originally taken in Charleston, March 31, 1861. This CDV has an E. & H. T. Anthony of New York backstamp. Beauregard is identified both in the lower margin and on the verso in another hand. The two rows of six uniform buttons have been highlighted in gold. Very light soiling, else about fine.

Confederate Navy Captain William Newland Maffitt Carte de Visite, blank back. The celebrated Southern raider and blockade-runner is seated in this well-known likeness wearing the clothing of a civilian merchant officer. Very good condition. William N. Maffitt (1819 - 1886) of North Carolina had a long and distinguished career as a naval officer in both the United States and Confederate States navies. He went to sea as a midshipman in 1832, participating in hydrographic surveys up and down the east coast. In the late 1850s, with his own command, Maffitt gave his energies to suppressing the illegal West Indian slave trade. During the Civil War, Maffitt won enduring fame as captain of the C.S.S. Florida before commanding the C.S.S Albemarle, an ironclad active on the Roanoke River in Eastern North Carolina.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate General James Longstreet Post-War Carte de Visite. A sharp image of James Longstreet (1821-1904) in civilian clothing taken after the Civil War. The CDV is unmarked with a few very small scratches to the surface, else in very good condition.

General George Washington Custis Lee Carte de Visite. A beautifully clear image of Custis Lee (1832-1913) in uniform. This fine image bears no studio backmarks. Custis Lee was the eldest son of General Robert E. Lee. During the war he was aide-de-camp to Confederate president Jefferson Davis and also served in the defense of Richmond.

C.S.A. General P. G. T. Beauregard Carte de Visite. Born in Louisiana, Beauregard was the first prominent Confederate general with an important early victory at First Manassas. He would eventually rise to become one of only eight full generals in the C.S.A. army. After the war, he wrote several books, served as a railroad executive (even inventing a system of cable-powered street cars), and served in various public positions in his home state. This head and shoulders portrait, in uniform, is laid down to a double-bordered CDV card. Condition is fine with general light soiling and bumped corners. His name is written lightly in pencil beneath the image, and "1863" is notated on the verso. No backmark.

C.S.A. General Thomas Lanier Clingman Carte de Visite. Clingman was expelled from his position as a U.S. senator from North Carolina in early 1861 for his support of the rebellion. Though nearly 50 years old, he volunteered for military service and was given a command as colonel of the 25th NC Infantry; a few months later he was promoted to brigadier general. His unit fought at Battery Wagner, Drewry's Bluff, Cold Harbor (where he was wounded), Petersburg, and Weldon Railroad. After the war, he surveyed and measured mountains in Tennessee and North Carolina, the tallest of which, Clingman's Dome, is named after him. A fine bust image, in uniform, laid down to a double-bordered CDV card. Fine condition with only very light soiling. Name penciled on verso. No backmark.

Group of 6 Cartes de Visite of Military Officers. Six CDVs including engraved CDV-size portraits of Brigadier General Leonidas Polk (1806-1864) in uniform and Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873). The additional four CDVs are of four unidentified officers. All images are in very good or better condition.

Colonel Langhorne Wister Carte de Visite Pictured with his Horse. A horizontally-oriented CDV photo of Wister in full uniform standing next to his horse. The backmark is of "H. Manger's Photograph Gallery" of Philadelphia. Included is a biography and service record for Wister, a Germantown-born Quaker with five brothers also fighting in the war. He commanded the 150th Pennsylvania Infantry regiment. At Gettysburg, Wister bravely led his regiment into fierce fighting, and he was struck in the face by a minie ball which shattered his jaw. Colonel Stone said of him, "Colonel Wister, though badly wounded in the mouth while commanding the brigade and unable to speak, remained in the front of the battle." Wister resigned his commission in February 1864 to return to the iron manufacturing business. He was brevetted brigadier general in March 1865 for his gallantry at Gettysburg. Photo is in fine condition.

Shocking Cabinet Card Photo and Autobiography of Andersonville Prison Victim John Wales January. A sepia-tone, circa 1880s, full-length seated portrait in excellent condition, showing his leg stumps with his prosthetic legs right beside. On the back is glued a portion of his printed "Auto-biography." It tells the story of how his legs came to be in that condition due to imprisonment at Confederate prisons at Andersonville and Florence. It reads, in part: "I was born in Clinton county, Ohio...In the fall of 1862, the 14th Ill. Cavalry organized in Peoria, and I enlisted in Co. B...in July, 1864...I was taken by six rebel soldiers to Andersonville...I was stricken down by an attack of "Swamp" fever...I was a victim of gangrene...My feet and ankles 5 inches above the joints presented a livid and lifeless appearance, and soon the flesh began to slough off...I begged [the surgeon] to cut my feet off... I secured an old pocket knife and cut through the decaying flesh...At the close of the war I was taken by the rebs to our lines at Wilmington, N.C. in April 1865, and...learned that I had been reduced from 165 pounds to 45 pounds...Everyone of the Union Surgeons who saw me said I could not live; but contrary to this I did and improved... 12 years after my release my limbs had healed over..." After his ordeal, this brave soldier with the incredible will to survive returned home, got married, and fathered six children. January received local and national attention with his story being told in Harper's Weekly and several other newspapers. He became active in G.A.R. encampments where he sold these images. The Illinois Adjutant General's Report said this about him a few years before his death in 1906:

"John W. January was a prisoner of war at Andersonville, GA and Florence, SC for about sixteen months. From the effects of scurvy superinduced by starvation he lost his feet, which he himself heroically amputated with a pocket-knife, no surgeon in the prison being willing to perform the operation. He arrived at David's Island, New York, a mere skeleton, weighing but 45 pounds, and after seven months treatment in hospital was restored to bodily health. All things considered, Mr. January's case is perhaps the most notable example of nerve and bodily suffering in the annals of the War..."

His story was told in an article entitled "John January and the Pocketknife" that appeared in the February 2004 issue of Civil War Times (clipped article included).

Union General Joseph Hooker Group of Three Framed Brady Cartes de Visite Framed Together. Each of the three images is matted, with the visible portion of each CDV measuring 2.25" x 3.5". The entire piece is framed to an overall size of 17.25" x 11". A brass nameplate underneath the images reads "GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER / USA 1814-1879". All three images are the work of prolific Civil War photographer Matthew Brady. One CDV is marked "Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries" on the reverse, and the other two are from E & H. T. Anthony from the Brady negatives. The middle image is signed in an unknown hand at the bottom "Genl. Hooker U.S.". All images are in fine condition, with some wear present to the image fields, but not detracting from the overall appeal. The middle image displays some minimal foxing, not affecting the actual image in the center. This is a handsome display piece for any Civil War CDV collector.

Union General William T. Sherman Framed Group of Three Cartes de Visite Framed Together. Each of the three images is matted, with the visible portion of each CDV measuring 2.25" x 3.75". The entire piece is framed to an overall size of 17.25" x 11". A brass nameplate underneath the images reads "GENERAL WILLIAM T. SHERMAN / USA 1820-1891". Two of the images are the work of prolific Civil War photographer Mathew Brady. They are from E & H. T. Anthony from the Brady negatives. All images are in fine condition with some wear present to the image fields but not detracting from the overall appeal. The image on the right displays some minimal foxing not affecting the actual image in the center. This is a handsome display piece for any Civil War CDV collector.

General William T. Sherman Cabinet Photo Signed Three Times. The front is signed "W. T. Sherman General Apr. 19, 1883"; the verso is inscribed and signed "With the best wishes of W. T. Sherman General Washington D.C. April 19, 1883 for Edgar F. Gladwin Brooklyn NY - This photograph is about as good as any - W.T.S.". The cabinet card measures 4.25" x 6.5" overall (including the frame- 11" x 17.5"). The reverse, shown through a cutout in the frame's backing, features a Brady National Portrait Co. backstamp. Excellent condition.

Union General William T. Sherman Framed Carte de Visite Taken by Mathew Brady. The image is matted, with the visible portion of the CDV measuring 2.25" x 3.75". The entire piece is framed to an overall size of 7.75" x 10". A brass nameplate underneath the image reads "GENERAL WILLIAM T. SHERMAN / USA 1820-1891". The image is the work of prolific Civil War photographer Mathew Brady. The corners of the card have been rounded. The image is in fine condition. This is a handsome display piece for any Civil War CDV collector.

Union General Lew Wallace Framed Carte de Visite Taken by Mathew Brady. The image is matted with the visible portion of the CDV measuring 2.25" x 3.75" and the entire piece is framed to an overall size of 7.75" X 10". A brass nameplate beneath the image reads "General Lew Wallace / USA 1827-1905". The image is the work of prolific Civil War photographer Mathew Brady and is by E & H. T. Anthony from the Brady negatives. Fine condition. Wallace is probably best remembered as the author of the best-selling historical novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ. This is a handsome display piece for any Civil War CDV collector.

Carte de Visite of Francis E. Brownell, the Avenger of the Murder of Col. Ellsworth. Private Francis E. Brownell is seen in this CDV by Mathew Brady dressed in his Zouave uniform and wearing a mourning band tied around his left arm. He is standing on the secession flag taken from the Marshall House and is holding the rifle with the sword bayonet that he used to kill the Alexandria secessionist James W. Jackson.

Colonel Elmer Ellsworth, a friend of Abraham Lincoln and the commander of the New York Fire Zouaves, was anxious to be the first to invade the South. On May 24, 1861, the day after Virginia seceded, Ellsworth led his men, uncontested, down the streets of Alexandria. He sent some of his men to take the railroad station while he and a few others went to secure the telegraph office. On the way, he noticed a Confederate flag atop the Marshall House Inn. Ellsworth and four others quickly ascended the stairs; Ellsworth cut down the flag and was on the way down the stairs when the proprietor killed him with a shotgun blast to the chest. Private Francis Brownell immediately killed the innkeeper. After the war, Francis E. Brownell twice put his name forward to receive the Medal of Honor. He succeeded a third time with the help of his congressman and finally received the decoration in 1877. Although sixteen years after the event, his medal marked the first action of the Civil War to merit this high award. The photo has a slight bump on the bottom, else very fine.

Rare Turner Ashby Carte de Visite, with Vannerson & Jones, Richmond, Virginia backmark, 1866 copyright information on front panel. From a lithograph. Clean and crisp, very fine condition. Had he not been killed so early in the war, the popular and dashing Turner Ashby might have come to rival J.E.B. Stuart as Virginia's foremost cavalier of the Confederacy.

Five Cartes de Visite Depicting Confederate Naval Luminaries, all Northern reproductions of lithographs. Three CDVs by Charles Magnus of New York variously show Admiral Franklin Buchanan of C.S.S. Virginia fame, George N. Hollis, commander of Confederate naval forces on the Mississippi, and Matthew F. Maury, internationally renowned oceanographer in Confederate service. Also included is an unmarked CDV of John N. Maffitt, captain of the C.S.S. Florida and an Elias Dexter image of Raphael Semmes, captain of the C.S.S. Alabama. Toned paper, very good condition.

George Armstrong Custer in Civilian Dress Cabinet Card. Photographer: Jose Mora, New York. A cabinet card, 4.25" x 6.5", framed and matted under glass to an overall size of 11.25" x 17.5", framed with a brass description plaque, in fine condition. This unique image of Custer in civilian clothing listed as K-150 Custer in Photographs by D. Mark Katz.

J.E.B. Stuart Cabinet Card. 4" x 6" framed and matted with brass descriptive tag under glass to an overall size of 11.25" x 17.25", Handy, Washington D.C. front imprint, slightly toned at the edges, lower corner chipped, else a fine clear image. A wonderful image of James Ewell Brown Stuart (1833-1864) depicted in uniform with hat on lap and hand on sword. Stuart was killed May 11, 1864 outside of Richmond at Yellow Tavern. The L.C. Handy Studio had been located at 494 Maryland Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. Levin C. Handy was apprenticed at the age of twelve to his uncle, famed Civil War photographer Mathew B. Brady.

Late Life Portrait of Confederate Major General Thomas L. Rosser, sight size 6.5" x 8.5"; overall 9" x 11" in period wooden frame, ca. early 1900s. Printed on glossy sepia stock, this image shows Rosser as a civilian. Note the star and crescent pin at his neck. This likely indicates an association with the Virginia-based fraternity, Kappa Sigma. Along with the main photograph is a smaller print of the general taken from a war date CDV. Fine condition for both. Rosser is best remembered for commanding Confederate cavalry in the Shenandoah during the final months of the war.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Albumen Photograph of the Officers of the 1st Regiment Alabama Infantry Volunteers, Colored Troops. The image is 5" x 7.5", mounted on card stock. Thirty-eight officers are pictured as well as the regimental chaplain and sutler. The image has minor ink markings around one officer and marginal notes on the board. Some soiling, else fine.

Albumen Photograph of Civil War Officers in Camp. The image is 6.25" x 4" and mounted on card stock. Eight Union officers are seated in various postures in front of a large tent. A non-commissioned officer stands with the regimental standard in the center of the photograph. The officers are dressed in a variety of uniforms. A very interesting grouping in near fine condition.

Libby Prison CDV From Levy & Cohen's "Rebel Capital" Series. Originally photographed by Rees of Richmond in 1863, this slightly doctored image was re-published in 1865 by Levy & Cohen of Philadelphia. Shown is Libby Prison, a converted tobacco warehouse that housed Union officers for much of the Civil War. In the foreground are guards' tents and several figures, one of whom is purported to be Dick Turner, the hated commandant of the facility. A Confederate "Stainless Banner" flies proudly over the roof (in the original version of this scene, the flag was somewhat limp on its staff). The back of this fine carte de visite has an applied label stating that this is the "only view of this notorious Prison made during the Rebellion..." Not true. Rees published another in which the building was shown from the side. A federal revenue stamp is placed over the label. An especially clean CDV in very fine condition.

1870 Composite Photo of "Citizens of Worcester Mass" including photos of a number of Union officers, about a dozen of whom are posed in uniform. Included in this "Cotemporaries [sic] of the 19th Century" titled photo are: Brig. Gen. (and later U.S. attorney general) Charles Devens; Col. George Ward (killed at Gettysburg); Lt. Col. David M. Woodward; Col. Augustus B. R. Sprague; Maj. Dexter F. Parker (killed at Fredericksburg); Col. William S. Lincoln; Capt. Horace James; Maj. Harrison W. Pratt (killed at Fisher's Hill); and Capt. John O. Bemis. 17.25" x 15.5" mounted to a 20" x 18" lightweight board. C. R. B. Claflin is listed as the "Photographist" and G. R. Peckham as the publisher.

Sculptor Edward Valentine's Personal Vannerson Photographs of Robert E. Lee Used in Modeling His Famous Statue. Edward Virginius Valentine (1838-1930) was an American sculptor born in Richmond, Virginia. He studied in Paris, Italy, and Germany and made numerous busts and statues of Confederate heroes. One of his more famous works is his statue of Robert E. Lee that resides in the National Statuary Hall collection in the United States Capitol building. In early 1864 Lee sat at Julian Vannerson's studio in Richmond for studies to be used in the execution of a statue to raise war funds for the Confederacy. It was the images from this sitting that Valentine used to model his iconic statue of Lee.

The first photograph, perhaps the most striking image to come out of the session, is of a seated Lee clearly showing his facial features and uniform. The oval albumen photograph measures 6.75" x 9.5" and is mounted on a backing board to an overall size of 10" x 12". The backing board bears the imprint of Homeier & Clark, Richmond, Virginia. The image is in near fine condition. On the reverse, in Valentine's hand, is written: "This photo is a copy from an original made during the war between the states for me of Genl Robert E. Lee who sat for same. The original photo was made by Vannerson Richmond Va & sent to me through the blockade to Berlin. I modeled from this a statuette of Genl Lee which was sent to the Liverpool Bazaar for the benefit of the Confederacy. The statuette was sold & found its way somewhere in Scotland. Edward V. Valentine." It is thought that the statue was completed too late for the Liverpool Bazaar and was instead sent to London, exhibited in a well-known shop, and was eventually sent to Scotland.

Valentine has used an identical photograph and applied a pencil line grid to help determine perspective and the scale for his statue. This photograph is also marked with the Homeier & Clark imprint and bears many smudges and stains presumably from Valentine's frequent reference to it as he modeled his statue.

The third photograph is an oval albumen image of Lee in profile with a facsimile Lee signature across the bottom, 7" x 9", mounted on a backing board to an overall size of 10" x 12" with an imprint of Homeier & Clark, Richmond, Virginia. On the reverse in Valentine's hand is written: "From the original photograph made for me, Edward V. Valentine". The image is in fine condition with only minor staining to the backing mat.

Robert E. Lee and Traveller Photograph Taken by Photographer Michael Miley. Taken circa 1866-68, 9" x 7", framed under glass to an overall size of 21.5" x 17.5", in burled wood frame, fine condition. It is speculated that this famous image probably marked the beginning of Miley's career as a photographer. It is one of two portraits that resulted from a sitting with Lee in 1866, at Rockbridge Baths, where Miley worked in collaboration with Adam Plecker and is one of only a few known photographs of Lee on Traveller. The image was retouched by Plecker and reissued in several variations. The photograph on offer is an excellent example of this historic image.

Oval Salt Print Portrait of Robert E. Lee, 8" x 10" including original mat, imprinted "C. R. Rees & Co., Richmond, Va." below image. A splendid unpublished postwar likeness of Lee while he was serving as president of Washington College. The verso carries the pencilled date "1867". Overall browning with areas of stains and minor chipping. Very good condition.

Large Albumen Photograph of Brigadier General Alfred Howe Terry in an oval frame, 9.5" x 11.5" overall. This image is of a younger Terry taken soon after he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in April 1862. Terry (1827-1880) was from Connecticut and attended Yale Law School. Before the Civil War he was clerk of the Superior Court of New Haven County. When the Civil War started, Terry raised and led a regiment of Connecticut volunteers and was appointed colonel. The regiment fought at First Bull Run, after which Terry and his regiment were transferred to South Carolina. When appointed brigadier general, he was placed in command of the Morris Island Division of the X Corps. Terry was heavily involved in the siege operations against Charleston during 1863. In 1864, the entire X Corps was sent north to Benjamin Butler's Army of the James in Virginia. Terry also participated in the battles of Petersburg, New Market Heights, Fort Fisher, Wilmington, Black Hills War, and Nez Perce War. He was commander of the Dakota Territory from 1866 to 1869 and again from 1872 to 1886. Terry is generally considered one of the most capable generals with no previous military training to emerge from the war. The image is marked in pencil Lieut. P. Haas, Port Royal, S.C.". Although Haas was officially an engineer in the 1st New York, he also served as photographer on the staff of General Quincy Gilmore. Some light spotting, else very fine.

Large Framed Albumen Photograph of Colonel Edmund Cobb Charles, 42nd New York Infantry, 9.5" x 11.5" (overall). A fine photograph of Colonel Charles, in a classic pose, wearing an officer's frock coat and kepi. Charles enlisted on May 19, 1861 as a lieutenant colonel. He was assigned to the 25th New York Infantry. A previous medical condition prompted his resignation on October 10, 1861. Charles was commissioned a second time as colonel commanding the 42nd New York Infantry on January 7, 1962. Known as the "Tammany Regiment", the 42nd was assigned to the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Corps of the Army of the Potomac. It participated in the Peninsular Campaign under the command of Colonel Charles. The regiment was active in operations before Yorktown, the Battle of West Point, and during the Seven Days' Battles. It was during the Battle of Glendale on June 30, 1862, that Colonel Charles was severely wounded and captured by Confederate forces. He was immediately paroled but died of his wounds in New York on April 26, 1863. Included are 15 pages of research. Very fine condition.

Large Albumen Photograph of a Well-Armed Union Civil War Artilleryman, in an oval frame, 11" x 13" overall. This fellow, wearing a light artillery jacket, is armed to the teeth, with a sword in hand, a derringer, and what appears to be a Starr Arms Company 1863 Army Revolver tucked into his belt. He is also wearing a Model 1858 U. S. Army hat with insignia for battery "K", 2nd Artillery. The image is slightly faded with light foxing ,else near fine.

Full Plate Hand-tinted Tintype of Civil War Soldier, 6.25" x 8.25" oval image, framed. This is a very interesting image. The soldier is wearing a jacket and vest. He is also wearing a western-style hat. His jacket has three-stripe sergeant's chevrons and two stripes on the standing collar. The stripes are all tinted red, possibly artillery. On his breast he is wearing a metal star, that could be the badge of the Union XX Corps or a Confederate unit's specialized insignia. The image has a mat with "Churchill, 12 Wall St. Kingston" printed at the bottom. An extremely nice image in very fine condition.

Hand-Colored Enlarged Photograph of an Unidentified Union Soldier. On canvas, 15.5" x 19.5", framed to an overall size of 19.25" x 23.25" in a period gilt gesso on wood frame. Image is of a standing Union enlisted soldier holding his musket and attached bayonet with a pistol stuck in his belt. An interesting study probably produced in the late 19th century as souvenir of a soldier's military service during the war. In overall fine condition with a small nick to the painted surface near the top that doesn't affect the central image. The frame has a few areas of loss to the gesso, else it is in very good condition.

Remarkable Albumen Photograph of a Late War Prisoner Exchange, 11.5" x 8.75", imprinted on verso by French and Company, Vicksburg, Mississippi, April, 1865. Union and Confederate officers are seated at an outdoor table negotiating amid ten standing witnesses. The onlookers are composed of seven very serious officers in blue and three equally purposeful envoys in gray. The two men at the extreme left and right hold white flags of truce. The scene is best explained by a penciled caption on the verso. It reads: "Federal and Confederate officers connected with Camp Fiske at Four Mile Bridge (Vicksburg) for paroled exchange of prisoners - from which the last shipment of paroled Union wounded (2134) were sent to their homes - on board the ill-fated steamer 'Sultana', about 1900 lives lost. April 27th 1865 Property of F. A. Roziene [the signature in ink]". A roster of those present follows and includes Roziene, who is fourth from the left. A very few minor chips and scratches, none of which affect the subjects. Overall toning, fine condition.

This photograph was probably taken in mid to late April of 1865 and as such is surely one of the last images of uniformed Confederates on active duty. The fact that they are in the process of releasing POWs for passage aboard the Sultana's final, infamous journey makes the scene even more special. The Sultana, bound for the North with overworked boilers, blew up near Memphis with a casualty rate close to that described above. The steamboat had a legal capacity of 376 passengers.

Brady Photograph of the 8th New York Militia at Camp McDowell, Virginia. Albumen photograph, 14.5" x 10.5", from Brady's Incidents of the War series, taken at Camp McDowell near Falls Church, Virginia, 1861. An exceptional image of officers and men from the 8th New York Militia posed with their weapons in front of a tent. Of particular interest at the center of the image is a black man crouched inconspicuously behind the unidentified captain. You can clearly see details of the uniforms and weapons including the captain's Model 1850 Foot Officer's sword. This group of soldiers almost certainly belong to the New York 8th Regiment State Militia Infantry "Washington Grays". Shortly after this image was made the regiment participated in the advance on Manassas and the first Battle of Bull Run. The image has been taped to a backing board and matted. The edges of the image are chipped and there are areas of loss at the lower left corner and a 2.5" x 1" piece missing from the lower edge that is hidden by the mat, else in very good condition.

Confederate Prisoners Held at Culpeper Court House, Virginia. Timothy O' Sullivan, albumen, 5" x 3.5" sight size, August, 1862. This famous image by a great pioneer of photojournalism shows Confederates captured at the Battle of Cedar Mountain enduring temporary confinement in Culpeper Court House. They stand on the balcony under the steeple and appear to be doing their laundry. Several guards lounge about below while two unconcerned civilians loiter nearby. The far left of this print carries a partial exposure from another frame that shows the rear of a covered wagon. In fine condition, on the reverse there is an erroneous note in pencil 'Warrenton'.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Stonewall Jackson Carte de Visite and Funeral Memorabilia mounted in a 19th century shadowbox frame to an overall 12" x 13.25". This well-known 1850s portrait of Jackson as a U.S. officer is wreathed with funerary flowers and has a small cowry shell placed above it. This is obviously a personal household shrine that perhaps graced a patriot's home. Very fine condition overall.

Provenance: The William Turner Collection

Scarce Stereoview of Sword Presented to the Metropolitan Sanitary Fair imaged by E. & H. T. Anthony. Titled on the back as "The Great $45,000 Sword, Which Grant Got," this stereoview pictures a Tiffany & Co sword made and presented to the Metropolitan Sanitary Fair in 1864. The image is of the sword, hilt, scabbard, and sash laid in its case. Like most stereoviews of this period the corners show wear, and there is a fading to the lettering on the back, but the image is very crisp and the publisher's information is mounted on the back along with a period revenue stamp. Photographers at the fair were of the most important of the period. Marked "No. 1699", this is one of a set published by E. & H. T. Anthony & Co.

Stereoview of Gen. Hancock and Staff Near Richmond taken in 1864. From left to right are Generals Francis C. Barlow, Hancock, David B. Birney, and John Gibbon. All of these men would see action at Gettysburg. Entitled "War Views", this stereoview was taken from a negative by Brady and published by E. & H. T. Anthony. Minor wear to the board but a bright crisp picture of the men at camp.

Stereoview of Gen. Jefferson C. Davis and Staff entitled "Incidents of the War". With only light soiling to the board, this stereoview pictures Davis with Johnson, Brannan, King, and Whipple, all generals of the Army of the Cumberland. Other identified staff members include Colonels Burke and Stout, Major Thurston; Captain Stone, and Lieutenant Kelly. The tents of their camp can be seen in the background. The image, crisp and clean, is marked on the back as photographed and published by Crater.

Post-Civil War Cadet Kepi. This is an interesting cadet's kepi manufactured by the Ridabock Company of New York City about 1885. The dark blue kepi is missing its chin strap but retains its gold federal eagle buttons. The heavy patent leather visor shows wear and has several scratches but is intact and firmly attached to the cloth. There is one small hole in the felt at the top front of the crown.

The black silk lining of the kepi is in excellent condition. The maker's mark of Ridabock & Company is stamped in a buckled seal device at the center of the lining. The 1½" leather sweatband is in very good condition. This is a very fine presentation piece that could still be worn by a child today.

Crimson Red Sash as worn by field officers of both sides. The silk is wrapped around two brass frames which make up the buckle and loop instead of the long sash which usually was wrapped around the waist. Sewn to the sash are two fringed tassels which would have hung close to their sword. Superb color and condition.

Union Officer Byron Parson's Frock Coat and Pants with Shoulder Straps. In standard issue blue wool, this Union officer's frock coat and pants are in exceptional condition. The dark green interior lining is intact although worn, particularly in the area where the sleeve linings are attached. All buttons are present and are the spread eagle design with the infantry "I" in the center. The coat is accompanied by the soldier's Smith patent shoulder straps and matching trousers. A light blue welt down the outside seam of each leg denotes rank. There is little deterioration to the cloth and virtually no moth damage to either piece.

This uniform was owned by Captain Byron Parsons of the 94th New York Volunteers who was wounded at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1st, 1863. Parsons survived only to be captured later at Weldon Railroad, serving time as a prisoner of war at Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia. An account of his time there from Jan. 1, 1864 to October 14, 1865, can be found in Civil War Manuscripts : A Guide to Collections Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. Byron Parson survived Gettysburg, one of the costliest of battles for the N.Y. 94th and rose to the rank of major.

This lot was originally purchased from the family and comes with a significant amount of family background and information. One note of interest is the size of the uniform as Parsons was a man of some 7 feet tall.

Identified Uniform to a 2nd Lieutenant in the 14th Vermont Infantry. This lot includes a frock coat and vest identified to Charles Albro who enlisted on August 27, 1862 as a second lieutenant in A company of the 14th Vermont Infantry. The blue wool frockcoat is complete with sewn on 2nd lieutenant's shoulder rank insignia, nine button front with Vermont state buttons [Albert 9A], 23mm, "Scoville Mf'G Co*/Waterbury" backmarks, including four identical buttons on the back of the coat at the split and three 14mm buttons of similar pattern on each sleeve. The coat is lined with black cotton material and quilted in the chest and shoulder area. The frock jacket is in remarkable condition with only minor wear at the collar, cuffs, and bottom hem as one would expect; yet, it is amazingly free of moth damage. The blue wool vest is lined with muslin and has nine 16mm infantry buttons [Seaton GI88A] maker marked "D. Evans & Co*/Attlesboro, Mass", three exterior slit pockets and one interior slit pocket. The adjustment strap and buckle are present on the back of the vest. There are a few minor period repairs and moth nips and tracks, else very good condition. Included with the uniform is a modern photographic print of Albro, 8" x 10", framed under glass to an overall size of 13" x 15.5", likely taken in the post-war period. Lt. Albro mustered out of the army on July 30, 1863. Included with the group is a letter from an unidentified soldier in the 14th Regiment Vermont Volunteers, written in 1862, near Centerville, Virginia. Though not directly related to Albro, this letter would certainly reflect the thoughts of men in the 14th Vermont. The soldier writes "I should like to see one good smart fight before I come home...". He writes of skirmishes near Centerville, inquires after friends back home, the weather, and food - "We have buckwheat cakes every morning and night and nice maple molasses to go with them...". This is a wonderful identified uniform group, lovely for display.

Civil War Vest, Medal, and Junior Officer's Kepi. Small in size but of standard issue, this vest was once worn by Henry Stowell of the 7th New Hampshire Infantry. Normal staining on the lining inside and one moth hole with wear along the shoulder do not detract. Made of dark blue wool, the kepi is decorated with a small black braid in quatrefoil as well as an infantry insignia on the front. The visor appears to be of tarred leather with a stitched edge. Attached with cuff buttons, the chin strap is worn and has broken. The interior lining of the hat is still intact although very discolored and worn.

Accompanying this lot is a red sash and reunion style medal bearing the name of Henry Stowell as a participant in the Tibbet's Veteran Corp. Dated 1861 and 1865 the medal pictures a raised bust of Tibbets in the center.

Henry Stowell enlisted as a corporal with the 7th Vermont. By March 1st of 1863, he was promoted to 2nd lieutenant of Co. F 7th Vermont Volunteers. Stowell would have participated in the 1st siege at Vicksburg and the battle at Baton Rouge. As much of the documentation states he spent most of his time at Fort Barranca, Florida finally leaving the service in 1865 at Brownsville, TX.

Uniform and Document Archive Belonging to Lt. Volney A. Gray, 9th Maine Infantry Volunteers. An historically significant group belonging to Volney A. Gray, a resident of Sangerville, Maine, who enlisted in the Union army on September 21, 1861 as a corporal. After his initial three-year enlistment, he re-enlisted on January 1, 1864. During his tenure in the army, he served in the Maine 9th Infantry Regiment, spending his time in several companies within the regiment. He rose from the rank of corporal to his final rank of 1st lieutenant. His official records indicate that he was wounded at some point during 1863, but the records do not indicate either the date or place he sustained his wound. The 9th Maine participated in the Petersburg campaign and fought in engagements that included Drewery's Bluff, Cold Harbor, and the Battle of the Crater in Petersburg. Losses during this campaign were severe and by the fall of 1864, the regiment was so small, (about 300), that there was talk of combining the 8th and 9th Maine. After the Petersburg and Richmond campaign, the 9th was sent to North Carolina where it participated in the pursuit of Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston and was present for General Johnston's surrender on April 26, 1865.

Included in the lot is Gray's blue wool frock coat complete with all nine front buttons. The eagle infantry buttons are 23mm, with "D. Evans and Co/ Attleboro, Mass" backmarks [Albert 88A]. Completing the jacket are two cuff buttons and four tail buttons of similar design. The jacket is fully lined with quilted black cotton cloth. This frock coat is in fine condition exhibiting a few very minor and tiny moth holes that you have to look very hard to find. With the jacket is a set of 1st lieutenant's shoulder insignia. The insignia is the typical heavy bullion wire with a light blue (infantry) velvet center. This pair of shoulder insignia look to have never been sewn on.

With the group is Gray's appointment document to 1st Sergeant. The document measures 13.25" x 9.75", mounted and framed under glass to an overall size of 18.5" x 16.5", on a 9th Regiment of the Maine Infantry Volunteers printed document, dated September 5, 1864, "near Petersburg, Virginia". The document is toned overall from age and has been folded. There are two small holes at the intersection of the central folds, else it is in very good condition. Gray's discharge, 8.5" x 11", mounted and framed under glass to an overall size of 14.25" x 16.5", on a printed document, dated July 13, 1865, Raleigh, North Carolina. The document is toned but is in very good condition.

Lt. Gray's diary for 1864 is also included. The leather diary measures 3" x 6.75" and has pre-printed dates at the top of each of its pages. Gray's diary begins on January 1, 1864 with the mention of his re-enlistment at Black Island, South Carolina but doesn't begin in earnest until April and May when he returns to his regiment and they take up positions around Petersburg. Gray describes many actions and skirmishes throughout the period. The entry for Monday May, 23, 1864 reads: "Occassional shots between pickets. Enemy very active building fortifications in front of us. Reconniance [sic] made to the enemys [sic] rifle pits by our Regt. after dark, and had a sharp skirmish for a few moments in which we lost 15 killed and wounded." Gray becomes sick on June 24, 1864 and describes his hospital stay in pitiful entries through August 13, 1864. A sample of just a few entries from the period: "Weather hot and sultry, being very bad for wounded men and also sick. Died at a rate of 5 per day in the hospital here...Very hot about 200 wounded arrive from the front, wounded in the charge of 30th of July...Hot and sultry again, a great many of the sick and wounded dies, an average of 10 per day bereaved...". Gray mentions the election of 1864. November 7, 1864" Election in the Regt. resulting in a majority for A. Lincoln, President, 293 Republican, 54 Democrats." Laid in the dairy is a one page letter to Gray dated March 5, 1866, from an F. A. Newberry, Magnolia, North Carolina inquiring after his health and thanking him for treating the citizens of Magnolia well while in his official capacity. "We all will remember you with feelings of kindness for your protection while acting in your official capacity for to you and your brave boys alone are we indebted for even shelter to us and ours. We are all left comparatively poor, but be assured dear Sir your gentlemanly conduct while in our village will be ever remembered. I said to you while here that I had always been a "Union" man such is the fact although my sentiments had to remain within my own heart or with my family in order to retain even life itself to say nothing about property". Included are two Civil War letters, not written by or to Gray with interesting content. One letter dated November 22, 1862 is from a soldier in the 9th Maine to his mother and the other is a letter dated April 11, 1863 from a soldier in the 14th Vermont Infantry to his brother. This identified group would be an important addition to a private collection or museum.

Union Medical Officer's Frock Coat with Interesting Shoulder Boards. This Civil War Union officer's frock coat has two rows of nine Hortsmann staff officer's buttons down the front with three smaller buttons on each cuff. With some wear at the button holes and a 4" tear at the left front, this medical officer's frock coat has seen much wear but has some very interesting aspects to it. The shoulder boards are in the form of a heavy gold bullion thread Colonel's eagle flanked by two stars. They are very rare and are in good condition with wear to the outer edges. Accompanying the frock coat are two modern medals, the first being a Gettysburg Centennial "participant" medal and ribbon with the images of Generals Robert E. Lee and George Meade cast on the front attached to a blue and white ribbon. The second is a World War I commemorative medal with a recitation of a period poem cast on the front. The red, white, and blue ribbon attachment is frayed and held together by a pin.

While there are two buttons at the back center vent present, the accompanying two smaller buttons are missing. The black lining is in very good condition with a small repair inside the left front. This is a remarkable and rare frock coat with two interesting medals attached.

U.S. Artillery Corporal Shell Jacket. A scarce Civil War uniform that is US Army Arsenal Inspected and stenciled "16-42-22B" with original coarse brown lining. The corporal's chevrons are original to the coat as well; the chevrons are sewn onto black cloth sewn onto each sleeve. All buttons are of the two-piece style.

Civil War General Officer's Sash, Likely Confederate. Originally white, this coarse silk sash has aged to a mellow light buff color. Its length measures 90" and terminates in two heavily corded tassels. Sashes of this sort were used by generals of both armies, yet were especially favored by Confederates. Fine condition.

Brass Spur From the Famed Confederate Cavalry Unit, Mosby's Rangers. This single brass spur was owned by one of Mosby's 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry. John Singleton Mosby took over command of the 43rd Battalion in 1863, later known as Mosby's Command. This spur belonged to one of his rangers and is stamped with the initials 'G.T.B.' inside the spur. From the sunburst style rowel there extends floral engraving up to the spur itself.

Provenance: Main St., Warrenton, PA, by Ray Keller; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell's Cavalry Spur. Samuel Houston Caldwell spent the majority of his enlistment with the Confederate Army riding with the famed cavalryman General Nathan Bedford Forrest as his battlefield surgeon. This spur was with him and has been preserved by his descendents. With an approximately 3¼" opening to accept the rider's boot, it has a small rowell which is still attached even though this spur would have seen daily use in the field. The remaining spur was given to another family member. This is a historical wartime article used by the battlefield surgeon to General Forrest.

Confederate Spurs Captured at Yorktown, May 4, 1862. A pair of crudely cast iron spurs with 12-point rowels, in very good condition. Each spur is crudely etched on one side of the shank "Yorktown, Va", and "May 4, 1862" on the other side of the shank.

Post Civil War Officer's Boots. Square-toed officer's style boots with leather upper stitched to the sole. The foot and ankle region of the boot is made up of two pieces of leather stitched together, and the heel is nailed. A small cut or tear in the leather at the ankle on the right boot appears to have been there for some time. The pair is in excellent condition, save for the small cut with the original pull straps still on the inside. Although we feel these are post Civil War 1880s boots, there is no doubt that they would lend realism to a uniform display.

Civil War Leather Boots. One of the many variations in the different types of boots worn by Union and Confederates alike. This pair has long ago been re-soled and re-heeled with square headed nails. The leather, while not soft and supple, still retains its luster. This style would have come up to just above the calf with a faint impression that one would be for the left and one for the right.

Watervliet Arsenal Leather Union Artillery Gunner's Haversack. A brown leather haversack, 13" x 13", with closure strap, buckle, and leather carrying straps, stamped "U.S./ Watervliet/ Arsenal" on the front flap, with all brass hardware, very sound and in very good condition. An excellent example of an artilleryman's haversack, perfect for display with only light storage wear. The Watervliet Arsenal, the oldest U.S. arsenal, was established by the U. S. Army Ordnance Department in 1813.

Haversack Used by Captain Edward Sellers, 15th Cavalry, Pennsylvania Volunteers. This lot features a rare black leather haversack measuring 13" x 10.5" with carrying strap showing much field use. The straps to secure the flap are missing as are the original straps on the reverse side. There are portions of the original leather missing along the bottom edge of the haversack. The surface is scuffed and marked with use. The carrying strap is crazed but sound, complete with both brass hooks. A typed note found inside the haversack indicates that it once belonged to Captain Edward Sellers. Sellers enlisted August 22, 1862 as a 1st sergeant. He was promoted captain on May 8, 1863 and mustered into Company H of the Anderson's Cavalry, 15th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Anderson's Cavalry was an independent cavalry company primarily intended for escort and headquarters duty with General Robert Anderson, in command of the Army of the Ohio.

Indian Wars Bullet Pouch with Hangers with "U.S." embossed into the leather. The flap has a brass ball type frog closure, with double belt loops. Condition is very nice with regards to overall appearance, although the leather does show signs of age and use. 6.5" x 5.75".

A Union Cartridge Box, Strap, and Shield Plate. This Union cartridge box and strap have excellent bridle leather that is still pliable but that has seen much wear. The brass oval "US" device attached to the front has a nice patina with only slight denting. The bridle leather strap is also in very good condition showing equal wear and is fitted with an eagle breastplate that has a nice finish as well.

The interior of the cartridge box is in very good condition and retains its tin insert for carrying paper cartridges. The cap pouch still has its leather fastening strap that works perfectly.

This is a great example of the Union soldier's Civil War cartridge box and shoulder strap. The strap was commonly used to allow the box to rest on the soldier's right hip. It is fitted with a wide belt loop which also allowed the box to be worn on a waist belt.

Federal Box Knapsack. 14.75" x 13.5" x 4", wooden frame covered in a coarse tarred linen fabric, two inner flaps with tie, large blackened leather outer flap with a regimental "22" stenciled on the face. Missing straps, crazing to leather, 20% loss to fabric along the knapsack's base. Very good condition.

Allegheny Arsenal Leather Artillery Gunner's Haversack Dated 1864. A rare leather haversack, 13" x 14", with closure strap, buckle, and leather carrying straps, stamped "Allegheny Arsenal 1864" on the front flap, with all brass hardware, several early repairs to the seams which only give it character, in very good condition. This haversack was found in the attic of an old house in Maine. The Allegheny Arsenal was established by the U. S. Army Ordnance Department in 1814. The arsenal served as a supply and manufacturing center for military equipment.

Leather Cap Pouch. An unmarked, generic leather cap pouch, 3.75" x 3.5", complete with belt loop and flap retaining strap and metal stud, with crazing to the surface, else good condition.

Battlefield Pick-Up Confederate M1861 Cartridge Box, at Cedar Mountain 8" x 7" x 2". A yellowed note accompanying this appropriated Federal accouterment reads "rebel cartridge pouch found on battlefield on Cedar Mountain by Gresham T. Slaughter". Given this provenance, the box was no doubt carried - and lost - by a soldier serving under Stonewall Jackson on August 9, 1862 when Confederate forces defeated Nathaniel Banks at Cedar Mountain in Culpeper County, Virginia. The outer flap of the cartridge box had been customized by its anonymous owner in a bold showing of Confederate patriotism: He stenciled the initials "C S A" in white paint on the surface that formerly held a brass oval plate. Other than this important alteration, the cartridge box is typical of the 1861 model. It has four tin inserts, two iron roller buckles, and a brass finial. The surfaces of the leather are moderately crazed and show wear to the extremities. The stenciling, although perfectly legible, has been scuffed and worn to a considerable degree. This is an important relic demonstrating how Southerners made do with what they had.

Provenance: Gresham Slaughter; Lee Wallace; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Model 1858 Canteen Marked to the 3rd Connecticut Volunteer Infantry. An 1858 pattern smooth side canteen with about 80% of the original brown cloth cover remaining and original carrying strap. The original stopper and retaining chain are still present. On one side of the canteen, though worn, one can make out a stencil of crossed rifles above which is an "A" and underneath which is "3/ CT", indicating Company A of the 3rd Connecticut Volunteer Infantry. There are some large dents in the body; else, it is in good condition.

Soldier Art Painted Canteen. An idyllic camp scene painted in oil on the obverse of an M-1858 pattern smooth side canteen. The scene features a group of tents set among trees with soldiers going about the typical pursuits of camp life. The colors have slightly faded with time, but the paint is complete. The reverse of the canteen is painted in a nicely patinated ochre color. The canteen is 7.75" in diameter and 2.25" wide with three tin sling loops spaced around the rim. The stopper is present but is a modern replacement. The canteen shows wear from storage with a deep dent on the reverse side. The seams are still intact. Very good condition.

Confederate Canteen with Original Strap. 6.5" in diameter, 2.25" wide, tin with circular design on each side, soldered seams and spout, original stopper, and cotton cloth carrying strap with iron buckle. One of many variations of Confederate canteens with a few small dents, one minute hole, and a stained strap with several tears and snags, else very good condition.

Lot of Chevrons, Buttons, and Bullets Collected by Corporal Nathan Warren including: two Union infantry chevrons; two bullets (one flattened); one glass glove button; two fossils; one ivory cross; two general service Union uniform buttons, 20mm; one Union infantry button, 14mm; one round pin dispenser (with straight pins); an arrowhead; and one unidentified brass item. Corporal Warren was a twenty-four year old clerk from Waltham, Massachusetts when he enlisted into Company "G" of the 45th Massachusetts Infantry. A nice veteran's collection.

Pair of Confederate Major's Stars, Hand Sewn with Blue backing. These Confederate Major's stars would have been sewn on either side of a Confederate officer's frock coat. Confederate insignias were made with a cloth backing. These examples are hand-stitched and originally came from a Confederate museum in Knoxville that closed due to the Great Depression.

These Confederate Major's stars come with a copy of a photograph of a Confederate wearing similar stars as well as a copy of the newspaper clipping concerning the closing of the museum. Also included is a letter of authenticity from a previous sale.

Provenance: Confederate Memorial Museum, Knoxville, Tennessee; Steve Mullinax collection, author of Confederate Belt Buckles and Plates.

Union Staff Officer's Button on a Gold Chain - A War Trophy Owned by Confederate Surgeon Samuel Houston Caldwell. This Union staff officer's button on a modern gold chain was a war trophy picked up by Confederate Surgeon Samuel Houston Caldwell. A standard staff officer's button, it has been handed down through the Caldwell family.

Grouping of 17 Non-Dug Massachusetts Militia Buttons includes: ten three-piece 23 mm staff buttons similar to Tice MS201A but having an 1860-1870 Scovill backmark; four matching three-piece 15 mm cuff buttons; one three-piece 21 mm staff button, Tice MS210F3; two three-piece 23 mm staff buttons with Steele & Johnson backmarks, Tice MS210G 1 and 2. Full gilt in excellent condition.

Grouping of Four Non-Dug Connecticut Militia Buttons, all two-piece 23 mm coat buttons with various Scovill backmarks, Tice CT205. Excellent condition.

Mixed Grouping of 12 Non-Dug Federal Eagle Buttons, includes: six 23 mm Eagle "I" buttons, Tice GI215, with Extra Quality (4), W. G. Mintzer (1) and Steele & Johnson (1) backmarks; two 23 mm Eagle "A" buttons, Tice AY215, one each with Extra Quality and Scovill backmarks; two 16 mm Eagle "A" cuff buttons, 16 mm, one each with Extra Quality and Horstmann backmarks; two 23 mm Eagle "C" buttons, Tice CV215, one each with Extra Quality and Scovill backmarks. All buttons are in excellent condition with full gilt.

Set of Dug Federal Plates With Leather Remnants. US cartridge box plate, 56 x 88 mm, and eagle shoulder belt plate, 65 mm diameter, stamped brass faces with lead-filled backs into which are set iron attachment loops. Both have slick faces with beautiful brown patinas and full lead. The cartridge box plate is still backed by leather and is only missing the very tops of its attachment loops. The eagle plate is pristine and comes with a loose fragment of leather. A pioneer Virginia relic hunter recovered these magnificent plates in the first half of the 20th century when quality was the norm rather than the exception.

New York Militia Officer Belt Plate With Sword Belt. 50mm x 77mm, gilt cast brass with applied brass tongue and integral motif in fine condition. On original leather belt, 27" long, 1.5" wide, with brass keeper, with both sword handing straps present and complete with brass hooks, with crazing to surface of leather, else in very good condition.

Scarce Non-Dug Regulation 1839 Pattern Waist Belt Plate. 40 x 71 mm, ca. 1840s - 1850s, stamped brass face with two attachment hooks set in a lead-filled back. This example appears to have been cleaned long ago and is re-toned. Such diminutive plates were the first US ovals and are occasionally found in a Civil War context.

Belt, Buckle, and Cap Box of Union Sergeant William Woods of the 5th New Hampshire - Gettysburg, Killed at Petersburg. This belt and buckle set was owned by Sergeant William Woods of the 5th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry who was killed at the Battle of Petersburg. He had seen much action before Petersburg at Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg.

This belt set includes a standard "US" brass buckle and cap box on a 2" wide, 40" long bridle leather belt. The entire set shows considerable wear, but the leather is still pliable with the stitching on the cap box intact. This is a great presentation piece worn by a soldier who fought at Gettysburg and died at Petersburg.

Confederate States Navy Button Made into a Pin. This rare backmarked "extra rich" Confederate States Navy has the fouled anchor and "CSN" cast on the front. It has been converted during the Civil War era to a pin. The fastening device at the rear is fully functional making this an attractive historical item from the Confederate States Navy.

Original Card of Confederate Navy Buttons and an 1865 Imprint Relating to Clothing for CSN Officers. A spectacular hoard of twenty-four English-made 18mm Confederate Navy buttons having the Courtney & Tennent backmark (Tice CSN210-Am), on original paper as sold by the Charleston outfitters. The face of each heavily gilt brass button is die-struck in extremely high relief with crossed cannon and a fouled anchor above "C.N". These scarce and popular buttons are in mint state. As an untouched set, they are extremely rare.

Also included in this lot is a related Confederate Government imprint: "Estimate For Clothing for the Officers of the Navy, under Acts of Congress approved respectively the 16th and 19th of January, A. D. 1865", three pages, 8vo, Richmond, Virginia, February 11, 1865 (Parrish & Willingham 2054). This congressional imprint approves a request forwarded by the Confederate Navy Department for over a million dollars worth of CSN clothing. Signed in print by Jefferson Davis and Stephen Mallory, the imprint gives a fascinating itemization of the Navy's requirements. Toned with light marginal browning.

These were from the estate of the commanding officer of the CSS Texas, and were deaccessioned from his papers by Smith College in Virginia.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Lot of Tennessee Buttons and Troy, New York Trade Tokens. Includes: a State of Tennessee staff button, 23mm, WATERBURY BUTTON CO.* backmark, slightly bent shank; a post-Civil War State of Tennessee button, 23mm, M. C. LILLEY & CO. COLUMBUS, O. backmark; Louisville & Nashville Railroad button, 19mm, SCOVILL MFG. CO. WATERBURY backmark; copper trade token, 20mm, CHARLES BABCOCK, JEWELER TROY, N.Y., obverse dated 1863; and, brass trade token, 20mm, OLIVER BOUTHWELL MILLER * TROY N. Y. *, obverse dated 1863. All fine or better.

Grouping of Three Non-Dug Georgia Militia Buttons. All two-piece 23 mm coat buttons with W. G. Mintzer/ Phil'a 1861 backmarks, Tice GA203. Beautiful Southern buttons with full gilt faces and silvered backs. Excellent condition.

Grouping of Ten Non-Dug South Carolina Militia Buttons. Includes: one two-piece 23 mm coat button with Schuyler H & G backmark, Tice SC248, tiny push to face mentioned for accuracy; eight two-piece 18 mm buttons with Hortsmann & Allien backmarks, Tice SC266, full, shiny gilt; one 14 mm cuff button with Fine Quality backmark, not listed in Tice, push to face.

Grouping of 16 Non-Dug Virginia Militia Buttons. Includes: five three-piece 22 mm coat buttons with Extra Quality backmark; nine three-piece 15 mm cuff buttons with D. Klein & Bro. Phil'a backmark; and two one-piece 20 mm flower buttons with R & W Robinson Extra Rich backmark. The state seal buttons are similar to Tice VA261. All are in excellent condition. An interesting note accompanying the buttons reads "30 Mar 1985 Bill McGuinn & Vernon Moss: Transitional. Could be period - or late. Real early flat button from same uniform suggests period". McGuinn and Moss are the respected authors of American Military Button Makers and Dealers; Their Backmarks & Dates. Although this reference book states that Klein products are all post-war, the authors' personal examination of these buttons suggests otherwise.

Two-Piece Virginia Militia Officer's Belt Plate. 86mm x 50mm, heavily gilt brass, ca. 1850s. An exquisite interlocking tongue and wreath buckle similar to those illustrated as Plates 405 and 406 in Confederate Belt Buckles and Plates by Steve E. Mullinax. The cast wreath consists of laurel leaves bound top and bottom with crossed ribbons. The tongue portion is deeply struck with Virginia's State Seal, which shows the Roman personification of Virtue standing triumphant over Tyranny. The border around this central medallion has "Virginia" at the top and "Sic Semper Tyrannis" - Thus Always to Tyrants - below. John Wilkes Booth, incidentally, shouted this motto as he fled Ford's Theater after shooting Abraham Lincoln. In superb as-issued condition and thus very rare. This plate comes from a salesman's sample set that featured two-piece plates of the various states.

Provenance: Ken Ferreo Collection (from a salesman's prewar sampleboard of State Belt Buckles broken up and sold by Ferreo); The Tharpe Collection of American Military History.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum.

Virginia Button Hatpin, approximately 2.75" overall length, three-piece staff button with Extra Quality backmark. Nice old toning and in excellent condition.

Provenance: Keith Estate; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Identified Virginia Cavalryman's Belt Plate. U.S. Model 1851 sword belt plate, approximately 3.25" x 2", cast brass with applied silver wreath, ownership attributed to Private Octavus Jeffries, Co. "D", 4th Virginia Cavalry. Attractive original patina with a few small areas of green verdigris, tips to wreath missing, as is keeper. Fine condition. Company "D" was the formal designation for the Little Fork Rangers of Culpeper County.

Provenance: Jeffries Family; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History.

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Seventh Cavalry Regimental Badge Accompanied by Civil War-Dated Custer Autograph Letter Signed "G. A. Custer B. Maj. Gen". One page, 7.5" x 4.5", Headquarters, 3rd Div Cav., January 5,1865, to jeweler Charles Tiffany of New York. The letter reads as follows: "Messrs Tiffany& Co. Please make to the order of Col Hastings one of the 'Custer Badges' and oblige G. A. Custer B. Maj Gen" Smith H. Hastings was commissioned into Company "M"of the 5th Michigan Cavalry in 1862 and was promoted through the ranks to colonel by December 17, 1864. He was wounded in June of 1864 at Trevilian Station, Virginia when Wade Hampton's Confederates surrounded the Michigan 5th Cavalry. In one of the bloodiest battles (and the largest all-cavalry battle) of the Civil War, the unit sustained over 400 casualties with the Rebels capturing nearly half of the regiment. The Confederates were victorious.

Along with this letter, offered here is this rare original medal created by Tiffany & Co. to Custer's exact specifications, just like the one commissioned for Hastings. Featuring an inverted five-point star with the numeral "7" and mounted on a modified Maltese Cross, "Custer" is printed on a blue inked background. The Michigan state motto "Tuebor " (meaning "I will defend") is inked along the bottom of the cross. In script, inscribed on the reverse is "Fred Riedel, Co C., 7th Mich Cavy". Wear to the original lacquered finish and a small chip in the central enameling does not diminish the quality and look of this amazing artifact. Representing one of the finest pieces of Seventh Cavalry history, Custer himself can be seen wearing an identical Seventh Cavalry Badge in a series of portraits taken by Matthew Brady in May of 1865.

Very Rare Civil War Press Badge. The first war in history to be covered extensively by the press, much less to be photographed in detail, the Civil War saw the advent of the issuance of press badges to identify the press corps and to distinguish them from spies or civilians who had no place on the battle lines.

Measuring 1½" across, this five-pointed metal badge is engraved "PRESS" within a floral design. The pin at back is broken and the silver metal somewhat tarnished. This is a rare example of the earliest badges used by the American press.

Civil War Identification Disk. Civil War identification disks were the precursors to the modern day dog tags. Of use in identifying soldiers that lay dead or dying on the battlefield, to the survivors of the war they became souvenirs that were treasured as a memento of the war.

Probably purchased from a sutler out in the field, this particular disk was owned by Charles P. Booth of Company "B" with the 4th Minnesota Volunteers that fought at Corinth and Vicksburg. Along with the soldier's name and unit which would appear on the front of the disk, a patriotic theme would be standard on the reverse. On this particular disk, the slogan "Against Rebellion" around a federal shield has been stamped. Measuring approximately 1" in diameter, this identification disk is in good condition with a hole for a necklace punched at the top of the disk.

Engraved Union 22nd Corps Badge With Discharge Medal. Both of these items commemorate the Civil War service of a William J. Wood. The first piece is a 1.5" solid gold five-pointed corps badge with an applied red enamel center reading "22nd". The reverse is professionally engraved "William J. Wood Army of the Shenandoah 59th Penna. Vol." In excellent condition with original attachment loop. This is accompanied by a West Virginia brass service medal, 38 mm diameter, with a brass hanger, 1.75" x .5", reading "Honorably Discharged". The obverse shows a soldier being crowned by Liberty above a state seal between 1861 and 1865. The reverse has "Presented by the State of West Virginia" within a laurel wreath. The edge of the medal is engraved "Wm. J. Wood. Corpl. Co F. 3rd Reg Cav Vols." Old brown toning and in extremely fine condition.

Named New Hampshire 5th Infantry Badge. 1.25" x 1.5", silver, pin back, no maker mark, fine condition. The obverse is ornately engraved "D. H. Nichols Co G 5th N.H.V." David H. Nichols enlisted on September 16, 1861, at Claremont, New Hampshire as a private. Shortly thereafter he mustered into G Company of the New Hampshire 5th Infantry. He was discharged for an unknown disability on February 2, 1863. On August 25, 1864, he mustered into F Company Veteran Reserve Corps 24th. He was again discharged for disability on May 6, 1865, at Washington, D.C.

5th New Hampshire Volunteers Silver Identification Badge. 1" x 1.75" (including pin), marked "STERLING" on reverse, engraved "D. G. Reed 5th N.H.V." Reed, of Newport, New Hampshire, was commissioned on July 22, 1861; he was in "E" Co., Sharpshooters. Very fine.

Irish Brigade - Massachusetts 29th Volunteer Infantry Ladder Badge. 2.24" x 5" (to bottom of tassel), pinback, no maker mark, comprised of four nickel suspension bars engraved in turn "Co. E/ 29/ Mass./ Vol. Inf." with the letters filled in with black paint, completed by a bullion wire tassel. The pin shows evidence of a previous repair, else the badge is in fine condition. This unit was part of the famed 'Irish Brigade' and distinguished themselves at the Sunken Road at Antietam.

Silver 9th Corps Badge. 1" x 1.75" (to top of pendant), silver, suspended from pendant. The obverse is engraved with the crossed cannon and anchor device of the 9th Corp (Department of Ohio, Army of the Potomac) with a nicely engraved ribbon border around the edge.

Named Massachusetts 1861 Minutemen or "First Call" Medal. A beautifully struck bronze medal, 1.5" in diameter, inscribed along rim "Samuel H. Phillips, Prvt.B.8th.Reg", suspended from a pendant reading "Massachusetts Minute Men 1861". The obverse depicts the seal of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; the reverse "To the members of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia who were mustered into the United States service in response to President Lincoln's first call for troops April 15, 1861." Samuel Phillips was a resident of Marblehead, Massachusetts and enlisted on April 15, 1861, as a private. He served in "B" Company of the 8th Massachusetts Infantry as well as Company "A" of the 4th Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Fine condition.

Rare Fort Sumter Gillmore Medal Drop. Bronze, 35mm in diameter, finely struck with excellent detail, in fine condition. The obverse features Fort Sumter in relief with "Fort Sumter" above and "Aug. 23d 1863" below. The reverse bears Major General Gillmore's signature in relief with "For Gallantry and Meritorious Conduct" in relief around the edge of the medal. As originally issued this medal would have been suspended from a pendant on which the recipient's name would have been engraved. This example appears to have never had the pendant attached. Major General Quincy A. Gillmore commanded Fort Sumter during the Civil War and the medal that bears his name was issued under his local authority to Union soldiers who had served under his command. The U.S. Army never officially recognized the medal but did permit it to be worn on uniforms. With the creation of the Civil War Campaign Medal, the Gillmore Medal was made obsolete.

New Hampshire 1889 Veteran's Association Reunion Ribbon. Silk with gold wire fringe, 2" x 7", pinback, two small age spots on the edge, else fine condition. The front of the ribbon bears an image of Colonel Edward E. Cross, killed during the battle of the Wheatfield at Gettysburg.

Confederate Surgeon Samuel Houston Caldwell's Very Rare Forrest Cavalry Corps "Staff" Reunion Ribbon - May 1901. Caldwell remained active after the Civil War, attending reunions of Confederate Veterans after the formation of the United Confederate Veterans organization in 1889. But he was even more active in the reunions of the forces of Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest's former cavalrymen, a unit he served with as the battlefield surgeon for most of the war.

In May 1901, the Forrest Cavalry Corps reunited at Memphis, Tennessee. UCV Commander former Confederate General John Brown Gordon had appointed Dr. Caldwell the Chief Surgeon of the United Confederate Veterans in Tennessee. This elaborate, very possibly one-of-a-kind staff ribbon from the May 1901 Forrest Cavalry Corps reunion at Memphis was owned and worn by Surgeon Caldwell.

Manufactured by the Whitehead and Hoag Company of Newark, New Jersey, this ribbon and pin are made of gold silk embroidery with gold bullion coils at the bottom. The ribbon is of red silk with crossed Confederate flags at the top made with intricate, corrugated silk; the "Staff" device is an ivory-colored enameled pin. An enameled image of General Forrest is affixed to the center of the ribbon.

1909 Memphis United Confederate Veterans Reunion Badge. A handsome item with two colored enamel rebel flags crossed at the very top of the pin above "Memphis" and "June 8-9-10 1909." Hanging beneath is a medal picturing Albert Sidney Johnston with the text "United / Confederate / Veterans / 19th / Reunion" on the radiating arms. Marked on the reverse as made by Whitehead & Hoag of Newark, New Jersey. Excellent condition with a pleasing brown patina, pin on back possibly repaired or replaced. 1.5" x 3.125" overall.

1934 Chattanooga Sons of Confederate Veterans Reunion Ribbon Badge for a member of the "Staff of Commander-in-Chief." Red over white swallowtail ribbons, overall dimensions 1.75" x 4.75". Overall fine condition with some damage to the red ribbon.

United Confederate Veterans Reunion Badge Picturing Robert E. Lee. This 36mm goldtone medal with Lee facing left is hanging from a pin marked "Souvenir". The reverse shows the first national, the third national, and the naval jack flags crossed. Excellent condition with much original luster.

30th New York Volunteers Iron Brigade Silver Medal. 41mm, the obverse beautifully engraved "IRON / 30/ N.Y.V. / BRIGADE" center, and "*DEATH TO TRAITORS* 1861 UNION 1863" around. The reverse has engraved battle honors in script, "Bull Run, / South Mountain, / Antietam, / Massaponnax, / Fredericksburg," Center, and " Falmouth, Rappahannock, Sulpher Srp's, Groveston, Gainsville" around.

The 30th regiment, organized at Troy, was mustered into the U. S. service for two years on June 1, 1861. It left the state for Washington on June 28 and established winter quarters at Upton's hill until March 10, 1862. They left camp with the 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, 1st Corps, Army of the Potomac (the Iron Brigade) and marched to Bull Run. From there to Falmouth, then to Massaponax and Front Royal. The regiment fought at White Sulpher Springs, at Gainesville, at Groveton, and the second Bull Run, losing in the last battle 66 members killed or mortally wounded out of 341 engaged- over 19 per cent. The regiment moved into Maryland and was active at South Mountain and at Anita, after which it went into camp at Sharpsburg, where its sadly depleted ranks were reinforced by the addition of new recruits. On October 30, 1862, the regiment moved to Warrenton, then to Brooks' station, near Falmouth and participated in the battle of Fredericksburg. The regiment took part in the Chancellorsville campaign, then left on May 28, 1863, for Albany, and was there mustered out on June 18. There is a rough spot at 12 o'clock on the rim where the suspension was attached (now missing), else very fine.

Rhinestone "CSA" United Confederate Veterans Pin. Confederate Veterans of the Civil War formed the United Confederate Veterans organization in 1889 to raise money for widows, orphans and veterans of the war. They held reunions all over the South and designed pins, reunion badges, and all manner of devices to wear on their lapels.

This rhinestone "CSA'"pin is one of the more elaborate pieces designed for soldiers of the Confederate States of America. Set with dozens of diamond-like rhinestones, the "CSA" is formed in a decorative fashion in the middle of the diamond-shaped pin. The fastening device at rear is fully functional.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Grouping Associated With Confederate Brigadier General Gilbert Moxley Sorell. Includes the following items:
Southern Cross of Honor, 1.25" x 2" overall. The hanger reads "G. M. Sorrel" and is above a cruciform bronze medal having the Confederate battle flag centered on the obverse with "United Daughters (of the) Confederacy To The U.C V." The reverse reads "Southern Cross of Honor Deo Vindice 1861 - 1865". Original old toning and in excellent condition. The UDC first presented these attractive service medals in 1900 to members of the United Confederate Veterans. Sorrel, scion of a prosperous Savannah family, is best remembered for his service as James Longstreet's aide-de-camp. In the fall of 1864, Sorrel was promoted to brigadier general and commanded his own brigade in William Mahone's division of A. P. Hill's 3rd Army Corps. General Sorrel, who had already been wounded at Sharpsburg and Gettysburg, was shot through the lung at Hatcher's Run, Virginia on February 7, 1865. He survived the war, returning to his hometown. Since General Sorrel died in 1901, his Cross of Honor would have been among the earliest ones distributed.
Army of Northern Virginia Service Badge. Approximately 1" x 3" overall with ribbon, enameled brass. A Confederate battle flag marked "A.N.V." is attached to a suspension loop having a white panel reading "1861 - 1865". The whole is attached to a red and white ribbon. This simple veteran's item is enhanced by its association with Sorrel. The ribbon is somewhat frayed and stained, however the badge is in excellent condition.
Gilbert Moxley Sorrel: Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer. (New York and Washington: The Neale Publishing Company, 1905), 315 pages, grey cloth, 8vo (5.5" x 8.5"). Wear and soiling to covers, some internal stains and light foxing, library plate and stamp to front end papers. Binding remains tight, very good condition. Sorrel's posthumously published memoirs contain one of the best eyewitness accounts General Mott's death at Williamsburg and are celebrated for their insightful recollections of the Confederate high command.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Silver Virginia State Seal Medallion from the John Ford Collection. This unique medallion is of the Virginia state seal in an oval shape surrounded by a buckle device. At the top near the hole fashioned to accept a necklace there is scrollwork around the edge of the oval. Manufactured during the Civil War, these type medallions are rarely found today.

Symbolic of Virginia pride and individualism, these pendants would be worn by men and women alike during the war. Cast in bas-relief, the silver oval depicts the Roman goddess Virtus standing atop the figure of tyranny who lies beneath her foot with his crown knocked off. With a sword in her right hand and a spear in her left, the semi-nude Virtus is wearing warrior attire. The oval is surrounded on the three sides by the state's Latin motto, Sic Semper Tyrannus, translated to "thus always to tyrants" referring to the death of the tyrant under Virtus' feet.

This medallion shows some grime that has accumulated over time, but the overall condition of the piece is excellent.

Provenance: John Ford; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Silk Flag Scarf From the 1900 G.A.R. Encampment, Chicago. 24" x 15.25". The central motif is a 45 star flag surrounded by Union corps badges. In the four corners are medals from veteran organizations including the Grand Army of the Republic and the Women's Relief Corps. Some staining, else fine.

F. A. Packard's Personal Specimen 25¢ Sutler Token for the 94th Illinois Volunteers Infantry Regiment. The sutler token presented here is Schenkman #O-25-B, Curto 222, 22mm, struck in brass, and is a Rarity 9. It is one of only two known examples, the only other being the plate specimen pictured in Schenkman's Civil War Sutler Tokens, and was acquired directly from the Packard family. F. A. Packard was a sutler for the 94th Illinois Volunteers, also known as the McLean County Regiment as most of the soldiers resided in McLean County. As a sutler, Packard followed select Union regiments during the Civil War in order to provide the troops with both essential and luxury goods, such as fruit, canned goods, paper, tobacco, and liquor. The soldiers could purchase goods on credit with tokens like the one here, to be redeemed by the sutler at a later time. The obverse of the token reads "GOOD FOR 25 CENTS IN GOODS F. A. PACKARD SUTLER 94' ILL'S REG." Typical of sutler tokens, the surface includes the name of the sutler as well as the specific unit to which the token applied. The reverse reads "JOHN STANTON STAMP BRAND CUTTER CINCINNATI", the craftsman who struck the tokens for Packard.

Led by Colonel John McNulta, the 94th Illinois Infantry fought for three years during the Civil War's most active period from 1862-1865. Their first battle occurred at the Battle of Prairie Grove in Arkansas on December 7, 1862. Six months later, between June 12 and July 4, 1863, the regiment participated in the Siege of Vicksburg in Mississippi, helping General Grant win a critical Union victory that seized control of the Mississippi River for the North. The 94th Illinois lost just one soldier on the Vicksburg battlefield, and only 11 total in their nine battles, the last of which was the Siege of Spanish Fort in Alabama. Spanish Fort was yet another Union victory early in 1865, and concluded with a Confederate retreat on April 8, 1865. The following day General Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse. This is a fascinating piece of exonumia from a most successful Union regiment.

The Sutler of the 47th Ohio Vol. Infantry, October 9th, 1862, A. Hirsch Sutler, 25c, one of five known, standing Liberty with flag and shield and Indian Maid opposite. Two small pieces, one at each end, of tape attached long ago, else fine. Rare denomination, R-7 Keller Sutler Paper Money.

To Paymaster of the 9th Massachusetts Regiment. Partial date 186_, Albert Fuller, Sutler, no printer. Unissued remainder, extremely fine condition with small corner missing, unlisted.

To the Paymaster of the 7th Regiment of the New Jersey Volunteers. Jan. 15, 1862, Robert Aitken Sutler, R-7, signed Daniel Wetzell (by his mark), verso penciled Daniel Wetzell, left edge written in pencil "Lieu. D. Hart", center fold, washed out in the center. Good to fine condition. Daniel Wetzell enlisted into the 7th in 1861 as a private. He died in the spring of 1862 of typhoid fever.

46th under 72nd Regiment Ill. Volunteers Co. E, Sep, 12th 1864, J. L. Hayward Sutler lined out and replaced with hand written Elordwern (sic), $2 handsigned James Schultz front and also on verso. Stain in the center and around the edges. Very good.

Paymaster 59th Regiment O.V.U.S.A. Scrip, J. B. Goodwin Sutler, partial date 186_, unused remainder complete with stub, no printer, closely trimmed edge, 6.75" x 2". Fine.

To Paymaster of the 23rd Maine Regiment. Parital date 186_, A.F. Jackson, Sutler, no printer. Unissued Remainder complete with stub, Extremely fine to uncirculated

Paymaster 89th Regiment. Ohio V., March 8th, 1863, W. Cofres Sutler $2, J. McMullen, printer, hand signed by John H. Woolard, verso reads "The Within Named John H. Willard (sic) is a member of Company D" 89th Reg. Ohio V., USA and approved by I. C. Nelson. Nelson was promoted to captain two months later. Edge stain, light discoloration throughout, used.

Due Joel Jenkins, Sutler of 12th N. Hampshire Vols. Partial date 186_, Kelly and Piet printer, unissued remainder, Extremely fine to uncirculated, Unlisted.

District of North Carolina Special Pass, No. 832, July 23, 1864, for William Ferrill, Signed "H. T. Lawson" as "Major & Chief Provost Marshal" on front. On verso, "Approved by Command of Brig. Gen. Edward Harland E Parkinson Asst. Adj. Gen." Worn with bent corner. H. T. Lawson was commissioned into the Field and Staff of the Massachusetts 2nd Heavy Artillery from 1863-1864. It was three months after signing this pass that Lawson died of disease at New Berne, NC.

To the Paymaster of the 1st District Cavalry. Co. D (Washington, D.C.), Dated 1864, Wm. S. Wilder, Sutler, printer, H. Polkinhorn, unissued remainder complete with stub. Extremely fine to uncirculated.

To the Paymaster of 15th Regiment Mass Volunteers. Dated Dec 16, 1861, A. Knox Sutler, $1, handsigned James S. Kirkup enlisted into Co. G November 26,1861. Light stain near the edge on the front and verso, unlisted example.

Fort Columbus, Sept. 16, 1846, William Kendall Post, Sutler. $4, hand signed H. Degroot on the front. Written on the verso "Degroot". William Kendall was the regularly appointed sutler for Fort Columbus in New York Harbor. Slight fold along the right and ink is bleeding through to the opposite side. Very rare, from the time of the Mexican War, this scrip references a sutler who maintained the post throughout the Civil War.

Collection of 5 Rare Civil War Cardboard Scrip. 153d Reg't N. Y. Vol., H. M. Gale Sutler , 5c, Battle honors: Red River Campaign, Sabine Crossroads, Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek back stamped with 5, one is clipped to its borders, others are fine. This lot includes an extremely rare uncut sheet of three.

Fort Dalles Post Bakery Good For 2 Rations Bread cardboard coupon. Here we have a rare and early set of cardboard bread rations from the Oregon Territory. Each one different in color and most in very good to fine condition. The rations are 2.25" x 1.5", except a light orange variety which has been trimmed. Each has been signed on the verso by A. H. Steele.

Fort Dalles was an early Oregon outpost established by the U. S. Army in 1850, along the Columbia River. The site of the fort overlooked an encampment used by Lewis and Clark in their 1805 western expedition. For soldiers in the Oregon Territory during the Civil War, life was a bit monotonous. Monthly post returns reported desertions, suicides, and drunken behavior, so it was no surprise when Fort Dalles was abandoned in 1867 after the war. It seems these coupons must have been used about the time the country was in civil turmoil.

The Cavalry Effects of James Keith, Black Horse Troop and Mosby's Rangers. James Keith rode with famed Confederate Cavalry Colonel John Singleton Mosby and his 43rd Battalion of Cavalry, "Mosby's" Rangers. An attorney and judge at Warrenton, Virginia after the war, Keith practiced law with Mosby for a time and later served on the Virginia Court of Appeals. Keith lived at Brentmore in Warrenton, which he sold to Mosby in 1877. These cavalry accouterments Keith used during the war include his spurs, heavy brass stirrups, "Black Horse" hat plume, and binoculars. Also included are his Cuban cigar box, United Confederate Veterans reunion medals, and mementos from the war.

While originally joining the 4th Virginia Cavalry, Company "H" as a private with the famed Black Horse Troop, he ended the war riding with Colonel Mosby and his 43rd Battalion with the title "Adjutant." In an article by the Richmond Times published on February 23, 1896, Keith is said to have had "many marvelous escapes" and that he "greatly distinguished himself" during the war.

Keith's brass spurs show much wear. One of the 13-point rowels is missing as is the buckle of one of the two leather straps. The heavy brass stirrups he used during the war show much usage as well. They are made of very heavy brass and show the dents and dings they would have suffered due to heavy usage in the war.

James Keith's ostrich plume he wore in his cavalry hat measures over one foot in length and still has the metal rod running through it that would have kept it stiff and attached to the hat.

His "Marchand of Paris" brand metal and leather binoculars are in perfect working condition. With the engraving "Day & Night" and "U.S. Signal" engraved on the barrels of the binoculars they measure a full 7" in length when fully extended. The focus wheel works perfectly and the leather is in good condition although the glasses have seen much wear.

James Keith was an active member of the United Confederate Veterans Organization at Warrenton, Virginia after the war. Formed in 1889 to assist Confederate widows, orphans and disabled veterans; Keith was a member of the Joe Kendall Camp of the U.C.V. at Warrenton. Reunions were held all over the South and even in Washington D.C. where the former Confederates met their former foes in blue.

This painted tin button from that June 1917 reunion has a red and white ribbon extending from the bottom of the pin with the gold-stenciled words "Virginia, Warrenton, Joe Kendall Camp No. 9 C. V." Made by Ehrman Company of Boston, it is of the stickpin variety. The front of the button reads "Official Reunion Badge UCV Reunion Washington, DC, June 5-6-7-1917". In the center of the wording is a picture of four hands shaking with "N, S, E, W" on the sleeves of the coats, all on top of a Confederate battle flag.

An additional reunion ribbon and pin is specific to Keith's membership in the Black Horse Troop, Company "H" of the 4th Virginia Cavalry, it has a white oblong gold-trimmed device with a pin on the back. It is enameled and has the word "member" on the back with a green ribbon attached that bears the words "1900" and "Company H".

Two 1907 United Confederate Veteran's two-piece medals are included with this lot as well. They are very attractive with one having a Confederate and Virginia flag on the top device and a monument on the bottom pendant. The other medal is specific to the "Veteran Cavalry Association" of the Army of Northern Virginia and features a casting of a statue of General J.E.B. Stuart, the famed Confederate cavalry leader who was killed during the war.

Another UCV button is of white-enameled tin and depicts a stand of three Confederate flags and was made by the St. Louis button company.

James Keith also accumulated war trophies and souvenirs from the war, some of which are included with this lot. A brass pair of crossed sabers and a federal eagle device hat pin and a Virginia Confederate button made into a stick pin round out the items with war association. A personal possession, a wooden Cuban cigar box from the H. Upmann Company "Habana" measuring 13" x 6" x 3½" is included as well. Made from a blond wood it has a brass ring pull device that recesses into the top and brass hinges that are all in good condition.

This is an outstanding archive of James Keith material, from wartime and post-war years, that is rare for a Confederate Black Horse Troop cavalryman, as well as the friend and law partner of Colonel John Singleton Mosby.

Provenance: The Keith family; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Two Post-War Images of 4th Virginia Cavalry Luminaries. The first is a photograph of Brigadier General William Henry Fitzhugh Payne (1830 - 1904), overall 4.25" x 6" with mount, ca. 1900. Payne is wearing a civilian suit with a broad-rimmed hat. The matt is embossed by the Davis Gallery of Richmond, Virginia. A verso inscription simply reads "Gen. Payne CSA". General Payne's association with the 4th Virginia Cavalry began modestly as a captain in 1861 and ended with his becoming a brigadier under Jubal Early in 1864. Payne's service was marked by multiple wounds and captures. This picture's mat is somewhat chipped and moderately stained; however, the photographic print remains in excellent condition. The second image is a cabinet card showing his brother A. D. Payne and carries the backmark of J. A. Benjamin, Warrenton, Virginia, ca.1880s. The back of the image is also inscribed, and possibly autographed, "A. D. Payne" in pencil. The former Confederate stands to profile in a civilian suit. Payne, an attorney by profession, was a captain in the 4th Virginia's Black Horse Troop. Light soiling, very good condition. Payne's company was highly regarded by General Jackson and often served to relay messages to General Lee.

Provenance: The Payne Estate; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Colonel Thomas Smith Full Malacca Walking Stick. 35", fine silver head with filigree sides, the top engraved "Capt. A. D. Payne / From / Col. Thos. Smith / N.M. 'Cactus'". Thomas Smith (1836-1918), son of Virginia Governor "Extra Billy" Smith, was commissioned as a major in the 36th Virginia Infantry on July 16, 1861. Wounded at Cloyd's Mountain, Virginia, Smith was promoted to full colonel in May 1864. After the Civil War, Smith served as the United States Attorney for New Mexico, then chief justice of New Mexico Territory.

Alexander Dixon Payne (1837-1893) entered William and Mary College in 1853 and was there three years. In 1857, he entered the University of Virginia and studied law; he was there one year. In 1861, he was made Lieutenant in the Black Horse Cavalry of Fauquier County, Virginia, which he commanded in 1863 and served with throughout the Civil War. He was captured in 1863, exchanged, and promoted to Captain. His horse was shot out from under him in 1864. On April 9, 1865 he saved his regimental colors from capture. After the war he practiced law. In 1880 he nominated General Hancock for President. Some wear near the ferrule else very fine.

Included are two images of Thomas Smith as follows: Carte de Visite showing Smith in Confederate uniform and ca. 1900 outdoor shot of Smith as an aging veteran.

Provenance: Payne Estate: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Spur of Lieutenant A. D. Payne of the Famed Black Horse Troop. A. D. Payne of Fauquier County, Virginia was sworn in as a lieutenant of the Black Horse Troop of the Confederate cavalry on May 18, 1861. This group of men was invaluable to the Army of Northern Virginia not only for the horsemanship and fighting skills but also for their knowledge of the local terrain. Payne would soon be promoted to captain and lead his men during the war. After the war, he was a successful lawyer and mayor of Warrenton, Virginia.

This single spur owned by Payne has seen much service; the rowel is somewhat rusted and approximately 60% of the original gilt has been worn away. It is of a very straightforward design with a short shaft that has a slight curve. This is a nice memento of a hard-charging cavalry officer from the famed Black Horse Troop.

Provenance: Payne Estate; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Confederate Courier Belt Worn by Inman Payne of Warrenton, Virginia. The cotton oilcloth belt is 29" x 5" and fitted with shoulder straps, string, and bone button fasteners. The belt is named in ink four times (inside and out) with "Inman H. Payne, Warrenton, Va." Inman was cousin to General William Henry Fitzhugh Payne of the 4th Virginia Cavalry, who appointed him Captain Commissary for Warrenton in 1862. The belt is accompanied by a handwritten note reading, "This Belt Father wore all during the Civil War. G. H. Payne. The son, G. H. Payne, served with Mosby's cavalry. Inman Payne, the original owner, was a member of the ubiquitous Payne family of Warrenton in Fauquier County, Virginia who served with the locally-raised Black Horse Troop. The unit was established in 1858 as a part of the Virginia Militia. Following John Brown's capture at Harper's Ferry, a detachment of the Black Horse escorted Brown to his execution. When Virginia seceded from the Union, the company was then called into regular service. At First Manassas in July 1861, the Black Horse caused widespread panic among the enemy on the retreat into Washington. On the day after the battle, Confederate President Jefferson Davis praised the Black Horse for their part in the Southern victory, particularly for the capture of 20 enemy cannons. After Manassas, the Black Horse served as bodyguards and escorts to General Joseph E. Johnston, commander of the Confederate Army. In their remaining war service, the Black Horse spent much of its time on detached duty serving as escorts for Stonewall Jackson, and on scouting and reconnaissance duties. The belt shows some wear, else fine.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Gold Watch Chain Belonging To Confederate General "Extra Billy" Smith, 15" overall length, pale gold, complete with hanger and key. Master craftsmanship befitting the personal jewelry of a gentleman is evident on every feature of this heavy chain. Filigree scrollwork decorates both sides of the hanger while each link of the chain is affixed with a tiny twist of metal resembling rope. In excellent condition.

William Smith (1797 - 1887) was a prominent Virginia politician from Fauquier County who became the Confederacy's oldest field general. He earned his unusual nickname during the Jackson Administration by manipulating postal routes so that they would generate extra revenue. During the Mexican War Smith was Virginia's governor and returned to that office in 1864 after resigning from Confederate service.

Provenance: William Smith; Frederick Waugh Smith, South Africa; F. W. Smith, granddaughter; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Coin Purse Belonging to Confederate General "Extra Billy" Smith's Wife, 3" x 2" x .75", ivory panels on front and back, applied silver elements on lid, lavender silk lining with four compartments. Scuffs to ivory, minor loss to one corner of silver decoration and fraying to interior fabric. Overall very good condition.
William Smith, Virginia lawyer, politician and future Confederate brigadier general, married Miss Amelia Bell of Culpeper shortly after being admitted to the Virginia bar in 1818.

Provenance: Mrs. William Smith; Frederick Waugh Smith, South Africa; F.W. Smith, granddaughter; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Johnston's Narratives- First Edition Book by Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston. Joseph Eggleston Johnston was born February 3, 1807. He graduated West Point in 1829 and was a career army officer serving in the Mexican War and Seminole Wars. He resigned his commission as a U.S. Army brigadier general, the highest-ranking officer to do so, and joined the Confederacy and was appointed a major general.

This 6" x 9¼" volume of Johnston's Narrative, fully titled Narrative of Military Operations, Directed, During the Late War Between the States, by Joseph E. Johnston, General, C.S.A., is a detailed and well-written account of General Johnston's actions during the war. Full of strategy and insight into the conduct of the war from a battlefield commander's first hand experiences, this is a fascinating book.

Published by D. Appleton and Company of New York in 1874, this volume has seen much use; it was once owned by A. D. Payne of the famed Black Horse Troop of the Confederacy as evidenced by the label "A. D. Payne" on the binding. There is also an inscription in ink on the frontispiece of the book as follows: "Robert E. S. Payne / From his father / April 20, 1874". The front cover has pulled loose, the back cover remaining attached loosely. There is some water damage throughout the book. Otherwise, the book is complete and is a historical piece once owned by a Confederate cavalryman.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Irish Brigade - 9th Massachusetts Infantry Bone Ring. Polished bone with painted decoration in fine condition. The top of the ring has been artfully incised "MS 9 Inf" and filled in with black paint. On either side of the top portion are nicely incised and painted federal shields. The ring is a small size. The 9th Massachusetts Infantry regiment saw extensive service during the war including Mechanicsville, Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and the Wilderness Campaign among others. The regiment lost 15 officers and 194 enlisted men to combat. The unit was the subject of noted Civil War artist Don Troiani's painting Brothers of Ireland depicting them in battle at Gaines Mill. Four days later, at Malvern Hill, Lieutenant John Tobin of this unit would be awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions.

16th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry Identification Ring. A unique silver ring inscribed "N. A. Adams Mason. Co. C. 16th N. H.V. 1862" around the outer edge. The ring is in fine condition with just the slightest wear at the raised areas. Nathan A. Adams, a resident of Mason, New Hampshire, enlisted on September 16, 1862 as a private. He mustered out on August 20, 1863 at Concord, New Hampshire.

26th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Soldier's Stencil. 2.75" x 1.25", metal, in fine condition. This personalized stencil is marked "C. O. Webster / 26th. Mass. Vol. / Co. I." Webster, a resident of Methuen, Massachusetts, and shoemaker by trade, enlisted in the Union army on September 20, 1861 and mustered out on October 17, 1864. Stencils such as these were likely intended for marking correspondence.

Soldier Art Bone Carving New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry. Carved bone, 2" x 1", in fine condition. This unique example of Civil War soldier's art bears the carved name "Calvin Andrews Co G. 16th Reg" on one side and "New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry" on the other. The piece is artfully decorated with stars and floral motifs. Some of the recessed areas have been lightly dyed green. Calvin Andrews was a resident of New Boston, New Hampshire and enlisted as a private on September 3, 1862. He mustered in to "G" Company of the 16th New Hampshire Volunteers on October 24, 1862 and mustered out on August 20, 1863 at Concord, New Hampshire.

Civil War Era Masonic Cross, 1.25" x 2", olive wood with applied silver devices and hanging loop. An "SEV" monogram and six Masonic symbols are placed on this otherwise conventional Christian cross. Included are the "All-Seeing Eye", a skull with crossed bones, and a serpent entwined around a cross. In excellent condition. Stories from the Civil War abound wherein two Masons from opposing armies befriend one another upon recognizing their common bond.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Hatchet with Identified Soldier Art Carved Handle. 12", with carved wooden handle "Albert H. Hill" above which is carved "Twelve Months More" with an idyllic carved scene of a mother and baby girl. Hill was obviously counting down the months of his enlistment until he could once again return home. Albert H. Hill served in the 4th and 7th Rhode Island Infantry and finally mustered out on June 9, 1865 and hopefully to his waiting wife and daughter. Fine condition.

Gold Pocket Watch Presented to President Franklin Pierce by Jefferson Davis. Jefferson Davis, the future president of the Confederacy, was a United States Senator when he was appointed secretary of war by President Franklin Pierce in 1853. Pierce had been nominated for president the same year Davis presented him this watch, Pierce being Davis's favored candidate since Pierce had not openly opposed slavery.

This watch is serial numbered 1006 with a secondary number of 1174. The 1 7/8" face has Roman numerals and a floral pattern in silver and gold around the rim with the glass intact and held in place by floral gold work. The watch opens at two places to reveal the movement and a second disk has a dedication that reads as follows: "Presented to Franklin Pierce by Jefferson Davis, March 1852". The maker is unknown, however this watch is in very good condition with no key, and is an historic item from before the Civil War.

Gutta Percha Locket With a Carved Eagle. This is a rare carved dark greenish gutta percha locket that dates from the Civil War. The locket has a finely carved eagle on the front standing on a cannon behind foliage. Behind the eagle are two flagstaffs. The interior of the locket has been carved out to accept two small portraits. The locket still opens and closes well. A small iron loop is affixed to the top of the locket and a black strand of ribbon has been threaded through the loop.

This is an attractive locket that surely held the portraits of a soldier and his loved ones during the war.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Silver Mitchell and Tyler Calling Card Case. Mitchell and Tyler of Richmond, Virginia was the leading jeweler before the Civil War and during the conflict as it manufactured thousands of high quality uniform accouterments for the new Confederate Army. This sterling silver calling card case was designed to hold what were the forerunners of the carte de visite photographs popularized during the war, calling cards that bore a photographic image of the individual. The more wealthy citizens of Richmond would purchase such calling cards along with their regularly engraved paper cards to give to important people.

This card case measures 2½" x 3½" and is highly engraved. On the front is a lake scene with a fortress on an island and a sailing ship. There is horizontal striping engraved on the front and back with the reverse having a scroll device at the center. The hinged lid works perfectly and seals tightly. The Mitchell and Tyler hallmark cartouche is inside the rim of the case where the lid closes.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Engraved Ladies' Silver Sash Buckle. 65 x 91 mm, ca. 1850s-1860s. The style of this imported English product hearkens back to the early 19th century; however, it is marked "Sterling" and, as such, likely dates to mid-century. The face is engraved with floral designs while the owner's name, "R E Payne", whose husband rode with Mosby, appears on the underside. This buckle is from the Payne Family of Warrenton, Virginia. Lightly tarnished, else excellent condition.

Provenance: The Payne Family; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Virginia Rangers 1863-1865 Walking Stick. 32.5", the antler handle is etched with "VIRGINIA RANGERS 1863-1865", a nickel-silver band is engraved "Dr. John Dunn, Richmond, Va". The Virginia State Rangers were authorized by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on March 27, 1862. The rangers primarily operated in what is now the state of West Virginia. Their fundamental mission was to operate in small detachments behind Federal lines to counter Federal scouting parties and foragers. When the rangers were in proximity to regular Confederate units, they were to subject themselves to their commanding officer. Missing the ferrule; otherwise, very fine.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Cased Epaulets and Personal Effects Belonging to Captain George Greenman, Connecticut 31st Infantry. An excellent group of effects belonging to George Greenman, a native of Norwich, Connecticut who enlisted on August 11, 1862 as a private, mustering into "C" Company of the Connecticut 18th Infantry. Greenman was captured during the Second Battle of Winchester on June 15, 1863. He was paroled July 14, 1863 and returned to his regiment. He was discharged for promotion on April 7, 1864 and commissioned a 1st lieutenant in "B" Company of the 31st Connecticut Infantry. He achieved the rank of captain on January 31, 1865.

Included in this wonderfully documented group is a beautiful cased pair of 2nd lieutenant's epaulets. These epaulets are a fine combination of silver crescents with beautiful gold bullion wire fringe with the correct 16mm eagle buttons. The epaulets are in extraordinary condition with no tarnish to the bullion, a beautiful patina to the silver, and with only a single small dent to the crescent on the right epaulet. The epaulets are in their original oval japanned tin box with hinged lid. The japanning is worn but the box is free from major dents. The male portion of the closing device is missing, else it is in very good condition.

Additionally, Greenman's bone handle straight razor, horn handle fork and corkscrew combination, walnut snuff box with "GG" initials on a decorative metal inlay on the lid, and his bone handle folding spoon with "Lt. George Greenman 31st Reg't Co B U.S.C.I." on the bolster. All these items are in very good condition.

Pewter Mug Inscribed to Captain Grayson 8th Virginia- Killed At Gettysburg. Captain Alexander Grayson of the 8th Virginia Infantry, the "Bloody Eighth" as it came to be known, especially after Gettysburg where it sustained 90% casualties.

On July 3, 1863, the 8th Virginia Infantry was with Brigadier General Richard Garnett's Brigade at the fateful assault known as Pickett's Charge. Captain Grayson was killed that day along with General Garnett. Young Grayson was the nephew of General H. F. Clarke (see lot 74447) who, following the captain's death at Gettysburg, had his body transported to the Grayson Plantation (now the Mellon Estate) in Fauquier County, Virginia under a flag of truce for internment. His mother, General Clarkes's sister, removed this cup from his casket before being lowered to his rest.

This pewter mug is engraved "Capt. Grayson 8th Va." under the bottom rim in period script. It shows considerable wear having been carried at Gettysburg. It is 4" in height with a 3¼" diameter top. The scrolled handle makes this an attractive piece as well as an historical one.

Provenance: The Grayson and Clarke families; The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Pewter Tankard of Confederate General Thomas Rosser. One of the few men that ever defeated Custer (at Buckland Mills during the Civil War), Thomas Rosser received this pewter tankard as a wedding gift. Measuring 10" tall, this massive tankard is made of pewter and bears the hallmark of Smith and Feltman of Albany, New York. With its large curved handle, this sturdy tankard must have been a cherished possession of the Confederate general who went on to become a brigadier general in the army during the Spanish-American War.

Confederate Coin Silver Cup With "CSA" Engraving. This simply-styled, coin silver drinking cup was owned by Confederate General William Mahone. At 2" in diameter it was probably used for brandy or perhaps even whiskey. It is engraved on the front of the cup "CSA" in Old English script surrounded by scrollwork. The central cup tapers down to a ½" stem attached to a 1½" beaded disk. The cup is finished in a 2" square base. Although there are no hallmarks, it was likely made in Richmond, Virginia. This is an opportunity to own a personal object owned by one of the Confederacy's greatest heroes.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Large Southern Coin Silver Ladle made by Richmond, Virginia silversmiths Mitchell & Tyler (1845-1866, 13" long. The handle of this lovely ladle is engraved with a script initial "B". The ladle has a scratch on the inside of the bowl else extremely fine.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Officer's Mahogany Box. Many officers, especially general officers, traveled as well-outfitted as they could within reason. This light mahogany box was used during the Civil War. Measuring 21" x 14" x 8", it is complete with its period scrollwork brass hardware including the handles and front plate fitted for a key which has been lost.

The box still retains its restraining lever inside but will not close completely and has an approximately ½" gap before closing.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Civil War Camp Chair From Captain, Later Lieutenant Colonel, Samuel A. Moore- Gettysburg. This painted red oak camp chair was the property of Captain Samuel A. Moore who fought at Bliss Farmhouse and Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg. Moore was lieutenant colonel of the 14th Connecticut Infantry after it was attached to the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Army Corps. During this period of service Moore led his unit at the Battle of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the assault and fall of Petersburg, and Sailor's Creek. He also was at the surrender of General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House.

At 30" tall at the top of the ladder back, this camp chair has its blue-striped jean cloth seat, is 16" deep and folds into itself for easy carrying. Painted in period gold letters at the top of the chair back is "14th. C. V. 3rd Brig." Moore's initials of "S.A.M." are also painted at that location. The chair is in excellent condition and is very functional and historic, owned by an officer who served at Gettysburg and led his regiment throughout the rest of the Civil War.

Civil War Era Surgeon's Field Amputation Kit in a mahogany case with the corners bound in brass. Containing a tourniquet, bone forceps, needle pack, amputation saw, and lifting-back metacarpal saw, both with ebony handles, the instruments sit nicely in a fitted velvet lined case. No markings identify the maker of the instruments. The lock is intact, but the brass covering for the keyhole and the brass inlay on the top are missing. Dimensions 16.25" x 5 " x 2.75 " deep.

Rose Civil War Amputation Kit. This is a rare Civil War era amputation kit from the Rose Company of New York City. In its original mahogany box, three of the originally five pieces of this set survive including the scalpel, tourniquet, and surgical saw.

The Rose Company operated on Williams Street in New York City until the mid-1800s making high-quality surgical instruments such as these. Housed in their original wood box, these objects have seen much use with the saw being rusted at the top. The ebony cross-hatched handles of each item are in very good condition. The brass and cloth tourniquet are in good condition as well.

The box for this surgeon's kit has some damage at the top and on the sides, but otherwise is in good condition having its original clasp hook locks at the front.

Elaborate Tiemann's Surgeon's Field Kit From the Civil War. This field surgeon's kit dating to the Civil War is nearly complete at 24 pieces. Manufactured by the Tiemann Company of New York City, the premier maker of surgical instruments, this rosewood-boxed surgeon's kit would have been used to perform surgery at battlefield hospitals.

The implements included here are a saw, a complete set of scalpels, retractors, and clamps housed in the attractive velvet-lined box that includes three compartments. The maker's sticker of "G. Tiemann & Co., Manufacturers of Surgical Instruments, 67 Chatham St. N.Y." is on the upper lid inside the box. This box has an aged crackling of the wood at the top and actually has the original key which locks the box. This is a fine example of a Civil War era surgeon's kit that is nearly complete, a rare find in this area of collecting.

A 14-Piece Truax Field Surgeon's Kit This field surgeon's kit dates to the Civil War and includes 14 pieces of surgical instruments including the surgical saw and manual drill. Cased in a mahogany box, this kit is lined with brown velvet and has hook clasps in front.

The instruments in this set are by several makers including Truax and Charles Euhaus. The pieces show considerable use as does the case which has a brass medallion inset into the top of the box.

This is a surgeon's field kit that is a good example of what a battlefield doctor used during the Civil War.

Civil War Physician's Medical Saddle Bag identified as belonging to A. P. McDaniel captain of Co. "A" of the North Carolina 53rd Infantry. Larger than a standard issue pocket instrument case, this leather medical bag was the personal kit of Dr. A. P. McDaniel who enlisted April 30th, 1862 as the first captain of company "A" at the age of 42. During his time as captain, the 53rd became a part of the Army of Northern Virginia or Daniel's Brigade after Brigadier General Junius Daniel. They fought along side of the Second Corp in as many as twenty engagements that took them from Fredericksburg to Appomatox. It was three months after his infantry was engaged in the battle of Gettysburg that McDaniel resigned his commission. The reason for his resignation in September of 1863 is not clear, but records indicate that he left due to a disability.

Rolled in this leather case are the implements of a physician. Forceps and blades are accompanied by a number of interesting instruments totaling twenty pieces in all, many marked with the manufacturer's name. The instruments are held to the leather case with a strap laced through loops laid against the soft leather backing. Soft flaps lay over the instruments when opened and flat. The inside of the bag has moth holes and staining as expected and the instruments do show signs of age and rusting. When rolled closed, the leather outside shows a nice patina, but extensive wear reflects the urgency of its use in coming to the aid of the wounded. It is easy to imagine the battlefield doctor untying and opening this kit over and over.

Set of Bone and Ebony Dominoes, Circa 1860. This complete set of 42 Civil War era dominoes is made of ebony and bone using a three rivet metal fastening system. They are sturdy and still very much could be used today. These dominoes surely eased the boredom of camp life when Civil War troops were not drilling or fighting. Measuring approximately 1" x 2" each, they come complete with a period tongue and groove pine box that measures 7½" long.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Cloth-Backed Paper Game Board with Patriotic Songs. 11.75" square, published by S.D. Hayden, 33 Devonshire Street, Boston. The reverse has several paper appliqués including two songs ("A Song for Captain and Soldiers, 1861" and "Address to the United States Soldiers 1861"), a United States flag, and a moralistic tract "Why Should any Man Swear?" The board side has tears in the paper along the folds, else fine.

Rare Metal and Wood Civil War Drum. Most Civil War drums were made almost entirely of wood. This rare example has a brass shell with wood rims and rope tension devices. The brass has so darkened over time that unless one examines the drum carefully, it has the appearance of being made from wood.

At 12¼" in height and nearly 16" in diameter, this drum has its original rawhide snares and leather tighteners intact. Both original drumheads are cracked and torn and the wood rims show aging of their red paint. This drum has seen much field use and is an attractive display piece.

Late 19th Century Hand-Made Drum. This wooden drum is a nice display piece with tension ropes and tacked sides. The heads have come loose from the shell of the drum, and there is a 6" tear along the edge of the top head. The snares are intact along the bottom head. The drum comes in a custom-made wooden box with a pair of mahogany drumsticks that are of 20th century construction.

Civil War Bugle Made by Draper Brothers, Boston. A brass, single-twist bugle, 16" long, with a 5.5" in diameter bell, maker marked "Draper Brothers/ Boston", in good condition. The brass garland around the bell appears to be missing, and the body has several dings and dents commensurate with hard usage, else it is in good condition. This style of bugle is the most common type of the Civil War. Draper & Brothers, Boston received an army contract on July 3, 1861 to provide 400 bugles; this may well be an example from that contract.

Rare Confederate Horse Bit With "C" Rosettes. This 5" horse bit bears the rare brass rosette "C" device at each end of the bit. The 2" brass rosettes, along with the rest of this bit, have seen considerable wear. Some of the leather bridle is still intact and is attached to the bit. This is a heavy-duty warhorse bit made of iron that shows heavy wear as well.

This particular bit and bridle were made for an enlisted cavalryman, since the curb chain in front of the bit is made of leather with an iron chain. Additionally, the single rein bridle indicates that this was an enlisted man's bit and bridle as does the curb bit.

This is known as the J.E.B. Stuart style of Cavalry bridle and bits. These "C" rossetes have been discovered at Stuart and Hampton campsites, however this is the only fully intact Cavalry "C" set in existence!

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Civil War Era Wallet From Virginia with Confederate Currency. This tarred canvas money pouch, 7.25" x 4", conveys optimism with labeled compartments for one, five, ten, twenty, fifty, and one hundred dollar bills. The contents, however, are somewhat more modest, being $115 divided between three Confederate notes. These include the $100 bill featuring Lucy Pickens, the $10 bill showing horse artillery, and a $5 bill dominated by the Confederate capitol building in Richmond. The Pickens note has some aging and is in fine condition. The smaller denomination notes are in extremely fine condition. From an old estate near Rectors Crossroads, Virginia.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Lot of Seven Relics from Custer Battlefield with a Signed, Inscribed Copy of Curse Not His Curls by Robert J. Ege. The relics include: three spent lead bullets, two brass cartridges, and two brass fasteners. The inscription in the book refers to the other items in this lot, "Believe me! The relics enclosed are true Custer battlefield pieces. They are extremely rare." Although all the relics are dug, they are very fine.

Lincoln Style Beaver Stovepipe Top Hat with Leather Travel Case and Glasses. The hat stands 7.75" high and the travel case 10.5" high. The hat is missing the lining and sweatband. Both the hat and leather case show considerable wear.

Early Photographic Flash Pistol with Gutta Percha grips and trigger mechanism. A brass bowl was filled with magnesium powder and when fired a cap ignited the magnesium making a flash while a picture was snapped. The gun-like shape is marked "PAT. PD'G", and the maker inscribed "Chelsea" on the lid of the bowl. Measuring approximately 7" from butt to bowl, the pistol is in working condition. A small dent can be found in the closure. All that is needed is the right amount of chemical placed in the bowl.

Gettysburg Collection of Engineer A. J. Zabriskie, New York Board of Gettysburg Monuments Commissioners. Includes: the workbook Zabriskie used on his 1892 and 1894 visits to the battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga with notes regarding the placement of monuments to the 44th, 134th, and 136th New York regiments and Geary's Division; drop bullets; fired bullets; canister balls; half a spherical artillery shell; bottom portion Union Schenkl shell; brass Enfield rifle front cap; musket wrench; broken bronze bayonet from a monument; horse shoe; broken sword blade; pistol barrel; knap sack hook; lead artillery fuse cap; bullet worm; iron cannonball fuse cap; two Gettysburg medals; two civil engineer badges owned by Zabriskie; and his printing block (50+ items). The collection comes with a letter of provenance. An interesting group in a tin document box.

Sterling Silver One-Pound Disk of the Great Seal of the Confederacy. This solid sterling silver one-pound disk has been struck with the impression of the Great Seal of the Confederate States of America. Produced in the United Kingdom, the production of these striking medallions was limited to 5,000. This seal is marked "3/5,000" and bears the appropriate hallmarks for sterling silver and was manufactured in the late 1900s.

The Great Seal of the Confederate States of America was originally engraved by Joseph F. Wydon of London, England with the seal reaching the Confederacy only in 1864. This disk is identical in size, almost 4" in diameter, and in engraving to that original seal which is housed at the Museum of the Confederacy at Richmond. Displaying the words "The Confederate States of America : 22 February 1861" (a commemoration of the inauguration of President Jefferson Davis) above the words "De Vindice", Latin for "God Will Vindicate", the mottos are separated by two stars at the five and seven o'clock positions of the disk. Centered in the seal is the figure of George Washington on horseback enclosed by a wreath designed to symbolize the principal products of the Confederacy, including cotton.

On the front of the 5¾" x 7¼" wooden case, in which the sterling silver seal is enclosed, there is an elaborate engraving of the statue of George Washington used as the centerpiece of the seal itself. The statue stands at Capitol Square in the city of Richmond today. Two angels blowing trumpets are at the corners of the top with two eagles at the bottom corners of the lid of the box. Centered between the eagles is an engraved shield. The interior of the box is lined with red velvet.

This box was owned by a descendent of Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell and is in almost perfect condition.

Gold Plated Great Seal of the Confederate States of America. This seal measures approximately 3½" in diameter and is in excellent condition. Enclosed in its brown leather case with light green velvet lining, the seal is covered by a circular disk of glass surrounded by a metal ring that has protected this piece allowing it to stay in pristine condition.

The Great Seal of the Confederate States of America was originally engraved by Joseph F. Wydon of London, England with the seal reaching the Confederacy in 1864. The original die is still in the Confederate Blockade runner port of Hamilton, Bermuda.

This is a post-Civil War stamping of the Great Seal done as a memento of the Confederacy. With the words "The Confederate States of America : 22 February 1861" (a commemoration of the inauguration of President Jefferson Davis) above the words "De Vindice", Latin for "God Will Vindicate", the mottos are separated by two stars at the five and seven o'clock positions of the disk. Centered in the seal is the figure of George Washington on horseback, enclosed by a wreath designed to symbolize the principal products of the Confederacy, including cotton. Absolutely superb.

Provenance: The Tharpe Collection of American Military History

Exhibited: The Liberty Heritage Society Museum

Pre-War Ambrotype of Confederate Surgeeon Dr. Samuel H. Caldwell, of General Forrest's Command. Dr. Samuel Houston Caldwell had just graduated from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia when this 1/4th plate ambrotype was taken. He and his wife Mary were wed just two years later. He then joined the Confederate Army as a battlefield surgeon and major with the 46th Tennessee Infantry. Caldwell was captured at Island Number 10 in 1862 but later paroled as medical officers were generally released at that stage of the war. He made his way back to his home in Paris, Tennessee. It was there that he joined the 16th Tennessee Cavalry, later known as the 21st Tennessee Cavalry. It was through that unit that he became forever associated with the famous Confederate cavalryman General Nathan Bedford Forrest. Caldwell would serve the remainder of the war as Forrest's battlefield surgeon, making his way across the South seeing the results of much action at his field hospital. After the war, Caldwell remained active in Confederate Veterans organizations, especially the United Confederate Veterans, attending reunions all over the South.

This 1/4th plate ambrotype is in very good condition with some lines on the lower coat and the white areas while the face is pristine. Caldwell is pictured in a three-piece suit and is wearing a heavy gold watch chain and fob in his vest. The picture is in a bright oval frame which retains 90% of its gilt. The light brown leather case with a tooled floral pattern front and back is in excellent condition as well. This is a fabulous photograph and accompanying case that depicts a man who rose to being a Confederate surgeon and major with the famed General Nathan Bedford Forrest.

Confederate Surgeon Samuel Houston Caldwell Carte de Visite. Caldwell was born in Henry County, Tennessee on December 10, 1836, the son of Colonel Robert D. Caldwell, a wealthy tobacco farmer who had settled in Henry County. In 1855, Samuel graduated from Cumberland University and in 1858, from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. He was a medical doctor at Paris, Tennessee when the Civil War broke out. While at first enlisting with the 46th Tennessee Infantry, after his capture at Island Number 10, he served the remainder of the war as battlefield surgeon to the famed Confederate cavalryman General Nathan Bedford Forrest.

This carte de visite of Dr. Caldwell, the only one known to exist, shows him wearing the uniform of a Confederate major with the black detailing of the Confederate medical corps on the cuffs and collar of his frock coat. On the reverse of the photograph written in pencil is "Dr. S. H. Caldwell". Underneath is written in pen: "(1836-1917), Surgeon, 46th Infantry Regiment of Tennessee". This is an outstanding photograph of an important Confederate surgeon to the famed cavalier, General Nathan Bedford Forrest.

Post-War Photograph of Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell. Caldwell was commissioned a major and surgeon in the Confederate Army in November 1861, and served the Confederacy, was captured at Island Number 10, and reenlisted to serve with General Nathan Bedford Forrest's cavalry. After the war, he returned to Paris, Tennessee and continued his medical practice.

Active in politics, but more so in the activities of the United Confederate Veterans organization, he lived at Paris until his death in 1917. This 2½" x 4" carte de visite of Caldwell is in very good condition and was taken in the late 1800s. Beneath the image are the words "Bingham Bros., Memphis, Tenn." "Dr. Sam. H. Caldwell, Paris, Tenn." has been written in ink on the reverse.

Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell's Silk Vest From the Civil War. Samuel Houston Caldwell served throughout the Civil War as a battlefield surgeon, first with the 46th Tennessee Infantry until his capture at Island Number 10, and then with the great cavalry leader General Nathan Bedford Forrest.This silk vest was worn by him and can be seen in an ambrotype of him at the start of the war. Made of fine black silk with a cotton back, it has a watch pocket on the upper right and two vest pockets, one on each side. The vest is in excellent condition because it has been preserved by Caldwell's descendants before making its way to this sale.

Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell's "Southern Cross of Honor". The Confederate "Southern Cross of Honor" was designed by Mary Ann Erwin of Georgia, a member of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, in 1898 during a Confederate Veterans' reunion at Atlanta, Georgia as a way of honoring the Confederate veterans. This "Southern Cross of Honor" was owned by Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell, a battlefield surgeon for famed Confederate cavalry leader General Nathan Bedford Forrest.

Manufactured by Charles W. Crankshaw of Atlanta, wearing of the crosses was limited to only Confederate veterans to whom the United Daughters of the Confederacy presented them. As inscribed on the top pin-back device of this two-piece medal, this cross belonged to "S. H. Caldwell", the Confederate surgeon.

The lower "Maltese Cross" secured to the upper bar by a single loop has the words "Deo Vindice", the Latin for "God our Vindicator" and the words "Southern Cross Of Honor" at the four stations of the cross. The back of the medal shows a Confederate battle flag surrounded by the words "United Daughters of the Confederacy to the UCV" referring to the the United Confederate Veterans. Surgeon Caldwell undoubtedly wore this medal as a symbol of pride as he was very active in the United Confederate Veterans organization after the war.

Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell's Forrest Cavalry Corps Commemorative Badge. Dr. Samuel Houston Caldwell, Confederate surgeon to General Nathan Bedford Forrest, was an active member of the United Confederate Veterans after the Civil War. He remained a proud member of the Forrest Cavalry Corps organization and wore this badge of membership until his death in 1917.

Manufactured by Shwaab of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the three-piece badge has an upper pin device with a "member" bar flanked by two Confederate flags, the battle flag, and the Third National flag. At the center top is a likeness of Robert E. Lee. At the center of the badge linked by two loops is a shield with the words "Forrest Cavalry Corps". The bottom medallion is connected by chains and is of a silver likeness of "General N. B. Forrest". On the reverse of the medallion is an image of the Third National Confederate flag. This Forrest Cavalry Corps badge owned by General Forrest's battlefield surgeon is very rare.

Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell's Confederate Lapel Button. Samuel Houston Caldwell was a Confederate to the end of his days. The former battlefield surgeon to General Nathan Bedford Forrest, Caldwell attended all the Confederate reunions, before the organization of the United Confederate Veterans organization in 1889, and after.

This ½" x ½" high-quality Confederate battle flag lapel button is made of gold, red, and blue enamel in the workings of the battle flag. It is made with a screw-on button back; a tack protrudes from the back of the pin to secure the pin from turning while on the lapel.

This is a memento of a die-hard Confederate surgeon who rode with General Forrest.

Personal Bag of Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell. This is an amazingly well preserved medical and/or personal bag owned by Caldwell, who was a battlefield surgeon for Confederate cavalryman General Nathan Bedford Forrest during the Civil War. The bag is made of woven wool cloth and, though the word ended up having a negative connotation in the South, should properly be called a carpet bag.

Confederate Surgeon Samuel Caldwell took many personal items with him to war as he traveled with General Forrest's cavalry. This is one that survived the war, a rarity in itself. The historical importance of this item has been made even more significant due to its association with the Confederate surgeon who served with General Forrest.

Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell's Medical Diploma and Battlefield Medical Items. This 1858 medical diploma from the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia awarded to Samuel Houston Caldwell measures 24¾" x 21½" and is printed in elaborate Latin script. With Caldwell's name written in calligraphy and the degree specified in Latin, this is a striking medical diploma of the doctor who would become the battlefield surgeon to Confederate cavalryman General Nathan Bedford Forrest.

Signed by the officers of the college, the ink on the diploma is still very dark, the parchment sturdy with some light foxing toward the middle of the diploma. The light blue silk ribbon with the attached seal of the college is still affixed to the bottom of the diploma making this an attractive presentation piece of a historical figure from the Civil War. Confederate Surgeon Caldwell took his medical office with him to the battlefield as best he could. Riding with General Forrest's command necessitated an abbreviated assortment of medical accouterments. These battlefield scales still have their weighing pans, string and four assorted square weights intact along with its 5" tin container.

An amazing leather cased field drug kit, fitted for twenty vials of medicines for use on the battlefield, has been remarkably preserved with nine of its original glass vials, some containing powders of different colors. Each sleeve for the vials is named for the particular medicine such as aloe, opium or antimony. Measuring 6" when closed but opening to 10" when the medicines are exposed, the leather strap of the kit has been repaired, but otherwise the kit is in excellent overall condition.

Taken to war with Dr. Caldwell was this tin eyeglass case and gutta percha mirror. Measuring 4¾" across, the tin case is accompanied by this 3½" x 6" gutta percha oval mirror which is missing its base into which the slotted end of the mirror would slide.

Dr. Caldwell remained active after the war in political circles and attended most of the meetings of the United Confederate Veterans. Governor Benton McMillin appointed Dr. Caldwell to the American Congress of Tuberculosis in 1901 as evidenced by this certificate awarded to Dr. Caldwell. Measuring 11½" x 18", the certificate bears three fold marks, a gold Tennessee state seal, and is signed by Governor McMillin.

Also included with this archive is Dr. Caldwell's personal wallet containing receipts for monies owed to him in his practice at Paris, Tennessee. Dated from 1874 and later, they fit into the four inner compartments of the 8" wide wallet with its intact leather strap. These items are historical reminders of the Confederate Surgeon to General Forrest who survived the war and returned to private practice in Tennessee.

Two Walking Sticks Owned by Confederate Captain Anthony Wayne Caldwell - Killed at the Battle of Atlanta. Captain Anthony Wayne Caldwell enlisted with Company "B" of the 5th Tennessee Infantry at Paris, Tennessee at the start of the Civil War, joining the service of the Confederacy as did his three brothers. Only his brother, Confederate Surgeon Samuel Houston Caldwell, would survive the war. Captain Anthony Wayne Caldwell would die of wounds he received at the Battle of Atlanta in July 1864.

These two walking sticks were owned by Captain Caldwell and left at home back in Paris, Tennessee. The first was made at the Tennessee State Penitentiary by the inmates of that institution. The warden of the facility was a friend of the Caldwell family. It is of an unusual, almost folk art design as it is made of tightly-wound leather washers fitted around a central iron rod. At 34" in length it includes a 1½" brass tip at the end. With a rounded knob as a handle, it is very sturdy and quite useable today.

The second walking stick is a thinner stick made of wood and at 36½" is somewhat longer than the first with a 1" brass tip. The handle is made of gold fitted to the wood and is engraved in an ornate foliate design and measures 1¼". These two walking sticks are personal artifacts owned by a brave Confederate captain who never made it home from the war.

Lookout Mountain Souvenir Walking Cane With a Unique Viewer Inside. Dr. Samuel Houston Caldwell, the Confederate Major and Battlefield Surgeon to Cavalry legend General Nathan Bedford Forrest, obtained this unique souvenir walking cane at the United Confederate Veteran's reunion at Lookout Mountain. It has a peephole with an image of the mountain inside.

Dr. Samuel H. Caldwell's Cane.This walking cane was owned by the Confederate Surgeon to General Nathan Bedford Forrest. The handle is made in the shape of an alligator and the name "S. H. Caldwell" is carved into the upper side of the cane.

Receipt for Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell's Uniform. Caldwell, of Paris, Tennessee, was commissioned a surgeon in the 46th Tennessee Infantry of the Confederate Army in November 1861. He served with the unit at Island Number 10 in April 1862. As shown in this receipt, dated March 11, 1862, he had a custom-made gray frock coat made in Memphis, Tennessee before he left. This receipt is made out to "Dr. Caldwell" and indicates that the gray cloth coat was "bought of J. C. McAllister, Manufacturer of Shirts and Military Clothing in Memphis". The receipt is in the amount of $60.

Caldwell was captured at Island Number 10, paroled to Port Hudson, Louisiana. He ultimately traveled back to Paris, Tennessee where he reenlisted, this time serving as a battlefield surgeon to Confederate Cavalryman General Nathan Bedford Forrest. This is a rare receipt from the Civil War period.

Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel H. Caldwell's Door Lock. An elaborate locking iron mechanism with the initials "SHC". Caldwell. the surgeon to General Nathan Bedford Forrest, returned to his medical practice at Paris, Tennessee, and lived there for the rest of his life. He built an elaborate Victorian home that included this ornamental lock for his front door.

This heavy two-piece locking mechanism measures approximately 3" x 5" and is decorated with scroll work. It retains traces of the original gilt where the 1" monogram of Dr. Caldwell has been cast just above the keyhole. The elaborate "SHC" letters are superimposed over each other and enclosed in a circle. This is a great memento, suitable for use today, from the home of a Confederate Surgeon to the famed cavalryman General Nathan Bedford Forrest.

Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell- Albumen Photograph of his Home and Family at Paris, Tennessee. This photo measures 9½" x 7" and shows Dr. Caldwell sitting on his porch with his wife Mary standing beside him. At the left of the front door of the elaborate Victorian home are his two daughters Alice and Dule Caldwell. At the far left is a black servant sitting on a horse. Taken about 1885, it gives evidence of the Confederate surgeon's life after the war. There is some light spotting at the center which does not affect the picture quality. Unfortunately, this fine home was demolished in 1937. A heavy lock with Dr. Caldwell's initials has survived and is offered in this sale as Lot 74273.

Cased Ambrotype of Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell's Wife Mary- Carried By Him Throughout the War. This 1/9th plate ambrotype of Mary Thompson Caldwell was carried in this elaborate leather case by Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell throughout the Civil War. Caldwell rode with the famed Confederate cavalryman General Nathan Bedford Forrest and wrote many letters home to his beloved wife back in Paris, Tennessee.

A copy of a Tiptonville newspaper concerning his letters is included with this ambrotype. In the letters he writes about the siege at Island Number 10 on the Mississippi. He also tells of camp life and of how homesick he is for Paris, Tennessee and his wife and of how he cannot take leave until "they have this fight at New Madrid" referring to a nearby town where the Confederates would eventually fight before retreating to Island Number 10 where they were captured. He misses his wife so much that, in one of his letters published in the newspaper, he writes that if it were not for his wife to come home to, "I would not care much if one of Abe's balls did get me".

This photograph survived the war as did Caldwell who returned to his home to build a family and a medical practice. He remained active in Confederate reunion groups, collecting mementoes from the war and elaborate reunion medals and printed programs of the events. This cased photograph of his wife was one of his most treasured possessions. It is in excellent condition with its leather case that folds out to reveal the well-protected photograph, complete with its functional metal clasp.

Fascinating Half-Plate Daguerreotype of Confederate Colonel James F. Caldwell and his Brother, Lieutenant Robert D. Caldwell, Jr. Four sons of Colonel Robert D. Caldwell of Paris, Tennessee went to war in 1861. Only one, Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell survived it. According to Goodspeed's Biography of Henry County Tennessee, the father of the young men owned much land in the state of Texas where two of his sons, James F. Caldwell and Robert D. Caldwell, had gone to settle. When war came in 1861 the young men joined the Confederate Army; the elder James F. Caldwell joining the Polignac Texas Brigade, the younger Robert D. Caldwell, Jr. signing up with the 9th Regiment of Mississippi Cavalry.

Shown in this half-plate daguerreotype are Robert D. Caldwell at left, later a lieutenant in the 9th Mississippi Cavalry and his older brother James F. Caldwell who would rise to rank of colonel of Polignac's Brigade in Texas led by Prince Camille Polignac a French-born Confederate general. This photograph was taken at the start of the war at Waco, Texas and dramatically shows each man dressed in battle shirts and armed with revolvers and side knives.

Robert D. Caldwell (1842-1865) became ill while fighting with the 9th Mississippi Cavalry and was taken back home to Paris, Tennessee where he later died, but not before being commissioned a lieutenant. Colonel James F. Caldwell, 1834-1865, was made chief of commissary for General Polignac and fought through the war until falling ill himself at the end of the war and dying of disease contracted through the protracted campaigns in Louisiana.

One of their brothers had already fallen in battle. Captain Anthony Wayne Caldwell of the 5th Tennessee Infantry had been wounded in the hand at the Battle of Atlanta. In what was a common occurrence during the Civil War, Captain Caldwell's wounds would have not been fatal but not for the infection that set in days later. As noted in Confederate Lieutenant Edwin Rennolds' book, A History of the Henry County Commands, published after the war, fever set in his wounds and he died soon thereafter. Rennolds also recounts the deaths of James F. and Robert D. Caldwell, the subjects of this dynamic photograph we have here.

The Tennessee State Historical Commission has a letter from Captain Anthony Wayne Caldwell to his father dated July 14, 1863, a year before his death at Atlanta where he mentions all three brothers, including Robert's promotion and James' service in the commissary of a brigade. Brother Samuel, the Confederate surgeon is mentioned as well.

The surviving son of Colonel Robert D. Caldwell, Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell would return to Paris, Tennessee and be well known as Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest's battlefield surgeon.

This large half-plate daguerreotype is an exciting image by itself. Coupled with the history of the soldiers and their family, it is an historic piece as well. In good condition with some spotting, it is in its glass-covered frame with only half the leather case intact.

Ambrotype of Captain Anthony Wayne Caldwell, 5th Tennessee Infantry - Killed at Atlanta. Captain Anthony Wayne Caldwell was son of Colonel Robert D. Caldwell who sent four sons off to the Civil War from Paris, Tennessee. Anthony Wayne, known as "A. W." Caldwell was commissioned Captain of the 5th Tennessee Infantry, Company "B" that was raised at Paris, Henry County, Tennessee. A. W. Caldwell fought at Island Number 10 with his brother, Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell, who was taken prisoner. Major Caldwell was later paroled and served with the great cavalry leader Nathan Bedford Forrest. Captain A. W. Caldwell continued his service with the 5th Tennessee, later to be consolidated with the 4th Tennessee fighting at Shiloh, Perryville, Murfreesboro, and Chickamauga.

The Tennessee Historical Commission holds a letter from the battlefield that Captain Caldwell wrote to his father back in Tennessee. Dated July 14, 1863 he writes of the hardships of war, about his brothers, one a colonel with General Polignac's Brigade of Texans, another just offered a lieutenancy with the 9th Mississippi while the other, Surgeon Major Caldwell served with Forrest's cavalry. He writes that he has heard of General John Hunt Morgan's raids through Kentucky and of the recent events at Gettysburg with General Lee.

Almost one year to the day later, Captain Caldwell would be at the Battle of Atlanta, and it would be his last. As Lieutenant Edwin Rennolds of Company K of the 5th Tennessee would write in his History of the Henry County Commands after the war:

"Captain A. W. Caldwell was acting as Major of the Fourth and Fifth, and, as he saw the ranks of the Fifth opening towards the left and away from the colors, gave his last command, 'Right oblique', with his peculiar accent on the last syllable. Just then he was struck in the hand by a ball and given a wound not considered dangerous, but, complicated with fever, in a few days ended the career of the "boy captain", one of our best officers."

Indeed, of the four sons Colonel Caldwell saw leave Paris, Tennessee during the Civil War, only one, Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell would live through the war. While Captain A. W. Caldwell would die of his wounds suffered at the Battle of Atlanta, his brothers Lieutenant Robert D. Caldwell, Jr. and Colonel James F. Caldwell would both die of disease contracted during the war.

This ambrotype of the gallant Captain is a rare memento from the fighting Caldwell brothers of Paris, Tennessee. He was the only brother killed in action although only one survived the war, all a grim reminder of the price paid by Southern families during the Civil War.

Dr. E. T. "Thomas" Taliaferro, Confederate Surgeon of the 46th Tennessee Infantry Carte de Visite. Dr. Taliaferro was a surgeon at Paris, Tennessee in Henry County at the outbreak of the Civil War. A friend and colleague of Dr. Samuel Houston Caldwell who would join the 46th Tennessee Infantry before serving with General Nathan Bedford Forrest, Dr. Taliaferro (pronounced "Tollifer") joined the 46th as well, serving as assistant surgeon under Surgeon, now Major, Samuel Houston Caldwell.

This 2 ¼" x 4" image of Taliaffero was made at Waco, Texas just after the war. There is a backmark of "Jackson & Knight, Photographers, Waco, Texas".

One source for the history of the units from Henry County, Tennessee where Doctor Taliaferro and Caldwell enlisted is the hardbound book A History of the Henry County Commands Which Served in the Confederate States Army... With Portraits written by Lieutenant Edwin H. Rennolds, himself a soldier with the 5th Tennessee Infantry during the war.

In the original edition dated 1904, Samuel H. Caldwell's experiences at Island Number 10 in 1862 are recounted by Lieutenant Rennolds. Alongside a copy of a photograph of Confederate Surgeon Caldwell on page 181 of the book, Rennolds tells the story of how Dr. Caldwell and his assistant Dr. T. J. Taliaferro fought an outbreak of measles while the 46th Tennessee was under siege at Island Number 10. He vividly describes the miserable conditions under which the men lived and how the surgeons "had their hands and brains and hearts full of duties." As the surgeons sought refuge for some of the men in nearby Hickman, Kentucky, Rennolds states that Caldwell and Taliaferro "did all that human skill could do with the very limited means at their command." As Union gunboats surrounded the Confederates, General William Mackall was forced to surrender his men including the two field surgeons. The officers, including Taliaferro and Caldwell were sent to Camp Douglas, Illinois.

Thomas Taliaffero was a working surgeon while at Camp Douglas as a prisoner. He was exchanged on September 23, 1862 but later fought with the 26th Tennessee Infantry which saw action at Murfreesboro and Chickamauga.

Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell's Collection of Confederate Generals CDVs. Surgeon to General Nathan Bedford Forrest, Caldwell was active after the war in the United Confederate Veterans and collecting Civil War mementoes. Part of his collection includes these ten cartes de visite of Confederate generals. All are of the 2½" x 4" size and are in good condition. As follows:
General Robert E. Lee (1807-1870), West Point (USMA) Class of 1829, leader of the Confederate armies, later President of Washington College;
General Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), USMA 1829, he was commander of the Army of Tennessee and signed an armistice with General Sherman in April 1865;
General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson (1824-1863), USMA 1846, the hero of the Confederacy who was accidentally killed by his own men at Chancellorsville;
General Albert Sidney Johnston (1803-1862), USMA 1826, killed at the Battle of Shiloh;
General Braxton Bragg (1817-1876), USMA 1837, led an invasion of Kentucky and fought at Perryville and Stones River. This is an image of him as a younger officer;
General Ambrose Powell "A.P." Hill (1825-1865), USMA 1847, killed at the defense of Petersburg;
General Sterling Price (1809-1867), defeated Steele, fought at Iuka, Corinth, Helena and Red River;
General Simon Bolivar Buckner (1823-1914), USMA 1844, led his troops at Chickamauga;
General John Marmaduke (1833-1887), USMA, a Missourian, he led his troops in Arkansas and at Shiloh;
General Albert Pike (1809-1891), an Arkansas general who led a force of Indians at the Battle of Pea Ridge.

This is an excellent grouping of Confederate general officer photographs collected by the Confederate surgeon who rode with General Nathan Bedford Forrest.

Confederate Surgeon Samuel Houston Caldwell's Oath of Allegiance to the United States at the Close of the War. Caldwell served with General Nathan Bedford Forrest's command until the end of the Civil War. He made his way to Mississippi on his return to his native Paris, Tennessee and met with Colonel William E. Travis, formerly of the 5th Tennessee Infantry. Before returning to Tennessee he signed this oath of allegiance to the United States in Mississippi. Numbered 592, this pre-printed document is on lined blue paper and specifically mentions the emancipation of slaves. Caldwell took his slave, Joe Caldwell, with him and his family were significant slaveholders in Tennessee. The document is in excellent condition with a slight tear at the top.

Letter to Confederate Surgeon Samuel Caldwell from Tennessee Governor Benton McMillan. Caldwell returned to his home at Paris, Tennessee after the Civil War and resumed his medical practice. He remained active in politics and in the United Confederate Veterans organization until his death in 1917.

This letter signed by Governor Benton McMillan is dated May 6, 1901 and concerns Dr. Caldwell's appointment to the Congress on Tuberculosis held at the Grand Central Palace in New York City in May of 1901. The governor later provided Dr. Caldwell with a certificate of his appointment.

Typed on 8½" x 11" paper the letter bears the logo of the "Executive Chamber" at Nashville, Tennessee. It is in very good condition and has folds at two places.

Rare Burial Ritual of the "Association of Confederate Soldiers, Tennessee Division" owned by Confederate Surgeon Samuel H. Caldwell. Before the advent of the formation of the United Confederate Veterans organization, most Southern states had their own fraternal organizations such as the Association of Confederate Soldiers. This seven-page Burial Ritual is from one such organization in Tennessee. Measuring 6" x 9", it contains an elaborate and moving account of how the Confederate veterans are to be honored ceremonially at their death.

This rare booklet was owned by Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel H. Caldwell who rode with General Nathan Bedford Forrest during the Civil War. It is inscribed to him on the cover as a gift from a W. H. Coley and is accompanied by a document that certifies that Coley was a member of the 10th Tennessee Cavalry during the war and that he rode with General Forrest as well. It is dated April 23, 1910.

This is a rare and touching pamphlet that shows how the Confederate veterans wanted to be remembered. The binding has come apart and the supporting document has been pinned to the binding and inner pages to keep them together.

The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, Volume 1 Leather-Bound Book Owned by Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel H. Caldwell. This 707 page, first edition with index, Volume 1 of the great work produced by former Confederate President Jefferson Davis in 1881, is leather bound and in good condition. Measuring 6½" x 9½" with marbleized inside covers, the book contains photographs of Confederate officers, engravings of Davis and other interesting illustrations including 14 maps. In this first volume, Davis gives the reader a history of slavery and his views on the war.

Wife of Confederate Surgeon Samuel H. Caldwell, Mary Caldwell's Lady's Book of Flowers and Poetry. Samuel Houston Caldwell married Mary Thompson in 1861 before going off to war, ultimately serving as battlefield surgeon to General Nathan Bedford Forrest. This copy of Lady's Book of Flowers and Poetry must have helped Mrs. Caldwell pass the time during the years that her husband was at war.

Published in 1859 by Derby and Jackson of New York, this book measures 5" x 7½" and is illustrated with color plates of botanicals and contains works by Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth, and others. It is beautifully covered with gilt-stamped, light brown leather, highly tooled in a floral pattern on the front, back and spine, and has foxing on the pages throughout.

This beautiful book, owned by the wife of the Confederate surgeon, is a wonderful memento from the Civil War.

Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell's Copy of Father Ryan's Poems. Abram Ryan was known as the "Poet of the Confederacy," publishing moving works that inspired many troops before they went into battle and consoling them afterward. This copy of the 1896 edition of Father Ryan's Poems was published by P. J. Kennedy of New York and Philadelphia. It was owned by Confederate Surgeon Samuel Houston Caldwell of Paris, Tennessee. He served with General Nathan Bedford Forrest as a battlefield surgeon and returned to his medical practice in Paris after the war, remaining active in Confederate reunions and collecting books about the war.

This 360-page work is in excellent condition with gold stamping on the cover and binding. It contains several illustrations including a print of Father Ryan.

Confederate Surgeon Samuel Houston Caldwell's Author-Signed Copy of Confederate Wizards of the Saddle. After serving under Confederate Cavalryman General Nathan Bedford Forrest, Caldwell returned to his medical practice in Paris, Tennessee - and often let his thoughts drift back to the Civil War. He was active in the United Confederate Veterans organization and collected mementos of his service and books about the war, especially those that tended to focus on the cavalry service.

This volume of Confederate Wizards of the Saddle, published by Chapple Publishing Company in 1914, was written by Bennett H. Young, himself a Confederate veteran and one-time Commander-in-Chief of the United Confederate Veterans. Signed by Young, this book was in the personal library of Samuel H. Caldwell and later that of his daughter Rowena Caldwell Davis. Measuring 7" x 9.5", the book is cloth bound with white stamping on the front and, at 627 pages, it is a wealth of information on the Confederate cavalry service. The stamping on the binding has faded but the interior pages are in good condition, including the many illustrations such as that of General Forrest and the many maps and diagrams that are included.

This book was surely treasured by the former Confederate surgeon and was likely signed by the author at one of the many Confederate reunions Dr. Caldwell attended.

A History of the Henry County Commands Which Served In The Confederate States Army..., the personal copy owned by Confederate Surgeon Samuel Houston Caldwell. This book, written by former Confederate Lieutenant Edwin H. Rennolds of the 5th Tennessee Infantry, is titled in full A History of the Henry County Commands Which Served In The Confederate Army, Including the Rosters of the Various Companies Enlisted in Henry County, Tennessee, With Portraits.

In what would otherwise be an obscure text, the former Confederate provides a tremendous resource for information on Confederate soldiers of Henry County, Tennessee and the battles in which they fought. These soldiers include Confederate Surgeon Major Samuel Houston Caldwell. Additionally, the actions of slaves that accompanied their masters to war, including photographs of them, are included within the pages of the 301 page, 5½" x 7½" hardbound book. Slave Joe Warren who went to war with his master Colonel William E. Travis is mentioned specifically in the book with his photograph appearing at page 293. This is the same Joe Warren who is pictured in the Confederate reunion photograph listed separately in this catalog.

Covered in a gray linen cloth, the book was published in 1904 by Sun Publishing Company of Jacksonville, Florida. With some taping-in of the pages starting at page 177, the volume is in otherwise good condition. The book also contains muster rolls and descriptive notes on the soldiers of Henry County that includes a notation that Dr. Samuel H. Caldwell served as surgeon to General Nathan Bedford Forrest.

Confederate Surgeon Caldwell's photograph, a copy of the same carte de visite shown in this catalog, appears on page 181 where the author describes the action at Island Number 10 during the war. Dr. Caldwell's brother, Captain A. W. Caldwell is featured in the book as well leading his unit at the Battle of Atlanta, ultimately falling mortally wounded as were all three of Dr. Caldwell's brothers in the war. This is a significant book that gives insight into the war as fought by the sons of Henry County, Tennessee. It is especially important as a Confederate surgeon Dr. Samuel H. Caldwell and slave Joe Warren archive.